Important events in history
on September 26 ^th

Events

2014
1. Forty-three students of the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College in Iguala, Mexico, were kidnapped and probably later killed.
  1. Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College
    
    Raúl Isidro Burgos Rural Teachers’ College, best known as Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers’ College, is a higher level institution for men only, located in Ayotzinapa, in the municipality of Tixtla in the Mexican state of Guerrero. It is part of the rural teacher's school system that was created as part of an ambitious mass education plan implemented by the state in the 1920s. Moisés Sáenz was the head of the Secretariat of Public Education at the time of the college's creation. The project for rural teachers' colleges had a strong component of social transformation, which has made it a hotbed for social movements. In that sense, Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers’ College is of high importance because it is where important figures like Lucio Cabañas Barrientos and Genaro Vázquez Rojas were educated and later on were the ones to lead important guerrilla movements in Mexico during the 20th century.
  2. Iguala
    
    Iguala, known officially as Iguala de la Independencia, is a historic city located 102 km (63 mi) from the state capital of Chilpancingo, in the Mexican state of Guerrero in southwestern Mexico.
  3. Iguala mass kidnapping
    
    On September 26, 2014, forty-three male students disappeared from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College after being forcibly abducted in Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico. They were allegedly taken into custody by local police officers from Iguala and Cocula in collusion with organized crime. The mass kidnapping has caused continued international protests and social unrest, leading to the resignation of Guerrero Governor Ángel Aguirre Rivero in the face of statewide protests on October 23, 2014.
2. A mass kidnapping occurs in Iguala, Mexico.
  1. Iguala mass kidnapping
    
    On September 26, 2014, forty-three male students disappeared from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College after being forcibly abducted in Iguala, Guerrero, Mexico. They were allegedly taken into custody by local police officers from Iguala and Cocula in collusion with organized crime. The mass kidnapping has caused continued international protests and social unrest, leading to the resignation of Guerrero Governor Ángel Aguirre Rivero in the face of statewide protests on October 23, 2014.
2010
1. Scottish aid worker Linda Norgrove and three Afghan colleagues were kidnapped by members of the Taliban in Kunar Province, Afghanistan.
  1. Death of Linda Norgrove
    
    On 26 September 2010, British aid worker Linda Norgrove and three Afghan colleagues were kidnapped by members of the Taliban in the Kunar Province of eastern Afghanistan. She was working in the country as regional director for Development Alternatives Incorporated, a contractor for US and other government agencies. The group were taken to the nearby Dewegal Valley area. United States and Afghan forces began a search of the area, placing roadblocks to prevent the group from being moved east into Pakistan.
  2. Taliban
    
    The Taliban, which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a Deobandi Islamic fundamentalist, militant Islamist, jihadist, and Pashtun nationalist political movement in Afghanistan. It ruled approximately three-quarters of the country from 1996 to 2001, before being overthrown following the United States invasion. It recaptured Kabul on 15 August 2021 after nearly 20 years of insurgency, and currently controls all of the country, although its government has not yet been recognized by any country. The Taliban government has been criticized for restricting human rights in Afghanistan, including the right of women and girls to work and to have an education.
  3. Kunar Province
    
    Kunar is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital is Asadabad. Its population is estimated to be 508,224. Kunar's major political groups include Wahhabis or Ahl-e- Hadith, Nazhat-e Hambastagi Milli, Hezb-e Afghanistan Naween, Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin.
2. The Philippine Bar exam bombing occurred near the De La Salle University in Taft Avenue, Manila injuring 47 people.
  1. 2010 Philippine Bar exam bombing
    
    The 2010 Philippine Bar exam bombing occurred on Taft Avenue near De La Salle University (DLSU), located in Malate, Manila, Philippines, on September 26, 2010, at 5:05 pm PST, a few minutes after Philippine Bar examinees began exiting DLSU. A Mk2 grenade was thrown at a group of Alpha Phi Beta members from San Beda College. They were standing near Tau Gamma Phi members, who police believed were the real target of the explosive. This resulted in injuries to 47 people, including two who required amputations.
  2. De La Salle University
    
    De La Salle University, also referred to as DLSU, De La Salle or La Salle, is a private, Catholic coeducational research university run by the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools in Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila, Philippines. It was established by the Christian Brothers in 1911 as the De La Salle College (DLSC) in Nozaleda Street, Paco, Manila with Blimond Pierre Eilenbecker, FSC serving as director, and is the first De La Salle school in the Philippines. The institution moved to its present location in 1921. The college was granted university status on February 19, 1975, and is the oldest constituent of De La Salle Philippines (DLSP), a network of 16 educational institutions, established in 2006 replacing the De La Salle University System.
2009
1. Typhoon Ketsana hits the Philippines, China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, causing 700 fatalities.
  1. Typhoon Ketsana
    
    Typhoon Ketsana, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Ondoy, was the second-most devastating tropical cyclone of the 2009 Pacific typhoon season, causing $1.15 billion in damages and 921 fatalities, only behind Morakot earlier in the season, which caused 789 deaths and damages worth $6.2 billion. Ketsana was the sixteenth tropical storm, and the eighth typhoon of the season. It was the most devastating tropical cyclone to hit Manila, surpassing Typhoon Patsy (Yoling) in 1970.
2008
1. Swiss pilot and inventor Yves Rossy flew a wingpack powered by jet engines across the English Channel.
  1. Yves Rossy
    
    Yves Rossy is a Swiss military-trained pilot and an aviation enthusiast. He is known as the inventor of a series of experimental individual jet packs, the latest using carbon-fiber wings for flight. Often referred to as "Jetman", Rossy has sometimes tested and presented new versions of his jetpacks in high-profile events staged around the world.
  2. Jet pack
    
    A jet pack, rocket belt, or rocket pack is a device worn on the back which uses jets of gas or liquid to propel the wearer through the air. The concept has been present in science fiction for almost a century and became widespread in the 1960s. Real jet packs have been developed using a variety of mechanisms, but their uses are much more limited than their fictional counterparts because of the challenges of the Earth's atmosphere, gravity, the low energy density of utilisable fuels, and the human body not being suited to flight, and they are principally used for stunts. A practical use for the jet pack has been in extra-vehicular activities for astronauts because of the apparent weightlessness and lack of friction-creating atmosphere in orbit. The term jet suit is used for a system incorporating a jet pack and associated jets attached to the arms to increase manoeuvrability.
  3. English Channel
    
    The English Channel is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busiest shipping area in the world.
2. Swiss pilot and inventor Yves Rossy becomes first person to fly a jet engine-powered wing across the English Channel.
  1. Yves Rossy
    
    Yves Rossy is a Swiss military-trained pilot and an aviation enthusiast. He is known as the inventor of a series of experimental individual jet packs, the latest using carbon-fiber wings for flight. Often referred to as "Jetman", Rossy has sometimes tested and presented new versions of his jetpacks in high-profile events staged around the world.
  2. Jet pack
    
    A jet pack, rocket belt, or rocket pack is a device worn on the back which uses jets of gas or liquid to propel the wearer through the air. The concept has been present in science fiction for almost a century and became widespread in the 1960s. Real jet packs have been developed using a variety of mechanisms, but their uses are much more limited than their fictional counterparts because of the challenges of the Earth's atmosphere, gravity, the low energy density of utilisable fuels, and the human body not being suited to flight, and they are principally used for stunts. A practical use for the jet pack has been in extra-vehicular activities for astronauts because of the apparent weightlessness and lack of friction-creating atmosphere in orbit. The term jet suit is used for a system incorporating a jet pack and associated jets attached to the arms to increase manoeuvrability.
2005
1. The PBS Kids Channel is shut down and replaced by a joint network with Comcast called Sprout.
  1. PBS Kids
    
    PBS Kids is the brand for most of the children's programming aired by the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) in the United States. Some public television children's programs are not produced by PBS member stations or transmitted by PBS. Instead, they are produced by independent public television distributors such as American Public Television, and are not labeled as "PBS Kids" programming, as it is mainly a programming block branding. The target audience is children between the ages of 2 and 8. The network is also available in sub-Saharan Africa and Australia.
  2. Universal Kids
    
    Universal Kids is an American children's television channel owned by the NBCUniversal Television and Streaming unit of NBCUniversal.
2002
1. The overcrowded Senegalese ferry, MV Le Joola, capsizes off the coast of the Gambia killing more than 1,000.
  1. MV Le Joola
    
    MV Le Joola was a Senegalese government-owned roll-on/roll-off ferry that capsized off the coast of The Gambia on 26 September 2002, with 1,863 deaths and 64 survivors. It is thought to be the second-worst non-military disaster in maritime history.
2000
1. Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 20,000 protesters) turn violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.
  1. Anti-globalization protests in Prague
    
    Anti-capitalist Protests in Prague took place during the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank summit on September 27, 2000, in Prague, capital of the Czech Republic.
2. The MS Express Samina sinks off Paros in the Aegean Sea killing 80 passengers.
  1. MS Express Samina
    
    MS Express Samina was a French-built RoPax ferry that struck the charted Portes Islets rocks in the Bay of Parikia off the coast of Paros island in the central Aegean Sea on 26 September 2000. The accident resulted in 82 deaths and the loss of the ship. The cause of the accident was crew negligence, for which several members were found criminally liable.
1997
1. A Garuda Indonesia Airbus A300 crashes near Medan airport, killing 234.
  1. Garuda Indonesia
    
    Garuda Indonesia is the flag carrier of Indonesia, headquartered at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. A successor of KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf, it is a member of SkyTeam and the second-largest airline of Indonesia after Lion Air, operating scheduled flights to a number of destinations across Asia, Europe, and Australia from its hubs, focus cities, as well as other cities for Hajj. It is the only Indonesian airline that flies to the European airspace.
  2. Airbus A300
    
    The Airbus A300 is a wide-body airliner developed and manufactured by Airbus. In September 1967, aircraft manufacturers in the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany signed a memorandum of understanding to develop a large airliner. West Germany and France reached an agreement on 29 May 1969 after the British withdrew from the project on 10 April 1969. European collaborative aerospace manufacturer Airbus Industrie was formally created on 18 December 1970 to develop and produce it. The prototype first flew on 28 October 1972.
  3. Garuda Indonesia Flight 152
    
    Garuda Indonesia Flight 152 was a scheduled domestic flight operated by Garuda Indonesia from Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta to Polonia International Airport, Medan in Indonesia. On 26 September 1997, the aircraft flying the route crashed into mountainous woodlands near the village of Buah Nabar, Sibolangit, killing all 222 passengers and 12 crew on board. It is the deadliest aviation disaster in Indonesia's history.
2. An earthquake strikes the Italian regions of Umbria and the Marche, causing part of the Basilica of St. Francis at Assisi to collapse.
  1. 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake
    
    The 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake occurred in the regions of Umbria and Marche, central Italy on the morning of September 26. It was preceded by a foreshock almost as strong as the main quake. The foreshock occurred at 02:33 CEST, rated Mw5.7, and the second – the main shock – occurred at 11:40 CEST, rated Mw 6.0. Their epicentre was in Annifo. The mainshock was assigned X (Extreme) and foreshock VIII (Severe) on the Mercalli intensity scale.
1984
1. The United Kingdom and China agree to a transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, to take place in 1997.
  1. Handover of Hong Kong
    
    Sovereignty of Hong Kong was transferred from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China (PRC) at midnight on 1 July 1997. This event ended 156 years of British rule in the former colony. Hong Kong was established as a special administrative region of China (SAR) for 50 years, maintaining its own economic and governing systems from those of mainland China during this time, although influence from the central government in Beijing increased after the passing of the Hong Kong national security law in 2020.
1983
1. The racing yacht Australia II, captained by John Bertrand, won the America's Cup and ended the New York Yacht Club's 132-year defence of the trophy.
  1. Yacht racing
    
    Yacht racing is a sailing sport involving sailing yachts and larger sailboats, as distinguished from dinghy racing, which involves open boats. It is composed of multiple yachts, in direct competition, racing around a course marked by buoys or other fixed navigational devices or racing longer distances across open water from point-to-point. It can involve a series of races with buoy racing or multiple legs when point-to-point racing.
  2. Australia II
    
    Australia II is an Australian 12-metre-class America's Cup challenge racing yacht that was launched in 1982 and won the 1983 America's Cup for the Royal Perth Yacht Club. Skippered by John Bertrand, she was the first successful Cup challenger, ending a 132-year tenure by the New York Yacht Club.
  3. John Bertrand (sailor, born 1946)
    
    John Edwin Bertrand AO is a yachtsman from Australia, who skippered Australia II to victory in the 1983 America's Cup, ending 132 years of American supremacy, and the only time Australia has won. Bertrand won the bronze medal in the Finn competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. In 2010 and 2016, he won the world Etchells class sailing championships. He is a life member of both the Royal Brighton Yacht Club in Melbourne, and the Sorrento Sailing Couta Boat Club.
  4. 1983 America's Cup
    
    The 1983 America's Cup was a 12-metre class yacht race which pitted the defending New York Yacht Club's Liberty against the Royal Perth Yacht Club's challenger, Australia II. The September 1983 match race was won by Australia II in the first successful challenge of the New York Yacht Club's 132-year defense of the Cup. The Australian syndicate's boat, skippered by John Bertrand, fought back from a 3–1 deficit to best the Dennis Conner-helmed defender, ending both the longest winning streak in sporting history and U.S. domination of the racing series.
  5. New York Yacht Club
    
    The New York Yacht Club (NYYC) is a private social club and yacht club based in New York City and Newport, Rhode Island. It was founded in 1844 by nine prominent sportsmen. The members have contributed to the sport of yachting and yacht design. As of 2001, the organization was reported to have about 3,000 members. Membership in the club is by invitation only. Its officers include a commodore, vice-commodore, rear-commodore, secretary and treasurer.
2. Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Stanislav Petrov averted a potential nuclear war by identifying as a false alarm signals that appeared to indicate an impending U.S. missile attack.
  1. Stanislav Petrov
    
    Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov was a lieutenant colonel of the Soviet Air Defence Forces who played a key role in the 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident. On 26 September 1983, three weeks after the Soviet military had shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 007, Petrov was the duty officer at the command center for the Oko nuclear early-warning system when the system reported that a missile had been launched from the United States, followed by up to five more. Petrov judged the reports to be a false alarm.
  2. Nuclear warfare
    
    Nuclear warfare, also known as atomic warfare, is a theoretical military conflict or prepared political strategy that deploys nuclear weaponry. Nuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction; in contrast to conventional warfare, nuclear warfare can produce destruction in a much shorter time and can have a long-lasting radiological result. A major nuclear exchange would likely have long-term effects, primarily from the fallout released, and could also lead to secondary effects, such as "nuclear winter", nuclear famine and societal collapse. A global thermonuclear war with Cold War-era stockpiles, or even with the current smaller stockpiles, may lead to various scenarios including the extinction of the human race.
  3. 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident
    
    On 26 September 1983, during the Cold War, the nuclear early-warning radar of the Soviet Union reported the launch of one intercontinental ballistic missile with four more missiles behind it, from bases in the United States. These missile attack warnings were suspected to be false alarms by Stanislav Petrov, an officer of the Soviet Air Defence Forces on duty at the command center of the early-warning system. He decided to wait for corroborating evidence—of which none arrived—rather than immediately relaying the warning up the chain-of-command. This decision is seen as having prevented a retaliatory nuclear attack against the United States and its NATO allies, which would likely have resulted in an escalation to a full-scale nuclear war. Investigation of the satellite warning system later determined that the system had indeed malfunctioned.
3. Soviet Air Force officer Stanislav Petrov identifies a report of an incoming nuclear missile as a computer error and not an American first strike.
  1. Stanislav Petrov
    
    Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov was a lieutenant colonel of the Soviet Air Defence Forces who played a key role in the 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident. On 26 September 1983, three weeks after the Soviet military had shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 007, Petrov was the duty officer at the command center for the Oko nuclear early-warning system when the system reported that a missile had been launched from the United States, followed by up to five more. Petrov judged the reports to be a false alarm.
4. Australia II wins the America's Cup, ending the New York Yacht Club's 132-year domination of the race.
  1. Australia II
    
    Australia II is an Australian 12-metre-class America's Cup challenge racing yacht that was launched in 1982 and won the 1983 America's Cup for the Royal Perth Yacht Club. Skippered by John Bertrand, she was the first successful Cup challenger, ending a 132-year tenure by the New York Yacht Club.
  2. 1983 America's Cup
    
    The 1983 America's Cup was a 12-metre class yacht race which pitted the defending New York Yacht Club's Liberty against the Royal Perth Yacht Club's challenger, Australia II. The September 1983 match race was won by Australia II in the first successful challenge of the New York Yacht Club's 132-year defense of the Cup. The Australian syndicate's boat, skippered by John Bertrand, fought back from a 3–1 deficit to best the Dennis Conner-helmed defender, ending both the longest winning streak in sporting history and U.S. domination of the racing series.
  3. New York City
    
    New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States, and is more than twice as populous as second-place Los Angeles. New York City lies at the southern tip of New York State, and constitutes the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass. With over 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York is one of the world's most populous megacities, and over 58 million people live within 250 mi (400 km) of the city. New York City is a global cultural, financial, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care and life sciences, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy, an established safe haven for global investors, and is sometimes described as the capital of the world.
1981
1. Nolan Ryan sets a Major League record by throwing his fifth no-hitter.
  1. Nolan Ryan
    
    Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr., nicknamed "the Ryan Express", is an American former professional baseball pitcher and sports executive. Over a record 27-year playing career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanning four decades, Ryan pitched for the New York Mets, California Angels, Houston Astros, and Texas Rangers. After his retirement in 1993, Ryan served as chief executive officer (CEO) of the Texas Rangers and an executive advisor to the Houston Astros. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999, and is widely considered to be one of the best MLB pitchers of all time.
1980
1. At the Oktoberfest terror attack in Munich 13 people die and 211 are injured.
  1. Oktoberfest bombing
    
    The Oktoberfest bombing was a far-right terrorist attack. On 26 September 1980, 13 people were killed and more than 200 injured by the explosion of an improvised explosive device (IED) at the main entrance of the Oktoberfest festival in Munich, West Germany. The bombing was attributed to the right-wing extremist and geology student Gundolf Köhler, who was instantly killed in the attack as the bomb exploded prematurely.
1973
1. Concorde makes its first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic in record-breaking time.
  1. Concorde
    
    The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde is a Franco-British supersonic airliner jointly developed and manufactured by Sud Aviation and the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC). Studies started in 1954, and France and the UK signed a treaty establishing the development project on 29 November 1962, as the programme cost was estimated at £70 million . Construction of the six prototypes began in February 1965, and the first flight took off from Toulouse on 2 March 1969. The market was predicted for 350 aircraft, and the manufacturers received up to 100 option orders from many major airlines. On 9 October 1975, it received its French Certificate of Airworthiness, and from the UK CAA on 5 December.
1969
1. Abbey Road, the last recorded album by the Beatles, is released.
  1. Abbey Road
    
    Abbey Road is the eleventh studio album by the English rock band the Beatles. It is the last album the group started recording, although Let It Be was the last album completed before the band's break-up in April 1970. It was mostly recorded in April, July and August 1969, and was released on 26 September 1969 in the United Kingdom, and 1 October 1969 in the United States, reaching number one in both countries. A double A-side single from the album, "Something" / "Come Together" was released in October, which also topped the charts in the US.
  2. The Beatles
    
    The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.
1968
1. The Beatles completed the recording of John Lennon's song "Happiness Is a Warm Gun", regarded by all the band members as their favourite on the album The Beatles.
  1. The Beatles
    
    The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960, that comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr. They are regarded as the most influential band of all time and were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form. Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock 'n' roll, their sound incorporated elements of classical music and traditional pop in innovative ways; the band also explored music styles ranging from folk and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock. As pioneers in recording, songwriting and artistic presentation, the Beatles revolutionised many aspects of the music industry and were often publicised as leaders of the era's youth and sociocultural movements.
  2. John Lennon
    
    John Winston Ono Lennon was an English singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist who achieved worldwide fame as founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles. Lennon's work was characterised by the rebellious nature and acerbic wit of his music, writing and drawings, on film, and in interviews. His songwriting partnership with Paul McCartney remains the most successful in history.
  3. Happiness Is a Warm Gun
    
    "Happiness Is a Warm Gun" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles from their 1968 album The Beatles. It was written by John Lennon and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. The song was composed into three distinct sections, referred by Lennon as "the Dirty Old Man", "the Junkie" and "the Gunman ". He derived the title from an NRA magazine and explained that the lyrics were a double entendre for guns and his sexual desire for Yoko Ono.
  4. The Beatles (album)
    
    The Beatles, also known colloquially as the White Album, is the ninth studio album and only double album by the English rock band the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968. Featuring a plain white sleeve, the cover contains no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed. This was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's previous LP Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. The Beatles is recognised for its fragmentary style and diverse range of genres, including folk, British blues, ska, music hall, pre-heavy metal and the avant-garde. It has since been viewed by some critics as a postmodern work, as well as one of the greatest albums of all time.
1960
1. In Chicago, the first televised debate takes place between presidential candidates Richard M. Nixon and John F. Kennedy.
  1. United States presidential debates
    
    During presidential election campaigns in the United States, it has become customary for the candidates to engage in a debate. The topics discussed in the debate are often the most controversial issues of the time, and arguably elections have been nearly decided by these debates. Candidate debates are not constitutionally mandated, but they are now considered an intrinsic part of the election process. The debates are targeted mainly at undecided voters; those who tend not to be partial to any political ideology or party.
1959
1. Japan was struck by Typhoon Vera, the strongest and deadliest typhoon on record to make landfall on the country, causing damage in excess of US$261 million and more than 5,000 deaths.
  1. Typhoon Vera
    
    Typhoon Vera, also known as the Isewan Typhoon , was an exceptionally intense tropical cyclone that struck Japan in September 1959, becoming the strongest and deadliest typhoon on record to make landfall on the country as a Category 5 equivalent storm. The storm's intensity resulted in catastrophic damage of unparalleled severity and extent, and was a major setback to the Japanese economy, which was still recovering from World War II. In the aftermath of Vera, Japan's disaster management and relief systems were significantly reformed, and the typhoon's effects would set a benchmark for future storms striking the country.
  2. Typhoon
    
    A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for almost one-third of the world's annual tropical cyclones. For organizational purposes, the northern Pacific Ocean is divided into three regions: the eastern, central, and western. The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) for tropical cyclone forecasts is in Japan, with other tropical cyclone warning centers for the northwest Pacific in Hawaii, the Philippines, and Hong Kong. Although the RSMC names each system, the main name list itself is coordinated among 18 countries that have territories threatened by typhoons each year.
2. Typhoon Vera, the strongest typhoon to hit Japan in recorded history, makes landfall, killing 4,580 people and leaving nearly 1.6 million others homeless.
  1. Typhoon Vera
    
    Typhoon Vera, also known as the Isewan Typhoon , was an exceptionally intense tropical cyclone that struck Japan in September 1959, becoming the strongest and deadliest typhoon on record to make landfall on the country as a Category 5 equivalent storm. The storm's intensity resulted in catastrophic damage of unparalleled severity and extent, and was a major setback to the Japanese economy, which was still recovering from World War II. In the aftermath of Vera, Japan's disaster management and relief systems were significantly reformed, and the typhoon's effects would set a benchmark for future storms striking the country.
1954
1. The Japanese rail ferry Tōya Maru sinks during a typhoon in the Tsugaru Strait, Japan, killing 1,172.
  1. Tōya Maru
    
    Tōya Maru (洞爺丸) was a Japanese train ferry constructed by Japanese National Railways (JNR) which sank during a typhoon, later known locally as the Tōya Maru Typhoon, in the Tsugaru Strait between the Japanese islands of Hokkaidō and Honshū on September 26, 1954. JNR announced in September 1955 that 1,153 people aboard were killed in the accident. However, the exact number of fatalities remains unknown because there were victims who managed to obtain passage on the ship at the last minute, and others who cancelled their tickets just before the incident occurred.
1953
1. Rationing of sugar in the United Kingdom ends
  1. Rationing in the United Kingdom
    
