Important events in history
on September 23 ^rd

Events

2019
1. The British travel company Thomas Cook Group ceased operations with immediate effect, leaving around 600,000 tourists stranded around the world.
  1. Thomas Cook Group
    
    Thomas Cook Group plc was a global travel group, headquartered in the United Kingdom and listed on the London Stock Exchange from its formation on 19 June 2007 by the merger of Thomas Cook AG — successor to Thomas Cook & Son — and MyTravel Group until 23 September 2019, when it went into compulsory liquidation. The group operated as a tour operator and airline, and also operated travel agencies in Europe. At the time of the group's collapse, approximately 21,000 worldwide employees were left without jobs and 600,000 customers were left abroad, triggering the UK's largest peacetime repatriation.
2016
1. Following a number of high-profile sexual assaults, major reforms were enacted to strengthen laws related to rape in Germany.
  1. Rape in Germany
    
    Rape in Germany is defined by Section 177 of the Criminal Code of Germany. The definition of rape has changed over time from its original formulation in the penal code established in 1871, as extramarital intercourse with a woman by force or the threat. In 1997 laws were amended to criminalize marital rape, incorporate gender-neutral language, and recognize the effect of psychological coercion. In 2016 German laws were rewritten to remove a previous requirement that a victim physically resist their assailants and be overcome by force. The new law recognized any physical or verbal cue that one party does not consent to sexual contact. It also mandated deportation for migrants convicted of sexual assault, made it easier to prosecute rapes committed by groups, and criminalized other types of unwanted sexual contact, such as groping or fondling. The changes followed a series of high-profile cases that sparked public outrage at the inadequacy of the law.
2010
1. Teresa Lewis became the first woman to be executed by the U.S. state of Virginia since 1912, and the first woman in the state to be executed via lethal injection.
  1. Teresa Lewis
    
    Teresa Wilson Bean Lewis was an American murderer who was the only woman on death row in Virginia prior to her execution. She was sentenced to death by lethal injection for the murders of her husband and stepson in October 2002. Lewis sought to profit from a $250,000 life insurance policy her stepson had taken out as a U.S. Army reservist in anticipation of his deployment to Iraq.
  2. Virginia
    
    Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most-populous city, and Fairfax County is the most-populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's population in 2020 was over 8.65 million, with 36% of them living in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.
  3. Lethal injection
    
    Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person for the express purpose of causing rapid death. The main application for this procedure is capital punishment, but the term may also be applied in a broader sense to include euthanasia and other forms of suicide. The drugs cause the person to become unconscious, stops their breathing, and causes a heart arrhythmia, in that order.
2008
1. A gunman shot and killed ten students at the Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences in Kauhajoki, Finland, before committing suicide.
  1. Kauhajoki school shooting
    
    The Kauhajoki school shooting occurred on 23 September 2008 at the Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences (SeAMK) in Kauhajoki, Finland. The gunman, 22-year-old student Matti Juhani Saari, shot and killed ten people with a Walther P22 Target semi-automatic pistol, before shooting himself in the head. He died a few hours later at Tampere University Hospital. One woman was injured but was in a stable condition.
  2. Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences
    
    The Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences is a multidisciplinary non-profit government dependent higher education institution and an efficient actor in education and research, development and innovation (RDI) in the region of South Ostrobothnia in West Finland.
  3. Kauhajoki
    
    Kauhajoki is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Western Finland and is part of the Southern Ostrobothnia region, 59 kilometres (37 mi) southwest of the city of Seinäjoki. The population of Kauhajoki is 12,889 and the municipality covers an area of 1,299.10 km2 (501.59 sq mi) of which 16.46 km2 (6.36 sq mi) is inland water. The population density is 9.92/km2 (25.7/sq mi). The town is unilingually Finnish.
2. Matti Saari kills ten people at a school in Finland before committing suicide.
  1. Kauhajoki school shooting
    
    The Kauhajoki school shooting occurred on 23 September 2008 at the Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences (SeAMK) in Kauhajoki, Finland. The gunman, 22-year-old student Matti Juhani Saari, shot and killed ten people with a Walther P22 Target semi-automatic pistol, before shooting himself in the head. He died a few hours later at Tampere University Hospital. One woman was injured but was in a stable condition.
2004
1. Over 3,000 people die in Haiti after Hurricane Jeanne produces massive flooding and mudslides.
  1. Haiti
    
    Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti ; French: République d'Haïti) and formerly known as Hayti, is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic. To its south-west lies the small Navassa Island, which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration. Haiti is 27,750 km2 (10,714 sq mi) in size, the third largest country in the Caribbean by area, and has an estimated population of 11.4 million, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean. The capital is Port-au-Prince.
  2. Hurricane Jeanne
    
    Hurricane Jeanne was a Category 3 hurricane that struck the Caribbean and the Eastern United States in September 2004. It was the deadliest hurricane in the Atlantic basin since Mitch in 1998. It was the tenth named storm, the seventh hurricane, and the fifth major hurricane of the season, as well as the third hurricane and fourth named storm of the season to make landfall in Florida. After wreaking havoc on Hispaniola, Jeanne struggled to reorganize, eventually strengthening and performing a complete loop over the open Atlantic. It headed westwards, strengthening into a Category 3 hurricane and passing over the islands of Great Abaco and Grand Bahama in the Bahamas on September 25. Jeanne made landfall later in the day in Florida just two miles from where Hurricane Frances had struck a mere three weeks earlier.
1983
1. Gulf Air Flight 771 is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 117 people on board.
  1. Gulf Air Flight 771
    
    Gulf Air Flight 771 was a flight from Karachi, Pakistan, to Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. On 23 September 1983, while the Boeing 737-2P6 was on approach to Abu Dhabi International Airport, a bomb planted by Palestinian nationalist militant group, Abu Nidal Organization, exploded in the baggage compartment. The plane crashed in the desert near Jebel Ali between Abu Dhabi and Dubai in the UAE. All five crew members and 107 passengers died.
1973
1. Argentine general election: Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.
  1. September 1973 Argentine presidential election
    
    The second Argentine general election of 1973 was held on 23 September.
  2. Juan Perón
    
    Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected President of Argentina three times, serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he was overthrown by the Revolución Libertadora, and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974.
1952
1. U.S. vice-presidential candidate Richard Nixon delivered the Checkers speech (pictured), one of the first political uses of television to appeal directly to the populace.
  1. Richard Nixon
    
    Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. His five years in the White House saw reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, the first manned Moon landings, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nixon's second term ended early, when he became the only president to resign from office, as a result of the Watergate scandal.
  2. Checkers speech
    
    The Checkers speech or Fund speech was an address made on September 23, 1952, by Senator Richard Nixon (R-CA), six weeks before the 1952 United States presidential election, in which he was the Republican nominee for Vice President. Nixon had been accused of improprieties relating to a fund established by his backers to reimburse him for his political expenses. His place was in doubt on the Republican ticket, so he flew to Los Angeles and delivered a half-hour television address in which he defended himself, attacked his opponents, and urged the audience to contact the Republican National Committee (RNC) to tell it whether he should remain on the ticket. During the speech, he stated that he intended to keep one gift, regardless of the outcome: a black-and-white Cocker Spaniel that his children had named Checkers, thus giving the address its popular name.
1950
1. Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282 is the first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II.
  1. Korean War
    
    The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United States and allied countries. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.
  2. Battle of Hill 282
    
    The Battle of Hill 282 took place on 23 September 1950 during the Korean War, and involved the 1st Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders in an assault on this position as part an operation by 27th British Commonwealth Brigade on the Naktong River.
1942
1. World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Actions along the Matanikau
    
    The Actions along the Matanikau—sometimes referred to as the Second and Third Battles of the Matanikau—were two separate but related engagements between the United States and Imperial Japanese naval and ground forces in the Pacific theater of World War II. The actions occurred around the Matanikau River on Guadalcanal Island in the southwestern Pacific during the Guadalcanal campaign. These particular engagements—the first taking place between 23 and 27 September, and the second between 6 and 9 October—were two of the largest and most significant of the Matanikau actions.
  3. Guadalcanal
    
    Guadalcanal is the principal island in Guadalcanal Province of Solomon Islands, located in the south-western Pacific, northeast of Australia. It is the largest island in the Solomon Islands by area, and the second by population. The island is mainly covered in dense tropical rainforest and has a mountainous hinterland.
  4. Matanikau River
    
    The Matanikau River of Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, is located in the northwest part of the island. During the World War II Guadalcanal campaign, several significant engagements occurred between United States and Japanese forces near the river.
1905
1. Norway and Sweden sign the Karlstad Treaty, peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.
  1. Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
    
    The dissolution of the union between the kingdoms of Norway and Sweden under the House of Bernadotte, was set in motion by a resolution of the Storting on 7 June 1905. Following some months of tension and fear of an outbreak of war between the neighbouring kingdoms – and a Norwegian plebiscite held on 13 August which overwhelmingly backed dissolution – negotiations between the two governments led to Sweden's recognition of Norway as an independent constitutional monarchy on 26 October 1905. On that date, King Oscar II renounced his claim to the Norwegian throne, effectively dissolving the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, and this event was swiftly followed, on 18 November, by the accession to the Norwegian throne of Prince Carl of Denmark, taking the name of Haakon VII.
1899
1. The American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.
  1. Battle of Olongapo
    
    The Battle of Olongapo was fought September 18–23, 1899, during the Philippine–American War. The battle featured both land and sea fighting, of which the objective was the destruction of the single Filipino artillery gun in Olongapo, a menace to American ships crossing the nearby sea.
1884
1. The French steamship Arctique ran aground on the northern coast of Cape Virgenes in Argentina; gold was discovered during the rescue effort, triggering the Tierra del Fuego gold rush.
  1. Cape Virgenes
    
    Cape Virgenes is the southeastern tip of continental Argentina in South America. The southern one, a little to the south-west, is Punta Dungeness. Ferdinand Magellan reached it on 21 October 1520 during the Spanish expedition to East Asia and discovered a strait, now called the Strait of Magellan in his honor. As 21 October was the feast day of Saint Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins, he named the cape in their honor.
  2. Tierra del Fuego gold rush
    
    Between 1883 and 1906 Tierra del Fuego experienced a gold rush attracting many Chileans, Argentines and Europeans to the archipelago, including many Dalmatians. The gold rush led to the formation of the first towns in the archipelago and fueled economic growth in Punta Arenas. After the gold rush was over, most gold miners left the archipelago, while the remaining settlers engaged in sheep farming and fishing. Indigenous Selk'nam populations declined sharply during the rush.
2. On the night of 23-24 September, the steamship Arctique runs aground near Cape Virgenes leading to the discovery of nearby placer gold, beginning the Tierra del Fuego gold rush.
  1. Cape Virgenes
    
    Cape Virgenes is the southeastern tip of continental Argentina in South America. The southern one, a little to the south-west, is Punta Dungeness. Ferdinand Magellan reached it on 21 October 1520 during the Spanish expedition to East Asia and discovered a strait, now called the Strait of Magellan in his honor. As 21 October was the feast day of Saint Ursula and the Eleven Thousand Virgins, he named the cape in their honor.
  2. Placer mining
    
    Placer mining is the mining of stream bed (alluvial) deposits for minerals. This may be done by open-pit or by various surface excavating equipment or tunneling equipment.
  3. Tierra del Fuego gold rush
    
    Between 1883 and 1906 Tierra del Fuego experienced a gold rush attracting many Chileans, Argentines and Europeans to the archipelago, including many Dalmatians. The gold rush led to the formation of the first towns in the archipelago and fueled economic growth in Punta Arenas. After the gold rush was over, most gold miners left the archipelago, while the remaining settlers engaged in sheep farming and fishing. Indigenous Selk'nam populations declined sharply during the rush.
1868
1. The Grito de Lares occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.
  1. Grito de Lares
    