    Rationing was introduced temporarily by the British government several times during the 20th century, during and immediately after a war.
1950
1. Korean War: United Nations troops recapture Seoul from North Korean forces.
  1. Second Battle of Seoul
    
    The Second Battle of Seoul was a battle that resulted in United Nations forces recapturing Seoul from the North Koreans in late September 1950.
1944
1. World War II: The Soviet Army completed the Tallinn Offensive, driving German forces out of Estonia.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Soviet Army
    
    The Soviet Army or Soviet Ground Forces was the main land warfare uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1946 to 1992.
  3. Tallinn offensive
    
    The Tallinn offensive was a strategic offensive by the Red Army's 2nd Shock and 8th armies and the Baltic Fleet against the German Army Detachment Narwa and Estonian units in mainland Estonia on the Eastern Front of World War II on 17–26 September 1944. Its German counterpart was the abandonment of the Estonian territory in a retreat codenamed Operation Aster.
1942
1. Holocaust: Senior SS official August Frank issues a memorandum detailing how Jews should be "evacuated".
  1. The Holocaust
    
    The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out in pogroms and mass shootings; by a policy of extermination through labor in concentration camps; and in gas chambers and gas vans in German extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bełżec, Chełmno, Majdanek, Sobibór, and Treblinka in occupied Poland.
  2. August Frank memorandum
    
    The August Frank memorandum of 26 September 1942 was a directive from SS Lieutenant General August Frank of the SS concentration camp administration department (SS-WVHA). The memorandum provides a measure of the detailed planning that Frank and other Nazis put into the carrying out of the Holocaust. It includes instructions as to the disposition of postage stamp collections and underwear of the murdered Jews. It is clear that the Nazis were intent in removing everything of value from their victims.
1936
1. Spanish Civil War: Lluis Companys reshuffles the Generalitat de Catalunya, with the marxist POUM and anarcho-syndicalist CNT joining the government.
  1. Spanish Civil War
    
    The Spanish Civil War was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was variously viewed as class struggle, a religious struggle, a struggle between dictatorship and republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, and between fascism and communism. According to Claude Bowers, U.S. ambassador to Spain during the war, it was the "dress rehearsal" for World War II. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975.
  2. Lluís Companys
    
    Lluís Companys i Jover was a Catalan politician who served as president of Catalonia from 1934 and during the Spanish Civil War.
  3. Cabinet reshuffle
    
    A cabinet reshuffle or shuffle occurs when a head of government rotates or changes the composition of ministers in their cabinet, or when the Head of State changes the head of government and a number of ministers. They are more common in parliamentary systems, than in systems where cabinet heads must be confirmed by a separate legislative body, and occur at pleasure in autocratic systems without suitable checks-and-balances.
  4. Generalitat de Catalunya
    
    The Generalitat de Catalunya, or the Government of Catalonia, is the institutional system by which Catalonia politically organizes its self-government. It is formed by the Parliament of Catalonia, the Presidency of the Generalitat de Catalunya, and the Executive Council of Catalonia.
  5. Libertarian socialism
    
    Libertarian socialism, also known by various other names, is a left-wing, anti-authoritarian, anti-statist and libertarian political philosophy within the socialist movement which rejects the state's control of the economy under state socialism. Overlapping with anarchism and libertarianism, libertarian socialists criticize wage slavery relationships within the workplace, emphasizing workers' self-management and decentralized structures of political organization. As a broad socialist tradition and movement, libertarian socialism includes anarchist, Marxist, and anarchist- or Marxist-inspired thought and other left-libertarian tendencies.
  6. POUM
    
    The Workers' Party of Marxist Unification was a Spanish communist political party formed during the Second Republic and mainly active around the Spanish Civil War. It was formed by the fusion of the Trotskyist Communist Left of Spain and the Workers and Peasants' Bloc against the will of Leon Trotsky, with whom the former broke.
  7. Anarcho-syndicalism
    
    Anarcho-syndicalism is a political philosophy and anarchist school of thought that views revolutionary industrial unionism or syndicalism as a method for workers in capitalist society to gain control of an economy and thus control influence in broader society. The end goal of syndicalism is to abolish the wage system, regarding it as wage slavery. Anarcho-syndicalist theory generally focuses on the labour movement. Reflecting the anarchist philosophy from which it draws its primary inspiration, anarcho-syndicalism is centred on the idea that power corrupts and that any hierarchy that cannot be ethically justified must be dismantled.
  8. Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
    
    The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labor unions, which was long affiliated with the International Workers' Association (AIT). When working with the latter group it was also known as CNT-AIT. Historically, the CNT has also been affiliated with the Federación Anarquista Ibérica ; thus, it has also been referred to as the CNT-FAI. Throughout its history, it has played a major role in the Spanish labor movement.
1934
1. The ocean liner RMS Queen Mary is launched.
  1. RMS Queen Mary
    
    RMS Queen Mary is a retired British ocean liner that sailed primarily on the North Atlantic Ocean from 1936 to 1967 for the Cunard-White Star Line and was built by John Brown & Company in Clydebank, Scotland. Queen Mary, along with RMS Queen Elizabeth, were built as part of Cunard's planned two-ship weekly express service between Southampton, Cherbourg and New York. The two ships were a British response to the express superliners built by German, Italian and French companies in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
1933
1. As gangster Machine Gun Kelly surrendered to the FBI, he supposedly shouted "Don't shoot, G-Men!", which became a nickname for FBI agents.
  1. Machine Gun Kelly
    
    George Kelly Barnes, better known by his pseudonym "Machine Gun Kelly", was an American gangster from Memphis, Tennessee, active during the Prohibition era. His nickname came from his favorite weapon, a Thompson submachine gun. He is best known for the kidnapping of oil tycoon and businessman Charles F. Urschel in July 1933, from which he and his gang collected a $200,000 ransom. Urschel had collected and left considerable evidence that assisted the subsequent FBI investigation, which eventually led to Kelly's arrest in Memphis, Tennessee, on September 26, 1933. His crimes also included bootlegging and armed robbery.
  2. Federal Bureau of Investigation
    
    The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States and its principal federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the United States Department of Justice, the FBI is also a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, the FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.
  3. G-man
    
    G-man is an American slang term for agents of the United States Government. It is especially used as a term for an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
2. As gangster Machine Gun Kelly surrenders to the FBI, he shouts out, "Don't shoot, G-Men!", which becomes a nickname for FBI agents.
  1. Machine Gun Kelly
    
    George Kelly Barnes, better known by his pseudonym "Machine Gun Kelly", was an American gangster from Memphis, Tennessee, active during the Prohibition era. His nickname came from his favorite weapon, a Thompson submachine gun. He is best known for the kidnapping of oil tycoon and businessman Charles F. Urschel in July 1933, from which he and his gang collected a $200,000 ransom. Urschel had collected and left considerable evidence that assisted the subsequent FBI investigation, which eventually led to Kelly's arrest in Memphis, Tennessee, on September 26, 1933. His crimes also included bootlegging and armed robbery.
  2. G-man
    
    G-man is an American slang term for agents of the United States Government. It is especially used as a term for an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
1928
1. The Republic of China adopted Gwoyeu Romatzyh (designer pictured) as the official system for romanization of Mandarin Chinese.
  1. Nationalist government
    
    The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, also known as the Second Republic of China or simply as the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the Kuomintang.
  2. Gwoyeu Romatzyh
    
    Gwoyeu Romatzyh, abbreviated GR, is a system for writing Mandarin Chinese in the Latin alphabet. The system was conceived by Yuen Ren Chao and developed by a group of linguists including Chao and Lin Yutang from 1925 to 1926. Chao himself later published influential works in linguistics using GR. In addition a small number of other textbooks and dictionaries in GR were published in Hong Kong and overseas from 1942 to 2000.
  3. Romanization of Chinese
    
    Romanization of Chinese is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Chinese. Chinese uses a logographic script and its characters do not represent phonemes directly. There have been many systems using Roman characters to represent Chinese throughout history. Linguist Daniel Kane wrote, "It used to be said that sinologists had to be like musicians, who might compose in one key and readily transcribe into other keys." The dominant international standard for Standard Mandarin since about 1982 has been Hanyu Pinyin, invented by a group of Chinese linguists in the 1950s including Zhou Youguang. Other well-known systems include Wade–Giles (Mandarin) and Yale Romanization.
1923
1. The German government accepts the occupation of the Ruhr.
  1. Occupation of the Ruhr
    
    The Occupation of the Ruhr was a period of military occupation of the Ruhr region of Germany by France and Belgium between 11 January 1923 and 25 August 1925.
1918
1. World War I: The Meuse-Argonne Offensive began which would last until the total surrender of German forces.
  1. Meuse–Argonne offensive
    
    The Meuse–Argonne offensive was a major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. It was fought from September 26, 1918, until the Armistice of November 11, 1918, a total of 47 days. The Meuse–Argonne offensive was the largest in United States military history, involving 1.2 million American soldiers. It is also the deadliest battle in the history of the United States Army, resulting in over 350,000 casualties, including 28,000 German lives, 26,277 American lives and an unknown number of French lives. American losses were worsened by the inexperience of many of the troops, the tactics used during the early phases of the operation and the widespread onset of the global influenza outbreak called the "Spanish flu".
1917
1. World War I: The Battle of Polygon Wood, part of the Battle of Passchendaele, began near Ypres, Belgium.
  1. World War I
    
    World War I or the First World War, often abbreviated as WWI or WW1, and referred to by some Anglophone authors as the "Great War" or the "War to End All Wars", was a global conflict which lasted from 1914 to 1918, and is considered one of the deadliest conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war.
  2. Battle of Polygon Wood
    
    The Battle of Polygon Wood took place from 26 September to 3 October 1917, during the second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres in the First World War. The battle was fought near Ypres in Belgium, in the area from the Menin road to Polygon Wood and thence north, to the area beyond St Julien. Much of the woodland had been destroyed by the huge quantity of shellfire from both sides since 16 July and the area had changed hands several times.
  3. Battle of Passchendaele
    
    The Third Battle of Ypres, also known as the Battle of Passchendaele, was a campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire. The battle took place on the Western Front, from July to November 1917, for control of the ridges south and east of the Belgian city of Ypres in West Flanders, as part of a strategy decided by the Allies at conferences in November 1916 and May 1917. Passchendaele lies on the last ridge east of Ypres, 5 mi (8.0 km) from Roulers, a junction of the Bruges-(Brugge)-to-Kortrijk railway. The station at Roulers was on the main supply route of the German 4th Army. Once Passchendaele Ridge had been captured, the Allied advance was to continue to a line from Thourout to Couckelaere (Koekelare).
  4. Ypres
    
    Ypres is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though the Dutch name Ieper is the official one, the city's French name Ypres is most commonly used in English. The municipality comprises the city of Ypres/Ieper and the villages of Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, and Zuidschote. Together, they are home to about 34,900 inhabitants.
2. World War I: The Battle of Polygon Wood begins.
  1. Battle of Polygon Wood
    
    The Battle of Polygon Wood took place from 26 September to 3 October 1917, during the second phase of the Third Battle of Ypres in the First World War. The battle was fought near Ypres in Belgium, in the area from the Menin road to Polygon Wood and thence north, to the area beyond St Julien. Much of the woodland had been destroyed by the huge quantity of shellfire from both sides since 16 July and the area had changed hands several times.
1914
1. The United States Federal Trade Commission is established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
  1. Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
    
    The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 was a United States federal law which established the Federal Trade Commission. The Act was signed into law by US President Woodrow Wilson in 1914 and outlaws unfair methods of competition and unfair acts or practices that affect commerce.
1910
1. Indian journalist Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai is arrested after publishing criticism of the government of Travancore and is exiled.
  1. Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai
    
    K. Ramakrishna Pillai (1878–1916) was an Indian nationalist writer, journalist, editor, and political activist. He edited Swadeshabhimani, the newspaper which became a potent weapon against the rule of the British and the erstwhile princely state of Travancore and a tool for social transformation. His criticism of the Diwan of Travancore, P. Rajagopalachari and the Maharajah led to the eventual confiscation of the newspaper. Ramakrishna Pillai was arrested and exiled from Travancore in 1910. Vrithantha Pathra Pravarthanam (1912) and Karl Marx (1912) are among his most noted works in Malayalam, Vrithantha Pathra pravarthanam being the first book on journalism in Malayalam and Karl Marx, the first ever biography of Karl Marx in any Indian language. But it has been alleged that he plagiarized the biography from an essay, Karl Marx:A Modern Rishi, by Lala Hardayal, published in 1912 March issue of the Modern Review, published from Kolkata.
1907
1. The British Colony of New Zealand officially became a dominion to reflect its political independence since the 1850s.
  1. Colony of New Zealand
    
    The Colony of New Zealand was a Crown colony of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland that encompassed the islands of New Zealand from 1841 to 1907. The power of the British government was vested in the Governor of New Zealand, as the representative of their monarch. The colony had three capitals: Old Russell in 1841; Auckland from 1841 to 1865; and Wellington, which was the capital until the colony's reorganisation into a Dominion, and continues to be the capital of New Zealand till the present day.
  2. Dominion of New Zealand
    
    The Dominion of New Zealand was the historical successor to the Colony of New Zealand. It was a constitutional monarchy with a high level of self-government within the British Empire.
2. Four months after the 1907 Imperial Conference, New Zealand and Newfoundland are promoted from colonies to dominions within the British Empire.
  1. 1907 Imperial Conference
    
    The 1907 Imperial Conference was convened in London on 15 April 1907 and concluded on 14 May 1907. During the sessions a resolution was passed renaming this and future meetings Imperial Conferences. The chairman of the conference was British prime minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman.
1905
1. Albert Einstein publishes the third of his Annus Mirabilis papers, introducing the special theory of relativity.
  1. Albert Einstein
    
    Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in "Einstein" becoming synonymous with "genius".
  2. Annus mirabilis papers
    
    The annus mirabilis papers are the four papers that Albert Einstein published in Annalen der Physik, a scientific journal, in 1905. These four papers were major contributions to the foundation of modern physics. They revolutionized science's understanding of the fundamental concepts of space, time, mass, and energy. Because Einstein published these remarkable papers in a single year, 1905 is called his annus mirabilis.
1810
1. A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates, and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.
  1. Swedish Act of Succession
    
    The 1810 Act of Succession is one of four Fundamental Laws of the Realm and thus forms part of the Swedish Constitution. The Act regulates the line of succession to the Swedish throne and the conditions which eligible members of the Swedish Royal Family must abide by in order to remain in it.
  2. Charles XIV John
    
    Charles XIV John was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death in 1844. Before his reign he was a Marshal of France during the Napoleonic Wars and participated in several battles. In modern Norwegian lists of kings he is called Charles III John. He was the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty.
1799
1. War of the 2nd Coalition: French troops defeat Austro-Russian forces, leading to the collapse of Suvorov's campaign.
  1. War of the Second Coalition
    
    The War of the Second Coalition was the second war on revolutionary France by most of the European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria and Russia, and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples and various German monarchies. Prussia did not join this coalition, and Spain supported France.
  2. Second Battle of Zurich
    
    The Second Battle of Zurich was a key victory by the Republican French army in Switzerland led by André Masséna over an Austrian and Russian force commanded by Alexander Korsakov near Zürich. It broke the stalemate that had resulted from the First Battle of Zurich three months earlier and led to the withdrawal of Russia from the Second Coalition. Most of the fighting took place on both banks of the river Limmat up to the gates of Zürich, and within the city itself.
1789
1. George Washington appoints Thomas Jefferson the first United States Secretary of State.
  1. George Washington
    
    George Washington was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army, Washington led the Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War and served as the president of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which created the Constitution of the United States and the American federal government. Washington has been called the "Father of his Country" for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the country.
  2. Thomas Jefferson
    
    Thomas Jefferson was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was previously the nation's second vice president under John Adams and the first United States secretary of state under George Washington. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation. He produced formative documents and decisions at state, national, and international levels.
  3. United States Secretary of State
    
    The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Cabinet, and ranks the first in the U.S. presidential line of succession among Cabinet secretaries.
1777
1. American Revolution: British troops occupy Philadelphia.
  1. Philadelphia campaign
    
    The Philadelphia campaign (1777–1778) was a British effort in the American Revolutionary War to gain control of Philadelphia, which was then the seat of the Second Continental Congress. British General William Howe, after failing to draw the Continental Army under General George Washington into a battle in northern New Jersey, embarked his army on transports, and landed them at the northern end of Chesapeake Bay. From there, he advanced northward toward Philadelphia. Washington prepared defenses against Howe's movements at Brandywine Creek, but was flanked and beaten back in the Battle of Brandywine on September 11, 1777. After further skirmishes and maneuvers, Howe entered and occupied Philadelphia. Washington then unsuccessfully attacked one of Howe's garrisons at Germantown before retreating to Valley Forge for the winter.
1688
1. The city council of Amsterdam votes to support William of Orange's invasion of England, which became the Glorious Revolution.
  1. Glorious Revolution
    
    The Glorious Revolution, also known as the Glorieuze Overtocht or Glorious Crossing in the Netherlands, is the sequence of events leading to the deposition of King James II and VII of England and Scotland in November 1688, and his replacement by his daughter Mary II and her husband and James's nephew William III of Orange, de facto ruler of the Dutch Republic. A term first used by John Hampden in late 1689, it has been notable in the years since for having been described as the last successful invasion of England as well as an internal coup, with differing interpretations from the Dutch and English perspectives respectively.
1687
1. Morean War: The Parthenon in Athens, used as a gunpowder depot by the Ottoman garrison, is partially destroyed after being bombarded during the Siege of the Acropolis by Venetian forces.
  1. Morean War
    
    The Morean War, also known as the Sixth Ottoman–Venetian War, was fought between 1684–1699 as part of the wider conflict known as the "Great Turkish War", between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire. Military operations ranged from Dalmatia to the Aegean Sea, but the war's major campaign was the Venetian conquest of the Morea (Peloponnese) peninsula in southern Greece. On the Venetian side, the war was fought to avenge the loss of Crete in the Cretan War (1645–1669). It happened while the Ottomans were entangled in their northern struggle against the Habsburgs – beginning with the failed Ottoman attempt to conquer Vienna and ending with the Habsburgs gaining Buda and the whole of Hungary, leaving the Ottoman Empire unable to concentrate its forces against the Venetians. As such, the Morean War was the only Ottoman–Venetian conflict from which Venice emerged victorious, gaining significant territory. Venice's expansionist revival would be short-lived, as its gains would be reversed by the Ottomans in 1718.
  2. Parthenon
    
    The Parthenon is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena during the fifth century BC. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art, an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, democracy and Western civilization.
  3. Ottoman Empire
    
    The Ottoman Empire, also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror.
  4. Siege of the Acropolis (1687)
    
    The siege of the Acropolis took place on 23–29 September 1687, as the Venetian army under Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck laid siege to the Acropolis of Athens, held by the Ottoman garrison of the city. The siege resulted in the destruction of a large part of the Parthenon, which the Ottomans used as a gunpowder store.
  5. Republic of Venice
    
    The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic in parts of present-day Italy that existed for 1100 years from AD 697 until AD 1797. Centered on the lagoon communities of the prosperous city of Venice, it incorporated numerous overseas possessions in modern Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, Greece, Albania and Cyprus. The republic grew into a trading power during the Middle Ages and strengthened this position during the Renaissance. Citizens spoke the still-surviving Venetian language, although publishing in (Florentine) Italian became the norm during the Renaissance.
1580
1. Explorer Francis Drake's galleon Golden Hind (replica pictured) sailed into Plymouth, England, completing his circumnavigation of the globe.
  1. Francis Drake
    
    Sir Francis Drake was an English explorer, sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer, and politician. Drake is best known for his circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580. This included his incursion into the Pacific Ocean, until then an area of exclusive Spanish interest, and his claim to New Albion for England, an area in what is now the U.S. state of California. His expedition inaugurated an era of conflict with the Spanish on the western coast of the Americas, an area that had previously been largely unexplored by Western shipping.
  2. Galleon
    
    Galleons were large, multi-decked sailing ships first used as armed cargo carriers by European states from the 16th to 18th centuries during the age of sail and were the principal vessels drafted for use as warships until the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the mid-1600s. Galleons generally carried three or more masts with a lateen fore-and-aft rig on the rear masts, were carvel built with a prominent squared off raised stern, and used square-rigged sail plans on their fore-mast and main-masts.
  3. Golden Hind
    
    Golden Hind was a galleon captained by Francis Drake in his circumnavigation of the world between 1577 and 1580. She was originally known as Pelican, but Drake renamed her mid-voyage in 1578, in honour of his patron, Sir Christopher Hatton, whose crest was a golden hind. Hatton was one of the principal sponsors of Drake's world voyage. A full-sized, seaworthy reconstruction is in London, on the south bank of the Thames.
  4. Plymouth
    
    Plymouth is a port city and unitary authority in South West England. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately 36 miles (58 km) south-west of Exeter and 193 miles (311 km) south-west of London. It is bordered by Cornwall to the west and south-west.
  5. Circumnavigation
    
    Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body. This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.
2. Francis Drake finishes his circumnavigation of the Earth in Plymouth, England.
  1. Francis Drake
    
    Sir Francis Drake was an English explorer, sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer, and politician. Drake is best known for his circumnavigation of the world in a single expedition, from 1577 to 1580. This included his incursion into the Pacific Ocean, until then an area of exclusive Spanish interest, and his claim to New Albion for England, an area in what is now the U.S. state of California. His expedition inaugurated an era of conflict with the Spanish on the western coast of the Americas, an area that had previously been largely unexplored by Western shipping.
  2. Francis Drake's circumnavigation
    
    Francis Drake's circumnavigation, also known as Drake's Raiding Expedition, was an important historical maritime event that took place between 15 December 1577 and 26 September 1580. Authorised by Queen Elizabeth I and led by Francis Drake; the latter sailed with five ships in what was termed a 'voyage of discovery', although in effect it was an ambitious covert raiding voyage and the start of England's challenge to the global domination of Spain and Portugal.
1493
1. Pope Alexander VI issued the papal bull Dudum siquidem, one of the Bulls of Donation, marking the beginning of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
  1. Pope Alexander VI
    
    Pope Alexander VI was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 August 1492 until his death in 1503.
  2. Papal bull
    
    A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Catholic Church. It is named after the leaden seal (bulla) that was traditionally appended to the end in order to authenticate it.
  3. Dudum siquidem
    
    Dudum siquidem is a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI Borgia on 26 September 1493, one of the Bulls of Donation addressed to the Catholic Monarchs Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon which supplemented the bull Inter caetera and purported to grant to them "all islands and mainlands whatsoever, found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered, that are or may be or may seem to be in the route of navigation or travel towards the west or south, whether they be in western parts, or in the regions of the south and east and of India".
  4. Bulls of Donation
    
    The Bulls of Donation, also called the Alexandrine Bulls, and the Papal donations of 1493, are three papal bulls of Pope Alexander VI delivered in 1493 which granted overseas territories to Portugal and the Catholic Monarchs of Spain.
  5. Spanish colonization of the Americas
    
    Spain began colonizing the Americas under the Crown of Castile and was spearheaded by the Spanish conquistadors. The Americas were invaded and incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, British America, and some small regions of South America and the Caribbean. The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the vast territory. The main motivations for colonial expansion were profit through resource extraction and the spread of Catholicism through indigenous conversions.
2. Pope Alexander VI issues the papal bull Dudum siquidem to the Spanish, extending the grant of new lands he made them in Inter caetera.
  1. Dudum siquidem
    
    Dudum siquidem is a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI Borgia on 26 September 1493, one of the Bulls of Donation addressed to the Catholic Monarchs Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon which supplemented the bull Inter caetera and purported to grant to them "all islands and mainlands whatsoever, found and to be found, discovered and to be discovered, that are or may be or may seem to be in the route of navigation or travel towards the west or south, whether they be in western parts, or in the regions of the south and east and of India".
  2. Inter caetera
    
    Inter caetera was a papal bull issued by Pope Alexander VI on the 4 May 1493, which granted to the Catholic Monarchs King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile all lands to the "west and south" of a pole-to-pole line 100 leagues west and south of any of the islands of the Azores or the Cape Verde islands.
1423
1. Hundred Years' War: A French army defeats the English at the Battle of La Brossinière.
  1. Hundred Years' War
    
    The Hundred Years' War was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. Over time, the war grew into a broader power struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fuelled by emerging nationalism on both sides.
  2. Battle of La Brossinière
    
    The Battle of La Brossinière or Battle of la Gravelle was a battle of the Hundred Years' War on 26 September 1423. It occurred at La Brossinière, between the forces of England and France, shortly after hostilities had resumed, following the battle of Agincourt (1415).
1371
1. Serbian–Turkish wars: Ottoman Turks fought against a Serbian army at the Battle of Maritsa.
  1. Battle of Maritsa
    
    The Battle of Maritsa or Battle of Chernomen took place at the Maritsa River near the village of Chernomen on 26 September 1371 between Ottoman forces commanded by Lala Şahin Pasha and Evrenos, and Serbian forces commanded by King Vukašin Mrnjavčević and his brother Despot Jovan Uglješa.
1345
1. Friso-Hollandic Wars: Frisians defeat Holland in the Battle of Warns.
  1. Battle of Warns
    
    The Battle of Warns was a battle of the Friso-Hollandic Wars between Count William IV of Holland and the Frisians which took place on 26 September 1345. The annual commemoration of the battle is important for many nationalist Frisians. The Frisians won the battle and repelled the 'Hollanders' from the eastern coast of the Zuiderzee.
1212
1. The Golden Bull of Sicily is issued to confirm the hereditary royal title in Bohemia for the Přemyslid dynasty.
  1. Golden Bull of Sicily
    
    The Golden Bull of Sicily was a decree issued by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in Basel on 26 September 1212 that confirmed the royal title obtained by Ottokar I of Bohemia in 1198, declaring him and his heirs Kings of Bohemia. The kingship signified the exceptional status of Bohemia within the Holy Roman Empire.
1087
1. William II, son of William the Conqueror, was crowned king of England.
  1. William II of England
    
    William II was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus, perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life.
  2. William the Conqueror
    
    William I, usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose.
  3. List of English monarchs
    
    This list of kings and reigning queens of the Kingdom of England begins with Alfred the Great, who initially ruled Wessex, one of the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which later made up modern England. Alfred styled himself King of the Anglo-Saxons from about 886, and while he was not the first king to claim to rule all of the English, his rule represents the start of the first unbroken line of kings to rule the whole of England, the House of Wessex.
2. William II is crowned King of England, and reigns until 1100.
  1. William II of England
    
    William II was King of England from 26 September 1087 until his death in 1100, with powers over Normandy and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending control into Wales. The third son of William the Conqueror, he is commonly referred to as William Rufus, perhaps because of his ruddy appearance or, more likely, due to having red hair as a child that grew out in later life.
715
1. Ragenfrid defeats Theudoald at the Battle of Compiègne.
  1. Battle of Compiègne
    
    The Battle of Compiègne was fought on 26 September 715 and was the first definite battle of the civil war which followed the death of Pepin of Heristal, Duke of the Franks, on 16 December 714.
-46
1. Julius Caesar dedicates a temple to Venus Genetrix, fulfilling a vow he made at the Battle of Pharsalus.
  1. Temple of Venus Genetrix
    
    The Temple of Venus Genetrix is a ruined temple in the Forum of Caesar, Rome, dedicated to the Roman goddess Venus Genetrix, the founding goddess of the Julian gens. It was dedicated to the goddess on September 26, 46 BCE by Julius Caesar.
  2. Battle of Pharsalus
    
    The Battle of Pharsalus was the decisive battle of Caesar's Civil War fought on 9 August 48 BC near Pharsalus in central Greece. Julius Caesar and his allies formed up opposite the army of the Roman Republic under the command of Pompey. Pompey had the backing of a majority of Roman senators and his army significantly outnumbered the veteran Caesarian legions.

Births & Deaths

2019
1. Jacques Chirac, French politician and President of France (b. 1932) deaths
  1. Jacques Chirac
    
    Jacques René Chirac was a French politician who served as President of France from 1995 to 2007. Chirac was previously Prime Minister of France from 1974 to 1976 and from 1986 to 1988, as well as Mayor of Paris from 1977 to 1995.
2015
1. Eudóxia Maria Froehlich, Brazilian zoologist (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Eudóxia Maria Froehlich
    
    Eudóxia Maria Froehlich was a Brazilian zoologist.
2. Sidney Phillips, American soldier, physician, and author (b. 1924) deaths
  1. Sidney Phillips
    
    Sidney Clarke Phillips, Jr. was a United States Marine, family practice physician, and author from Mobile, Alabama. He provided source material and interviews for the making of Ken Burns' PBS documentary film The War and the HBO miniseries The Pacific. His recollections revolve around his time as a young man fighting in the Pacific War.
3. Ana Seneviratne, Sri Lankan police officer and diplomat (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Ana Seneviratne
    
    Ganegoda Appuhamelage Don Edmund Ananda Seneviratne was a former Sri Lankan Inspector-General of Police, Sri Lankan High Commissioner to Malaysia, former adviser to Cabinet Minister of National Security and ex member Public Service Commission of Sri Lanka.
2014
1. Jim Boeke, American football player and coach (b. 1938) deaths
  1. Jim Boeke
    
    James Frederick Boeke was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the Los Angeles Rams, Dallas Cowboys and New Orleans Saints. He played college football at Heidelberg College.
2. Sam Hall, American screenwriter (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Sam Hall (writer)
    
    Allison Samuel Hall, known as Sam Hall, was a screenwriter known for his work in daytime soap operas, particularly Dark Shadows and One Life to Live. Hall also co-wrote the 1976 PBS miniseries The Adams Chronicles.
3. Gerald Neugebauer, American astronomer and physicist (b. 1932) deaths
  1. Gerry Neugebauer
    
    Gerhart "Gerry" Neugebauer was an American astronomer known for his pioneering work in infrared astronomy.
4. Tamir Sapir, Georgian-American businessman (b. 1946) deaths
  1. Tamir Sapir
    
    Tamir Sapir was a Georgian-born, Georgian-American businessman, real estate developer and investor. He was the founder of the Sapir Organization, a real estate investment firm based in New York City. Sapir originally made his fortune trading oil and fertilizers with the Soviet Union during the 1980s. He became a billionaire in 2002, with his wealth peaking in 2007 at US$2 billion, according to Forbes.
2013
1. Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician, 10th Menteri Besar of Kedah (b. 1944) deaths
  1. Azizan Abdul Razak
    
    Azizan bin Abdul Razak was a Malaysian politician who served as the 10th Menteri Besar of the state of Kedah from 2008 to 2013. A member of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), he was the first Chief Minister of Kedah from a party other than the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He held the seat of Sungai Limau in the Kedah state assembly from 2004 until his death in 2013. He was also the state commissioner for PAS in Kedah and a member of the central committee of the national party.
  2. Menteri Besar of Kedah
    
    The Menteri Besar of Kedah or the First Minister of Kedah is the head of government in the Malaysian state of Kedah. According to convention, the Menteri Besar is the leader of the majority party or largest coalition party of the Kedah State Legislative Assembly.
2. Seánie Duggan, Irish hurler (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Seánie Duggan
    
    Seán "Seánie" Duggan was an Irish hurler who played as a goalkeeper for the Galway senior team.
3. Mario Montez, Puerto Rican-American actor (b. 1935) deaths
  1. Mario Montez
    
    René Rivera,, known professionally as Mario Montez, was one of the Warhol superstars, appearing in thirteen of Andy Warhol's underground films from 1964 to 1966. He took his name as a male homage to the actress Maria Montez, an important gay icon in the 1950s and 1960s. Before appearing in Warhol's films, he appeared in Jack Smith's important underground films Flaming Creatures and Normal Love. Montez also stars in the Ron Rice film Chumlum, made in 1964. Mario Montez, was "a staple in the New York underground scene of the 1960s and '70s."
4. Sos Sargsyan, Armenian actor and director (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Sos Sargsyan
    
    Sos Sargsyan was a prominent Armenian actor, director and writer.
2012
1. M'el Dowd, American actress and singer (b. 1933) deaths
  1. M'el Dowd
    
    Mary Ellen Dowd was an American stage, musical theatre and film actress, and singer, whose career spanned half a century. Beginning in Shakespeare roles and films in the 1950s, Dowd continued to perform on stage, film and television into the 21st century. A frequent performer on Broadway in the 1960s, Dowd originated the role of Morgan le Fay in the musical Camelot.
2. Sylvia Fedoruk, Canadian physicist and politician, 17th Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Sylvia Fedoruk
    
    Sylvia Olga Fedoruk was a Canadian physicist, medical physicist, curler and the 17th Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan.
  2. Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan
    
    The lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan is the viceregal representative in Saskatchewan of the Canadian monarch, King Charles III, who operates distinctly within the province but is also shared equally with the ten other jurisdictions of Canada, as well as the other Commonwealth realms and any subdivisions thereof, and resides predominantly in his oldest realm, the United Kingdom. The lieutenant governor of Saskatchewan is appointed in the same manner as the other provincial viceroys in Canada and is similarly tasked with carrying out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The current lieutenant governor is Russell Mirasty, who was appointed on July 17, 2019, following the death in office of Lieutenant Governor W. Thomas Molloy, on July 2, 2019.
3. Eugene Genovese, American historian and author (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Eugene Genovese
    
    Eugene Dominic Genovese was an American historian of the American South and American slavery. He was noted for bringing a Marxist perspective to the study of power, class and relations between planters and slaves in the South. His book Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made won the Bancroft Prize. He later abandoned the left and Marxism and embraced traditionalist conservatism.
4. Sam Steiger, American journalist and politician (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Sam Steiger
    
    Samuel Steiger was an American politician, journalist, political pundit. He served five terms as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, two terms in the Arizona State Senate, and one term as mayor of Prescott, Arizona. Steiger also made an unsuccessful run for the U.S. Senate, served as a special assistant to Arizona Governor Evan Mecham, and hosted political talk shows on both radio and television. Despite these accomplishments, Steiger is best known for two incidents: The first, while he was a sitting Congressman, was the 1975 killing of two burros. The second was painting a crosswalk between Prescott's courthouse and nearby Whiskey Row.
2011
1. Bob Cassilly, American sculptor, founded the City Museum (b. 1949) deaths
  1. Bob Cassilly
    
    Robert James Cassilly Jr. was an American sculptor, entrepreneur, and creative director based in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1997, Cassilly founded the idiosyncratic City Museum, which draws over 700,000 visitors a year and is one of the city's leading tourist attractions.
  2. City Museum
    
    City Museum is a museum whose exhibits consist largely of repurposed architectural and industrial objects, housed in the former International Shoe building in the Washington Avenue Loft District of St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Opened in October 1997, the museum attracted more than 700,000 visitors in 2010.
2010
1. Terry Newton, English rugby player (b. 1978) deaths
  1. Terry Newton
    
    Terry Newton was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Lancashire, and at club level for the Leeds Rhinos, the Wigan Warriors, Bradford Bulls and Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, and was one of a handful of players to feature in each of the first 15 seasons of Super League. In February 2010, he was given a two-year ban after being one of the first sportsmen to have tested positive for human growth hormone. He was found hanged in his home seven months later.
2. Gloria Stuart, American actress (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Gloria Stuart
    
    Gloria Frances Stuart was an American actress, visual artist, and activist. She was known for her roles in Pre-Code films, and garnered renewed fame late in life for her portrayal of Rose DeWitt Bukater in James Cameron's epic romance Titanic (1997), the highest-grossing film of all time at the time. Her performance in the film won her a Screen Actors Guild Award and earned her nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture.
2008
1. Marc Moulin, Belgian keyboard player, producer, and journalist (b. 1942) deaths
  1. Marc Moulin
    
    Marc Moulin was a Belgian musician and journalist. In the early-mid seventies, he was the leader of the jazz-rock group Placebo. He went on to become a member of the avant-rock band Aksak Maboul in 1977 and also formed the pop group Telex in 1978. Moulin was one of Belgium's jazz legends, making jazz-influenced records for over 30 years.
2. Paul Newman, American actor, director, producer, and businessman (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Paul Newman
    
    Paul Leonard Newman was an American actor, film director, race car driver, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He was the recipient of numerous awards, including an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, three Golden Globe Awards, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Primetime Emmy Award, a Silver Bear, a Cannes Film Festival Award, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.
2007
1. Bill Wirtz, American businessman (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Bill Wirtz
    
    William Wadsworth Wirtz was the chief executive officer and controlling shareholder of the family-owned Wirtz Corporation. He was best known as the owner of the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League, who are part of Wirtz Corp's holdings. Wirtz also served as the Blackhawks' team president for over four decades.
2006
1. Byron Nelson, American golfer and coach (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Byron Nelson
    
    John Byron Nelson Jr. was an American professional golfer between 1935 and 1946, widely considered one of the greatest golfers of all time.
2. Iva Toguri D'Aquino, American wartime propaganda broadcaster (b. 1916) deaths
  1. Iva Toguri D'Aquino
    
    Iva Ikuko Toguri D'Aquino was a Japanese-American disc jockey and radio personality who participated in English-language radio broadcasts transmitted by Radio Tokyo to Allied troops in the South Pacific during World War II on The Zero Hour radio show.
2005
1. Helen Cresswell, English author and screenwriter (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Helen Cresswell
    
    Helen Cresswell was an English television scriptwriter and author of more than 100 children's books, best known for comedy and supernatural fiction. Her most popular book series, Lizzie Dripping and The Bagthorpe Saga, were also the basis for television series.
2004
1. Marianna Komlos, Canadian bodybuilder, model, and wrestler (b. 1969) deaths
  1. Marianna Komlos
    
    Marianna Komlos was a Canadian bodybuilder, fitness model and professional wrestling manager. She is perhaps best known for her stint in World Wrestling Federation in 1999 as Marianna and "Mrs. Cleavage", where she was the Manager and "mother" for a wrestler known as "Beaver Cleavage", a parody of the TV show Leave It To Beaver. Following the termination of the Beaver Cleavage gimmick in a scripted 'storm out' by Charles Warrington due to the absurdity of the gimmick, Marianna was portrayed as the girlfriend of Warrington, going by the name of 'Chaz'.
2003
1. Shawn Lane, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1963) deaths
  1. Shawn Lane
    
    Shawn Lane was an American musician who released two studio albums and collaborated with a variety of musicians including Ringo Starr, Kris Kristofferson, Johnny Cash, Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Reggie Young, Joe Walsh, Jonas Hellborg, Anders Johansson, Jens Johansson and many others. After studying the piano, he mastered the guitar, which he played with exceptional speed.
2. Robert Palmer, English singer-songwriter (b. 1949) deaths
  1. Robert Palmer (singer)
    
    Robert Allen Palmer was an English singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He was known for his powerful, soulful voice and sartorial elegance, and for his stylistic explorations, combining soul, funk, jazz, rock, pop, reggae, and blues. While his "four-decade career incorporated every genre of music", Palmer is best known "for the pounding rock-soul classic, "Addicted to Love", and its accompanying video, which came to epitomise the glamour and excesses of the 1980s."
2001
1. Xinyu Wang, Chinese tennis player births
  1. Wang Xinyu
    
    Wang Xinyu is a Chinese tennis player.
2000
1. Princess Salma bint Abdullah, Jordanian princess births
  1. Princess Salma bint Abdullah
    
    Princess Salma bint Abdullah is the second daughter and third child of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania of Jordan.
2. Frankie Amaya, American soccer player births
  1. Frankie Amaya
    
    Franuel "Frankie" Amaya is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Major League Soccer club New York Red Bulls. Born in Santa Ana, California, Amaya played with youth club Pateadores before playing college soccer for the UCLA Bruins. Following his freshman season with the Bruins, Amaya was selected with the first overall pick in the 2019 MLS SuperDraft by expansion club FC Cincinnati.
3. Richard Mulligan, American actor (b. 1932) deaths
  1. Richard Mulligan
    
    Richard Mulligan was an American character actor known for his roles in the sitcoms Soap (1977–1981) and Empty Nest (1988–1995),. Mulligan was the winner of two Emmy Awards and one Golden Globe Award (1989). Mulligan was the younger brother of film director Robert Mulligan.
4. Baden Powell de Aquino, Brazilian guitarist and composer (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Baden Powell (guitarist)
    
    Baden Powell de Aquino, known professionally as Baden Powell, was a Brazilian guitarist. He combined classical techniques with popular harmony and swing. He performed in many styles, including bossa nova, samba, Brazilian jazz, Latin jazz and MPB. He performed on stage during most of his lifetime. Powell composed many pieces for guitar, such as "Abração em Madrid", "Braziliense", "Canto de Ossanha", "Casa Velha", "Consolação", "Horizon", "Imagem", "Lotus", "Samba", "Samba Triste", "Simplesmente", "Tristeza e Solidão", and "Samba da Benção". He released Os Afro-sambas, a watershed album in MPB, with Vinicius de Moraes in 1966.
1999
1. Oseola McCarty, American philanthropist (b. 1908) deaths
  1. Oseola McCarty
    
    Oseola McCarty was a local washerwoman in Hattiesburg, Mississippi who became The University of Southern Mississippi's (USM) most famous benefactor.
1998
1. Betty Carter, American singer (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Betty Carter
    
    Betty Carter was an American jazz singer known for her improvisational technique, scatting and other complex musical abilities that demonstrated her vocal talent and imaginative interpretation of lyrics and melodies. Vocalist Carmen McRae once remarked: "There's really only one jazz singer—only one: Betty Carter."
1997
1. Dorothy Kingsley, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1909) deaths
  1. Dorothy Kingsley
    
    Dorothy Kingsley was an American screenwriter, who worked extensively in film, radio and television.
1996
1. Jessika Ponchet, French tennis player births
  1. Jessika Ponchet
    
    Jessika Ponchet is a French professional tennis player. She has career-high WTA rankings of 152 in singles, and 124 in doubles.
2. Nicu Ceaușescu, Romanian politician (b. 1951) deaths
  1. Nicu Ceaușescu
    
    Nicu Ceaușescu was a Romanian physicist and communist politician who was the youngest child of Romanian leaders Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu. He was a close associate of his father's political regime and considered the President's heir presumptive.
1995
1. Miloš Veljković, Serbian footballer births
  1. Miloš Veljković
    
    Miloš Veljković is a professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Werder Bremen. Born in Switzerland, he represents Serbia at international level.
2. Kalju Pitksaar, Estonian chess player (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Kalju Pitksaar
    
    Kalju Pitksaar was an Estonian chess player, who won the Estonian Chess Championship.
1994
1. Lucas Gafarot, Spanish footballer births
  1. Lucas Gafarot
    
    Lucas Gafarot Santacatalina, known as simply Lucas, is a Spanish footballer who plays as a left back.
2. Jack Conger, American swimmer births
  1. Jack Conger
    
    John "Jack" Peet Conger is an American competition swimmer who specializes in butterfly and freestyle events. He is an Olympic gold medalist in the 4 × 200 m freestyle relay from the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro and the current American record-holder in the 200-yard butterfly with a time of 1:37.35.
1993
1. Michael Kidd-Gilchrist, American basketball player births
  1. Michael Kidd-Gilchrist
    
    Michael Anthony Edward Kidd-Gilchrist is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Kidd-Gilchrist was drafted second overall by the Charlotte Bobcats in the 2012 NBA draft. He played for the University of Kentucky men's basketball team from 2011 to 2012.
1992
1. Yoo Ara, South Korean singer and actress births
  1. Yoo Ara
    
    Yoo Ara is a South Korean singer and actress, known for her work as a former member of the South Korean girl group Hello Venus.
1991
1. Dan Preston, English footballer births
  1. Dan Preston
    
    Daniel Sean Preston is an English footballer who plays as a defender for Northern Premier League Division One Midlands club Bedworth United.
2. Alma Jodorowsky, French actress, fashion model and singer births
  1. Alma Jodorowsky
    
    Alma Jodorowsky is a French actress, fashion model and singer.
3. Réka Demeter, Hungarian football defender births
  1. Réka Demeter
    
    Réka Demeter is a Hungarian football defender, currently playing for UE L'Estartit in Spain's Primera División. She previously played for Ferencváros and MTK Hungária FC in Hungary's Noi NB I.
4. Billy Vaughn, American singer and bandleader (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Billy Vaughn
    
    Richard Smith "Billy" Vaughn was an American singer, multi-instrumentalist, orchestra leader, and A&R man for Dot Records.
1990
1. Hiram Abas, Turkish intelligence officer (b. 1932) deaths
  1. Hiram Abas
    
    Hiram Abas was a Turkish intelligence official in the National Intelligence Organization (MIT). He retired after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, but returned in August 1986 as deputy to MIT chief Hayri Ündül, retiring again in 1988. He was assassinated on 26 September 1990 by leftwing revolutionary group Dev Sol.
2. Alberto Moravia, Italian author and critic (b. 1907) deaths
  1. Alberto Moravia
    
    Alberto Moravia was an Italian novelist and journalist. His novels explored matters of modern sexuality, social alienation and existentialism. Moravia is best known for his debut novel Gli indifferenti and for the anti-fascist novel Il Conformista, the basis for the film The Conformist (1970) directed by Bernardo Bertolucci. Other novels of his adapted for the cinema are Agostino, filmed with the same title by Mauro Bolognini in 1962; Il disprezzo, filmed by Jean-Luc Godard as Le Mépris ; La Noia (Boredom), filmed with that title by Damiano Damiani in 1963 and released in the US as The Empty Canvas in 1964 and La ciociara, filmed by Vittorio De Sica as Two Women (1960). Cédric Kahn's L'Ennui (1998) is another version of La Noia.
1989
1. Chinami Suzuki, Japanese model, television host, and actress births
  1. Chinami Suzuki
    
    Chinami Suzuki is a Japanese model. She also works as a television presenter and actress. She comes from Gifu Prefecture. In 2009, while a university student, she was selected as the Toray swimwear girl. She is currently under an exclusive contract with the fashion magazine With.
2. Jonny Bairstow, English and Yorkshire Wicketkeeper/Batsman births
  1. Jonny Bairstow
    
    Jonathan Marc Bairstow is an English cricketer who plays internationally for England in all formats. In domestic cricket, he represents Yorkshire, and has played in multiple Twenty20 leagues, including for Sunrisers Hyderabad and Punjab Kings in the Indian Premier League.
3. Hemanta Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Indian singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Hemant Kumar
    
    Hemanta Mukhopadhyay, known professionally as Hemant Kumar and Hemanta Mukherjee, was a legendary Indian music composer and playback singer who primarily sang in Bengali and Hindi, as well as other Indian languages like Marathi, Gujarati, Odia, Assamese, Tamil, Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Konkani, Sanskrit and Urdu. He was an artist of Bengali and Hindi film music, Rabindra Sangeet, and many other genres. He was the recipient of two National Awards for Best Male Playback Singer and was popularly known as the "voice of God". He Completed his B.E & M.Tech Engineering Degree from Jadavpur University.
1988
1. James Blake, English singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. James Blake (musician)
    
    James Blake Litherland is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. He first received recognition for a series of 2010 EPs including CMYK and Klavierwerke, and he released his self-titled debut album in 2011 to critical praise. His second album Overgrown was released in 2013, bringing him to international attention, and later was awarded the Mercury Prize. In 2016, he released his third album The Colour in Anything and his fourth album Assume Form in 2019, both receiving positive reviews and the latter becoming his highest-peaking album in the US Billboard 200, at number 21.
2. Kiira Korpi, Finnish figure skater births
  1. Kiira Korpi
    