    El Grito de Lares, also referred to as the Lares uprising, the Lares revolt, the Lares rebellion, or the Lares revolution, was the first major revolt against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico. The revolt was planned by Ramón Emeterio Betances and Segundo Ruiz Belvis. It began on September 23, 1868 in the town of Lares, for which it is named. It spread rapidly to various revolutionary cells throughout the island.
1846
1. Astronomers Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.
  1. Urbain Le Verrier
    
    Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier FRS (FOR) HFRSE was a French astronomer and mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics and is best known for predicting the existence and position of Neptune using only mathematics. The calculations were made to explain discrepancies with Uranus's orbit and the laws of Kepler and Newton. Le Verrier sent the coordinates to Johann Gottfried Galle in Berlin, asking him to verify. Galle found Neptune in the same night he received Le Verrier's letter, within 1° of the predicted position. The discovery of Neptune is widely regarded as a dramatic validation of celestial mechanics, and is one of the most remarkable moments of 19th-century science.
  2. John Couch Adams
    
    John Couch Adams was a British mathematician and astronomer. He was born in Laneast, near Launceston, Cornwall, and died in Cambridge.
  3. Johann Gottfried Galle
    
    Johann Gottfried Galle was a German astronomer from Radis, Germany, at the Berlin Observatory who, on 23 September 1846, with the assistance of student Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, was the first person to view the planet Neptune and know what he was looking at. Urbain Le Verrier had predicted the existence and position of Neptune, and sent the coordinates to Galle, asking him to verify. Galle found Neptune in the same night he received Le Verrier's letter, within 1° of the predicted position. The discovery of Neptune is widely regarded as a dramatic validation of celestial mechanics, and is one of the most remarkable moments of 19th-century science.
  4. Discovery of Neptune
    
    The planet Neptune was mathematically predicted before it was directly observed. With a prediction by Urbain Le Verrier, telescopic observations confirming the existence of a major planet were made on the night of September 23–24, 1846, at the Berlin Observatory, by astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle, working from Le Verrier's calculations. It was a sensational moment of 19th-century science, and dramatic confirmation of Newtonian gravitational theory. In François Arago's apt phrase, Le Verrier had discovered a planet "with the point of his pen".
1821
1. Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.
  1. Siege of Tripolitsa
    
    The siege of Tripolitsa or fall of Tripolitsa, also known as the Tripolitsa massacre, was an early victory of the revolutionary Greek forces in the summer of 1821 during the Greek War of Independence, which had begun earlier that year, against the Ottoman Empire. Tripolitsa was an important target, because it was the administrative center of the Ottomans in the Peloponnese.
1803
1. Maratha troops were defeated by forces of the British East India Company at the Battle of Assaye, one of the decisive battles of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
  1. Maratha Empire
    
    The Maratha Empire, later referred as Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern Indian empire that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji of the Bhonsle Dynasty as the Chhatrapati. Although Shivaji came from the Maratha caste, the Maratha empire also included warriors, administrators and other notables from Maratha and several other castes from Maharashtra.
  2. East India Company
    
    The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies, and later with East Asia. The company seized control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world. The EIC had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three Presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British army at the time. The operations of the company had a profound effect on the global balance of trade, almost single-handedly reversing the trend of eastward drain of Western bullion, seen since Roman times.
  3. Battle of Assaye
    
    The Battle of Assaye was a major battle of the Second Anglo-Maratha War fought between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company. It occurred on 23 September 1803 near Assaye in western India. An outnumbered Indian and British force, under the command of Major General Arthur Wellesley, defeated a combined Maratha army of Daulatrao Scindia and the Bhonsle Raja of Berar. The battle was Wellesley's first major victory and the one he later described as his finest accomplishment on the battlefield, even more so than his more famous victories in the Peninsular War, and his defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo.
  4. Second Anglo-Maratha War
    
    The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.
2. Second Anglo-Maratha War: The Battle of Assaye is fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.
  1. Second Anglo-Maratha War
    
    The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) was the second conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.
  2. Battle of Assaye
    
    The Battle of Assaye was a major battle of the Second Anglo-Maratha War fought between the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company. It occurred on 23 September 1803 near Assaye in western India. An outnumbered Indian and British force, under the command of Major General Arthur Wellesley, defeated a combined Maratha army of Daulatrao Scindia and the Bhonsle Raja of Berar. The battle was Wellesley's first major victory and the one he later described as his finest accomplishment on the battlefield, even more so than his more famous victories in the Peninsular War, and his defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Waterloo.
  3. East India Company
    
    The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies, and later with East Asia. The company seized control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world. The EIC had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three Presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British army at the time. The operations of the company had a profound effect on the global balance of trade, almost single-handedly reversing the trend of eastward drain of Western bullion, seen since Roman times.
  4. Maratha Empire
    
    The Maratha Empire, later referred as Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern Indian empire that came to dominate much of the Indian subcontinent in the 18th century. Maratha rule formally began in 1674 with the coronation of Shivaji of the Bhonsle Dynasty as the Chhatrapati. Although Shivaji came from the Maratha caste, the Maratha empire also included warriors, administrators and other notables from Maratha and several other castes from Maharashtra.
1780
1. American Revolutionary War: British officer John André was captured by Patriot forces, thereby revealing a plot by Continental Army general Benedict Arnold to hand over West Point, New York.
  1. American Revolutionary War
    
    The American Revolutionary War, also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of the United States, fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  2. John André
    
    John André was a major in the British Army and head of its Secret Service in America during the American Revolutionary War. He was hanged as a spy by the Continental Army for assisting Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York, to the British. André is typically remembered favorably by historians as a man of honor, and several prominent U.S. leaders of the time, including Alexander Hamilton and Marquis de Lafayette, did not agree with his fate.
  3. Patriot (American Revolution)
    
    Patriots, also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs, were the colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rejected British rule during the American Revolution, and declared the United States of America an independent nation in July 1776. Their decision was based on the political philosophy of republicanism—as expressed by such spokesmen as Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Thomas Paine. They were opposed by the Loyalists, who supported continued British rule.
  4. Continental Army
    
    The Continental Army was the army of the United Colonies in the Revolutionary-era United States. It was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, and was established by a resolution of Congress on June 14, 1775. The Continental Army was created to coordinate military efforts of the Colonies in their war for independence against the British, who sought to keep their American lands under control. General George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army throughout the war.
  5. Benedict Arnold
    
    Benedict Arnold was an American military officer who served during the Revolutionary War. He fought with distinction for the American Continental Army and rose to the rank of major general before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780. General George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had placed him in command of West Point in New York. Arnold was planning to surrender the fort there to British forces, but the plot was discovered in September 1780, whereupon he fled to the British lines. In the later part of the conflict, Arnold was commissioned as a brigadier general in the British Army, and placed in command of the American Legion. He led the British army in battle against the soldiers whom he had once commanded, after which his name became synonymous with treason and betrayal in the United States.
  6. West Point, New York
    
    West Point is the oldest continuously occupied military post in the United States. Located on the Hudson River in New York, West Point was identified by General George Washington as the most important strategic position in America during the American Revolution. Until January 1778, West Point was not occupied by the military. On January 27, 1778, Brigadier General Samuel Holden Parsons and his brigade crossed the ice on the Hudson River and climbed to the plain on West Point and from that day to the present, West Point has been occupied by the United States Army. It comprises approximately 16,000 acres (6,500 ha) including the campus of the United States Military Academy, which is commonly called "West Point".
1779
1. American Revolution: John Paul Jones, naval commander of the United States, on board the USS Bonhomme Richard, wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.
  1. American Revolution
    
    The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), gaining independence from the British Crown and establishing the United States of America as the first nation-state founded on Enlightenment principles of liberal democracy.
  2. John Paul Jones
    
    John Paul Jones was a Scottish-American naval captain who was the United States' first well-known naval commander in the American Revolutionary War. He made many friends among U.S political elites as well as enemies, and his actions in British waters during the Revolution earned him an international reputation that persists to this day. As such, he is sometimes referred to as the "Father of the American Navy".
  3. USS Bonhomme Richard (1765)
    
    Bonhomme Richard, formerly Duc de Duras, was a warship in the American Continental Navy named for Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. She was originally an East Indiaman, a merchant ship built in France for the French East India Company in 1765, for service between France and Asia. She was placed at the disposal of John Paul Jones on 4 February 1779, by King Louis XVI of France as a result of a loan to the United States by French shipping magnate Jacques-Donatien Le Ray.
  4. Battle of Flamborough Head
    
    The Battle of Flamborough Head was a naval battle that took place on 23 September 1779 in the North Sea off the coast of Yorkshire between a combined Franco-American squadron, led by Continental Navy officer John Paul Jones, and two British escort vessels protecting a large merchant convoy. It became one of the most celebrated naval actions of the war in America, despite its relatively small size and a considerable dispute over what had actually occurred.
1561
1. King Philip II of Spain issues cedula, ordering a halt to colonizing efforts in Florida.
  1. Philip II of Spain
    
    Philip II, also known as Philip the Prudent, was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. He was jure uxoris King of England and Ireland from his marriage to Queen Mary I in 1554 until her death in 1558. He was also Duke of Milan from 1540. From 1555, he was Lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands.
  2. Cédula de identidad
    
    A cédula de identidad (Spanish), also known as cédula de ciudadanía or Documento de identidad (DNI), is a national identity document in many countries in Central and South America. In certain countries, such as Costa Rica, a cédula de identidad is the only valid identity document for many purposes; for example, a driving license or passport is not valid to open a bank account. The term "cédula" may also colloquially refer to the number on the identity document.
1459
1. The Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is won by the Yorkists.
  1. Battle of Blore Heath
    
    The Battle of Blore Heath was a battle in the English Wars of the Roses. It was fought on 23 September 1459, at Blore Heath in Staffordshire. Blore Heath is a sparsely populated area of farmland, two miles east of the town of Market Drayton in Shropshire, and close to the village of Loggerheads, Staffordshire.
1409
1. The Battle of Kherlen is the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368.
  1. Battle of Kherlen
    
    The Battle of Kherlen was a battle between the Northern Yuan and Ming dynasties that took place at the banks of Kherlen River (Kerulen) in the Mongolian Plateau on 23 September 1409.
1338
1. The Battle of Arnemuiden, in which a French force defeats the English, is the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first naval battle in which gunpowder artillery is used.
  1. Battle of Arnemuiden
    
    The Battle of Arnemuiden was a naval battle fought on 23 September 1338 at the start of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. It was the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first recorded European naval battle using artillery, as the English ship Christopher had three cannons and one hand gun.
  2. Hundred Years' War
    
    The Hundred Years' War was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of England and France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French throne between the English House of Plantagenet and the French royal House of Valois. Over time, the war grew into a broader power struggle involving factions from across Western Europe, fuelled by emerging nationalism on both sides.
1122
1. Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.
  1. Pope Callixtus II
    
    Pope Callixtus II or Callistus II, born Guy of Burgundy, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 1119 to his death in 1124. His pontificate was shaped by the Investiture Controversy, which he was able to settle through the Concordat of Worms in 1122.
  2. Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor
    
    Henry V was King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, as the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty. He was made co-ruler by his father, Henry IV, in 1098.
  3. Concordat of Worms
    
    The Concordat of Worms was an agreement between the Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire which regulated the procedure for the appointment of bishops and abbots in the Empire. Signed on 23 September 1122 in the German city of Worms by Pope Callixtus II and Emperor Henry V, the agreement set an end to the Investiture Controversy, a conflict between state and church over the right to appoint religious office holders that had begun in the middle of the 11th century.
  4. Investiture Controversy
    