    Kiira Linda Katriina Korpi is a Finnish figure skater. She is a three-time European medalist, the 2010 Trophée Eric Bompard champion, the 2012 Rostelecom Cup champion, a two-time Cup of China medalist, and a five-time Finnish national champion. She retired from competitive skating in August 2015.
3. Branko Zebec, Yugoslav football player and coach (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Branko Zebec
    
    Branislav "Branko" Zebec was a Croatian footballer and manager who played for Yugoslavia.
1987
1. Rosanna Munter, Swedish singer-songwriter births
  1. Rosanna Munter
    
    Rosanna Bella Victoria Eriksdotter Munter is a former child actress and recording artist from Sweden. She is best known as a former member of the Swedish girl group Play and was in a collaborative project with White Lies bassist Charles Cave titled K.I.D.S.
2. Vladimir Niculescu, Romanian professional football player births
  1. Vladimir Niculescu
    
    Vladimir Niculescu is a Romanian professional football player, who plays as a goalkeeper. He is a free agent.
3. Cyril Gautier, French road bicycle racer births
  1. Cyril Gautier
    
    Cyril Gautier is a French road bicycle racer, who currently rides for UCI ProTeam B&B Hotels p/b KTM. He was named in the start list for the 2015 Vuelta a España.
4. Ramang, Indonesian footballer and manager (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Ramang
    
    Andi Ramang was an Indonesian footballer. He is widely considered by Indonesian football experts and former players as one of the greatest players in the history of Indonesian football. He is particularly known for his bicycle kicks and ability to score goals from right corner kicks. He was also referred to as Rusli Ramang in official FIFA documents.
5. Herbert Tichy, Austrian geologist, journalist, and mountaineer (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Herbert Tichy
    
    Herbert Tichy was an Austrian writer, geologist, journalist and climber.
1986
1. Sean Doolittle, American baseball player births
  1. Sean Doolittle
    
    Sean Robert Doolittle is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Washington Nationals organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics, Cincinnati Reds, Seattle Mariners and Nationals. He won the 2019 World Series with the Nationals, earning a save in game one.
1984
1. Nev Schulman, American photographer, television host, and producer births
  1. Nev Schulman
    
    Yaniv "Nev" Schulman is an American TV host and producer. He is best known for the 2010 documentary film Catfish and the follow up TV series Catfish: The TV Show on MTV of which he is the host and executive producer.
2. Paquirri, Spanish bullfighter (b. 1948) deaths
  1. Paquirri
    
    Francisco Rivera Pérez, known as Paquirri, was a Spanish bullfighter.
3. John Facenda, American sportscaster (b. 1913) deaths
  1. John Facenda
    
    John Thomas Ralph Augustine James Facenda was an American broadcaster and sports announcer. He was a fixture on Philadelphia radio and television for decades, and achieved national fame as a narrator for NFL Films and Football Follies. Through his work with NFL Films, Facenda was known by many National Football League fans as "The Voice of God".
1983
1. D'Qwell Jackson, American football player births
  1. D'Qwell Jackson
    
    D'Qwell Jackson is a former American football inside linebacker who played eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Maryland, and was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He has also played for the Indianapolis Colts.
2. Archimede Morleo, Italian footballer births
  1. Archimede Morleo
    
    Archimede Morleo is an Italian footballer who plays for Eccellenza Apulia club Casarano.
3. Ricardo Quaresma, Portuguese footballer births
  1. Ricardo Quaresma
    
    Ricardo Andrade Quaresma Bernardo is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a winger.
1982
1. Rob Burrow, English rugby player births
  1. Rob Burrow
    
    Robert Geoffrey Burrow is an English former professional rugby league player. An England and Great Britain representative, he spent his entire 16-year professional career with Leeds Rhinos in the Super League, making over 400 appearances between 2001 and 2017. At 5 ft 5 in (165 cm) tall and weighing less than 11 st, Burrow was known for many years as "the smallest player in Super League". Despite this, he was one of the most successful players in the competition's history, winning eight Super League championships, two Challenge Cups, being named to the Super League Dream Team on three occasions and winning the Harry Sunderland Trophy twice.
2. Simon Picone, Italian rugby player births
  1. Simon Picone
    
    Simon Picone is an Italian rugby union player for Benetton Treviso in the Pro14 competition. He was born in Viterbo.
3. John Scott, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. John Scott (ice hockey, born 1982)
    
    John Howard Scott is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman/winger. A professional player for nearly 10 seasons, Scott saw National Hockey League action with the Minnesota Wild, Chicago Blackhawks, New York Rangers, San Jose Sharks, Buffalo Sabres, Arizona Coyotes and Montreal Canadiens. Scott was born in Edmonton, Alberta, but grew up in St. Catharines, Ontario. He graduated from Michigan Technological University in 2006.
4. Miguel Alfredo Portillo, Argentinian footballer births
  1. Miguel Alfredo Portillo
    
    Miguel Alfredo Portillo, nicknamed Pipo, is a football defender from Argentina who currently plays for the Swiss regional side FC Köniz.
5. Jon Richardson, English comedian and radio host births
  1. Jon Richardson
    
    Jon Joel Richardson is an English comedian. He is known for his appearances on 8 Out of 10 Cats and 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown and his work as co-host with Russell Howard on BBC 6 Music. He is the presenter of Jon Richardson: Ultimate Worrier, and also featured with his wife in the TV show Meet the Richardsons.
6. Alec Hurwood, Australian cricketer (b. 1902) deaths
  1. Alec Hurwood
    
    Alexander Hurwood, was an Australian cricketer who played in two Tests in the 1930-31 season.
1981
1. Yao Beina, Chinese singer (d. 2015) births
  1. Yao Beina
    
    Yao Beina, also known as Bella Yao, was a Chinese singer and songwriter. She debuted as the diva of the musical theater Jin Sha (金沙) in 2005. After her graduation from China Conservatory of Music in the same year, she joined the Chinese Song and Dance Ensemble in the Political Department of the People's Liberation Army Navy as a professional singer. She performed as one of the singing assistants at Song Zuying's solo concert at the Kennedy Center, Washington D.C. in 2006.
2. Christina Milian, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress births
  1. Christina Milian
    
    Christine Marie Flores, better known as Christina Milian, is an American actress and singer. Born in Jersey City, New Jersey, but raised in Maryland, she signed a contract with Murder Inc. Records at the age of 19. In 2001, Milian released her self-titled debut album, which featured the singles "AM to PM" and "When You Look at Me"; the former charted within the Top 40 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and both peaked in the top three on the UK Singles Chart. In 2004, Milian released her second studio album It's About Time, which provided her first major U.S. hit, "Dip It Low", which reached number five on the U.S. Billboard chart. "Whatever U Want" was released as the album's second single. Both singles charted within the Top 10 of the UK chart.
3. Ayumi Tsunematsu, Japanese voice actress births
  1. Ayumi Tsunematsu
    
    Ayumi Tsunematsu is a Japanese voice actress.
4. Kanako Urai, Japanese professional wrestler births
  1. Asuka (wrestler)
    
    Kanako Urai is a Japanese professional wrestler. She is signed to WWE, where she performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Asuka .
5. Serena Williams, American tennis player births
  1. Serena Williams
    
    Serena Jameka Williams is an American inactive professional tennis player. Considered among the greatest tennis players of all time, she was ranked world No. 1 in singles by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for 319 weeks, including a joint-record 186 consecutive weeks, and finished as the year-end No. 1 five times. She won 23 Grand Slam singles titles, the most by any player in the Open Era, and the second-most of all time.
1980
1. Patrick Friesacher, Austrian race car driver births
  1. Patrick Friesacher
    
    Patrick Friesacher is an Austrian racing driver. He is the longest-serving Red Bull driver, and also drove for the Minardi Formula One team during the first half of the 2005 season.
2. Brooks Orpik, American ice hockey player births
  1. Brooks Orpik
    
    Richard Brooks Orpik is an American former professional ice hockey defenseman who played for the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League (NHL). A stay-at-home defenseman and locker room leader, Orpik is a two-time Stanley Cup champion, winning with the Penguins in 2009 and with the Capitals in 2018.
3. Daniel Sedin, Swedish ice hockey player births
  1. Daniel Sedin
    
    Daniel Hans Sedin is a Swedish professional ice hockey executive and former professional ice hockey winger who played his entire 17-season National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Vancouver Canucks from 2000 to 2018. Born and raised in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden, Sedin and his identical twin brother Henrik played together throughout their careers; the pair were renowned for their effectiveness as a tandem. During his career, Daniel was known as a goal-scorer, while Henrik was known as a playmaker. Sedin tallied 393 goals and 648 assists in 1,306 games played in the NHL, ranking him as the Canucks' second-highest points scorer all time, behind only his brother Henrik.
4. Henrik Sedin, Swedish ice hockey player births
  1. Henrik Sedin
    
    Henrik Lars Sedin is a Swedish ice hockey executive and former professional ice hockey centre who played his entire 17-season National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Vancouver Canucks from 2000 to 2018. He additionally served as the Canucks' captain from 2010 until his retirement. Born and raised in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden, Sedin and his identical twin brother Daniel played together throughout their careers; the pair were renowned for their effectiveness as a tandem. Henrik, a skilled passer, was known as a playmaker while Daniel was known as a goal-scorer. Sedin tallied 240 goals and 830 assists, for 1,070 points, in 1,330 NHL games, ranking him as the Canucks' all-time leading points scorer.
1979
1. Jon Harley, English footballer births
  1. Jon Harley
    
    Jon Harley is an English former professional footballer.
2. Simon Kirch, German sprinter births
  1. Simon Kirch
    
    Simon Kirch is a German track and field athlete specialised in the 400 metres. A two time national champion, Kirch participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing as part of the German 4 × 400m relay team which failed to reach the final.
3. Naomichi Marufuji, Japanese wrestler births
  1. Naomichi Marufuji
    
    Naomichi Marufuji is a Japanese professional wrestler who competes for Pro Wrestling Noah, with occasional appearances in other professional wrestling promotions including New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), Ring of Honor (ROH), and Impact Wrestling. Marufuji is a four-time GHC Heavyweight Champion, as well as the first of two men to win Junior Heavyweight Championships in all three major Japanese promotions. In 2009, he was appointed to the position of Vice President of Pro Wrestling Noah, and has retained the position since, being reappointed in September 2011.
4. Fuifui Moimoi, Tongan-New Zealand rugby league player births
  1. Fuifui Moimoi
    
    Fuifui Moimoi is a rugby league footballer who plays as a prop.
5. Cameron Mooney, Australian footballer births
  1. Cameron Mooney
    
    Cameron Mooney is a former Australian rules footballer who played with the North Melbourne and Geelong Football Clubs in the Australian Football League (AFL). A forward, 1.97 metres tall and weighing 99 kilograms (218 lb), Mooney is renowned for his passion, as well as his poor tribunal history where he holds the record for the most suspensions in a single season by a VFL/AFL player.
6. Jaycie Phelps, American gymnast births
  1. Jaycie Phelps
    
    Jaycie Lynn Phelps is a retired American Olympic gymnast and member of the 1996 Olympic gold medal U.S. women's gymnastics team, the Magnificent Seven. She is known for her consistency and clean lines in her gymnastics.
7. Taavi Rõivas, Estonian politician, 16th Prime Minister of Estonia births
  1. Taavi Rõivas
    
    Taavi Rõivas is a Estonian politician, former Prime Minister of Estonia from 2014 to 2016 and former leader of the Reform Party. Before his term as the Prime Minister, Rõivas was the Minister of Social Affairs from 2012 to 2014. On 9 November 2016 his second cabinet dissolved after coalition partners, Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica and Social Democratic Party, sided with the opposition in a no confidence motion. At the end of 2020, Rõivas announced quitting politics, and resigned from his parliament seat.
  2. Prime Minister of Estonia
    
    The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the president after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the parliament (Riigikogu). In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the president's nomination and choose their own candidate. In practice, since the prime minister must maintain the confidence of Parliament in order to remain in office, they are usually the leader of the senior partner in the governing coalition. The current prime minister is Kaja Kallas of the Reform Party. She took the office on 26 January 2021 following the resignation of Jüri Ratas.
8. Jacob Tierney, Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter births
  1. Jacob Tierney
    
    Jacob Daniel Tierney is a Canadian actor, director, and screenwriter. Known for his role of Eric in Are You Afraid of the Dark? (1990-1992) and Pastor Glen in Letterkenny (2016-2021).
9. Arthur Hunnicutt, American actor (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Arthur Hunnicutt
    
    Arthur Lee Hunnicutt was an American actor known for his portrayal of wise, grizzled, and old rural characters. He received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Big Sky (1952). He was also known for his role in the Western television series Sugarfoot (1957–1961).
1978
1. Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot, Kenyan runner births
  1. Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot
    
    Robert "Mwafrika" Kipkoech Cheruiyot, sometimes known as Omar Ahmed, is a Kenyan marathon runner and is the former record holder and four-time winner of the Boston Marathon.
2. Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1886) deaths
  1. Manne Siegbahn
    
    Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn FRS(For) HFRSE was a Swedish physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy".
  2. Nobel Prize in Physics
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physics is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for humankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.
1977
1. Kerem Özyeğen, Turkish singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Kerem Özyeğen
    
    Mazhar Kerem Özyeğen is the lead guitarist and one of the backing singers in the Turkish rock group Mor ve Ötesi. Previously played and sang in punk-rock group Spark, and later in a jazz-rock group Crusiana.
2. Aka Plu, Japanese comedian and actor births
  1. Aka Plu
    
    Yuko Matsuoka , better known as Aka Plu , is a Japanese comedian who is represented by the talent agency, Ohta Production. Her old stage name was Akai Plutonium . Her husband is Shingo Matsuoka which they were a comedy duo called Aka Plu to Danna.
3. Uday Shankar, Indian dancer and choreographer (b. 1900) deaths
  1. Uday Shankar
    
    Uday Shankar was an Indian dancer and choreographer, best known for creating a fusion style of dance, adapting European theatrical techniques to Indian classical dance, imbued with elements of Indian classical, folk, and tribal dance, which he later popularised in India, Europe, and the United States in 1920s and 1930s. He was a pioneer of modern dance in India.
1976
1. Michael Ballack, German footballer births
  1. Michael Ballack
    
    Michael Ballack is a German former professional footballer. He is among the top goal scorers in the history of the German national team. Ballack wore the number 13 shirt for every team he has played for, except 1. FC Kaiserslautern. He was selected by Pelé as one of FIFA's 100 Greatest Living Players, and as the UEFA Club Midfielder of the Year in 2002. He won the German Footballer of the Year award three times – in 2002, 2003 and 2005. Ballack was known for his passing range, powerful shot, physical strength and commanding presence in midfield.
2. Sami Vänskä, Finnish bass player births
  1. Sami Vänskä
    
    Sami Vänskä is the former bassist of Finnish symphonic metal band Nightwish.
3. Leopold Ružička, Croatian-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Leopold Ružička
    
    Leopold Ružička was a Croatian-Swiss scientist and joint winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" "including the first chemical synthesis of male sex hormones." He worked most of his life in Switzerland, and received eight doctor honoris causa in science, medicine, and law; seven prizes and medals; and twenty-four honorary memberships in chemical, biochemical, and other scientific societies.
  2. Nobel Prize in Chemistry
    
    The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
1975
1. Emma Härdelin, Swedish singer and violinist births
  1. Emma Härdelin
    
    Emma Härdelin is a Swedish musician. She is a violinist and lead singer in folk-rock band Garmarna, which she joined in 1993 for their first album, and also lead singer for the folk band Triakel.
2. Jake Paltrow, American director and screenwriter births
  1. Jake Paltrow
    
    Jake Paltrow is an American film director, screenwriter and actor. Coming from a family of actors, he is the younger brother of Gwyneth Paltrow and the son of Bruce Paltrow and Blythe Danner.
3. Chiara Schoras, German actress births
  1. Chiara Schoras
    
    Chiara Schoras is a German actress.
1974
1. Boris Cepeda, German-Ecuadorian pianist and diplomat births
  1. Boris Cepeda
    
    Boris Cepeda is a German-Ecuadorian Pianist and Diplomat.
2. Gary Hall Jr., American swimmer births
  1. Gary Hall Jr.
    
    Gary Wayne Hall Jr. is an American former competition swimmer who represented the United States at the 1996, 2000, and 2004 Olympics and won ten Olympic medals. He is a former world record-holder in two relay events. Hall is well known for his "pro-wrestling like" antics before a competition; frequently strutting onto the pool deck in boxing shorts and robe, shadow boxing and flexing for the audience.
3. Martin Müürsepp, Estonian basketball player and coach births
  1. Martin Müürsepp
    
    Martin Müürsepp is an Estonian professional basketball coach and former player, who is the head coach of BC Rakvere Tarvas of the Estonian-Latvian Basketball League. Widely regarded as one of Estonia's greatest basketball players of all time, he is the only Estonian to have played in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
1973
1. Marty Casey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Marty Casey
    
    Martin Xavier "Marty" Casey is an American rock musician who is the lead singer, primary songwriter and second guitarist of the band Lovehammers. After years of building a strong local following in Chicago, Illinois and the Midwest, Casey achieved international fame on the first season of the reality show Rock Star: INXS. Casey made it to the final two of the competition, finishing as the runner-up to winner J.D. Fortune. Although he was not chosen as the new singer for INXS, he was invited to tour as opening act. In 2006, Marty Casey and the Lovehammers opened on the first leg of the INXS Switched On Tour. Marty was a fan favorite on Rock Star: INXS, receiving the most viewer votes, and topping the download charts with his performances of both covers and original material.
2. Julienne Davis, American actress, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Julienne Davis
    
    Julienne Davis is an American actress, singer, and model. She was born in Los Angeles, California.
3. Chris Small, Scottish snooker player and coach births
  1. Chris Small
    
    Christopher Small is a retired Scottish professional snooker player and now a qualified snooker coach. His playing career was ended by the spinal condition ankylosing spondylitis.
4. Olga Vasdeki, Greek triple jumper births
  1. Olga Vasdeki
    
    Olga Vasdeki is a Greek triple jumper.
5. Samuel Flagg Bemis, American historian and author (b. 1891) deaths
  1. Samuel Flagg Bemis
    
    Samuel Flagg Bemis was an American historian and biographer. For many years he taught at Yale University. He was also President of the American Historical Association and a specialist in American diplomatic history. He was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes. Jerald A. Combs says he was "the greatest of all historians of early American diplomacy."
6. Ralph Earnhardt, American race car driver (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Ralph Earnhardt
    
    Ralph Lee Earnhardt was an American stock car racer. He was the father of 7 time NASCAR Cup Series champion Dale Earnhardt, grandfather of Kerry Earnhardt, Kelley Earnhardt Miller, Dale Earnhardt Jr., and Taylor Earnhardt Putnam and great grandfather of Bobby Dale Earnhardt and Jeffrey Earnhardt. Earnhardt helped give Bobby Isaac his start in racing.
7. Anna Magnani, Italian actress and singer (b. 1908) deaths
  1. Anna Magnani
    
    Anna Maria Magnani was an Italian actress. She was known for her explosive acting and earthy, realistic portrayals of characters.
1972
1. Ras Kass, American rapper and producer births
  1. Ras Kass
    
    John R. Austin II, better known by his stage name Ras Kass, is an American rapper. He is a member of the hip hop supergroup The HRSMN, along with Canibus, Killah Priest, and Kurupt in 2014. He is also a member of the group Golden State Warriors with Xzibit and Saafir. About.com ranked him No. 30 on their list of the Top 50 MCs of Our Time (1987–2007), while Pitchfork Media called him "one of the best rappers of all time."
2. Beto O'Rourke, American politician births
  1. Beto O'Rourke
    
    Robert Francis "Beto" O'Rourke is an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 16th congressional district from 2013 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, O'Rourke was the party's nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2018, a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020, and was the Democratic nominee for the 2022 Texas gubernatorial election.
3. Shawn Stockman, American singer births
  1. Shawn Stockman
    
    Shawn Patrick Stockman is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as a member of the vocal group Boyz II Men.
4. Charles Correll, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1890) deaths
  1. Charles Correll
    
    Charles James Correll was an American radio comedian, actor and writer, known best for his work in the radio series Amos 'n' Andy with Freeman Gosden. Correll voiced the main character Andy Brown, along with various lesser characters.
1970
1. Daryl Beattie, Australian motorcycle racer births
  1. Daryl Beattie
    
    Daryl Beattie is a former Grand Prix solo motorcycle road racer.
2. Sheri Moon Zombie, American actress and fashion designer births
  1. Sheri Moon Zombie
    
    Sheri Moon Zombie is an American actress, model, dancer and fashion designer.
3. David Parland, Swedish guitarist (d. 2013) births
  1. David Parland
    
    David Parland was a Swedish metal guitarist, best known for his work in the bands Dark Funeral, Necrophobic and Infernal, all of which he was one of the founding members.
1969
1. Andy Petterson, Australian footballer and coach births
  1. Andy Petterson
    
    Andrew Keith Petterson is an Australian former footballer who last played for ECU Joondalup in the Western Australian Premier League. He became the club's Technical Director in 2013 as part of the club's acceptance into National Premier Leagues WA. Last time as a Head Goalkeeper Coach at Indonesian Liga 1 Champions Bali United FC after holding a similar position at PSIS Semarang who also play in the Indonesian Liga 1 in 2018. Was Head Goalkeeper Coach/ Assistant Coach at Ilocos United FC who competed in the Inaugural Season of the Philippine Football League (2017). Was Perth Glory FC Westfield W League Goalkeeper Coach (2015-2017). Inducted into the Western Australian Football Hall of Fame 2016. Andy holds both his AFF/AFC B Licence and AFC Level 2 GK Licence.
2. David Slade, English director and producer births
  1. David Slade
    
    David Aldrin Slade is a British film and television director and actor. His works include the films Hard Candy, 30 Days of Night and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. Slade is also a director for television, directing episodes for Breaking Bad, Awake, Hannibal, Crossbones, Powers, American Gods and Black Mirror. Before he was a film director, Slade was a director of commercials and music videos.
3. Holger Stanislawski, German footballer and manager births
  1. Holger Stanislawski
    
    Holger Stanislawski is a German football manager and former player.
4. Paul Warhurst, English footballer and manager births
  1. Paul Warhurst
    
    Paul Warhurst is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender, midfielder or striker.
1968
1. Jim Caviezel, American actor births
  1. Jim Caviezel
    
    James Patrick Caviezel Jr. is an American film and television actor who played Jesus Christ in The Passion of the Christ (2004) and starred as John Reese on the CBS series Person of Interest (2011–2016). He also has had roles as Slov in G.I. Jane (1997), Private Witt in The Thin Red Line (1998), Detective John Sullivan in Frequency (2000), Catch in Angel Eyes (2001), and Edmond Dantès in The Count of Monte Cristo (2002).
2. Ben Shlomo Lipman-Heilprin, Polish-Israeli neurologist and physician (b. 1902) deaths
  1. Ben Shlomo Lipman-Heilprin
    
    Ben Shlomo Lipman-Heilprin was an Israeli physician and director of the Neurology Department of Hadassah Hospital in Jerusalem.
3. Daniel Johnson Sr., Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Premier of Quebec (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Daniel Johnson Sr.
    
    Francis Daniel Johnson Sr. was a Canadian politician and the 20th premier of Quebec from 1966 to his death in 1968.
  2. Premier of Quebec
    
    The premier of Quebec is the head of government of the Canadian province of Quebec. The current premier of Quebec is François Legault of the Coalition Avenir Québec, sworn in on October 18, 2018, following that year's election.
4. Władysław Kędra, Polish pianist (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Władysław Kędra
    
    Władysław Kędra was a Polish pianist.
1967
1. Bruno Akrapović, Bosnian footballer and manager births
  1. Bruno Akrapović
    
    Bruno Akrapović is a Bosnian professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder.
2. Shannon Hoon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1995) births
  1. Shannon Hoon
    
    Richard Shannon Hoon was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He was the lead singer of the band Blind Melon from 1990 until his death in 1995.
3. Craig Janney, American ice hockey player births
  1. Craig Janney
    
    Craig Harlan Janney is an American former professional ice hockey center who played twelve seasons in the National Hockey League from 1987–88 until 1998–99, when blood clots ended his career prematurely.
1966
1. Christos Dantis, Greek singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. Christos Dantis
    
    Christos Dantis, is a Greek multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter, lyricist, and record producer best known for his hits such as "To Palio Mou Palto" and "Ena Tragoudi Akoma" and later for co-writing the song "My Number One" for Elena Paparizou, winning the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 for Greece.
2. Shane Dye, New Zealand jockey births
  1. Shane Dye
    
    Raymond Shane Dye, is a former jockey. He was an apprentice jockey to Dave O’Sullivan at Matamata, before moving to Sydney, Australia initially working with Vic Thompson at Warwick Farm in the late-1980s. In a distinguished riding career, Dye won the Melbourne Cup on Tawriffic in 1989 in then-record time, and won four consecutive Golden Slippers from 1989 to 1992. He also won the Cox Plate on Octagonal in 1995.
3. Craig Heyward, American football player (d. 2006) births
  1. Craig Heyward
    
    Craig William "Ironhead" Heyward was an American football fullback who played for the Pitt Panthers in College, New Orleans Saints, Chicago Bears, Atlanta Falcons, St. Louis Rams, and Indianapolis Colts in an 11-year National Football League (NFL) career.
4. Jillian Barberie, Canadian actress and sportscaster births
  1. Jillian Barberie
    
    Jillian Marie Barberie is a Canadian-born American television hostess, sportscaster, radio personality and actress. From 1995 to 2012, she was a co-host on the Los Angeles television morning news and entertainment program Good Day L.A. on Fox owned-and-operated station KTTV. From 2000 to 2005, she appeared on Fox Sports as the weather host for Fox NFL Sunday. From 2006 to 2013, she was known as Jillian Reynolds, from her second marriage.
1965
1. Radisav Ćurčić, Serbian-Israeli basketball player births
  1. Radisav Ćurčić
    
    Radisav Ćurčić is a Serbian-Israeli former professional basketball player. Standing at 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) and weighing 275 pounds (125 kg), he played center position. He represented the Yugoslavia national basketball team internationally.
2. Petro Poroshenko, Ukrainian businessman and politician, 5th President of Ukraine births
  1. Petro Poroshenko
    
    Petro Oleksiyovych Poroshenko is a Ukrainian businessman and politician who served as the fifth president of Ukraine from 2014 to 2019. Poroshenko served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2010, and as the Minister of Trade and Economic Development in 2012. From 2007 until 2012, he headed the Council of Ukraine's National Bank. He was elected president on 25 May 2014, receiving 54.7% of the votes cast in the first round, thus winning outright and avoiding a run-off. During his presidency, Poroshenko led the country through the first phase of the War in Donbas, pushing the Russian separatist forces into the Donbas Region. He began the process of integration with the European Union by signing the European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement.
  2. President of Ukraine
    
    The president of Ukraine is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties. The president is directly elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term of office, limited to two terms consecutively.
3. James Fitzmaurice, Irish soldier and pilot (b. 1898) deaths
  1. James Fitzmaurice
    
    James Michael Christopher Fitzmaurice DFC was an Irish aviation pioneer. He was a member of the crew of the Bremen, which made the first successful trans-Atlantic aircraft flight from East to West on 12–13 April 1928.
1964
1. Nicki French, English singer and actress births
  1. Nicki French
    
    Nicola Sharon French is an English singer. She is best known for her 1995 dance cover version of "Total Eclipse of the Heart", which reached the US and UK top 5, and for representing the United Kingdom in the 2000 Eurovision Song Contest in Stockholm.
2. Dave Martinez, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Dave Martinez
    
    David Martinez is an American professional baseball coach and former outfielder who is the manager for the Washington Nationals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously served as the bench coach for the Tampa Bay Rays and Chicago Cubs. He played in MLB for the Cubs, Montreal Expos, Cincinnati Reds, San Francisco Giants, Chicago White Sox, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Texas Rangers, Toronto Blue Jays, and Atlanta Braves from 1986 to 2001. Martinez had a .276 career batting average, 1,599 hits, 91 home runs, 795 runs scored, and 580 runs batted in.
3. John Tempesta, American drummer births
  1. John Tempesta
    
    John Tempesta is an American drummer known for his work in hard rock and heavy metal. He has been a member of the Cult since 2006. Previously, Tempesta played with several bands including Exodus, Testament and White Zombie. He worked with former White Zombie singer Rob Zombie as a solo artist and served as drum technician for Charlie Benante, drummer for the heavy metal band Anthrax earlier in his career. He is referenced in Anthrax's rendition of "Friggin' in the Riggin'", with lyrics about the band's crew members. Additionally he also played the role of the "Not Man" during Anthrax's early live shows footage of which can be seen in the "Antisocial" music video.
1963
1. Lysette Anthony, English actress and producer births
  1. Lysette Anthony
    
    Lysette Anne Chodzko, known professionally as Lysette Anthony, is an English actress and model. She is known for her roles in the film Husbands and Wives (1992), as Princess Lysssa in the 1983 fantasy epic Krull, the first season of the ITV comedy-drama series Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (1983), the BBC1 sitcom Three Up, Two Down, and her role as Marnie Nightingale in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks (2016–2022).
2. Joe Nemechek, American race car driver births
  1. Joe Nemechek
    
    Joseph Frank Nemechek III is an American professional stock car racing driver who last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 24 Toyota Supra for Sam Hunt Racing. Nemechek has made the second most national series starts in NASCAR history. He claimed the record in 2019 after he passed seven-time Cup Series champion Richard Petty, but was surpassed by Kevin Harvick in 2021. Nemechek won the 1992 NASCAR Busch Series championship.
1962
1. Melissa Sue Anderson, American-Canadian actress births
  1. Melissa Sue Anderson
    
    Melissa Sue Anderson is an American-Canadian actress. She began her career as a child actress after appearing in several commercials in Los Angeles. Anderson is known for her role as Mary Ingalls in the NBC drama series Little House on the Prairie (1974–1983), for which she received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series.
2. Peter Foster, Australian criminal births
  1. Peter Foster
    
    Peter Clarence Foster is an Australian career criminal who has been imprisoned in Australia, Britain, the United States, and Vanuatu for a variety of offences related to weight loss and other scams as well as absconding from justice. His convictions range from fraud and money laundering to contempt of court and resisting arrest.
3. Mark Haddon, English author and poet births
  1. Mark Haddon
    
    Mark Haddon is an English novelist, best known for The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time (2003). He won the Whitbread Award, the Dolly Gray Children's Literature Award, Guardian Prize, and a Commonwealth Writers Prize for his work.
4. Steve Moneghetti, Australian runner births
  1. Steve Moneghetti
    
    Stephen James "Steve" Moneghetti,, is an Australian long-distance runner and physical health consultant, represented Australia on many occasions. Moneghetti has a degree in civil engineering, a graduate diploma in education and an honorary doctorate from the University of Ballarat. He is a personal development consultant with the Ministry of Education and chair of the Victorian Review into Physical and Sport Education in Schools.
5. Al Pitrelli, American guitarist and songwriter births
  1. Al Pitrelli
    
    Al Pitrelli is an American guitarist, best known for his work with the Trans-Siberian Orchestra, Megadeth, Alice Cooper, Joe Lynn Turner, Asia and Savatage.
6. Tracey Thorn, English singer-songwriter and writer births
  1. Tracey Thorn
    
    Tracey Anne Thorn is a British singer. She is best known as being one half of the duo Everything but the Girl from 1982 to 1999. She was a member of the band Marine Girls between 1980 and 1983 and since 2007 has been active as a solo artist.
7. Jacky Wu, Taiwanese singer, actor, and television host births
  1. Jacky Wu
    
    Jacky Wu is a Taiwanese television show host, singer, and actor. He hosts numerous variety shows, such as the long running popular Taiwanese variety show Guess.
1961
1. Jeanie Buss, American sports executive births
  1. Jeanie Buss
    
    Jeanie Marie Buss is an American sports executive who is the controlling owner and president of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A daughter of Jerry Buss, who owned the Lakers and other sports businesses, she entered the family business as general manager of the Los Angeles Strings professional tennis team at 19. She later bought the Los Angeles Blades professional roller hockey team. She served as president of the Great Western Forum before becoming vice president of the Lakers. After her father died in 2013, his controlling ownership of the Lakers passed to his six children via a family trust, with each sibling receiving an equal vote. Buss took over as team president and as the Lakers representative on the NBA Board of Governors. In 2020, she became the first female controlling owner to guide her team to an NBA championship.
2. Cindy Herron, American singer-songwriter and actress births
  1. Cindy Herron
    
    Cynthia Ann Herron, professionally known as Cindy Herron and sometimes credited as Cindy Herron–Braggs is an American singer and actress. Herron is best known as a founding member of the R&B/pop group En Vogue, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. She sang lead vocals on the group's first single "Hold On", which garnered mainstream success and sold over a million copies. Despite being absent from the group during certain periods, Herron and fellow group member Terry Ellis are the only original members to appear on all of the group's album releases to date. In the 1980s, Herron began her career as an actress, making her debut appearance in Up and Coming as "Valerie".
3. Marianne Mikko, Estonian journalist and politician births
  1. Marianne Mikko
    
    Marianne Mikko is an Estonian politician and former Member of the European Parliament and former Member of the Parliament of Estonia for the Social Democratic Party, part of the Party of European Socialists. Mikko was born in Võru.
4. Will Self, English novelist and journalist births
  1. Will Self
    
    William Woodard Self is an English author, journalist, political commentator and broadcaster. He has written 11 novels, five collections of shorter fiction, three novellas and nine collections of non-fiction writing. Self is currently Professor of Modern Thought at Brunel University London, where he teaches psychogeography.
1960
1. Uwe Bein, German footballer and manager births
  1. Uwe Bein
    
    Uwe Bein is a German former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
2. Jouke de Vries, Dutch academic and politician births
  1. Jouke de Vries
    
    Professor Jouke de Vries is chairman of the Executive Board of the University of Groningen (RUG) in The Netherlands. Before that he was Dean of the University of Groningen/Campus Fryslân in Leeuwarden.
3. Doug Supernaw, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2020) births
  1. Doug Supernaw
    
    Douglas Anderson Supernaw was an American country music artist. After several years performing as a local musician throughout the state of Texas, he signed with BNA Records in 1993.
1959
1. Andrew Bolt, Australian journalist births
  1. Andrew Bolt
    
    Andrew Bolt is an Australian right-wing social and political commentator. He has worked at the News Corp-owned newspaper company The Herald and Weekly Times (HWT) for many years, for both The Herald and its successor, the Herald Sun. His current roles include blogger and columnist at the Herald Sun and host of television show The Bolt Report each weeknight. In Australia, Bolt is a controversial public figure, who has frequently been accused of abrasive demeanour, racist views and inappropriate remarks on various political and social issues.
2. Trevor Dodds, Namibian golfer births
  1. Trevor Dodds
    
    Trevor George Dodds is a Namibian professional golfer.
3. Rich Gedman, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Rich Gedman
    
    Richard Leo Gedman is an American professional baseball coach and former catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Boston Red Sox (1980–1990), Houston Astros (1990–1991), and St. Louis Cardinals (1991–1992). He currently serves as hitting coach with the Triple-A Worcester Red Sox of the International League. Listed at 6 feet 0 inches (1.83 m) and 210 pounds (95 kg), he batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
4. Ilya Kormiltsev, Russian poet and translator (d. 2007) births
  1. Ilya Kormiltsev
    
    Ilya Valeryevich Kormiltsev was a Russian poet, translator, and publisher. Kormiltsev is most famous for working during the 1980s and the 1990s as a songwriter in Nautilus Pompilius, one of the most popular rock bands in the Soviet Union and, later, Russia. He was also a prominent literary translator and publisher. Since 1997, he translated into Russian many important pieces of modern prose, such as Chuck Palahniuk's Fight Club, or Irvine Welsh's Trainspotting. In 2003, he established Ultra.Kultura publishing house, which immediately gained a scandalous reputation and was closed by the authorities in 2007. Through its brief history, Ultra.Kultura published numerous counter-culture books in a wide range from ultra-right to radical left authors.
5. S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (b. 1899) deaths
  1. S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike
    
    Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike, often referred to by his initials as S. W. R. D. or S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and known by the Sri Lankan people as "The Silver Bell of Asia", was the fourth Prime Minister of the Dominion of Ceylon, serving from 1956 until his assassination in 1959. The founder of the left-wing and Sinhalese nationalist Sri Lanka Freedom Party, his tenure saw the country's first left-wing reforms.
  2. Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
    
    The Prime Minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the head and most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers. It is the second-most powerful position in Sri Lanka's executive branch behind the president, who is the constitutional chief executive. The Cabinet is collectively held accountable to parliament for their policies and actions.
6. Leslie Morshead, Australian general (b. 1889) deaths
  1. Leslie Morshead
    
    Lieutenant General Sir Leslie James Morshead, was an Australian soldier, teacher, businessman, and farmer, whose military career spanned both world wars. During the Second World War, he led the Australian and British troops at the Siege of Tobruk (1941) and at the Second Battle of El Alamein, achieving decisive victories over Erwin Rommel's Afrika Korps. His soldiers nicknamed him "Ming the Merciless", later simply "Ming", after the villain in the Flash Gordon comics.
7. Teodor Ussisoo, Estonian furniture designer and educator (b. 1878) deaths
  1. Teodor Ussisoo
    
    Teodor Ussisoo was an Estonian pedagogue, furniture designer, and interior architect. Attended a district school between 1888–94 and a railway technical college in Tallinn between 1895 and 1898. In 1909 he graduated in furniture making in Leipzig, Germany, and in 1913 interior architecture at the Köthen Technical Art School. He worked as a school teacher in Tallinn and was appointed the head of the State Technical School in 1922. Ussisoo was responsible for the designs of the first Estonian kroons and postage stamps issued after the establishment of the Estonian republic in 1918. Ussisoo was arrested by the Soviet occupation authorities in 1949 and deported to Krasnoyarsk Krai and was released in 1956. His son Uno Ussisoo was an encyclopedist and translator.
1958
1. Rudi Cerne, German figure skater and journalist births
  1. Rudi Cerne
    
    Rudi Cerne is a German TV presenter and former figure skater. He is the 1984 European silver medalist and a two-time West German national champion. He competed at two Winter Olympics, finishing fourth in 1984.
2. Darby Crash, American singer-songwriter (d. 1980) births
  1. Darby Crash
    
    Jan Paul Beahm was an American punk rock vocalist who, along with longtime friend Pat Smear, co-founded the punk rock band the Germs. He died by suicide by overdosing on heroin.
3. Robert Kagan, Greek-American historian and author births
  1. Robert Kagan
    
    Robert Kagan is an American neoconservative scholar, critic of U.S. foreign policy, and a leading advocate of liberal interventionism.
4. Kenny Sansom, English footballer births
  1. Kenny Sansom
    
    Kenneth Graham Sansom is a former professional footballer who played as a defender. An England international, he played for clubs such as Crystal Palace, Arsenal, Newcastle United, Coventry City, Queens Park Rangers, Everton and Watford.
5. Richard B. Weldon Jr., American sailor and politician births
  1. Richard B. Weldon Jr.
    
    Richard Weldon was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing Maryland District 3B, which then included parts of Frederick and Washington County, Maryland. He defeated Lisa Baugher in 2002 for the new 3B district. He defeated Paul Gilligan in 2006 to retain his seat.
1957
1. Bob Staake, American author and illustrator births
  1. Bob Staake
    
    Bob Staake STAK is an American illustrator, cartoonist, children's book author and designer. He lives and works in Chatham, Massachusetts on the elbow of Cape Cod.
2. Klaus Augenthaler, German footballer and manager births
  1. Klaus Augenthaler
    
    Klaus "Auge" Augenthaler is a German former professional football player and manager. A defender, he won seven Bundesliga titles in his 15-year club career with Bayern Munich. He also represented the West Germany national team, winning the FIFA World Cup in 1990.
3. Michael Dweck, American photographer and director births
  1. Michael Dweck
    
    Michael Dweck is an American visual artist and filmmaker. Best known for his narrative photography, Dweck's work "explores ongoing struggles between identity and adaptation in endangered societal enclaves." In 2003, he became the first living photographer to have a solo exhibition at Sotheby's, and in 2012, he was the first American photographer to exhibit his work in Cuba since the beginning of the United States embargo in 1960. He lives and works in New York City and in Montauk, New York.
4. Arthur Powell Davies, American minister and author (b. 1902) deaths
  1. A. Powell Davies
    
    Arthur Powell Davies was the minister of All Souls Church, Unitarian in Washington, D.C. from 1944 until his death in 1957. A prolific author of theological books and sermon collections, he came to national prominence in the U.S. through his liberal activism advocating civil rights for African-Americans and women and ethical stands against post-war nuclear proliferation and the methods employed by the American government during the era of McCarthyism.
1956
1. Steve Butler, American race car driver and engineer births
  1. Steve Butler
    
    Steve Butler won six national driving championships in USAC Sprint Car and Silver Crown open-wheel racing. Butler was highly regarded for his technical skills and performed chief mechanic duties on several of his winning race cars. He also communicated his view of racing to fans both as author and television commentator. Despite a relatively brief racing career (1981–1993), Butler is an inductee into the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame, the USAC Hall of Fame, and the Hoosier Auto Racing Fan's Hall of Fame. He retired at age 37 to pursue both an engineering career and more time with his growing family. Butler currently resides in Kokomo, IN.
2. Linda Hamilton, American actress births
  1. Linda Hamilton
    
    Linda Carroll Hamilton is an American actress. She played Sarah Connor in the Terminator film series and Catherine Chandler in the television series Beauty and the Beast (1987–1990), for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and an Emmy Award. She also starred as Vicky Baxter in the horror film Children of the Corn (1984), Doctor Amy Franklin in the monster film King Kong Lives (1986), and Mayor Rachel Wando in the disaster thriller film Dante's Peak (1997). She had a recurring role as Mary Elizabeth Bartowski in NBC's Chuck.
1954
1. Craig Chaquico, American guitarist births
  1. Craig Chaquico
    
    Craig Clinton Chaquico is an American guitarist, songwriter, and composer. From 1974 to 1990 he was lead guitarist for the rock bands Jefferson Starship and Starship. In 1993, he started a solo career as an acoustic jazz guitarist and composer.
2. Kevin Kennedy, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster births
  1. Kevin Kennedy (baseball)
    
    Kevin Curtis Kennedy is a former manager in American Major League Baseball and a former television host for Fox Sports' baseball coverage. He was given the nickname "The Skipper" by Fox Sports due to his prior managerial career. Kennedy joined the Tampa Bay Rays broadcast team for the 2009 baseball season as a replacement for Joe Magrane.
3. Cesar Rosas, Mexican-American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Cesar Rosas
    
    Cesar J. Rosas is a Mexican singer, songwriter and guitarist for Los Lobos. Rosas also participates in the Latin supergroup Los Super Seven. Perhaps the most recognizable member of Los Lobos, Rosas is known for his trademark black sunglasses, goatee and black hair. He plays guitar left handed.
4. Ellen Roosevelt, American tennis player (b. 1868) deaths
  1. Ellen Roosevelt
    
    Ellen Crosby Roosevelt was an American tennis player.
1953
1. Dolores Keane, Irish singer and actress births
  1. Dolores Keane
    
    Dolores Keane is an Irish folk singer and occasional actress. She was a founding member of the group De Dannan and has since embarked on a solo career.
2. Douglas A. Melton, American biologist and academic births
  1. Douglas A. Melton
    
    Douglas A. Melton is the Xander University Professor at Harvard University, and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Additionally, Melton serves as the co-director of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and was the first co-chair of the Harvard University Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology. Melton is a founder of several biotech companies including Gilead Sciences, Ontogeny, iPierian, and Semma Therapeutics. Melton holds membership in the National Academy of the Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a founding member of the International Society for Stem Cell Research.
3. Paul Stephenson, English police officer births
  1. Paul Stephenson (police officer)
    
    Sir Paul Robert Stephenson is a British retired police officer who was the Metropolitan Police Commissioner from 2009 to 2011.
4. Xu Beihong, Chinese painter and educator (b. 1895) deaths
  1. Xu Beihong
    
    Xu Beihong, also known as Ju Péon, was a Chinese painter.
1952
1. George Santayana, Spanish philosopher, novelist, and poet (b. 1863) deaths
  1. George Santayana
    
    Jorge Agustín Nicolás Ruiz de Santayana y Borrás, known in English as George Santayana, was a Spanish and US-American philosopher, essayist, poet, and novelist. Born in Spain, Santayana was raised and educated in the US from the age of eight and identified himself as an American, although he always retained a valid Spanish passport. At the age of 48, Santayana left his position at Harvard and returned to Europe permanently.
1951
1. Tommy Taylor, English footballer and manager births
  1. Tommy Taylor (footballer, born 1951)
    
    Thomas Frederick Taylor is an English football manager and former footballer. As a footballer, he played as a defender. He is currently the head coach of Europa Point.
2. Stuart Tosh, Scottish singer-songwriter and drummer births
  1. Stuart Tosh
    
    Stuart Mcbeath Tosh, also known as Stuart Tosh, is a Scottish drummer, songwriter and vocalist. Tosh was born in Aberdeen. He recorded and toured with a succession of bands during the 1970s and 1980s, including Pilot, The Alan Parsons Project, 10cc, Camel, and with Roger Daltrey.
3. Hans Cloos, German geologist and academic (b. 1885) deaths
  1. Hans Cloos
    
    Hans Cloos was a prominent German structural geologist.
1950
1. Andy Haden, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2020) births
  1. Andy Haden
    
    Andrew Maxwell Haden was a New Zealand rugby union player and All Black captain. He played at lock for Auckland and New Zealand from 1972 until 1985. He also played club rugby in the United Kingdom and Italy.
1949
1. Clodoaldo, Brazilian footballer and manager births
  1. Clodoaldo
    
    Clodoaldo Tavares de Santana, better known as Clodoaldo, is a Brazilian former footballer who played as a midfielder.
2. Wendy Saddington, Australian singer and journalist (d. 2013) births
  1. Wendy Saddington
    
    Wendy June Saddington, also known as Gandharvika Dasi, was an Australian blues, soul and jazz singer, and was in the bands Chain, Copperwine and the Wendy Saddington Band. She wrote for teen pop newspaper Go-Set from September 1969 to September 1970 as an agony aunt in her weekly "Takes Care of Business" column, and as a feature writer. Saddington had Top 30 chart success with her 1972 solo single "Looking Through a Window", which was written and produced by Billy Thorpe and Warren Morgan of the Aztecs. After adopting Krishna Consciousness in the 1970s she took the name Gandharvika Dasi. In March 2013 she was diagnosed with oesophageal cancer, and died on 21 June, aged 63.
3. Jane Smiley, American novelist births
  1. Jane Smiley
    
    Jane Smiley is an American novelist. She won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1992 for her novel A Thousand Acres (1991).
4. Minette Walters, English journalist and author births
  1. Minette Walters
    
    Minette Caroline Mary Walters DL is an English crime writer.
1948
1. Olivia Newton-John, English-Australian singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2022) births
  1. Olivia Newton-John
    
    Dame Olivia Newton-John was a British-Australian singer, actress and activist. She was a four-time Grammy Award winner whose music career included 15 top ten singles including 5 number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100, and two number-one albums on the Billboard 200: If You Love Me, Let Me Know (1974) and Have You Never Been Mellow (1975). Eleven of her singles and 14 of her albums have been certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
1947
1. Lynn Anderson, American singer and actress (d. 2015) births
  1. Lynn Anderson
    
    Lynn Renée Anderson was an American country singer and television personality. Her crossover signature recording, "Rose Garden," was a number one hit in the United States and internationally. She charted five number one and 18 top-ten singles on the Billboard country songs chart. Anderson is regarded as one of country music's most significant performers.
2. Philippe Lavil, French singer and actor births
  1. Philippe Lavil
    
    Philippe Lavil (born 26 September 1947 in Fort-de-France, Martinique), pseudonym of Philippe Durand de La Villejégu du Fresnay, is a French singer. He remained particularly famous for his hits singles "Il tape sur des bambous", "Elle préfère l'amour en mer" and "Kolé séré", a duet with Jocelyne Béroard. He was also member of Les Enfoirés in 1996, 1997 and 1998.
3. Dick Roth, American swimmer births
  1. Dick Roth
    
    Richard William Roth is an American former competition swimmer, Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in two events. He swam in the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan, where he won the gold medal for his first-place finish in the men's 400-meter individual medley, setting a new world record of 4:45.4 in the event final. Shortly before the individual medley final, Roth suffered an appendicitis, but refused an immediate operation. He insisted the surgeons delay to allow him to swim in the final, and won the gold medal as a result.
4. Hugh Lofting, English-American author and poet (b. 1886) deaths
  1. Hugh Lofting
    
    Hugh John Lofting was an English author trained as a civil engineer, who created the classic children's literature character of Doctor Dolittle. It first appeared in illustrated letters to his children written by Lofting from the British Army trenches in the First World War.
1946
1. Andrea Dworkin, American activist and author (d. 2005) births
  1. Andrea Dworkin
    
    Andrea Rita Dworkin was an American radical feminist writer and activist best known for her analysis of pornography. Her feminist writings, beginning in 1974, span 30 years. They are found in a dozen solo works: nine books of non-fiction, two novels, and a collection of short stories. Another three volumes were co-written or co-edited with US Constitutional law professor and feminist activist, Catharine A. MacKinnon.
2. John MacLachlan Gray, Canadian actor, playwright, and composer births
  1. John MacLachlan Gray
    
    John MacLachlan Gray, OC is a Canadian writer-composer-performer for stage, TV, film, radio and print. He is best known for his stage musicals and for his two seasons as a satirist on CBC TV's The Journal, as well as an author, speaker and social critic on cultural-political issues.
3. Radha Krishna Mainali, Nepalese politician births
  1. Radha Krishna Mainali
    
    Radha Krishna Mainali, better known as R. K. Mainali is a Nepalese politician. In the early 1970s he was one of the radical communists who led the Jhapa rebellion, inspired by the Naxalite movement in India.
4. Louise Simonson, American author births
  1. Louise Simonson
    
    Louise Simonson is an American comic book writer and editor. She is best known for her work on comic book titles such as Conan the Barbarian, Power Pack, X-Factor, New Mutants, Superman: The Man of Steel, and Steel. She is often referred to by the nickname "Weezie". Among the comic characters she co-created are Cable, Steel, Power Pack, Rictor, Doomsday and the X-Men villain Apocalypse.
5. Claudette Werleigh, Haitian Prime Minister births
  1. Claudette Werleigh
    
    Claudette Werleigh is a Haitian politician who served as the prime minister of Haiti from 1995 to 1996. She was Haiti's first female Prime Minister.
6. William Strunk Jr., American author and educator (b. 1869) deaths
  1. William Strunk Jr.
    