    The Investiture Controversy, also called Investiture Contest, was a conflict between the church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture) and abbots of monasteries and the pope himself. A series of popes in the 11th and 12th centuries undercut the power of the Holy Roman Emperor and other European monarchies, and the controversy led to nearly 50 years of conflict.
38
1. Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified.
  1. AD 38
    
    AD 38 (XXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Iulianus and Asprenas. The denomination AD 38 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
  2. Julia Drusilla
    
    Julia Drusilla was a member of the Roman imperial family, the second daughter and fifth child of Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder to survive infancy. She was the favorite sister of Emperor Caligula, who, after her death, had her deified under the name Diva Drusilla Panthea, and named his daughter Julia Drusilla after her.
  3. Caligula
    
    Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, better known by his nickname Caligula, was the third Roman emperor, ruling from 37 until his assassination in 41. He was the son of the popular Roman general Germanicus and Augustus' granddaughter Agrippina the Elder. Caligula was born into the first ruling family of the Roman Empire, conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

Births & Deaths

2021
1. John Elliott, Australian businessman (b. 1941) deaths
  1. John Elliott (businessman)
    
    John Dorman Elliott was an Australian businessman and state and federal president of the Liberal Party. He had also been president of the Carlton Football Club. He frequently provoked controversy due to his political affiliations, his brushes with the law, and his abrasive personal style.
2. Nino Vaccarella, Italian race car driver (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Nino Vaccarella
    
    Nino Vaccarella was an Italian sports car racing and Formula One driver.
2020
1. Juliette Gréco, French singer and actress (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Juliette Gréco
    
    Juliette Gréco was a French singer and actress. Her best known songs are "Paris Canaille", "La Javanaise" and "Déshabillez-moi" (1967). She often sang tracks with lyrics written by French poets such as Jacques Prévert and Boris Vian, as well as singers like Jacques Brel and Charles Aznavour. Her 60-year career came to an end in 2015 when she began her last worldwide tour titled "Merci".
2018
1. Charles Kuen Kao, Hong Kong-American-British electrical engineer and physicist (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Charles K. Kao
    
    Sir Charles Kao Kuen was an electrical engineer and physicist who pioneered the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications. In the 1960s, Kao created various methods to combine glass fibers with lasers in order to transmit digital data, which laid the groundwork for the evolution of the Internet.
2. Gary Kurtz, American film producer (b. 1940) deaths
  1. Gary Kurtz
    
    Gary Douglas Kurtz was an American film producer whose list of credits includes American Graffiti (1973), Star Wars (1977), The Empire Strikes Back (1980), The Dark Crystal (1982) and Return to Oz (1985). Kurtz also co-produced the 1989 science fiction adventure film Slipstream, which reunited him with Star Wars star Mark Hamill.
3. Jane Fortune, American author, journalist, and philanthropist (b.1942) deaths
  1. Jane Fortune
    
    Jane Fortune was an American author and journalist. Many of her publications and philanthropic activities were centered on the research, restoration, and exhibition of art by women in Florence, Italy.
2015
1. Dayananda Saraswati, Indian monk and philosopher (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)
    
    Swami Dayananda Saraswati was a renunciate of the Hindu order of sannyasa, a renowned traditional teacher of Advaita Vedanta, and founder of the Arsha Vidya Gurukulam and AIM For Seva.
2014
1. A. W. Davis, American basketball player and coach (b. 1943) deaths
  1. A. W. Davis
    
    Arvis W. Davis was an American basketball player and coach. Davis is best known for his All-American college career at the University of Tennessee (UT). He was known by several nicknames, including the "Rutledge Rifle" and "The Man With the Golden Arm."
2. Irven DeVore, American anthropologist and biologist (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Irven DeVore
    
    Irven DeVore was an anthropologist and evolutionary biologist, and Curator of Primatology at Harvard University's Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. He headed Harvard's Department of Anthropology from 1987 to 1992. He taught generations of students at Harvard both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. He mentored many young scientists who went on to prominence in anthropology and behavioral biology, including Richard Lee, Robert Trivers, Sarah Hrdy, Peter Ellison, Barbara Smuts, Patricia Draper, Henry Harpending, Marjorie Shostak, Robert Bailey, Nadine Peacock, Leda Cosmides, John Tooby, Richard Wrangham, Terrence Deacon, Steven Gaulin, and others.
3. Don Manoukian, American football player and wrestler (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Don Manoukian
    
    Donald J. Manoukian was an American football guard and professional wrestler of Armenian descent from Reno, Nevada.
4. Al Suomi, American ice hockey player and referee (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Al Suomi
    
    Albert William Suomi was an American NHL player, who played with the Chicago Black Hawks for the 1936–37 NHL season. Although he did not aspire to play at a professional level, Suomi nevertheless spent his young life playing hockey and was eventually scouted while playing with friends. Suomi began his career playing for the Chicago Baby Ruth team in 1934, a marketing ploy started by the company that produced the candy of the same name. In 1936, he joined a minor league team in Detroit, Michigan and, based on his experiences with the Chicago Baby Ruth team, was deemed too professional to be eligible for the 1936 United States Olympic ice hockey team.
2013
1. Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj, Syrian colonel and politician (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj
    
    Abdel Hamid Sarraj was a Syrian Army officer and politician. When the union between Egypt and Syria was declared, Sarraj, a staunch Arab nationalist and supporter of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, played a key role in the leadership of the Syrian region of the UAR.
2. Gil Dozier, American captain, lawyer, and politician (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Gil Dozier
    
    Gilbert Lynel "Gil" Dozier, was an attorney, businessman, farmer, and rancher who served from 1976 to 1980 as the Louisiana Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry. A Democrat, Dozier's political career ended with felony convictions and imprisonment for nearly four years. Most of his adult life was spent in and about Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
3. Ruth Patrick, American botanist and immunologist (b. 1907) deaths
  1. Ruth Patrick
    
    Ruth Myrtle Patrick was an American botanist and limnologist specializing in diatoms and freshwater ecology. She authored more than 200 scientific papers, developed ways to measure the health of freshwater ecosystems and established numerous research facilities.
2012
1. Henry Champ, Canadian journalist and academic (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Henry Champ
    
    Stephen Henry Champ was a veteran Canadian broadcast journalist, working for CTV News, NBC News and CBC News.
2. Pavel Grachev, Russian general and politician, 1st Minister of Defence for Russia (b. 1948) deaths
  1. Pavel Grachev
    
    Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev, sometimes transliterated as Grachov or Grachyov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star. As Defence Minister, Grachev gained notoriety because of his military incompetence displayed during the First Chechen War and the persistent allegations of involvement in enormous corruption scandals.
  2. Ministry of Defence (Russia)
    
    The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation is the governing body of the Russian Armed Forces.
3. Roberto Rodríguez, Venezuelan baseball player and coach (b. 1941) deaths
  1. Roberto Rodríguez (baseball)
    
    Roberto Muñoz Rodríguez was a Venezuelan professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics, San Diego Padres, and Chicago Cubs. He played in the United States under the name of Roberto Rodriguez.
4. Corrie Sanders, South African boxer (b. 1966) deaths
  1. Corrie Sanders
    
    Cornelius Johannes "Corrie" Sanders was a South African professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 2008. He won the WBO heavyweight title in 2003 after knocking out Wladimir Klitschko in two rounds, which was considered one of the biggest upsets in heavyweight boxing history; The Ring magazine named it the Upset of the Year. In 2004, having vacated the WBO title, Sanders faced Wladimir's brother Vitali Klitschko in an unsuccessful but valiant challenge for the vacant WBC and Ring heavyweight titles. He also held the WBU heavyweight title from 1997 until 2000. Sanders' other notable achievements include holding the South Africa national heavyweight title in 1991, defeating former cruiserweight champions Carlos de León and Bobby Czyz by first round and second-round knockout respectively, and losing in a close slugfest fight with future unified and two-time world heavyweight champion Hasim Rahman.
5. Sam Sniderman, Canadian businessman, founded Sam the Record Man (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Sam Sniderman
    
    Sam Sniderman, was a Canadian businessman best known as the founder of the Canadian record shop chain Sam the Record Man. Sniderman was also a major promoter of Canadian music including involvement in pushing for the Canadian content (CANCON) broadcast regulations and creating the Juno Awards.
  2. Sam the Record Man
    
    Sam the Record Man was a Canadian record store chain that, at one time, was Canada's largest music recording retailer. In 1982, its ads proclaimed that it had "140 locations, coast to coast".
2010
1. Malcolm Douglas, Australian hunter and television host (b. 1941) deaths
  1. Malcolm Douglas (documentary maker)
    
    Malcolm Douglas was an Australian wildlife documentary film maker, and crocodile hunter. Douglas started in the 1960s as a professional crocodile hunter and farmer, but later dedicated himself to their preservation.
2009
1. Paul B. Fay, American sailor and politician, United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Paul B. Fay
    
    Paul Burgess Fay Jr. was the Acting United States Secretary of the Navy in November 1963, and a close confidant of President John F. Kennedy.
  2. United States Secretary of the Navy
    
    The secretary of the Navy is a statutory officer and the head of the Department of the Navy, a military department within the United States Department of Defense.
2008
1. Peter Leonard, Australian journalist (b. 1942) deaths
  1. Peter Leonard (journalist)
    
    Peter Antony Leonard was an Australian journalist and newsreader.
2. Loren Pope, American journalist and author (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Loren Pope
    
    Loren Brooks Pope was an American writer and educational consultant, best known for his book, Colleges That Change Lives. He was also the education editor of The New York Times.
2006
1. Malcolm Arnold, English trumpet player and composer (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Malcolm Arnold
    
    Sir Malcolm Henry Arnold was an English composer. His works feature music in many genres, including a cycle of nine symphonies, numerous concertos, concert works, chamber music, choral music and music for brass band and wind band. His style is tonal and rejoices in lively rhythms, brilliant orchestration, and an unabashed tunefulness. He wrote extensively for the theatre, with five ballets specially commissioned by the Royal Ballet, as well as two operas and a musical. He also produced scores for more than a hundred films, among these The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), for which he won an Oscar.
2. Etta Baker, American singer and guitarist (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Etta Baker
    
    Etta Baker was an American Piedmont blues guitarist and singer from North Carolina.
2005
1. Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican activist (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
    
    Filiberto Ojeda Ríos was a Puerto Rican independence activist and militant who cofounded the Boricua Popular Army, also known as Los Macheteros, and its predecessor, the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN). In 1990, Ojeda Ríos became a fugitive of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), wanted for his role in the 1983 Águila Blanca heist as well as a bail bond default on September 23 of that year. On September 23, 2005, he was killed during an exchange of gunfire with FBI agents after they surrounded the house in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.
2004
1. Billy Reay, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Billy Reay
    
    William Tulip Reay was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Reay played ten seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1953 to 1953. He then coached from 1957 to 1959 in the NHL and again from 1963 to 1977.
2003
1. Yuri Senkevich, Russian physician and journalist (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Yuri Senkevich
    
    Yuri Aleksandrovich Senkevich was a Soviet doctor, and scientist. He is a Candidate of Sciences. Became famous in the USSR and worldwide for his participation in the Ra Expedition, in which he sailed together with Thor Heyerdahl.
2001
1. Ron Hewitt, Welsh footballer (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Ron Hewitt (footballer, born 1928)
    
    Ronald Hewitt was a Wales international footballer.
2000
1. Aurelio Rodríguez, Mexican baseball player and manager (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Aurelio Rodríguez
    
    Aurelio Rodríguez Ituarte, Jr., sometimes known by the nickname "Chi Chi", was a Mexican professional baseball player, who spent the bulk of his Major League career with the Detroit Tigers. Known for his powerful throwing arm, he was one of the great defensive third basemen of his generation. His career range factor of 3.215 per nine innings at third base ranks second in major league history, and his 4,150 assists at the position ranked fifth in major league history at the time of his retirement.
2. Carl Rowan, American journalist and author (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Carl Rowan
    
    Carl Thomas Rowan was a prominent American journalist, author and government official who published columns syndicated across the U.S. and was at one point the highest ranking African American in the United States government.
3. Raoul Berger, American attorney and law professor (b. 1901) deaths
  1. Raoul Berger
    
    Raoul Berger was an American attorney and professor at The University of California at Berkeley and Harvard Law School. While at Harvard, he was the Charles Warren Senior Fellow in American Legal History. He is known for his role in the development of originalism.
1999
1. Ivan Goff, Australian-American screenwriter and producer (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Ivan Goff
    
    Ivan Goff was an Australian screenwriter, best known for his collaborations with Ben Roberts including White Heat (1949), Man of a Thousand Faces (1957), Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981), and the pilot for Charlie's Angels (1976).
1998
1. Ray Bowden, English footballer (b. 1909) deaths
  1. Ray Bowden
    
    Edwin Raymond Bowden was an English footballer who played as an inside forward. He scored 130 goals from 316 appearances in the Football League, playing for Plymouth Argyle, Arsenal and Newcastle United. He was capped six times and scored once for England.
2. Mary Frann, American actress (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Mary Frann
    
    Mary Frann was an American stage, film and television actress.
1997
1. Natalie Savage Carlson, American author (b. 1906) deaths
  1. Natalie Savage Carlson
    
    Natalie Savage Carlson was a 20th-century American writer of children's books. For her lifetime contribution as a children's writer, she was United States nominee for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1966.
1994
1. Lee Mi-joo, South Korean singer and entertainer births
  1. Mijoo
    
    Lee Seung-ah, known as Lee Mi-joo, is a South Korean singer, dancer and entertainer. She debuted as a member of South Korean girl group Lovelyz under Woollim Entertainment in November 2014. Apart from her group's activities, Lee has starred in various Korean variety shows such as, Hit The Stage (2016), Dunia: Into a New World (2018), My Mad Beauty (2018–2019), Shopping Cart Savior (2019), Sixth Sense (2020–2022), Hangout with Yoo (2021) and season 2 of Learn Way (2021–2022). Lee made her acting debut with I'm a Job Seeker (2016).
2. Jerry Barber, American golfer (b. 1916) deaths
  1. Jerry Barber
    
    Carl Jerome Barber was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour. He had seven wins on tour, including a major title, the PGA Championship in 1961.
3. Robert Bloch, American author and screenwriter (b. 1917) deaths
  1. Robert Bloch
    
    Robert Albert Bloch was an American fiction writer, primarily of crime, psychological horror and fantasy, much of which has been dramatized for radio, cinema and television. He also wrote a relatively small amount of science fiction. His writing career lasted 60 years, including more than 30 years in television and film. He began his professional writing career immediately after graduation, aged 17. Best known as the writer of Psycho (1959), the basis for the film of the same name by Alfred Hitchcock, Bloch wrote hundreds of short stories and over 30 novels. He was a protégé of H. P. Lovecraft, who was the first to seriously encourage his talent. However, while he started emulating Lovecraft and his brand of cosmic horror, he later specialized in crime and horror stories working with a more psychological approach.
4. Madeleine Renaud, French actress (b. 1900) deaths
  1. Madeleine Renaud
    
    Lucie Madeleine Renaud was a French actress best remembered for her work in the theatre. She did though appear in several films directed by Jean Grémillon including Remorques and Lumière d'été.
1992
1. Ivar Ivask, Estonian poet and scholar (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Ivar Ivask
    
    Ivar Vidrik Ivask was an Estonian poet and literary scholar.
2. Glendon Swarthout, American author and academic (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Glendon Swarthout
    
    Glendon Fred Swarthout was an American writer and novelist.
3. James Van Fleet, American general (b. 1892) deaths
  1. James Van Fleet
    
    General James Alward Van Fleet was a United States Army officer who saw service during World War I, World War II and the Korean War. Van Fleet was a native of New Jersey, who was raised in Florida and graduated from the United States Military Academy. He served as a regimental, divisional and corps commander during World War II and as the commanding general of United States Army and other United Nations forces during the Korean War.
1991
1. Lee Alexander, Scottish footballer births
  1. Lee Gibson
    
    Lee Helen Gibson is a Scottish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Scottish Women's Premier League club Glasgow City and the Scotland women's national team.
2. Melanie Oudin, American tennis player births
  1. Melanie Oudin
    
    Melanie Jennings Oudin is an American former professional tennis player. The former world junior No. 2 was a member of the American Fed Cup team from 2009 to 2011 and the winner of the 2011 US Open mixed-doubles title, with fellow American player Jack Sock.
1989
1. Brandon Jennings, American basketball player births
  1. Brandon Jennings
    
    Brandon Byron Jennings is an American former professional basketball player who played 9 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is known for being one of the first Americans to go from high school to the pros in Europe.
2. Taniela Lasalo, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Taniela Lasalo
    
    Taniela Lasalo is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a lock, second-row forward or as a centre for the Hills District Bulls in the Ron Massey Cup.
1988
1. Juan Martín del Potro, Argentinian tennis player births
  1. Juan Martín del Potro
    
    Juan Martín del Potro is an Argentine inactive professional tennis player. Del Potro's biggest achievement is a major title: the 2009 US Open, where he defeated Rafael Nadal in the semifinals and the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final. He became the first player to defeat both Federer and Nadal during the same major, and the only man outside the Big Three to win a major between the 2005 French Open and the 2012 Wimbledon Championships, a span of 30 tournaments. Other career highlights include reaching the 2018 US Open final, winning the bronze medal in men's singles at the 2012 London Olympics and the silver medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics, winning Indian Wells in 2018, and being part of his country's successful Davis Cup team in 2016; but his career has also been hampered by a succession of wrist and knee injuries. Del Potro achieved a top-10 ranking by the ATP for the first time on 6 October 2008. In January 2010, he reached a then-career-high ranking of world No. 4, after which he withdrew from most of the season due to a right wrist injury. In 2016, del Potro led Argentina to its first ever Davis Cup victory by defeating Croatia's Marin Čilić in the final from two sets down. He reached his first major semifinal in four years by defeating Federer in the quarterfinals of the 2017 US Open. In 2018, he won his first Masters 1000 title at the Indian Wells Masters, defeating the defending champion and world No. 1 Federer in the final. After reaching the semifinals of the 2018 French Open, he matched his career-high ranking of No. 4. In August 2018, he reached the world No. 3 ranking for the first time. At the 2018 US Open, he reached his second major final, where he lost to Novak Djokovic. Del Potro did not play between June 2019 and February 2022 because of a knee injury, and has suggested he may retire in 2022 as a result.
2. Yannick Weber, Swiss ice hockey player births
  1. Yannick Weber
    
    Yannick Cyril Weber is a Swiss professional ice hockey defenseman who is currently playing with the ZSC Lions of the National League (NL). He was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens in the third round of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.
3. Tibor Sekelj, Hungarian-Serbian explorer and author (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Tibor Sekelj
    
    Tibor Sekelj, also known as Székely Tibor according to Hungarian orthography, was a Hungarian born polyglot, explorer, author, and 'citizen of the world.' In 1986 he was elected a member of the Academy of Esperanto and an honorary member of the World Esperanto Association. Among his novels, travel books and essays, his novella Kumeŭaŭa, la filo de la ĝangalo, a children's book about the life of Brazilian Indians, was translated into seventeen languages, and in 1987 it was voted best Children's book in Japan. In 2011 the European Esperanto Union declared 2012 "The Year of Tibor Sekelj" to honor the 100th anniversary of his birth.
1987
1. Bob Fosse, American actor, dancer, choreographer, and director (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Bob Fosse
    
    Robert Louis Fosse was an American actor, choreographer, dancer, and film and stage director. He directed and choreographed musical works on stage and screen, including the stage musicals The Pajama Game (1954), Damn Yankees (1955), How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying (1961), Sweet Charity (1966), Pippin (1972), and Chicago (1975). He directed the films Sweet Charity (1969), Cabaret (1972), Lenny (1975), All That Jazz (1979), and Star 80 (1983).
1986
1. Martin Cranie, English footballer births
  1. Martin Cranie
    
    Martin James Cranie is an English professional footballer who is currently a free agent. He most recently played as a centre back and right back for Championship club Luton Town. He is a former England U21 international. He began his career with the Southampton youth academy before moving to local rivals Portsmouth and later to Coventry City after several loan spells, then followed by three years at Barnsley.
1985
1. Lukáš Kašpar, Czech ice hockey player births
  1. Lukáš Kašpar
    
    Lukáš Kašpar is a Czech professional ice hockey player. He is currently playing with HC Kometa Brno of the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He was originally drafted by the San Jose Sharks in the first round of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.
1984
1. Patrick Ehelechner, German ice hockey player births
  1. Patrick Ehelechner
    
    Patrick Ehelechner is a German retired professional ice hockey goaltender.
2. Matt Kemp, American baseball player births
  1. Matt Kemp
    
    Matthew Ryan Kemp is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He began his professional career in the Los Angeles Dodgers organization in 2003, and played in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the Dodgers from 2006 until 2014, the San Diego Padres in 2015 and 2016 and the Atlanta Braves in 2016 and 2017 before returning to the Dodgers for the 2018 season, and briefly playing for the Cincinnati Reds in 2019 and Colorado Rockies in 2020. He was named to three All-Star teams and won two Gold Glove Awards and two Silver Slugger Awards.
3. Anneliese van der Pol, Dutch-American entertainer births
  1. Anneliese van der Pol
    
    Anneliese Louise van der Pol is a Dutch-born American actress and singer. She is known for her theatre work, and for starring as Chelsea Daniels on the Disney Channel series That's So Raven (2003–2007) and its spin-off Raven's Home. Her films include the musical comedy film Bratz (2007), the spoof film Vampires Suck (2010), and the international-production 5 Weddings (2017). Van der Pol has recorded several songs for The Walt Disney Company, including "Over It" for the Stuck in the Suburbs soundtrack, which debuted on August 7, 2004, at number 182 on the Billboard 200.
1983
1. Shane del Rosario, American mixed martial artist and kick-boxer (d. 2013) births
  1. Shane del Rosario
    
    Shane Kalani del Rosario was an American professional mixed martial artist and kickboxer. He competed in the Ultimate Fighting Championship's Heavyweight division, Strikeforce, M-1 Global, ShoXC, and King of the Cage. He held the distinction of being the first American to become the WBC Muay Thai World Heavyweight Champion.
2. Joffrey Lupul, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Joffrey Lupul
    
    Joffrey Lupul is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward. In his professional career, Lupul played in the NHL for the Anaheim Ducks, Edmonton Oilers, Philadelphia Flyers and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was selected seventh overall at the 2002 NHL Entry Draft by Anaheim, beginning his NHL career with the organization and later playing a second stint with the team prior to joining the Maple Leafs in 2011. A right-hand-shooting natural right winger earlier in his career, Lupul made the transition to become a left winger after joining Toronto.
3. Regan Smith, American race car driver births
  1. Regan Smith (racing driver)
    
    Regan Lee Smith is an American professional stock car racing driver and a pit reporter for Fox NASCAR. He most recently drove part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 8 Chevrolet Camaro SS for JR Motorsports.
1982
1. Mait Künnap, Estonian tennis player births
  1. Mait Künnap
    