    William Strunk Jr. was an American professor of English at Cornell University and author of The Elements of Style (1918). After revision and enlargement by his former student E. B. White, it became a highly influential guide to English usage during the late 20th century, commonly called Strunk & White.
1945
1. Louise Beaudoin, Canadian academic and politician births
  1. Louise Beaudoin
    
    Louise Beaudoin is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Rosemont in the National Assembly of Quebec until 2012, as a member of the Parti Québécois (PQ). She sat as an independent from June 6, 2011 to April 3, 2012. She is best known for her previous tenure as a Member of the National Assembly (MNA) of Chambly, from 1994 to 2003, when she occupied various ministerial positions.
2. Gal Costa, Brazilian singer (d. 2022) births
  1. Gal Costa
    
    Gal Maria da Graça Costa Penna Burgos, known professionally as Gal Costa, was a Brazilian singer of popular music. She was one of the main figures of the tropicalia music scene in Brazil in the late 1960s and appeared on the acclaimed compilation Tropicália: ou Panis et Circenses (1968).
3. Bryan Ferry, English singer-songwriter births
  1. Bryan Ferry
    
    Bryan Ferry CBE is an English singer and songwriter. His voice has been described as an "elegant, seductive croon". He also established a distinctive image and sartorial style: according to The Independent, Ferry and his contemporary David Bowie influenced a generation with both their music and their appearances. Peter York described Ferry as "an art object" who "should hang in the Tate".
4. Béla Bartók, Hungarian pianist and composer (b. 1881) deaths
  1. Béla Bartók
    
    Béla Viktor János Bartók was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers. Through his collection and analytical study of folk music, he was one of the founders of comparative musicology, which later became ethnomusicology.
1944
1. Jan Brewer, American politician, 22nd Governor of Arizona births
  1. Jan Brewer
    
    Janice Kay Brewer is an American politician and author who was the 22nd governor of Arizona from 2009 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, Brewer is the fourth woman to be Governor of Arizona. Brewer assumed the governorship as part of the line of succession, as determined by the Arizona Constitution, when Governor Janet Napolitano resigned to become U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security. Brewer had been Secretary of State of Arizona from January 2003 to January 2009.
  2. List of governors of Arizona
    
    The governor of Arizona is the head of government of the U.S. state of Arizona. As the top elected official, the governor is the head of the executive branch of the Arizona state government and is charged with faithfully executing state laws. The governor has the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Arizona State Legislature; to convene the legislature; and to grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment. The governor is also the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.
2. Keith O'Nions, English geologist and academic births
  1. Keith O'Nions
    
    Sir Robert Keith O'Nions FRS HonFREng, is a British scientist and ex-President & Rector of Imperial College London. He is the former Director General of the Research Councils UK as well as Professor of the Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Head of the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Oxford.
3. Anne Robinson, English journalist and game show host births
  1. Anne Robinson
    
    Anne Josephine Robinson is an English television presenter and journalist. She was the host of BBC game show The Weakest Link (2000–2017). She presented the Channel 4 game show Countdown from June 2021 to July 2022, taking over from Nick Hewer. She left the programme on 13 July 2022 after recording 265 episodes.
1943
1. Ian Chappell, Australian cricketer and sportscaster births
  1. Ian Chappell
    
    Ian Michael Chappell is a former cricketer who played for South Australia and Australia. He captained Australia between 1971 and 1975 before taking a central role in the breakaway World Series Cricket organisation. Born into a cricketing family—his grandfather and brother also captained Australia—Chappell made a hesitant start to international cricket playing as a right-hand middle-order batsman and spin bowler. He found his niche when promoted to bat at number three. Known as "Chappelli", he earned a reputation as one of the greatest captains the game has seen. Chappell's blunt verbal manner led to a series of confrontations with opposition players and cricket administrators; the issue of sledging first arose during his tenure as captain, and he was a driving force behind the professionalisation of Australian cricket in the 1970s.
2. Tim Schenken, Australian race car driver births
  1. Tim Schenken
    
    Timothy Theodore Schenken is a former racing driver from Sydney, Australia. He participated in 36 Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 16 August 1970. He achieved one career podium at the 1971 Austrian Grand Prix, and scored a total of seven championship points. He did however have two non-championship race podiums – he finished third in the 1971 BRDC International Trophy and third in the 1972 International Gold Cup.
3. Henri Fertet, French Resistance fighter (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Henri Fertet
    
    Henri Claude Fertet was a French schoolboy and resistance fighter who was executed by the German occupying forces during World War II. He was posthumously awarded several national honours. He is known for the letter he wrote to his parents on the morning of his execution, and he has become one of those who symbolise the French Resistance.
  2. French Resistance
    
    The French Resistance was a collection of organisations who fought the Nazi occupation of France and the collaborationist Vichy régime during the Second World War. Resistance cells were small groups of armed men and women who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines. The Resistance's men and women came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés, academics, students, aristocrats, conservative Roman Catholics, Protestants, Jews, Muslims, liberals, anarchists and communists.
1942
1. Kent McCord, American actor births
  1. Kent McCord
    
    Kent Franklin McWhirter, known by his stage name Kent McCord, is a retired American actor, best known for his role as Officer Jim Reed on the television series Adam-12.
2. Gloria E. Anzaldúa, American scholar of Chicana cultural theory (d. 2004) births
  1. Gloria E. Anzaldúa
    
    Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa was an American scholar of Chicana cultural theory, feminist theory, and queer theory. She loosely based her best-known book, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza, on her life growing up on the Mexico–Texas border and incorporated her lifelong experiences of social and cultural marginalization into her work. She also developed theories about the marginal, in-between, and mixed cultures that develop along borders, including on the concepts of Nepantla, Coyoxaulqui imperative, new tribalism, and spiritual activism.
1941
1. Salvatore Accardo, Italian violinist and conductor births
  1. Salvatore Accardo
    
    Salvatore Accardo is an Italian violinist and conductor, who is known for his interpretations of the works of Niccolò Paganini.
2. Martine Beswick, Jamaican-English model and actress births
  1. Martine Beswick
    
    Martine Beswick is Jamaica-born British actress and model perhaps best known for her roles in two James Bond films, From Russia with Love (1963) and Thunderball (1965), who went on to appear in several other notable films in the 1960s. In 2019, she was inducted into the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards' Monster Kid Hall of Fame.
3. David Frizzell, American country music singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. David Frizzell
    
    David Frizzell is an American country music singer. He is the younger brother of country musician, Lefty Frizzell. His career started in the late 1950s, but his biggest success came in the 1980s.
1939
1. Ricky Tomlinson, English actor and screenwriter births
  1. Ricky Tomlinson
    
    Eric "Ricky" Tomlinson is an English actor. He is best known for his television roles as Bobby Grant in Brookside, DCI Charlie Wise in Cracker and Jim Royle in The Royle Family, and playing the titular character in the film Mike Bassett: England Manager (2001).
1938
1. Lucette Aldous, New Zealand-Australian ballerina and educator births
  1. Lucette Aldous
    
    Lucette Aldous was an Australian prima ballerina during her performing years. She was the resident principal dancer with The Australian Ballet, and well known for performing the role of Kitri in the film of Rudolf Nureyev's production of Don Quixote, receiving many honours for her years of performance including being appointed AC in the 2018 Australia Day Honours list.
2. Jonathan Goldsmith, American actor births
  1. Jonathan Goldsmith
    
    Jonathan Goldsmith is an American character actor. He began his career on the New York stage, then started a career in film and television. He appeared in several TV shows from the 1960s to the 1990s. He is best known for appearing in television commercials for Dos Equis beer, from 2006 to 2016, as the character The Most Interesting Man in the World.
3. Lars-Jacob Krogh, Norwegian journalist (d. 2010) births
  1. Lars-Jacob Krogh
    
    Lars-Jacob Krogh was a Norwegian anchorman and television presenter.
1937
1. Valentin Pavlov, Russian banker and politician, 11th Premier of the Soviet Union (d. 2003) births
  1. Valentin Pavlov
    
    Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov was a Soviet official who became a Russian banker following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Born in the city of Moscow, then part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Pavlov began his political career in the Ministry of Finance in 1959. Later, during the Brezhnev Era, he became head of the Financial Department of the State Planning Committee. Pavlov was appointed to the post of Chairman of the State Committee on Prices during the Gorbachev Era, and later became Minister of Finance in Nikolai Ryzhkov's second government. He went on to succeed Ryzhkov as head of government in the newly established post of Prime Minister of the Soviet Union.
  2. Premier of the Soviet Union
    
    The Premier of the Soviet Union was the head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The office had four different names throughout its existence: Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (1923–1946), Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1946–1991), Prime Minister and Chairman of the Committee on the Operational Management of the Soviet Economy. Long before 1991, most non-Soviet sources referred to the post as "Premier" or "Prime Minister."
2. Jerry Weintraub, American film producer and agent (d. 2015) births
  1. Jerry Weintraub
    
    Jerome Charles "Jerry" Weintraub was an American film producer, talent manager and actor whose television films won him three Emmys.
3. Bessie Smith, American singer and actress (b. 1894) deaths
  1. Bessie Smith
    
    Bessie Smith was an American blues singer widely renowned during the Jazz Age. Nicknamed the "Empress of the Blues", she was the most popular female blues singer of the 1930s. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, she is often regarded as one of the greatest singers of her era and was a major influence on fellow blues singers, as well as jazz vocalists.
1936
1. Leroy Drumm, American sailor and songwriter (d. 2010) births
  1. Leroy Drumm
    
    Leroy Maxey Drumm was an American bluegrass/country music songwriter who served in the United States Navy, in the 3rd Division as a sonar man aboard the USS Soley (DD-707), an Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer and deployed to the Mediterranean from July 1956 to February 1957.
2. Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, South African academic and politician, 8th First Lady of South Africa (d. 2018) births
  1. Winnie Madikizela-Mandela
    
    Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, also known as Winnie Mandela, was a South African anti-apartheid activist and politician, and the second wife of Nelson Mandela. She served as a Member of Parliament from 1994 to 2003, and from 2009 until her death, and was a deputy minister of arts and culture from 1994 to 1996. A member of the African National Congress (ANC) political party, she served on the ANC's National Executive Committee and headed its Women's League. Madikizela-Mandela was known to her supporters as the "Mother of the Nation".
  2. First Lady of South Africa
    
    First Lady of South Africa is the title held by the wife or most senior wife of the president of South Africa.
1935
1. Bob Barber, English cricketer births
  1. Bob Barber (cricketer)
    
    Robert William "Bob" Barber is a former English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, Lancashire and Warwickshire from 1954 to 1969. He also played 28 Test matches for England. He was named as one of the five Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 1967. An outstanding schoolboy cricketer at Ruthin School, Barber initially struggled to gain a place whilst at Cambridge after making his debut in 1955. Scoring 1000 runs for the first time in 1959, Barber was made captain of Lancashire.
2. Lou Myers, American actor (d. 2013) births
  1. Lou Myers (actor)
    
    Lou Myers was an American actor.
3. Joe Sherlock, Irish politician (d. 2007) births
  1. Joe Sherlock
    
    Joe Sherlock was an Irish Labour Party politician who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 2002 to 2007, 1987 to 1992 and 1981 to 1982. He was a Senator for the Labour Panel from 1993 to 1997.
4. Andy Adams, American author (b. 1859) deaths
  1. Andy Adams (writer)
    
    Andy Adams was an American writer of western fiction.
5. Iván Persa, Slovene-Hungarian priest and author (b. 1861) deaths
  1. Iván Persa
    
    Iván Persa was a Hungarian Slovene Roman Catholic priest and writer.
1934
1. Neil Coles, English golfer and architect births
  1. Neil Coles
    
    Neil Chapman Coles, MBE is an English professional golfer. Coles had a successful career in European golf, winning 29 important tournaments between 1956 and 1982. After reaching 50, he won a further 14 important Seniors tournaments between 1985 and 2002, winning his final European Seniors Tour event at the age of 67. He also played in eight Ryder Cup matches between 1961 and 1977.
1932
1. Manmohan Singh, Indian economist and politician, 13th Prime Minister of India births
  1. Manmohan Singh
    
    Manmohan Singh is an Indian politician, economist and statesman who was the 13th prime minister of India from 2004 to 2014. He is also the third longest serving prime minister after Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi. A member of the Indian National Congress, Singh was the first Sikh prime minister of India. He was also the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term.
  2. Prime Minister of India
    
    The prime minister of India is the head of government of the Republic of India. Executive authority is vested in the prime minister and their chosen Council of Ministers, despite the president of India being the nominal head of the executive. The prime minister is often the leader of the party or the coalition with a majority in the lower house of the Parliament of India, the Lok Sabha, which is the main legislative body in the Republic of India. The prime minister and their cabinet are at all times responsible to the Lok Sabha.
2. Donna Douglas, American actress (d. 2015) births
  1. Donna Douglas
    
    Donna Douglas was an American actress and singer, known for her role as Elly May Clampett on The Beverly Hillbillies (1962–1971). Following her acting career, Douglas became a real-estate agent, gospel singer, inspirational speaker, and author of books for children and adults.
3. Joyce Jameson, American actress (d. 1987) births
  1. Joyce Jameson
    
    Joyce Jameson was an American actress, known for many television roles, including recurring guest appearances as Skippy, one of the "fun girls" in the 1960s television series The Andy Griffith Show as well as "the Blonde" in the Academy Award-winning The Apartment (1960).
4. Vladimir Voinovich, Russian author and poet (d. 2018) births
  1. Vladimir Voinovich
    
    Vladimir Nikolayevich Voinovich, was a Russian writer and former Soviet dissident, and the "first genuine comic writer" produced by the Soviet system. Among his most well-known works are the satirical epic The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin and the dystopian Moscow 2042. He was forced into exile and stripped of his citizenship by Soviet authorities in 1980 but later rehabilitated and moved back to Moscow in 1990. After the fall of the Soviet Union, he continued to be an outspoken critic of Russian politics under the rule of Vladimir Putin.
1931
1. Kenneth Parnell, American sex offender (d. 2008) births
  1. Kenneth Parnell
    
    Kenneth Eugene Parnell was an American convicted sex offender, child rapist, and kidnapper infamously known for perpetrating the abductions of 7-year-old Steven Stayner and 5-year-old Timothy White in Merced, California. He was convicted in 2004 for attempting to purchase a child for sex and died in prison.
1930
1. Philip Bosco, American actor (d. 2018) births
  1. Philip Bosco
    
    Philip Michael Bosco was an American actor. He was known for his Tony Award-winning performance as Saunders in the 1989 Broadway production of Lend Me a Tenor, and for his starring role in the 2007 film The Savages. He won a Daytime Emmy Award in 1988.
2. Joe Brown, English mountaineer and author (d. 2020) births
  1. Joe Brown (climber)
    
    Joseph Brown was an English mountaineer who was regarded as an outstanding pioneer of rock climbing during the 1950s and early 1960s. Together with his early climbing partner, Don Whillans, he was one of a new breed of British post-war climbers who came from working class backgrounds in contrast to the upper and middle class professionals who had dominated the sport up to the Second World War. He became the first person to climb the third-highest mountain in the world when he was on the 1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition. Some of his climbs were televised and he assisted with mountaineering scenes in several films; Brown died on 15 April 2020 at the age of 89.
1928
1. Bob Van der Veken, Belgian actor (d. 2019) births
  1. Bob Van Der Veken
    
    Bob Van Der Veken was a Belgian actor.
2. Wilford White, American football player (d. 2013) births
  1. Wilford White
    
    Wilford Parley "Whizzer" White was an American football halfback in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears. He also was a member of the Toronto Argonauts in the Canadian Football League. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the third round of the 1951 NFL Draft. He played college football at Arizona State University and became the school's first College Football All-American.
1927
1. Robert Cade, American physician and educator, co-invented Gatorade (d. 2007) births
  1. Robert Cade
    
    James Robert Cade was an American physician, university professor, research scientist and inventor. Cade, a native of Texas, earned his bachelor and medical degrees at the University of Texas, and became a professor of medicine and nephrology at the University of Florida. Although Cade engaged in many areas of medical research, he is most widely remembered as the leader of the research team that created the sports drink Gatorade. Gatorade would have significant medical applications for treating dehydration in patients, and has generated over $150 million in royalties for the university.
  2. Gatorade
    
    Gatorade is an American brand of sports-themed beverage and food products, built around its signature line of sports drinks. Gatorade is currently manufactured by PepsiCo and is distributed in over 80 countries. The beverage was first developed in 1965 by a team of researchers led by Dr. Robert Cade. It was originally made for the Gators at the University of Florida to replenish the carbohydrates that the school's student-athletes burned and the combination of water and electrolytes that they lost in sweat during rigorous sports activities.
2. Patrick O'Neal, American actor (d. 1994) births
  1. Patrick O'Neal (actor)
    
    Patrick Wisdom O'Neal was an American actor and restaurateur.
3. Enzo Bearzot, Italian footballer and manager (d. 2010) births
  1. Enzo Bearzot
    
    Enzo Bearzot was an Italian professional football player and manager. A defender and midfielder, he led the Italy national team to victory in the 1982 FIFA World Cup.
1926
1. Julie London, American singer and actress (d. 2000) births
  1. Julie London
    
    Julie London was an American singer and actress whose career spanned more than 40 years. A torch singer noted for her sultry, languid contralto vocals, London recorded over thirty albums of pop and jazz standards between 1955 and 1969. Her recording of "Cry Me a River", a track she introduced on her debut album, was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2001. In addition to her musical notice, London was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 1974 for her portrayal of nurse Dixie McCall in the television series Emergency!.
2. Manfred Mayrhofer, Austrian philologist and academic (d. 2011) births
  1. Manfred Mayrhofer
    
    Manfred Mayrhofer was an Austrian Indo-Europeanist who specialized in Indo-Iranian languages. Mayrhofer served as professor emeritus at the University of Vienna. He is noted for his etymological dictionary of Sanskrit.
1925
1. Norm Dussault, American-Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2012) births
  1. Norm Dussault
    
    Joseph Normand "Ti-Nomme" Dussault was a professional ice hockey player who played 206 games in the National Hockey League.
2. Marty Robbins, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and race car driver (d. 1982) births
  1. Marty Robbins
    
    Martin David Robinson, known professionally as Marty Robbins, was an American singer, songwriter, actor, multi-instrumentalist, and NASCAR racing driver. Robbins was one of the most popular and successful country and western singers for most of his nearly four-decade career, which spanned from the late 1940s to the early 1980s. He was also an early outlaw country pioneer.
1924
1. Jean Hoerni, Swiss physicist, inventor and businessman (d. 1997) births
  1. Jean Hoerni
    
    Jean Amédée Hoerni was a Swiss-American engineer. He was a silicon transistor pioneer, and a member of the "traitorous eight". He developed the planar process, an important technology for reliably fabricating and manufacturing semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits.
1923
1. Dev Anand, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2011) births
  1. Dev Anand
    
    Dharamdev Pishorimal Anand, better known as Dev Anand, was an Indian actor, writer, director and producer known for his work in Hindi cinema, through a career that spanned over six decades. He was one of the most successful actors of Indian cinema and a part of "Trinity- The Golden Trio" along with Raj Kapoor and Dilip Kumar. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 2001 and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2002 for his contribution to Indian cinema. He has won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor twice and Filmfare's Lifetime Achievement Award in 1993.
2. Hugh Griffiths, Baron Griffiths, English cricketer, lawyer, and judge (d. 2015) births
  1. Hugh Griffiths, Baron Griffiths
    
    William Hugh Griffiths, Baron Griffiths, MC, PC was a British soldier, cricketer, barrister, judge and life peer.
3. James Hennessy, English businessman and diplomat births
  1. James Hennessy (diplomat)
    
    Sir James Patrick Ivan Hennessy is a British retired diplomat and served as Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons from 1982 to 1987.
1922
1. Takis Miliadis, Greek actor (d. 1985) births
  1. Takis Miliadis
    
    Panagiotis (Takis) Miliadis was a Greek actor who is known for his comedic acting roles.
2. Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia (d. 2014) births
  1. Prince Nicholas Romanov
    
    Nicholas Romanovich Romanov was a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov and president of the Romanov Family Association. Although undoubtedly a descendant of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, his claimed titles and official membership in the former Imperial House were disputed by those who maintained that his parents' marriage violated the laws of Imperial Russia.
3. Charles Wade, Australian politician, 17th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1863) deaths
  1. Charles Wade
    
    Sir Charles Gregory Wade KCMG, KC, JP was Premier of New South Wales 2 October 1907 – 21 October 1910. According to Percival Serle, "Wade was a public-spirited man of high character. His ability, honesty and courage were quickly recognized and, though he could not be called a great leader, he was either in office or leader of the opposition for nearly the whole of his political life of 14 years. His career as a judge was short, but his sense of justice and grasp of principles and details, eminently fitted him for that position."
  2. Premier of New South Wales
    
    The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.
1919
1. Barbara Britton, American actress (d. 1980) births
  1. Barbara Britton
    
    Barbara Britton was an American film and television actress. She is best known for her Western film roles opposite Randolph Scott, Joel McCrea, and Gene Autry and for her two-year tenure as inquisitive amateur sleuth Pam North on the television and radio series Mr. and Mrs. North.
2. Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and author (d. 2012) births
  1. Matilde Camus
    
    Aurora Matilde Gómez Camus was a Spanish poet from Cantabria who also wrote non-fiction.
1918
1. Eric Morley, English businessman and television host, founded the Miss World (d. 2000) births
  1. Eric Morley
    
    Eric Douglas Morley was a British TV host and the founder of the Miss World pageant and Come Dancing TV programme. His wife, Julia Morley, is now head of the pageant and his son Steve Douglas is one of its presenters.
  2. Miss World
    
    Miss World is the oldest existing international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has co-chaired the pageant. Along with Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four international beauty pageants.
1917
1. Réal Caouette, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 1976) births
  1. Réal Caouette
    
    David Réal Caouette was a Canadian politician from Quebec. He was a member of Parliament (MP) and leader of the Social Credit Party of Canada and founder of the Ralliement des créditistes. Outside politics he worked as a car dealer.
2. Tran Duc Thao, Vietnamese-French philosopher and theorist (d. 1993) births
  1. Tran Duc Thao
    
    Trần Đức Thảo was a Vietnamese philosopher. His work attempted to unite phenomenology with Marxist philosophy. His work had some currency in France in the 1950s and 1960s, and was cited favorably by Jacques Derrida, Jean-François Lyotard and Louis Althusser.
1914
1. Achille Compagnoni, Italian skier and mountaineer (d. 2009) births
  1. Achille Compagnoni
    
    Achille Compagnoni was an Italian mountaineer and skier. Together with Lino Lacedelli on 31 July 1954 he was in the first party to reach the summit of K2.
2. Jack LaLanne, American fitness expert (d. 2011) births
  1. Jack LaLanne
    
    Francois Henri LaLanne was an American fitness and nutrition guru and motivational speaker. He described himself as being a "sugarholic" and a "junk food junkie" until he was aged 15. He also had behavioral problems, but "turned his life around" after listening to a public lecture about the benefits of good nutrition by health food pioneer Paul Bragg. During his career, he came to believe that the country's overall health depended on the health of its population, and referred to physical culture and nutrition as "the salvation of America."
1913
1. Frank Brimsek, American ice hockey player (d. 1998) births
  1. Frank Brimsek
    
    Francis Charles "Mr. Zero" Brimsek was an American professional ice hockey goaltender who played ten seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins and Chicago Black Hawks. He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as a rookie, and the Vezina Trophy twice, and he was named to the NHL All-Star team eight times. He was also a member of two Stanley Cup championships. At the time of his retirement in 1950, he held the records for most wins and shutouts recorded by an American goaltender; these records stood for 54 years and 61 years respectively. In 1966, he was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, the first American goalie to be inducted; and in 1973, he was part of the inaugural class of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In 1998, Brimsek was ranked number 67 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, the highest ranked American goaltender.
1911
1. Al Helfer, American sportscaster (d. 1975) births
  1. Al Helfer
    
    George Alvin "Al" Helfer was an American radio sportscaster.
1909
1. Bill France, Sr., American race car driver, founded NASCAR (d. 1992) births
  1. Bill France Sr.
    