    Mait Künnap is an Estonian tennis player. His all-time world ranking high came on 4 August 2008 when he reached number 705, although his doubles ranking is somewhat better, having reached world number 377 on 4 July 2005.
2. Shyla Stylez, Canadian pornographic actress (d. 2017) births
  1. Shyla Stylez
    
    Shyla Stylez was a Canadian pornographic actress. Shyla is regard as one of the greatest pornographic actresses of all time. Boys of the late 2000s/early 2010s became men watching Shyla preform. She will never be forgotten.
1981
1. Robert Doornbos, Dutch race car driver births
  1. Robert Doornbos
    
    Robert Michael Doornbos is a Dutch former racing driver who also competed with a Monégasque licence. He has been test and third driver for the Jordan and Red Bull Racing Formula One teams, as well as driving for Minardi and Red Bull Racing in 2005 and 2006. Doornbos then drove for Minardi Team USA in the 2007 and final season of the Champ Car World Series. He competed in the Superleague Formula racing series in 2008, and drove for the Netherlands team in A1 Grand Prix's 2008–2009 season. In 2009, Doornbos competed in the IndyCar Series. He began the season with Newman/Haas/Lanigan Racing, but switched to HVM Racing after the race in Kentucky Speedway.
2. Natalie Horler, German singer births
  1. Natalie Horler
    
    Natalie Christine Horler is a German-English singer and television presenter, best known for being the lead singer of the Eurodance group Cascada.
3. Helen Richardson-Walsh, English field hockey player births
  1. Helen Richardson-Walsh
    
    Helen Richardson-Walsh, is an English hockey player who plays as a midfielder. She has been a member of both the England and the Great Britain women's field hockey teams since 1999, and was a member of the Great Britain team that won gold at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
4. Chief Dan George, Canadian actor, author, and poet (b. 1899) deaths
  1. Chief Dan George
    
    Chief Dan George was a chief of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation, a Coast Salish band whose Indian reserve is located on Burrard Inlet in the southeast area of the District of North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He also was an actor, musician, poet and an author. The Chief's best-known written work is "My Heart Soars". As an actor, he is best remembered for portraying Old Lodge Skins opposite Dustin Hoffman in Little Big Man (1970), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and for his role in The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976), as Lone Watie, opposite Clint Eastwood.
1980
1. Matt White, American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Matt White (musician)
    
    Matt White is an American singer-songwriter based in New York City. His full-length debut album, Best Days, released by Geffen Records, reached No. 4 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart.
2. Liz Murray, American inspirational speaker births
  1. Liz Murray
    
    Elizabeth "Liz" Murray is an American memoirist and inspirational speaker who is notable for having been accepted by Harvard University despite being homeless in her high school years. Her life story was chronicled in Lifetime's television film Homeless to Harvard: The Liz Murray Story (2003). Murray's memoir Breaking Night: A Memoir of Forgiveness, Survival, and My Journey from Homeless to Harvard, published in 2010 is a New York Times Bestseller.
1979
1. Ricky Davis, American basketball player births
  1. Ricky Davis
    
    Tyree Ricardo Davis is an American former professional basketball player who played twelve seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for University of Iowa.
2. Bryant McKinnie, American football player births
  1. Bryant McKinnie
    
    Bryant Douglas McKinnie is a former American football offensive tackle. He played college football at the University of Miami, where he was twice recognized as an All-American.
3. Fábio Simplício, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Fábio Simplício
    
    Fábio Henrique Simplício is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a midfielder.
4. Lote Tuqiri, Fijian-Australian rugby player births
  1. Lote Tuqiri
    
    Lote Daulako Tuqiri is a former professional dual-code rugby footballer who primarily played as a winger across both codes. He represented Australia in both rugby league and rugby union, and Fiji in rugby league. Tuqiri first rose to prominence as a professional rugby league footballer for the Brisbane Broncos and Queensland Maroons, as well as the Fiji and Australia national sides. He was therefore a high-profile signing for rugby union in 2002, winning 67 caps for Australia and being a part of their 2003 and 2007 World Cup squads. He played rugby union for the Waratahs in the Super 14 and Leicester Tigers in England in season 2009–10. Tuqiri's contract with the Australian Rugby Union was terminated on 1 July 2009. No immediate reason was given, and Tuqiri returned to rugby league in 2010, playing for the Wests Tigers of the NRL. In September 2013, he signed a short-term contract with Irish rugby union giants, Leinster to play in the Pro12 in a three-month deal. Just 6 weeks out from the 2014 NRL season, Tuqiri signed with his third NRL club, the South Sydney Rabbitohs, on a one-year deal.
5. Catherine Lacey, English actress (b. 1904) deaths
  1. Catherine Lacey
    
    Catherine Lacey was an English actress of stage and screen.
1978
1. Benjamin Curtis, American guitarist, drummer, and songwriter (d. 2013) births
  1. Benjamin Curtis (musician)
    
    Benjamin Curtis was an American guitarist. He was a member of bands Tripping Daisy, Secret Machines and School of Seven Bells.
2. Anthony Mackie, American actor births
  1. Anthony Mackie
    
    Anthony Dwane Mackie is an American actor. Mackie made his acting debut starring in the semi-biographical drama film 8 Mile (2002). He was later nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Actor for his performance in the LGBT drama Brother to Brother (2004), and in the same year, appeared in psychological thriller The Manchurian Candidate and the sports film Million Dollar Baby. Mackie starred in Half Nelson (2006); in 2008, Mackie both appeared in the action thriller Eagle Eye, and was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in The Hurt Locker. He portrayed Tupac Shakur in Notorious (2009), and later starred in Night Catches Us (2010), and The Adjustment Bureau and Real Steel.
3. Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (b. 1950) deaths
  1. Lyman Bostock
    
    Lyman Wesley Bostock Jr. was an American professional baseball player. He played Major League Baseball for four seasons, as an outfielder for the Minnesota Twins (1975–77) and California Angels (1978), with a lifetime average of .311. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
1977
1. Matthieu Descoteaux, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Matthieu Descoteaux
    
    Matthieu Andre Jean Marc Luc Descoteaux is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens.
2. Dmitri Kulikov, Estonian footballer births
  1. Dmitri Kulikov (footballer)
    
    Dmitri Kulikov is an Estonian football referee and a former footballer, who played as defender and midfielder for Estonian Meistriliiga club FC Kuressaare and Latvian Virsliga club FK Jaunība Rīga.
3. Fabio Ongaro, Italian rugby player births
  1. Fabio Ongaro
    
    Fabio Ongaro is an Italian rugby union footballer. Although he now plays as a hooker, he played in the Italian youth teams as a flanker.
4. Brett Prebble, Australian jockey births
  1. Brett Prebble
    
    Brett Prebble is a leading Australian jockey, currently based in Melbourne, Victoria. Having ridden over 1200 career winners, Prebble's most famous win came aboard Green Moon in the 2012 Emirates Melbourne Cup.
5. Rachael Yamagata, American singer-songwriter and pianist births
  1. Rachael Yamagata
    
    Rachael Yamagata is an American singer-songwriter and pianist from Arlington, Virginia. She began her musical career with the band Bumpus before becoming a solo artist and releasing five EPs and four studio albums. Her songs have appeared on numerous television shows and she has collaborated with Jason Mraz, Rhett Miller, Bright Eyes, Ryan Adams, Toots and the Maytals and Ray Lamontagne.
1976
1. Sarah Blasko, Australian singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. Sarah Blasko
    
    Sarah Elizabeth Blaskow, known professionally as Sarah Blasko, is an Australian singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. From April 2002, Blasko developed her solo career after fronting Sydney-based band, Acquiesce, between the mid-1990s and 2001. She had performed under her then married name, Sarah Semmens, and, after leaving Acquiesce, as Sorija in a briefly existing duo of that name. As a solo artist Blasko has released six studio albums, The Overture & the Underscore, What the Sea Wants, the Sea Will Have – which peaked at No. 7 on the ARIA Albums Chart, As Day Follows Night – which reached No. 5, I Awake – which made No. 9, Eternal Return, and Depth of Field.
2. Robert James-Collier, English actor births
  1. Robert James-Collier
    
    Robert James-Collier is a British actor. He is known for his roles as Thomas Barrow in Downton Abbey and as Liam Connor in Coronation Street.
3. Valeriy Sydorenko, Ukrainian boxer births
  1. Valeriy Sydorenko
    
    Valeriy Petrovych Sydorenko is a Ukrainian former amateur boxer. He competed for his native country at the 2000 Olympics and later won the 2000 European Amateur Boxing Championships.
4. Volodymyr Sydorenko, Ukrainian boxer births
  1. Volodymyr Sydorenko
    
    Volodymyr Sydorenko, also known as Wladimir Sidorenko, is a Ukrainian former professional boxer who competed from 2001 to 2010, and held the WBA bantamweight title from 2005 to 2008. As an amateur he won a silver medal at the 2001 World Championships, and consecutive gold at the 1998 and 2000 European Championships; all in the flyweight division. His twin brother is former amateur boxer Valeriy Sydorenko.
1975
1. Layzie Bone, American rapper births
  1. Layzie Bone
    
    Steven Howse, known professionally as Layzie Bone, is a rapper known primarily for being a member of the group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. He has also gone by the names L-Burna and The #1 Assassin. He is the younger brother of fellow group member Flesh-N-Bone and cousin of group member Wish Bone. Layzie is also a member of the rap group Bone Brothers and CEO of the record label Harmony Howse Entertainment.
2. Kim Dong-moon, South Korean badminton player births
  1. Kim Dong-moon
    
    Kim Dong-moon is a retired South Korean badminton player who won major titles between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s (decade), and widely regarded as one of finest men's doubles and mixed doubles players in badminton history. Kim captured the world attention when he unexpectedly winning the gold medal in the mixed doubles event with Gil Young-ah at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Olympics. On his path to greatness, he won gold medals both in men's and mixed doubles at the 1999 World Championships. Kim and Ra Kyung-min, partnered up to become one of the strongest mixed doubles pairings of that time. They did not drop a single match from April to November in 2003. They won 10 straight victorious tournaments: 9 consecutive Grand Prix events and one World Championship title. Their excellent results in 2003 earned Kim and Ra the Eddie Choong Player of the Year award. He captured this award previously by himself in 2002. Despite their domination, the golden couple crashed in the second round against the Danish partnership of Jonas Rasmussen and Rikke Olsen at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Kim however redeemed himself with a gold medal in men's doubles with Ha Tae-kwon. After the 2004 Olympics, Kim retired from playing and married his former mixed doubles partner, Ra in 2005. Kim is currently the only South Korean player to have ever won Olympic gold in both the men's and mixed doubles events. He was inducted into the BWF Hall of Fame in 2009.
3. Chris Hawkins, English journalist and producer births
  1. Chris Hawkins
    
    Christopher Charles Hawkins is a British radio presenter, DJ, and music pundit.
4. Eric Miller, Irish rugby player, footballer, and coach births
  1. Eric Miller (rugby union)
    
    Eric Miller is a former Irish rugby union and Gaelic football player. As a rugby player Miller played for, among others Old Wesley, Leicester Tigers, Ulster, Leinster, the Barbarians, Ireland and the British and Irish Lions. After retiring as a rugby player, Miller switched football codes and went on to play Gaelic football for the Dublin county team.
1974
1. Ben Duckworth, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Ben Duckworth
    
    Ben Duckworth is a former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Illawarra Steelers, Eastern Suburbs, Balmain Tigers, Wests Tigers and Parramatta Eels.
2. Matt Hardy, American wrestler births
  1. Matt Hardy
    