    William Henry Getty France, also known as Bill France Sr. or Big Bill, was an American businessman and racing driver. He is best known for founding and managing NASCAR, a sanctioning body of US-based stock car racing.
  2. NASCAR
    
    The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, LLC (NASCAR) is an American auto racing sanctioning and operating company that is best known for stock car racing. The privately owned company was founded by Bill France Sr. in 1948, and his son, Jim France, has been the CEO since August 2018. The company is headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida. Each year, NASCAR sanctions over 1,500 races at over 100 tracks in 48 US states as well as in Canada, Mexico, Brazil and Europe.
2. A. P. Hamann, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (d. 1977) births
  1. A. P. Hamann
    
    Anthony P. Hamann, better known as A. P. Hamann or Dutch, was the city manager of San Jose, California, USA, from 1950 to 1969. During his tenure, San Jose grew from a small agriculture-based city of 95,000 residents to a large economically diverse city of almost 500,000.
1907
1. Anthony Blunt, English historian and spy (d. 1983) births
  1. Anthony Blunt
    
    Anthony Frederick Blunt, styled Sir Anthony Blunt KCVO from 1956 to November 1979, was a leading British art historian and Soviet spy.
2. Shug Fisher, American singer-songwriter, musician, actor, and comedian (d. 1984) births
  1. Shug Fisher
    
    Shug Fisher was an American character actor, singer, songwriter, musician, and comedian. During his 50-year entertainment career, he performed in many Western films, often as a member of the Sons of the Pioneers in serials and in B movies starring Roy Rogers. Fisher also was cast in supporting roles on a variety of television series, although most frequently on Gunsmoke and The Beverly Hillbillies. His comic trademarks included his ability to stutter at will and his bemused facial expressions.
3. Bep van Klaveren, Dutch boxer (d. 1992) births
  1. Bep van Klaveren
    
    Lambertus "Bep" van Klaveren was a Dutch boxer, who won the gold medal in the featherweight division at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. Van Klaveren remains the only Dutch boxer to have won an Olympic gold medal. His younger brother Piet competed as a boxer at the 1952 Summer Olympics.
1905
1. Millito Navarro, Puerto Rican baseball player (d. 2011) births
  1. Millito Navarro
    
    Emilio Navarro, better known as "Millito Navarro", was the first Puerto Rican to play baseball in the American Negro leagues. At the time of his death, at age 105, Navarro was the oldest former professional baseball player and the last surviving player from the American Negro League.
2. Karl Rappan, Austrian footballer and coach (d. 1996) births
  1. Karl Rappan
    
    Karl Rappan was an Austrian footballer and coach. He played and managed mostly in Switzerland, where he won multiple titles. He had four tenures as coach of the Switzerland national team, which he managed in three World Cups, and is the all-time leader in matches won as coach of the Swiss team. He introduced a major football strategy known as the "bolt", which gave origin to the catenaccio system. He also helped create the UEFA Intertoto Cup.
1904
1. Lafcadio Hearn, Greek-Japanese author and academic (b. 1850) deaths
  1. Lafcadio Hearn
    
    Koizumi Yakumo , born Patrick Lafcadio Hearn, was an Irish-Greek-Japanese writer, translator, and teacher who introduced the culture and literature of Japan to the West. His writings offered unprecedented insight into Japanese culture, especially his collections of legends and ghost stories, such as Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things. Before moving to Japan and becoming a Japanese citizen, he worked as a journalist in the United States, primarily in Cincinnati and New Orleans. His writings about New Orleans, based on his decade-long stay there, are also well-known.
2. John Fitzwilliam Stairs, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1848) deaths
  1. John Fitzwilliam Stairs
    
    John Fitzwilliam Stairs, also known as John Fitz William Stairs was an entrepreneur and statesman, born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, a member of the prominent Stairs family of merchants and shippers founded by William Machin Stairs (1789–1865) that included the Victorian era explorer, William Grant Stairs.
1902
1. Levi Strauss, German-American businessman, founded Levi Strauss & Co. (b. 1829) deaths
  1. Levi Strauss
    
    Levi Strauss was a German-born American businessman who founded the first company to manufacture blue jeans. His firm of Levi Strauss & Co. (Levi's) began in 1853 in San Francisco, California.
  2. Levi Strauss & Co.
    
    Levi Strauss & Co. is an American clothing company known worldwide for its Levi's brand of denim jeans. It was founded in May 1853 when German-Jewish immigrant Levi Strauss moved from Buttenheim, Bavaria, to San Francisco, California, to open a west coast branch of his brothers' New York dry goods business. Although the corporation is registered in Delaware, the company's corporate headquarters is located in Levi's Plaza in San Francisco.
1901
1. George Raft, American actor, singer, and dancer (d. 1980) births
  1. George Raft
    
    George Raft was an American film actor and dancer identified with portrayals of gangsters in crime melodramas of the 1930s and 1940s. A stylish leading man in dozens of movies, Raft is remembered for his gangster roles in Quick Millions (1931) with Spencer Tracy, Scarface (1932) with Paul Muni, Each Dawn I Die (1939) with James Cagney, Invisible Stripes (1939) with Humphrey Bogart, Billy Wilder's comedy Some Like It Hot (1959) with Marilyn Monroe and Jack Lemmon, and as a dancer in Bolero (1934) with Carole Lombard and a truck driver in They Drive by Night (1940) with Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino and Bogart.
2. Ted Weems, American bandleader and musician (d. 1963) births
  1. Ted Weems
    
    Wilfred Theodore Wemyes, known professionally as Ted Weems, was an American bandleader and musician. Weems's work in music was recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
1900
1. Suzanne Belperron, French jewelry designer (d. 1983) births
  1. Suzanne Belperron
    
    Suzanne Belperron (1900–1983), born in Saint-Claude, France, was an influential 20th-century jewellery designer based in Paris. She worked for the Boivin and Herz jewellery houses before the outbreak of World War II. Subsequently, she took over the Herz company, renaming it Herz-Belperron. Belperron had many important client, from royalty, arts and show business on both sides of the Atlantic.
1898
1. George Gershwin, American pianist and composer (d. 1937) births
  1. George Gershwin
    
    George Gershwin was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned popular, jazz and classical genres. Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue (1924) and An American in Paris (1928), the songs "Swanee" (1919) and "Fascinating Rhythm" (1924), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" (1928) and "I Got Rhythm" (1930), and the opera Porgy and Bess (1935), which included the hit "Summertime".
1897
1. Pope Paul VI (d. 1978) births
  1. Pope Paul VI
    
    Pope Paul VI was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in August 1978. Succeeding John XXIII, he continued the Second Vatican Council, which he closed in 1965, implementing its numerous reforms. He fostered improved ecumenical relations with Eastern Orthodox and Protestant churches, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements.
2. Arthur Rhys-Davids, English lieutenant and pilot (d. 1917) births
  1. Arthur Rhys-Davids
    
    Arthur Percival Foley Rhys-Davids, was a British flying ace of the First World War.
1895
1. Jürgen Stroop, German general (d. 1952) births
  1. Jürgen Stroop
    
    Jürgen Stroop was a German SS commander during the Nazi era, who served as SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland and Greece. He led the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 and wrote the Stroop Report, a book-length account of the operation. Following the defeat of Germany, Stroop was prosecuted during the Dachau Trials and convicted of murdering nine U.S. prisoners of war. After his extradition to Poland, Stroop was tried, convicted, and executed for crimes against humanity.
1894
1. Gladys Brockwell, American actress (d. 1929) births
  1. Gladys Brockwell
    
    Gladys Brockwell was an American actress whose career began during the silent film era.
1892
1. Robert Staughton Lynd, American sociologist and academic (d. 1970) births
  1. Robert Staughton Lynd
    
    Robert Staughton Lynd was an American sociologist and professor at Columbia University, New York City. He is best known for conducting the first Middletown studies of Muncie, Indiana, with his wife, Helen Lynd; as the coauthor of Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (1929) and Middletown in Transition: A Study in Cultural Conflicts (1937); and a pioneer in the use of social surveys. He was also the author of Knowledge for What? The Place of the Social Sciences in American Culture (1939). In addition to writing and research, Lynd taught at Columbia from 1931 to 1960. He also served on U.S government committees and advisory boards, including President Herbert Hoover's Research Committee on Social Trends and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's Consumers' Advisory Board of the National Recovery Administration. Lynd was also a member of several scientific societies.
1891
1. William McKell, Australian politician, 12th Governor General of Australia (d. 1985) births
  1. William McKell
    
    Sir William John McKell was an Australian politician who served as the 12th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1947 to 1953. He had previously been Premier of New South Wales from 1941 to 1947, as leader of the Labor Party.
  2. Governor-General of Australia
    
    The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in Australia. The governor-general is appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of government ministers. The governor-general has formal presidency over the Federal Executive Council and is commander-in-chief of the Australian Defence Force. The functions of the governor-general include appointing ministers, judges, and ambassadors; giving royal assent to legislation passed by parliament; issuing writs for election; and bestowing Australian honours.
2. Charles Münch, French violinist and conductor (d. 1968) births
  1. Charles Munch (conductor)
    
    Charles Munch was an Alsatian French symphonic conductor and violinist. Noted for his mastery of the French orchestral repertoire, he was best known as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra.
3. Hans Reichenbach, German philosopher from the Vienna Circle (d. 1953) births
  1. Hans Reichenbach
    
    Hans Reichenbach was a leading philosopher of science, educator, and proponent of logical empiricism. He was influential in the areas of science, education, and of logical empiricism. He founded the Gesellschaft für empirische Philosophie in Berlin in 1928, also known as the “Berlin Circle”. Carl Gustav Hempel, Richard von Mises, David Hilbert and Kurt Grelling all became members of the Berlin Circle.
1890
1. Jack Tresadern, English footballer and manager (d. 1959) births
  1. Jack Tresadern
    
    John Tresadern was an English professional footballer and football manager. He played twice for the England national side.
1889
1. Gordon Brewster, Irish cartoonist (d. 1946) births
  1. Gordon Brewster
    
    William Gordon Brewster was an Irish illustrator and editorial cartoonist.
2. Martin Heidegger, German philosopher and academic (d. 1976) births
  1. Martin Heidegger
    
    Martin Heidegger was a German philosopher who is best known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism. He is among the most important and influential philosophers of the 20th century. He has been widely criticized for supporting the Nazi Party after his election as rector at the University of Freiburg in 1933, and there has been controversy about the relationship between his philosophy and Nazism.
1888
1. J. Frank Dobie, American journalist and author (d. 1964) births
  1. J. Frank Dobie
    
    James Frank Dobie was an American folklorist, writer, and newspaper columnist best known for his many books depicting the richness and traditions of life in rural Texas during the days of the open range. As a public figure, he was known in his lifetime for his outspoken liberal views against Texas state politics, and carried out a long, personal war against what he saw as braggart Texans, religious prejudice, restraints on individual liberty, and the mechanized world's assault on the human spirit. He was instrumental in saving the Texas Longhorn breed of cattle from extinction.
2. T. S. Eliot, English poet, playwright, critic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965) births
  1. T. S. Eliot
    
    Thomas Stearns Eliot was a poet, essayist, publisher, playwright, literary critic and editor. Considered one of the 20th century's major poets, he is a central figure in English-language Modernist poetry.
  2. Nobel Prize in Literature
    
    The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.
1887
1. Edwin Keppel Bennett, English author and poet (d. 1958) births
  1. Edwin Keppel Bennett
    
    Edwin Keppel Bennett, noms de plume: Francis Bennett, Francis Keppel, was an English writer, poet, Germanist, and a prominent academic. He served as the president of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge between 1948 and 1956.
2. Antonio Moreno, Spanish-American actor and director (d. 1967) births
  1. Antonio Moreno
    
    Antonio Garrido Monteagudo, better known as Antonio Moreno or Tony Moreno, was a Spanish-born American actor and film director of the silent film era and through the 1950s.
3. Barnes Wallis, English scientist and engineer, invented the Bouncing bomb (d. 1979) births
  1. Barnes Wallis
    
    Sir Barnes Neville Wallis was an English engineer and inventor. He is best known for inventing the bouncing bomb used by the Royal Air Force in Operation Chastise to attack the dams of the Ruhr Valley during World War II.
  2. Bouncing bomb
    
    A bouncing bomb is a bomb designed to bounce to a target across water in a calculated manner to avoid obstacles such as torpedo nets, and to allow both the bomb's speed on arrival at the target and the timing of its detonation to be pre-determined, in a similar fashion to a regular naval depth charge. The inventor of the first such bomb was the British engineer Barnes Wallis, whose "Upkeep" bouncing bomb was used in the RAF's Operation Chastise of May 1943 to bounce into German dams and explode under water, with effect similar to the underground detonation of the Grand Slam and Tallboy earthquake bombs, both of which he also invented.
1886
1. Archibald Hill, English physiologist, academic, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1977) births
  1. Archibald Hill
    
    Archibald Vivian Hill, known as A. V. Hill, was a British physiologist, one of the founders of the diverse disciplines of biophysics and operations research. He shared the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of heat and mechanical work in muscles.
  2. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
1884
1. Jack Bickell, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1951) births
  1. Jack Bickell
    
    John Paris Bickell, also known as Jack Bickell, was a Canadian businessman, philanthropist, and sports team owner. He is best known for his long-time association with the Toronto Maple Leafs professional ice hockey team as the owner, president, chairman and director 1924–1951.
1878
1. Walter Steinbeck, German actor (d. 1942) births
  1. Walter Steinbeck
    
    Walter Steinbeck was a German film actor.
1877
1. Ugo Cerletti, Italian neurologist and academic (d. 1963) births
  1. Ugo Cerletti
    
    Ugo Cerletti was an Italian neurologist who discovered the method of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) used in psychiatry. Electroconvulsive therapy is a therapy in which electric current is used to provoke a seizure for a short duration. This therapy is used in an attempt to treat certain mental disorders, and may be useful when other possible treatments have not, or cannot, cure the person of their mental disorder.
2. Alfred Cortot, Swiss pianist and conductor (d. 1962) births
  1. Alfred Cortot
    
    Alfred Denis Cortot was a French pianist, conductor, and teacher who was one of the most renowned classical musicians of the 20th century. A pianist of massive repertory, he was especially valued for his poetic insight into Romantic piano works, particularly those of Chopin, Franck, Saint-Saëns and Schumann. For Éditions Durand, he edited editions of almost all piano music by Chopin, Liszt and Schumann.
3. Bertha De Vriese, Belgian physician (d. 1958) births
  1. Bertha De Vriese
    
    Bertha De Vriese was a Belgian physician. When she earned her degree as a doctor of medicine at Ghent University, where she was the first woman to conduct research and the first woman physician to graduate from the school. Although she was not allowed to pursue an academic career, De Vriese opened a private pediatric clinic and served as the director of the Children's Ward at the Bijloke Hospital in Ghent. In 1914, she married Josef Vercouillie, also a physician.
4. Hermann Grassmann, German mathematician and physicist (b. 1809) deaths
  1. Hermann Grassmann
    
    Hermann Günther Grassmann was a German polymath known in his day as a linguist and now also as a mathematician. He was also a physicist, general scholar, and publisher. His mathematical work was little noted until he was in his sixties.
1876
1. Edith Abbott, American economist, social worker, and author (d. 1957) births
  1. Edith Abbott
    
    Edith Abbott was an American economist, statistician, social worker, educator, and author. Abbott was born in Grand Island, Nebraska. Abbott was a pioneer in the profession of social work with an educational background in economics. She was a leading activist in social reform with the ideals that humanitarianism needed to be embedded in education. Abbott was also in charge of implementing social work studies to the graduate level. Though she was met with resistance on her work with social reform at the University of Chicago, she ultimately was successful and was elected as the school's dean in 1924, making her the first female dean in the United States. Abbott was foremost an educator and saw her work as a combination of legal studies and humanitarian work which shows in her social security legislation. She is known as an economist who pursued implementing social work at the graduate level. Her younger sister was Grace Abbott.Social work will never become a profession—except through the professional schools
2. Ghulam Bhik Nairang, Indian poet, lawyer, and politician (d. 1952) births
  1. Ghulam Bhik Nairang
    
    Syed Ghulam Bhik Nairang was a distinguished lawyer, poet and Pakistan Movement leader. He was the Deputy Leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1938 to 1942, and was appointed to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan in April, 1950.
1875
1. Edmund Gwenn, English-American actor (d. 1959) births
  1. Edmund Gwenn
    
    Edmund Gwenn was an English actor. On film, he is best remembered for his role as Kris Kringle in the Christmas film Miracle on 34th Street (1947), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding Golden Globe Award. He received a second Golden Globe and another Academy Award nomination for the comedy film Mister 880 (1950). He is also remembered for his appearances in four films directed by Alfred Hitchcock.
1874
1. Lewis Hine, American photographer and activist (d. 1940) births
  1. Lewis Hine
    
    Lewis Wickes Hine was an American sociologist and muckraker photographer. His photographs were instrumental in bringing about the passage of the first child labor laws in the United States.
1873
1. Wacław Berent, Polish author and translator (d. 1940) births
  1. Wacław Berent
    
    Wacław Berent was a Polish novelist, essayist and literary translator from the Art Nouveau period, publishing under the pen names S.A.M. and Wł. Rawicz. He studied Natural Science in Kraków and Zurich, and obtained a PhD in Munich before returning to Warsaw and embarking on a literary career around the turn of the century. Having devoted himself to writing he was influenced by Nietzsche, whom he translated. Berent became a member of the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature in 1933.
1872
1. Max Ehrmann, American poet and lawyer (d. 1945) births
  1. Max Ehrmann
    
    Max Ehrmann was an American writer, poet, and attorney from Terre Haute, Indiana, widely known for his 1927 prose poem "Desiderata". He often wrote on spiritual themes.
1870
1. Christian X of Denmark (d. 1947) births
  1. Christian X of Denmark
    
    Christian X was King of Denmark from 1912 to his death in 1947, and the only King of Iceland as Kristján 10, in the form of a personal union rather than a real union between 1918 and 1944.
1869
1. Komitas, Armenian-French priest and composer (d. 1935) births
  1. Komitas
    
    Soghomon Soghomonian, ordained and commonly known as Komitas, was an Armenian priest, musicologist, composer, arranger, singer, and choirmaster, who is considered the founder of the Armenian national school of music. He is recognized as one of the pioneers of ethnomusicology.
1868
1. August Ferdinand Möbius, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1790) deaths
  1. August Ferdinand Möbius
    
    August Ferdinand Möbius was a German mathematician and theoretical astronomer.
1865
1. Archibald Butt, United States Army Officer (d. 1912) births
  1. Archibald Butt
    
    Archibald Willingham DeGraffenreid Clarendon Butt was an American Army officer and aide to presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. After a few years as a newspaper reporter, he served two years as the First Secretary of the American embassy in Mexico. He was commissioned in the United States Volunteers in 1898 and served in the Quartermaster Corps during the Spanish–American War. After brief postings in Washington, D.C., and Cuba, he was appointed military aide to Republican presidents Roosevelt and Taft. He was a highly influential advisor on a wide range of topics to both men, and his writings are a major source of historical information on the presidencies. He died in the sinking of the British liner Titanic in 1912.
  2. United States Army
    
    The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed 14 June 1775 to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)—before the United States was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself to be a continuation of the Continental Army, and thus considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775.
2. Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford (d. 1937) births
  1. Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford
    
    Mary Du Caurroy Russell, Duchess of Bedford, was a British aviator and ornithologist. She was honoured for her work in founding hospitals and working in them during the First World War. She later financed and took part in record breaking flights to Karachi and Cape Town.
1849
1. Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936) births
  1. Ivan Pavlov
    
    Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, was a Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist, psychologist and physiologist known for his discovery of classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs.
  2. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
1848
1. Henry Walters, American art collector and philanthropist (d. 1931) births
  1. Henry Walters
    
    Henry Walters was noted as an art collector and philanthropist, a founder of the Walters Art Gallery in Baltimore, Maryland, which he donated to the city in his 1931 will for the benefit of the public. From the late 19th century, Walters lived most of the time in New York City, where from 1903 on, he served on the executive committee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan on Fifth Avenue. He was selected as second vice president in 1913, a position he held until his death.
1846
1. Thomas Clarkson, English abolitionist (b. 1760) deaths
  1. Thomas Clarkson
    
    Thomas Clarkson was an English abolitionist, and a leading campaigner against the slave trade in the British Empire. He helped found The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade and helped achieve passage of the Slave Trade Act 1807, which ended British trade in slaves.
1843
1. Joseph Furphy, Australian author and poet (d. 1912) births
  1. Joseph Furphy
    
    Joseph Furphy was an Australian author and poet who is widely regarded as the "Father of the Australian novel". He mostly wrote under the pseudonym Tom Collins and is best known for his novel Such Is Life (1903), regarded as an Australian classic.
1840
1. Louis-Olivier Taillon, Canadian lawyer and politician, 8th Premier of Quebec (d. 1923) births
  1. Louis-Olivier Taillon
    
    Sir Louis-Olivier Taillon was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was the eighth premier of Quebec, serving two separate terms.
  2. Premier of Quebec
    
    The premier of Quebec is the head of government of the Canadian province of Quebec. The current premier of Quebec is François Legault of the Coalition Avenir Québec, sworn in on October 18, 2018, following that year's election.
1820
1. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Indian philosopher, painter, and academic (d. 1891) births
  1. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
    
    Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar CIE, born Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay, was an Indian educator and social reformer of the nineteenth century. His efforts to simplify and modernise Bengali prose were significant. He also rationalised and simplified the Bengali alphabet and type, which had remained unchanged since Charles Wilkins and Panchanan Karmakar had cut the first (wooden) Bengali type in 1780.
2. Daniel Boone, American hunter and explorer (b. 1734) deaths
  1. Daniel Boone
    
    Daniel Boone was an American pioneer and frontiersman whose exploits made him one of the first folk heroes of the United States. He became famous for his exploration and settlement of Kentucky, which was then beyond the western borders of the Thirteen Colonies. In 1775, Boone blazed the Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap and into Kentucky, in the face of resistance from American Indians, for whom Kentucky was a traditional hunting ground. He founded Boonesborough, one of the first English-speaking settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains. By the end of the 18th century, more than 200,000 people had entered Kentucky by following the route marked by Boone.
1802
1. Jurij Vega, Slovene mathematician and physicist (b. 1754) deaths
  1. Jurij Vega
    
    Baron Jurij Bartolomej Vega was a Slovene mathematician, physicist and artillery officer.
1800
1. William Billings, American composer and educator (b. 1746) deaths
  1. William Billings
    
    William Billings is regarded as the first American choral composer, and leading member of the First New England School.
1792
1. William Hobson, Irish-New Zealand explorer and politician, 1st Governor of New Zealand (d. 1842) births
  1. William Hobson
    
    Captain William Hobson was a British Royal Navy officer who served as the first Governor of New Zealand. He was a co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi.
  2. Governor-General of New Zealand
    
    The governor-general of New Zealand is the viceregal representative of the monarch of New Zealand, currently King Charles III. As the King is concurrently the monarch of 14 other Commonwealth realms and lives in the United Kingdom, he, on the advice of his New Zealand prime minister, appoints a governor-general to carry out his constitutional and ceremonial duties within the Realm of New Zealand.
1791
1. Théodore Géricault, French painter and lithographer (d. 1824) births
  1. Théodore Géricault
    
    Jean-Louis André Théodore Géricault was a French painter and lithographer, whose best-known painting is The Raft of the Medusa. Although he died young, he was one of the pioneers of the Romantic movement.
1783
1. Richard Griffin, 3rd Baron Braybrooke, English politician and literary figure (d. 1858) births
  1. Richard Griffin, 3rd Baron Braybrooke
    
    Richard Griffin, 3rd Baron Braybrooke, known as Richard Neville until 1797 and as the Hon. Richard Griffin between 1797 and 1825, was a British Whig politician and literary figure.
1774
1. Johnny Appleseed, American gardener and environmentalist (d. 1845) births
  1. Johnny Appleseed
    
    John Chapman, better known as Johnny Appleseed, was an American pioneer nurseryman who introduced apple trees to large parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Ontario, as well as the northern counties of present-day West Virginia. He became an American legend while still alive, due to his kind, generous ways, his leadership in conservation, and the symbolic importance he attributed to apples. He was also a missionary for The New Church (Swedenborgian) and the inspiration for many museums and historical sites such as the Johnny Appleseed Museum in Urbana, Ohio.
1767
1. Wenzel Müller, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1835) births
  1. Wenzel Müller
    
    Wenzel Müller was an Austrian composer and conductor. He is regarded as the most prolific opera composer of all time with his 166 operas.
1764
1. Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, Spanish monk and scholar (b. 1676) deaths
  1. Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro
    
    Friar Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro was a Spanish monk and scholar who led the Age of Enlightenment in Spain. He was an energetic popularizer noted for encouraging scientific and empirical thought in an effort to debunk myths and superstitions.
1758
1. Cosme Argerich, Argentinian physician (d. 1820) births
  1. Cosme Argerich
    
    Cosme Mariano Argerich was a pioneer of military medical practices in Argentina.
1750
1. Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, English admiral (d. 1810) births
  1. Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood
    
    Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood was an admiral of the Royal Navy, notable as a partner with Lord Nelson in several of the British victories of the Napoleonic Wars, and frequently as Nelson's successor in commands.
1716
1. Antoine Parent, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1666) deaths
  1. Antoine Parent
    
    Antoine Parent was a French mathematician, born in Paris and died there, who wrote in 1700 on analytical geometry of three dimensions. His works were collected and published in three volumes at Paris in 1713.
1711
1. Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, English politician, First Lord of the Admiralty (d. 1779) births
  1. Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple
    
    Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761. He resigned along with Pitt in protest at the cabinet's failure to declare war on Spain.
  2. First Lord of the Admiralty
    
    The First Lord of the Admiralty, or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty, was the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy. He was the government's senior adviser on all naval affairs, responsible for the direction and control of the Admiralty, and also of general administration of the Naval Service of the Kingdom of England, Great Britain in the 18th century, and then the United Kingdom, including the Royal Navy, the Royal Marines, and other services. It was one of the earliest known permanent government posts. Apart from being the political head of the Naval Service the post holder was simultaneously the pre-eminent member of the Board of Admiralty. The office of First Lord of the Admiralty existed from 1628 until it was abolished when the Admiralty, Air Ministry, Ministry of Defence, and War Office were all merged to form the new Ministry of Defence in 1964. Its modern-day equivalent is the Secretary of State for Defence.
1698
1. William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire (d. 1755) births
  1. William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire
    
    William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire, was a British nobleman and Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1721 to 1729 when he inherited the Dukedom.
1660
1. George William, Duke of Liegnitz (d. 1675) births
  1. George William, Duke of Liegnitz
    
    George William, also known as George IV William was the last Silesian duke of Legnica (Liegnitz) and Brzeg (Brieg) from 1672 until his death. He was the last male member of the Silesian Piast dynasty descending from Władysław II the Exile (1105–1159).
1651
1. Francis Daniel Pastorius, founder of Germantown, Philadelphia (d. 1720) births
  1. Francis Daniel Pastorius
    
    Francis Daniel Pastorius was a German born educator, lawyer, poet, and public official. He was the founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania, now part of Philadelphia, the first permanent German-American settlement and the gateway for subsequent emigrants from Germany.
  2. Germantown, Philadelphia
    
    Germantown is an area in Northwest Philadelphia. Founded by German, Quaker, and Mennonite families in 1683 as an independent borough, it was absorbed into Philadelphia in 1854. The area, which is about six miles northwest from the city center, now consists of two neighborhoods: 'Germantown' and 'East Germantown'.
1641
1. Nehemiah Grew, English plant anatomist and physiologist (d. 1712) births
  1. Nehemiah Grew
    
    Nehemiah Grew was an English plant anatomist and physiologist, known as the "Father of Plant Anatomy".
1637
1. Sébastien Leclerc, French painter (d. 1714) births
  1. Sébastien Leclerc
    
    Sébastien Leclerc or Le Clerc was a French artist from the Duchy of Lorraine. He specialized in subtle reproductive drawings, etchings, and engravings of paintings; and worked mostly in Paris, where he was counseled by the King's painter, Charles Le Brun, to devote himself entirely to engraving. Leclerc joined the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture in 1672 and taught perspective there. He worked for Louis XIV, being made "graveur du Roi", doing engraving work for the royal house. Leclerc also engaged in periodic work as a technical draftsman and military engineer.
1626
1. Wakisaka Yasuharu, Japanese daimyō (b. 1554) deaths
  1. Wakisaka Yasuharu
    
    Wakisaka Yasuharu , sometimes referred to as Wakizaka Yasuharu, was a daimyō of Awaji Island who fought under a number of warlords over the course of Japan's Sengoku period. Wakisaka originally served under Akechi Mitsuhide, a vassal of Oda Nobunaga.
1623
1. Charles Grey, 7th Earl of Kent, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire (b. 1540) deaths
  1. Charles Grey, 7th Earl of Kent
    
    Charles Grey was Earl of Kent from 1615 to his death.
  2. Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire
    
    This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire. Since 1711, all Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Bedfordshire.
1620
1. Taichang Emperor of China (b. 1582) deaths
  1. Taichang Emperor
    
    The Taichang Emperor, personal name Zhu Changluo, was the 15th Emperor of the Ming dynasty. He was the eldest son of the Wanli Emperor and succeeded his father as emperor in 1620. However, his reign came to an abrupt end less than one month after his coronation when he was found dead one morning in the palace following a bout of diarrhea. He was succeeded by his son, Zhu Youjiao, who was enthroned as the Tianqi Emperor. His era name, Taichang, means "grand prosperity." His reign was the shortest in Ming history.
1600
1. Claude Le Jeune, French composer (b. 1530) deaths
  1. Claude Le Jeune
    
    Claude Le Jeune was a Franco-Flemish composer of the late Renaissance. He was the primary representative of the musical movement known as musique mesurée, and a significant composer of the "Parisian" chanson, the predominant secular form in France in the latter half of the 16th century. His fame was widespread in Europe, and he ranks as one of the most influential composers of the time.
1588
1. Amias Paulet, Governor of Jersey (b. 1532) deaths
  1. Amias Paulet
    
    Sir Amias Paulet of Hinton St. George, Somerset, was an English diplomat, Governor of Jersey, and the gaoler for a period of Mary, Queen of Scots.
1536
1. Didier de Saint-Jaille, 46th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller deaths
  1. Didier de Saint-Jaille
    
    Fra' Didier de Saint-Jaille was the 46th Grand Master of the Order of Saint John between 1535 and 1536.
  2. Knights Hospitaller
    
    The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller, was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headquartered in the Kingdom of Jerusalem until 1291, on the island of Rhodes from 1310 until 1522, in Malta from 1530 until 1798 and at Saint Petersburg from 1799 until 1801. Today several organizations continue the Hospitaller tradition, specifically the mutually recognized orders of St. John, which are the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John, the Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Chivalric Order of Saint John, the Order of Saint John in the Netherlands, and the Order of Saint John in Sweden.
1526
1. Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (d. 1569) births
  1. Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken
    
    Count Palatine Wolfgang of Zweibrücken was member of the Wittelsbach family of the Counts Palatine and Duke of Zweibrücken from 1532. With the support of his regent, his uncle Rupert, Wolfgang introduced the Reformation to Zweibrücken as early as 1537.
1468
1. Juan de Torquemada, Spanish cardinal and theologian (b. 1388) deaths
  1. Juan de Torquemada (cardinal)
    
    Juan de Torquemada, O.P., , Spanish ecclesiastic, defender of Jewish conversos, has been described as the most articulate papal apologist of the fifteenth century. He was an uncle of Tomás de Torquemada, afterwards notorious as the persecuting Grand Inquisitor.
1462
1. Engelbert, Count of Nevers, younger son of John I, Duke of Cleves (d. 1506) births
  1. Engelbert, Count of Nevers
    
    Engelbert of Cleves, Count of Nevers was the younger son of John I, Duke of Cleves and Elizabeth of Nevers, only surviving child of John II, Count of Nevers.
  2. John I, Duke of Cleves
    
    John I, Duke of Cleves, Count of Mark. Jean de Belliqueux (warlike), was Duke of Cleves and Count of Mark.
1417
1. Francesco Zabarella, Italian cardinal (b. 1360) deaths
  1. Francesco Zabarella
    
    Francesco Zabarella was an Italian cardinal and canonist.
1413
1. Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1337) deaths
  1. Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
    
    Stephen III, called the Magnificent or the Fop, was the Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt from 1375. He was the eldest son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.
1406
1. Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician (d. 1430) births
  1. Thomas Ros, 8th Baron Ros
    
    Thomas Ros or Roos, 8th Baron Ros of Helmsley was an English peer.
1371
1. Jovan Uglješa, Serbian despot deaths
  1. Uglješa Mrnjavčević
    
    Jovan Uglješa Mrnjavčević, known as Jovan Uglješa, was a Serbian medieval nobleman of the Mrnjavčević family and one of the most prominent magnates of the Serbian Empire. He held the title of despot, received from Serbian Emperor Stefan Uroš V, whose co-ruler - Serbian King Vukašin was brother of Uglješa.
1345
1. William II, Count of Hainaut deaths
  1. William II, Count of Hainaut
    
    William II was Count of Hainaut from 1337 until his death. He was also Count of Holland and Count of Zeeland. He succeeded his father, Count William I of Hainaut. While away fighting in Prussia, the Frisians revolted. William returned home and was killed at the Battle of Warns.
1329
1. Anne of Bavaria, German queen consort (d. 1353) births
  1. Anne of Bavaria
    
    Anne of Bavaria was Queen of Bohemia by marriage to Charles of Luxembourg. She was the daughter of Rudolf II, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Anna, daughter of Otto III of Carinthia.
1328
1. Ibn Taymiya, Islamic scholar and philosopher of Harran (b. 1263) deaths
  1. Ibn Taymiyyah
    
    Ibn Taymiyyah, birth name Taqī ad-Dīn ʾAḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm ibn ʿAbd al-Salām al-Numayrī al-Ḥarrānī, was a Sunni ʿĀlim, muhaddith, judge, proto-Salafist theologian, and sometimes controversial thinker and political figure. He is known for his diplomatic involvement with the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan and for his involvement at the Battle of Marj al-Saffar which ended the Mongol invasions of the Levant. A member of the Hanbali school, Ibn Taymiyyah's iconoclastic views that condemned numerous folk practices associated with saint veneration and the visitation of tomb-shrines; made him unpopular with many scholars and rulers of the time, and he was imprisoned several times.
1327
1. Cecco d'Ascoli, Italian encyclopaedist, physician and poet (b. 1257) deaths
  1. Cecco d'Ascoli
    
    Cecco d'Ascoli is the popular name of Francesco degli Stabili, an Italian encyclopaedist, physician and poet. Cecco is the diminutive of Francesco, Ascoli was the place of his birth. The lunar crater Cichus is named after him.
1313
1. Gottfried von Hagenau, Alsatian theologian, medical doctor, and poet deaths
  1. Gottfried von Hagenau
    
    Gottfried von Hagenau was a medieval priest, physician, theologian and poet from Alsace. As his name suggests, he was probably born in Haguenau, before 1275.
1290
1. Margaret, Maid of Norway Queen of Scotland (b. 1283) deaths
  1. Margaret, Maid of Norway
    
    Margaret, known as the Maid of Norway, was the queen-designate of Scotland from 1286 until her death. As she was never inaugurated, her status as monarch is uncertain and has been debated by historians.
1241
1. Fujiwara no Teika, Japanese poet deaths
  1. Fujiwara no Teika
    
    Fujiwara no Sadaie (藤原定家), better-known as Fujiwara no Teika, was a Japanese anthologist, calligrapher, literary critic, novelist, poet, and scribe of the late Heian and early Kamakura periods. His influence was enormous, and he is counted as among the greatest of Japanese poets, and perhaps the greatest master of the waka form – an ancient poetic form consisting of five lines with a total of 31 syllables.
932
1. Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, Arab caliph (d. 975) births
  1. Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
    
    Abu Tamim Ma'ad al-Muizz li-Din Allah was the fourth Fatimid caliph and the 14th Ismaili imam, reigning from 953 to 975. It was during his caliphate that the center of power of the Fatimid dynasty was moved from Ifriqiya to Egypt. The Fatimids founded the city of al-Qāhirah (Cairo) "the Victorious" in 969 as the new capital of the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt.
862
1. Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi, Muslim military leader (b. c. 790) deaths
  1. Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi
    
    Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi (Arabic: موسى بن موسى القسوي also nicknamed the Great ; died 26 September 862) was leader of the Muwallad Banu Qasi clan and ruler of a semi-autonomous principality in the upper Ebro valley in northern Iberia in the 9th century.
800
1. Berowulf, bishop of Würzburg deaths
  1. Berowulf
    
    Berowulf or Berowelf was the bishop of Würzburg from 768 or 769 until his death. Since the 11th century, his name has appeared as Bernwelf. It may also be spelled Berowolf, Bernwulf or Bernulf. Berowulf's predecessor, Megingoz, retired in 768.
  2. Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg
    
    The Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire located in Lower Franconia, west of the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg. Würzburg had been a diocese since 743. As established by the Concordat of 1448, bishops in Germany were chosen by the canons of the cathedral chapter and their election was later confirmed by the pope. Following a common practice in Germany, the prince-bishops of Würzburg were frequently elected to other ecclesiastical principalities as well. The last few prince-bishops resided at the Würzburg Residence, which is one of the grandest Baroque palaces in Europe.

Holidays

Christian feast days: Canadian Martyrs (Catholic Church in Canada)
1. Canadian Martyrs
  
  The Canadian Martyrs, also known as the North American Martyrs, were eight Jesuit missionaries from Sainte-Marie among the Hurons. They were ritually tortured and killed on various dates in the mid-17th century in Canada, in what is now southern Ontario, and in upstate New York, during the warfare between the Iroquois and the Huron. They have subsequently been canonized and venerated as martyrs by the Catholic Church.
Christian feast days: Cosmas and Damian
1. Saints Cosmas and Damian
  
  Cosmas and Damian were two Arab physicians in the town Cyrrhus, and were reputedly twin brothers, and early Christian martyrs. They practised their profession in the seaport of Aegeae, then in the Roman province of Syria.
Christian feast days: John of Meda
1. John of Meda
  
  John of Meda, Ord.Hum., also known as John of Como, was an Italian monk of the Humiliati Order and abbot at their monasteries at Milan and Como. He has been declared a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.
Christian feast days: Nilus the Younger
1. Nilus the Younger
  
  Nilus the Younger, also called Neilos of Rossano was a monk, abbot, and founder of Italo-Byzantine monasticism in southern Italy. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, and his feast day is celebrated on September 26 in both the Byzantine Calendar and the Roman Martyrology.
Christian feast days: Wilson Carlile (Anglican)
1. Wilson Carlile
  
  Wilson Carlile, CH (1847–1942) was an English priest and evangelist who founded the Church Army and was a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral, London. Known as "The Chief", Carlile inspired generations of evangelists.
2. Calendar of saints (Church of England)
  
  The Church of England commemorates many of the same saints as those in the General Roman Calendar, mostly on the same days, but also commemorates various notable Christians who have not been canonised by Rome, with a particular though not exclusive emphasis on those of English origin. There are differences in the calendars of other churches of the Anglican Communion.
Christian feast days: September 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
1. September 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  
  Sep. 25 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - Sep. 27
Day of the National Flag (Ecuador)
1. Flag Day
  
  A flag day is a flag-related holiday, a day designated for flying a certain flag or a day set aside to celebrate a historical event such as a nation's adoption of its flag.
2. Ecuador
  
  Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's capital and largest city is Quito.
Dominion Day (New Zealand)
1. Dominion Day
  
  Dominion Day was a day commemorating the granting of certain countries Dominion status — that is, "autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another in any aspect of their domestic or external affairs, though united by a common allegiance to the Crown, and freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth of Nations. It was an official public holiday in Canada from 1879 to 1982, where it was celebrated on 1 July; that date is now known as Canada Day. In the Dominion of New Zealand, the anniversary of the granting of Dominion status, on 26 September, was observed as Dominion Day; it was never a public holiday.
2. New Zealand
  
  New Zealand is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island and the South Island —and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering 268,021 square kilometres (103,500 sq mi). New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres (600 mi) south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland.
European Day of Languages (European Union)
1. European Day of Languages
  
  The European Day of Languages is observed 26 September, as proclaimed by the Council of Europe on 6 December 2001, at the end of the European Year of Languages (2001), which had been jointly organised by the Council of Europe and the European Union. Its aim is to encourage language learning across Europe.
2. European Union
  
  The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The union has a total area of 4,233,255.3 km2 (1,634,469.0 sq mi) and an estimated total population of about 447 million. The EU has often been described as a sui generis political entity combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation.
National Good Neighbor Day (United States)
1. National Good Neighbor Day
  
  National Good Neighbor Day is a national holiday in the United States celebrated on September 28.
2. United States
  
  The United States of America, commonly known as the United States or America, is a country in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. It is the third-largest country by both land and total area. The United States shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south. It has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 331 million, it is the most populous country in North America and the third most populous in the world. The national capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city and financial center is New York City.
Petrov day
1. 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident
  
  On 26 September 1983, during the Cold War, the nuclear early-warning radar of the Soviet Union reported the launch of one intercontinental ballistic missile with four more missiles behind it, from bases in the United States. These missile attack warnings were suspected to be false alarms by Stanislav Petrov, an officer of the Soviet Air Defence Forces on duty at the command center of the early-warning system. He decided to wait for corroborating evidence—of which none arrived—rather than immediately relaying the warning up the chain-of-command. This decision is seen as having prevented a retaliatory nuclear attack against the United States and its NATO allies, which would likely have resulted in an escalation to a full-scale nuclear war. Investigation of the satellite warning system later determined that the system had indeed malfunctioned.
Revolution Day (Yemen)
1. Yemen Arab Republic
  
  The Yemen Arab Republic, also known simply as North Yemen or Yemen (Sanaʽa), was a country from 1962 to 1990 in the northwestern part of what is now Yemen. Its capital was at Sanaa. It united with the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen on 22 May 1990 to form the current Republic of Yemen.
2. Yemen
  
  Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in Western Asia. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast and shares maritime borders with Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia. Yemen is the second-largest Arab sovereign state in the peninsula, occupying 555,000 square kilometres, with a coastline stretching about 2,000 kilometres. Its constitutionally stated capital, and largest city, is Sanaa. As of 2021, Yemen has an estimated population of some 30.4 million.

Important events in history on September 26 th

Events

Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College

Iguala

Iguala mass kidnapping

Iguala mass kidnapping

Death of Linda Norgrove

Taliban

Kunar Province

2010 Philippine Bar exam bombing

De La Salle University

Typhoon Ketsana

Yves Rossy

Jet pack

English Channel

Yves Rossy

Jet pack

PBS Kids

Universal Kids

MV Le Joola

Anti-globalization protests in Prague

MS Express Samina

Garuda Indonesia

Airbus A300

Garuda Indonesia Flight 152

1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake

Handover of Hong Kong

Yacht racing

Australia II

John Bertrand (sailor, born 1946)

1983 America's Cup

New York Yacht Club

Stanislav Petrov

Nuclear warfare

1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident

Stanislav Petrov

Australia II

1983 America's Cup

New York City

Nolan Ryan

Oktoberfest bombing

Concorde

Abbey Road

The Beatles

The Beatles

John Lennon

Happiness Is a Warm Gun

The Beatles (album)

United States presidential debates

Typhoon Vera

Typhoon

Typhoon Vera

Tōya Maru

Rationing in the United Kingdom

Second Battle of Seoul

World War II

Soviet Army

Tallinn offensive

The Holocaust

August Frank memorandum

Spanish Civil War

Lluís Companys

Cabinet reshuffle

Generalitat de Catalunya

Libertarian socialism

POUM

Anarcho-syndicalism

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo

RMS Queen Mary

Machine Gun Kelly

Federal Bureau of Investigation

G-man

Machine Gun Kelly

G-man

Nationalist government

Gwoyeu Romatzyh

Romanization of Chinese

Occupation of the Ruhr

Meuse–Argonne offensive

World War I

Important events in history
on September 26 ^th