    Matthew Moore Hardy is an American professional wrestler currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW). He is best known for his time with WWE.
3. Cliff Arquette, American actor and comedian (b. 1905) deaths
  1. Cliff Arquette
    
    Clifford Charles Arquette was an American actor and comedian. Famous for his persona Charley Weaver, played on numerous television shows.
4. Robbie McIntosh, Scottish drummer (b. 1950) deaths
  1. Robbie McIntosh (drummer)
    
    Robert Broderick James McIntosh was a Scottish drummer from Dundee, who was a founder-member of the Average White Band (AWB). His father was American-born actor Bonar Colleano, who had a successful career in films, especially in the UK.
1973
1. Ingrid Fliter, Argentinian pianist births
  1. Ingrid Fliter
    
    Íngrid Fliter is an Argentinian pianist. She began her formal piano studies with Elizabeth Westerkamp. Her first public appearance in recital was at age 11, and she made her concerto debut at the Teatro Colón at age 16.
2. Vangelis Krios, Greek footballer and coach births
  1. Vangelis Krios
    
    Vangelis Krios is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
3. Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904) deaths
  1. Pablo Neruda
    
    Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto, better known by his pen name and, later, legal name Pablo Neruda, was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature. Neruda became known as a poet when he was 13 years old, and wrote in a variety of styles, including surrealist poems, historical epics, overtly political manifestos, a prose autobiography, and passionate love poems such as the ones in his collection Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair (1924).
  2. Nobel Prize in Literature
    
    The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.
1972
1. Sam Bettens, Belgian singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Sam Bettens
    
    Sam Bettens is a Belgian musician and the lead singer of the Belgian band K's Choice.
2. Alistair Campbell, Zimbabwean cricketer births
  1. Alistair Campbell (cricketer)
    
    Alistair Douglas Ross Campbell is a retired Zimbabwean cricketer and a former captain of the Zimbabwe national cricket team. He is also a cricket commentator. In total he played 60 matches in his Test career, captaining Zimbabwe on 21 occasions. He also played 188 One Day Internationals, being captain in 86 of them. He retired from cricket in 2003.
3. Jermaine Dupri, American rapper and producer births
  1. Jermaine Dupri
    
    Jermaine Dupri Mauldin is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, record executive, entrepreneur, and DJ.
4. Karl Pilkington, English actor and producer births
  1. Karl Pilkington
    
    Karl Pilkington is an English presenter, comedian, actor, voice-artist, producer and author.
1971
1. Moin Khan, Pakistani cricketer and coach births
  1. Moin Khan
    
    Muhammad Moin Khan is a Pakistani cricket coach and former cricketer, primarily a wicketkeeper-batsman, who remained a member of the Pakistani national cricket team from 1990 to 2004. He has also captained the Pakistani side. He made his international debut against the West Indies at Multan. He took over 100 catches in Test cricket. He has scored over 3,000 ODI runs and taken over 200 catches in ODI cricket. He is credited with coining the name of Saqlain Mushtaq's mystery delivery that goes from leg to off, as the doosra. It means the "other one" in Urdu. In July 2013, he replaced Iqbal Qasim as the chief selector of the Pakistan cricket team. Moin was appointed the head coach of the national team on 11 February 2014.
2. Eric Montross, American basketball player and sportscaster births
  1. Eric Montross
    
    Eric Scott “Big Grits” Montross is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for eight seasons with the Boston Celtics, Dallas Mavericks, New Jersey Nets, Philadelphia 76ers, Detroit Pistons, and Toronto Raptors. Born in Indianapolis, he played for Lawrence North High School before enrolling at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to play for the Tar Heels.
3. Sean Spicer, 30th White House Press Secretary births
  1. Sean Spicer
    
    Sean Michael Spicer is a former American political aide who served as the 30th White House Press Secretary and as White House Communications Director under President Donald Trump in 2017. Spicer was communications director of the Republican National Committee from 2011 to 2017, and its chief strategist from 2015 to 2017.
  2. White House Press Secretary
    
    The White House press secretary is a senior White House official whose primary responsibility is to act as spokesperson for the executive branch of the United States federal government, especially with regard to the president, senior aides and executives, as well as government policies.
4. James Waddell Alexander II, American mathematician and topologist (b. 1888) deaths
  1. James Waddell Alexander II
    
    James Waddell Alexander II was a mathematician and topologist of the pre-World War II era and part of an influential Princeton topology elite, which included Oswald Veblen, Solomon Lefschetz, and others. He was one of the first members of the Institute for Advanced Study (1933–1951), and also a professor at Princeton University (1920–1951).
1970
1. Adrian Brunker, Australian rugby player births
  1. Adrian Brunker
    
    Adrian Brunker is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played at representative level for Queensland, and at club level for Newcastle Knights, Gold Coast Seagulls, St George Dragons and Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, as a fullback, wing, centre, or five-eighth.
2. Lucia Cifarelli, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player births
  1. Lucia Cifarelli
    
    Lucia Cifarelli is an American musician, best known for her work with industrial band KMFDM. She was formerly the vocalist for the band Drill and also performed in KMFDM offshoots MDFMK, KGC, and Schwein.
3. Ani DiFranco, American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Ani DiFranco
    
    Angela Maria "Ani" DiFranco is an American-Canadian singer-songwriter. She has released more than 20 albums. DiFranco's music has been classified as folk rock and alternative rock, although it has additional influences from punk, funk, hip hop and jazz. She has released all her albums on her own record label, Righteous Babe.
4. Giorgos Koltsidas, Greek footballer births
  1. Georgios Koltsidas
    
    Georgios Koltsidas is a retired football player, who played as a defender and was known for his strong tackles. He is currently the general director of Aris.
1969
1. Donald Audette, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Donald Audette
    
    Donald Daniel Audette is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward who played fourteen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Buffalo Sabres, Los Angeles Kings, Atlanta Thrashers, Dallas Stars, Montreal Canadiens and Florida Panthers.
2. Patrick Fiori, French singer-songwriter births
  1. Patrick Fiori
    
    Patrick Fiori is a French singer of Armenian descent.
3. Tapio Laukkanen, Finnish race car driver births
  1. Tapio Laukkanen
    
    Tapio Laukkanen is a Finnish rally driver.
4. Rod Pampling, Australian golfer births
  1. Rod Pampling
    
    Rodney Pampling is an Australian professional golfer. He currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions, and was a three-time winner on the PGA Tour.
5. Jan Suchopárek, Czech footballer and manager births
  1. Jan Suchopárek
    
    Jan Suchopárek is a Czech football coach and former defender, who is head coach of the Czech Republic U21 national team.
1968
1. Yvette Fielding, English actress and producer births
  1. Yvette Fielding
    
    Yvette Paula Fielding is an English television presenter, producer and actress. She became the youngest presenter on Blue Peter aged 18, and one of her episodes was subsequently voted the "Favourite Blue Peter moment" ever. With her husband Karl Beattie, she presented the Most Haunted series on the Living channel, via their own production company, followed by Ghosthunting With..., establishing Fielding as 'first lady of the paranormal'. She has appeared in a wide range of other programmes, from The Wright Stuff to Through the Keyhole and I'm A Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!.
2. Adam Price, Welsh politician births
  1. Adam Price
    
    Adam Robert Price is a Welsh politician serving as the Leader of Plaid Cymru since 2018. Since 2016, he has sat in the Senedd for Carmarthen East and Dinefwr, having previously been a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Carmarthen East and Dinefwr constituency.
3. Pio of Pietrelcina, Italian priest and saint (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Padre Pio
    
    Francesco Forgione, OFM Cap., better known as Padre Pio and also Saint Pius of Pietrelcina, was an Italian Franciscan Capuchin friar, priest, stigmatist, and mystic. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, celebrated on 23 September.
1967
1. Hilary Andersson, American-English journalist births
  1. Hilary Andersson
    
    Hilary Harper Andersson is an American journalist presently working for the BBC. She has been a correspondent for Panorama since 2006.
2. Chris Wilder, English footballer and manager births
  1. Chris Wilder
    
    Christopher John Wilder is an English professional football manager and former player who played as a right-back. He was most recently the manager of EFL Championship club Middlesbrough.
3. Stanislaus Zbyszko, Polish wrestler and strongman (b. 1879) deaths
  1. Stanislaus Zbyszko
    
    Jan Stanisław Cyganiewicz, better known by his ring name as Stanislaus Zbyszko, was a Polish strongman and professional wrestler. He was a three-time World Heavyweight Champion at his highest profile in the United States during the 1920s. The surname Zbyszko was only a nickname, given to him by friends due to his bravery when he was a child. The name comes from a fictional medieval Polish knight in the historical novel The Knights of the Cross by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Stanislaus Zbyszko was the brother of Wladek Zbyszko (1891-1968).
1966
1. Pete Harnisch, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Pete Harnisch
    
    Peter Thomas Harnisch is an American former Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher. He played in college at Fordham University from 1984 through 1987, and was an All-American pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball from 1988 through 2001 for the Baltimore Orioles, Houston Astros, New York Mets, Milwaukee Brewers and Cincinnati Reds.
1965
1. Mark Woodforde, Australian tennis player and sportscaster births
  1. Mark Woodforde
    
    Mark Raymond Woodforde, OAM is a former professional tennis player from Australia. He is best known as one half of "The Woodies", a doubles partnership with Todd Woodbridge.
1964
1. Clayton Blackmore, Welsh footballer and manager births
  1. Clayton Blackmore
    
    Clayton Graham Blackmore is a Welsh former international footballer. He was a combative player known for his attacking free kicks and a utility player who excelled in defence, but could play equally well in midfield.
2. Josefa Idem, German-born Italian kayaker births
  1. Josefa Idem
    
    Josefa Idem married Guerrini is an Italian sprint canoer turned politician. Competing in eight Summer Olympics, she has five medals. Winning 35 international medals during her career, Idem was the first Italian woman to win World Championships and Olympic medals in canoe sprint. At the 2009 world championships, she became the oldest medalist in the history of the world championships.
3. Koshi Inaba, Japanese singer-songwriter births
  1. Koshi Inaba
    
    Koshi Inaba is a Japanese vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and songwriter. He is best known as the singer and lyricist of the rock duo B'z, the best-selling music act in their native Japan. He has also had a successful solo career, with five studio albums and five singles topping the Japanese music charts. He collaborated with Slash on single "Sahara" which was released in 2009. In 2017, he released a collaborative album, Chubby Groove, with Stevie Salas under the name "Inaba/Salas".
4. Larry Krystkowiak, American basketball player and coach births
  1. Larry Krystkowiak
    
    Larry Brett Krystkowiak is a retired American professional basketball player, and former head coach of the Utah Utes men's basketball team.
5. Katie Mitchell, English director and producer births
  1. Katie Mitchell
    
    Katrina Jane Mitchell is an English theatre director.
6. Julian Parkhill, English biologist and academic births
  1. Julian Parkhill
    
    Julian Parkhill is the Marks & Spencer Professor of Farm Animal Health, Food Science and Safety in the Department of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Cambridge. He previously served as head of pathogen genomics at the Wellcome Sanger Institute.
7. Bill Phillips, American businessman and author births
  1. Bill Phillips (author)
    
    William Nathaniel Phillips is an American entrepreneur and author. He wrote Body for Life: 12 Weeks to Mental and Physical Strength with Mike D'Orso. He is also the author of Eating for Life and the founder and former editor in chief of Muscle Media magazine and the former CEO of EAS, a performance nutritional supplement company. Other books that Phillips has authored are Anabolic Reference Guide, The Natural Supplement Review, and Transformation: The Mindset You Need. The Body You Want. The Life You Deserve. Phillips made a promotional movie called Body of Work which was filmed in Las Vegas, Nevada and chronicled the first EAS Challenge.
1963
1. Anne-Marie Cadieux, Canadian actress, director, and screenwriter births
  1. Anne-Marie Cadieux
    
    Anne-Marie Cadieux is a Canadian actress, film director and screenwriter. She has won a Jutra Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Streetheart and in 2008 was nominated for a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role for her role in You (Toi).
2. Alex Proyas, Egyptian-Australian director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Alex Proyas
    
    Alexander Proyas is an Australian filmmaker of Greek descent. Proyas is best known for directing the films The Crow (1994), Dark City (1998), I, Robot (2004), Knowing (2009), and Gods of Egypt (2016).
1962
1. Deborah Orr, Scottish journalist (d. 2019) births
  1. Deborah Orr
    
    Deborah Jane Orr was a British journalist who worked for The Guardian, The Independent and other publications.
1961
1. Chi McBride, American actor births
  1. Chi McBride
    
    Kenneth "Chi" McBride is an American actor. He has appeared in films, where he is known primarily as a character actor, and in television, where he has had numerous starring roles.
2. William C. McCool, American commander, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2003) births
  1. William C. McCool
    
    William Cameron "Willie" McCool was an American naval officer and aviator, test pilot, aeronautical engineer, and NASA astronaut, who was the pilot of Space Shuttle Columbia mission STS-107. He and the rest of the crew of STS-107 were killed when Columbia disintegrated during reentry into the atmosphere. He was the crew's youngest male member. He was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor.
1960
1. Kurt Beyer, American wrestler births
  1. Kurt Beyer
    
    Kurt Beyer is a semi-retired American professional wrestler who competed in Japanese and international promotions during the 1990s, most notably teaming with his father The Destroyer during his last tour with All Japan Pro Wrestling in 1993.
2. Luis Moya, Spanish race car driver births
  1. Luis Moya
    
    Luis Rodríguez Moya, better known as Luis Moya is a now-retired Spanish rally co-driver, synonymous with driver Carlos Sainz. He is the third most successful co-driver in the history of the World Rally Championship (WRC), after Daniel Elena and Timo Rautiainen. He was born in A Coruña.
1959
1. Jason Alexander, American actor, singer, and voice artist births
  1. Jason Alexander
    
    Jay Scott Greenspan, known professionally as Jason Alexander, is an American actor, comedian, and director. An Emmy and Tony winner, he is best known for his role as George Costanza in the television series Seinfeld (1989–1998), for which he was nominated for seven consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards and four Golden Globe Awards.
2. Frank Cottrell-Boyce, English author and screenwriter births
  1. Frank Cottrell-Boyce
    
    Frank Cottrell-Boyce is an English screenwriter, novelist and occasional actor, known for his children's fiction and for his collaborations with film director Michael Winterbottom. He has achieved fame as the writer for the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony and for sequels to Chitty Chitty Bang Bang: The Magical Car, a children's classic by Ian Fleming.
3. Hans Nijman, Dutch mixed martial artist and wrestler (d. 2014) births
  1. Hans Nijman
    
    Johannes Petrus "Hans" Nijman was a Dutch former professional mixed martial artist and professional wrestler. He competed in the heavyweight division. He was a RINGS Holland veteran and fought for many other top promotions such as Pride FC and It's Showtime. Nijman is believed to have had connections with Willem Holleeder and other big names in the Dutch criminal underworld. His name appeared in several police records and has also been used in big court cases.
4. Chris O'Sullivan, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Chris O'Sullivan (rugby league)
    
    Chris O'Sullivan is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 1990s. O'Sullivan played for the Canberra Raiders. O'Sullivan's position of choice was five-eighth.
5. Martin Page, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer births
  1. Martin Page
    
    Martin George Page is an English singer-songwriter and bassist. Page has collaborated with artists such as Paul Young, Starship, Robbie Robertson, Earth, Wind & Fire, Heart, Robbie Williams and Go West.
6. Elizabeth Peña, American actress (d. 2014) births
  1. Elizabeth Peña
    
    Elizabeth Maria Peña was an American actress, writer and musician. Her work in films included Nothing like the Holidays, Batteries Not Included, La Bamba, Down and Out in Beverly Hills, Jacob's Ladder, Rush Hour, The Incredibles, and Lone Star, for which she won the 1996 Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female and a Bravo Award for Outstanding Actress in a Feature Film. She was also a founding member of the Hispanic Organization of Latin Actors. Peña also voiced Rosa Santos in Maya and Miguel.
7. Karen Pierce, English diplomat births
  1. Karen Pierce
    
    Dame Karen Elizabeth Pierce, Lady Roxburgh, is a British diplomat who is currently British Ambassador to the United States at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, and was previously the Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations.
1958
1. Danielle Dax, English singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. Danielle Dax
    
    Danielle Dax is an English experimental musician and producer most active from the late-1970s to the mid-1990s.
2. Khaled El Sheikh, Bahraini singer-songwriter births
  1. Khaled El Sheikh
    
    Khaled El Sheikh is a Bahraini singer. Married with 5 daughters. Honored in 12th Bahrain International Musical Festival on 14 October 2003. Honored by Culture & Arts Directorate, Ministry of Information for best music and sound effects for Akhbar AlMajnoon play on 6 July 2005.
3. Tony Fossas, Cuban-American baseball player and coach births
  1. Tony Fossas
    
    Emilio Antonio Fossas Morejon is a former left-handed Major League Baseball pitcher who played between 1988 and 1999.
4. Marvin Lewis, American football player and coach births
  1. Marvin Lewis
    
    Marvin Ronald Lewis is an American football coach who is the special advisor to the head coach at Arizona State. Previously, Lewis was the head coach of the Cincinnati Bengals in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons. He came to prominence as the defensive coordinator of the Baltimore Ravens from 1996 to 2001, whose defense in 2000 set the record for the fewest points allowed in a 16-game season and led the franchise to their first Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XXXV. This success resulted in Lewis being named the Bengals' head coach, where he served from 2003 to 2018. He was also a commentator for the Alliance of American Football (AAF).
5. Larry Mize, American golfer births
  1. Larry Mize
    
    Lawrence Hogan Mize is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and currently plays on the Champions Tour. He is well known for one career-defining shot – a chip from off the green at the 11th hole at Augusta to win the playoff for the 1987 Masters Tournament, which is his only major title to date. He is also the only winner of that tournament to come from Augusta.
6. Jacob Nicol, Canadian publisher, lawyer, and politician (b. 1876) deaths
  1. Jacob Nicol
    
    Jacob Nicol, was a Canadian lawyer, newspaper publisher, and politician.
1957
1. Rosalind Chao, American actress births
  1. Rosalind Chao
    
    Rosalind Chao is an American actress. Chao's best-known roles have been Soon-Lee Klinger in the mid-1980s CBS show AfterMASH, Rose Hsu Jordan in the 1993 movie The Joy Luck Club, the recurring character Keiko O'Brien on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine in the 1990s, and Dr. Kim on The O.C. in 2003. She also played Hua Li, Mulan’s mother, in the live-action 2020 remake of Mulan.
1956
1. Peter David, American author, actor, and screenwriter births
  1. Peter David
    
    Peter Allen David, often abbreviated PAD, is an American writer of comic books, novels, television, films and video games. His notable comic book work includes an award-winning 12-year run on The Incredible Hulk, as well as runs on Aquaman, Young Justice, Supergirl, Fallen Angel, Spider-Man, Spider-Man 2099, Captain Marvel and X-Factor.
2. Tom Hogan, Australian cricketer births
  1. Tom Hogan
    
    Tom George Hogan is a former Australian cricketer.
3. Paolo Rossi, Italian footballer (d. 2020) births
  1. Paolo Rossi
    
    Paolo Rossi was an Italian professional footballer who played as a forward. He led Italy to the 1982 FIFA World Cup title, scoring six goals to win the Golden Boot as top goalscorer, and the Golden Ball for the player of the tournament. Rossi is one of only three players, and the only European, to have won all three awards at a World Cup, along with Garrincha in 1962, and Mario Kempes in 1978. Rossi was also awarded the 1982 Ballon d'Or as the European Footballer of the Year for his performances. Along with Roberto Baggio and Christian Vieri, he is Italy's top scorer in World Cup history, with nine goals overall.
1954
1. Charlie Barnett, American actor (d. 1996) births
  1. Charlie Barnett (comedian)
    
    Charles Barnett was an American comedian and actor.
2. Cherie Blair, English lawyer and academic births
  1. Cherie Blair
    
    Cherie, Lady Blair,, also known professionally as Cherie Booth, is an English barrister and writer. She is married to the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Sir Tony Blair.
1953
1. Nicholas Witchell, English journalist births
  1. Nicholas Witchell
    
    Nicholas Newton Henshall Witchell OStJ FRGS is an English journalist and news presenter. The latter half of his career has been as royal correspondent for BBC News.
1952
1. Mark Bego, American author births
  1. Mark Bego
    
    Mark Joseph Bego is an author known for his biographies focusing on the rock & roll and show business genres. Bego has written a total of 59 books, two of which have gone on to become New York Times Best Sellers. Bego has written biographies about some of entertainment's biggest stars, including: Linda Ronstadt, Elton John, Aretha Franklin, Elvis Presley, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Billy Joel, Patsy Cline, Leonardo DiCaprio, and Whitney Houston.
2. Anshuman Gaekwad, Indian cricketer births
  1. Anshuman Gaekwad
    
    Anshuman Dattajirao Gaekwad pronunciation (help·info) is a former Indian cricketer and two-time Indian national cricket coach. He played in 40 Test matches and 15 One Day Internationals. His father Datta Gaekwad also played Test Cricket for India.
3. Dennis Lamp, American baseball player births
  1. Dennis Lamp
    
    Dennis Patrick Lamp is a former professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball. From 1977 through 1992, the breaking ball specialist played for the Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, Oakland Athletics, Boston Red Sox, and Pittsburgh Pirates.
4. Jim Morrison, American baseball player and manager births
  1. Jim Morrison (baseball)
    
    James Forrest Morrison, is an American former professional baseball second baseman and third baseman, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, Chicago White Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Detroit Tigers, and Atlanta Braves from 1977 to 1988.
1951
1. Steven Springer, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2012) births
  1. Steven Springer
    
    Steven Springer was an American guitarist and songwriter known for his innovative smooth soft touch guitar style. He was best known for being a member of the Trinidad Tripoli Steel Band and for playing with Sir Lancelot Pinard, Arizona-based band Sanctuary, as well as founding the musical project Tropicooljazz.
1950
1. George Garzone, American saxophonist and educator births
  1. George Garzone
    
    George Garzone is a saxophonist and jazz educator from Boston, Massachusetts.
2. Sam Barry, American basketball player and coach (b. 1892) deaths
  1. Sam Barry
    
    Justin McCarthy "Sam" Barry was an American collegiate coach who achieved significant accomplishments in three major sports. He remains one of only three coaches to lead teams to both the Final Four and the College World Series. Barry, and four of his USC players, have been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as coaches; Sharman was also inducted as a player.
1949
1. Floella Benjamin, Trinidadian-English actress, academic, and politician births
  1. Floella Benjamin
    
    Floella Karen Yunies Benjamin, Baroness Benjamin, is a Trinidadian-British actress, singer, presenter, author, businesswoman, and politician. She is known as presenter of children's programmes such as Play School, Play Away, Jamboree and Fast Forward. On 28 June 2010, Lady Benjamin was introduced to the House of Lords as a life peer nominated by the Liberal Democrats.
2. Bruce Springsteen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Bruce Springsteen
    
    Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen is an American singer and songwriter. He has released 21 studio albums, most of which feature his backing band, the E Street Band. Originally from the Jersey Shore, he is an originator of heartland rock, combining mainstream rock musical styles with narrative songs about working class American life. Nicknamed "The Boss", his career has spanned six decades. Springsteen is known for his poetic, socially conscious lyrics and energetic stage performances, sometimes lasting up to four hours.
3. Kostas Tournas, Greek singer-songwriter births
  1. Kostas Tournas
    
    Kostas Tournas is one of the pioneers of modern Greek rock. He is a singer and composer of many hits in the '70s including Ti Na Mas Kanei I Nychta.
1948
1. Dan Toler, American guitarist (d. 2013) births
  1. Dan Toler
    
    Daniel Lee Toler , known professionally as "Dangerous" Dan Toler, was an American guitarist.
1947
1. Christian Bordeleau, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Christian Bordeleau
    
    Christian Gerrard "Chris" Bordeleau is a Canadian former professional ice hockey forward. He played in the National Hockey League between 1969 and 1972, and the World Hockey Association between 1972 and 1979.
2. Mary Kay Place, American actress births
  1. Mary Kay Place
    
    Mary Kay Place is an American actress, singer, director, and screenwriter. She is known for portraying Loretta Haggers on the television series Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman, a role that won her the 1977 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Comedy Series. Her numerous film appearances include Private Benjamin (1980), The Big Chill (1983), Captain Ron (1992) and Francis Ford Coppola's 1997 drama The Rainmaker. Place also recorded three studio albums for Columbia Records, one in the Haggers persona, which included the Top Ten country music hit "Baby Boy." For her performance in Diane (2018), Place won the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress.
3. Neal Smith, American drummer and songwriter births
  1. Neal Smith (drummer)
    
    Neal Smith is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the rock group Alice Cooper from 1967 to 1974. He performed on the group's early albums Pretties for You and Easy Action, their breakout album Love It to Death and the subsequent successful albums Killer, School's Out, and Billion Dollar Babies. The last new studio album with the five original Alice Cooper group members participating in new music was Muscle of Love in 1973. The original group's Greatest Hits studio album was released in 1974. In 2018, a live performance album Live from the Astroturf recorded in 2015 was released, featuring four of the original group members performing eight of their hit songs, with long-time Alice Cooper solo band guitarist and friend Ryan Roxie interplaying lead guitar parts with original group rhythm guitarist Michael Bruce, on behalf of original group lead guitarist Glen Buxton, who died in 1997 of pneumonia three weeks before his 50th birthday.
1946
1. Franz Fischler, Austrian politician births
  1. Franz Fischler
    
    Franz Fischler is an Austrian politician from the Christian-conservative People's Party (ÖVP). He was the European Union's Commissioner for Agriculture, Rural Development and Fisheries (1995–2004). He also was President of the European Forum Alpbach.
2. Bernard Maris, French economist and journalist (d. 2015) births
  1. Bernard Maris
    
    Bernard Henri Maris, also known as "Oncle Bernard", was a French economist, writer and journalist who was also a shareholder in Charlie Hebdo magazine. He was murdered on 7 January 2015, during the shooting at the headquarters of the magazine in Paris.
3. Genista McIntosh, Baroness McIntosh, English politician births
  1. Genista McIntosh, Baroness McIntosh of Hudnall
    
    Genista Mary "Jenny" McIntosh, Baroness McIntosh of Hudnall is a British arts consultant, theatre executive and Labour politician.
4. Davorin Popović, Bosnian singer-songwriter (d. 2001) births
  1. Davorin Popović
    
    Davorin Popović was a Bosnian singer and songwriter, born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was well known throughout the former Yugoslavia. He was the lead singer and frontman of the progressive and pop rock band Indexi throughout most of their career. He and his band "Indexi" became founders of specific music style in former Yugoslavia known as "Sarajevo pop-rock school" who later influenced other bands and singers in Sarajevo and other parts of Yugoslavia.
5. Anne Wheeler, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Anne Wheeler
    
    Anne Wheeler, OC, is a Canadian film and television writer, producer, and director.
1945
1. Ron Bushy, American drummer (d. 2021) births
  1. Ron Bushy
    
    Ron Bushy was an American drummer best known as a member of the rock band Iron Butterfly and as the drum soloist on the band's iconic song "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida", released in 1968 although performed in the band's earlier appearances. Bushy was the only member of the group to appear on all six of its studio albums.
2. Igor Ivanov, Russian politician and diplomat, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs births
  1. Igor Ivanov
    
    Igor Sergeyevich Ivanov is a Russian politician who was Foreign Minister of Russia from 1998 to 2004 under both the Yeltsin and the Putin administrations.
  2. Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
    
    The Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation is a high-ranking Russian government official who heads the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. The foreign minister is one of the five so-called 'presidential' ministers, along with the ministers of defense, interior, emergencies and justice. Although they are members of the Cabinet, they are directly subordinate to the President.
3. Alan Old, English rugby player births
  1. Alan Old
    
    Alan Gerald Bernard Old is an English rugby union player who had 16 caps for England.
1944
1. Eric Bogle, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Eric Bogle
    
    Eric Bogle is a Scottish-born Australian folk singer-songwriter. Born and raised in Scotland, he emigrated to Australia at the age of 25, to settle near Adelaide, South Australia. Bogle's songs have covered a variety of topics and have been performed by many artists. Two of his best known songs are "No Man's Land" and "And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda", with the latter named one of the APRA Top 30 Australian songs in 2001, as part of the celebrations for the Australasian Performing Right Association's 75th anniversary.
2. Richard Lambert, English journalist and academic births
  1. Richard Lambert
    
    Sir Richard Peter Lambert is a British journalist and business executive. He served as director-general of the CBI, chancellor of the University of Warwick, editor of the Financial Times newspaper and chairman of the board of the British Museum.
3. Jakob Schaffner, Swiss author and critic (b. 1875) deaths
  1. Jakob Schaffner
    
    Jakob Schaffner was a leading Swiss novelist who became a supporter of Nazism.
1943
1. Julio Iglesias, Spanish singer-songwriter births
  1. Julio Iglesias
    
    Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva is a Spanish singer, songwriter and former professional footballer. Iglesias is recognized as the most commercially successful Spanish singer in the world and one of the top record sellers in music history, having sold more than 100 million records worldwide in 14 languages. It is estimated that during his career he has performed in more than 5000 concerts, for over 60 million people in five continents. In April 2013, Iglesias was inducted into the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame.
2. Marty Schottenheimer, American football player and coach (d. 2021) births
  1. Marty Schottenheimer
    
    Martin Edward Schottenheimer was an American football linebacker and coach who served as a head coach in the National Football League (NFL) from 1984 to 2006. He was the head coach of the Kansas City Chiefs for 10 seasons, the Cleveland Browns and the San Diego Chargers for five each, and the Washington Redskins for one. Eighth in career wins at 205 and seventh in regular season wins at 200, Schottenheimer has the most wins of an NFL head coach to not win a championship. After coaching in the NFL, he won a 2011 championship in his one season with the Virginia Destroyers of the United Football League (UFL). He was inducted to the Kansas City Chiefs Hall of Fame in 2010.
3. Elinor Glyn, English author, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1864) deaths
  1. Elinor Glyn
    
    Elinor Glyn was a British novelist and scriptwriter who specialised in romantic fiction, which was considered scandalous for its time, although her works are relatively tame by modern standards. She popularized the concept of the it-girl, and had tremendous influence on early 20th-century popular culture and, possibly, on the careers of notable Hollywood stars such as Rudolph Valentino, Gloria Swanson and, especially, Clara Bow.
1942
1. Sila María Calderón, Puerto Rican-American businesswoman and politician, 12th Secretary of State of Puerto Rico births
  1. Sila María Calderón
    
    Sila María Calderón Serra is a Puerto Rican politician, businesswoman, and philanthropist who was the governor of Puerto Rico from 2001 to 2005. She is the first woman elected to that office. Prior to her term as governor, Calderón held various positions in the government of Puerto Rico, including the 12th Secretary of State of Puerto Rico from 1988 to 1989, and Chief of Staff to Governor Rafael Hernández Colón. She was also mayor of San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico, from 1997 to 2001.
  2. Secretary of State of Puerto Rico
    
    The secretary of state of Puerto Rico leads all efforts that promote the cultural, political, and economical relations between Puerto Rico and foreign countries, and other jurisdictions of the United States. The post was created by Article IV of the Constitution of Puerto Rico which merely establishes that the secretary serves as acting governor when the governor is unable to perform his duties—a post similar to that of a lieutenant governor in U.S. politics. In recent times, however, the post has evolved into one similar to that of a foreign minister. Today, the secretary is the officer in charge of Puerto Rico's foreign relations, albeit under the consent of Congress or the U.S. Department of State due to Puerto Rico's political status.
2. Colin Low, Baron Low of Dalston, Scottish scholar and politician births
  1. Colin Low, Baron Low of Dalston
    
    Colin Mackenzie Low, Baron Low of Dalston, is a British politician, law scholar and member of the House of Lords.
3. David Renneberg, Australian cricketer births
  1. David Renneberg
    
    David Alexander Renneberg is a former Australian cricketer who played in eight Test matches from 1966 to 1968.
1941
1. George Jackson, American activist and author, co-founded the Black Guerrilla Family (d. 1971) births
  1. George Jackson (activist)
    
    George Lester Jackson was an American author, activist and prisoner. While serving an indeterminate sentence for the armed robbery of a gas station in 1961, Jackson became involved in revolutionary activity and co-founded the prison gang Black Guerrilla Family.
  2. Black Guerrilla Family
    
    The Black Guerrilla Family is an African-American black power prison and street gang founded in 1966 by George Jackson, George "Big Jake" Lewis, and W. L. Nolen while they were incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison in Marin County, California.
2. Simon Nolet, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Simon Nolet
    
    Simon Laurent Nolet is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played ten seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL), most notably for the Philadelphia Flyers. He was a member of the 1974 Philadelphia Flyers championship team.
3. Norma Winstone, English singer-songwriter births
  1. Norma Winstone
    
    Norma Ann Winstone MBE is an English jazz singer and lyricist. With a career spanning more than 50 years, she is best known for her wordless improvisations. Musicians with whom she has worked include Michael Garrick, John Surman, Michael Gibbs, Mike Westbrook, as well as pianist John Taylor, who was her former husband.
1940
1. Michel Temer, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 25th Vice President of Brazil births
  1. Michel Temer
    
    Michel Miguel Elias Temer Lulia is a Brazilian politician, lawyer and writer who served as the 37th president of Brazil from 31 August 2016 to 31 December 2018. He took office after the impeachment and removal from office of his predecessor Dilma Rousseff. He had been the 24th vice president of Brazil since 2011 and acting president since 12 May 2016, when Rousseff's powers and duties were suspended pending an impeachment trial. At the age of 75, he is the oldest person to have taken the office.
  2. Vice President of Brazil
    
    The Vice President of Brazil, officially the Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, or simply the Vice President of the Republic is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the President. The Vice President's primary role is to replace the president on the event of their death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the president is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out their duties. The vice president is elected jointly with the President as their running mate.
2. Dick Thornett, Australian rugby player and water polo player (d. 2011) births
  1. Dick Thornett
    
    Richard Norman Thornett was one of five Australians to have represented their country in three sports. He was an Olympic water polo player before becoming a rugby league and rugby union player – a dual code international representative.
3. Hale Holden, American businessman (b. 1869) deaths
  1. Hale Holden
    
    Hale Holden was president of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q) from 1914 to 1918 and 1920 to 1929, and chairman of the board of directors for Southern Pacific Railroad from 1932 to 1939. He was one of the lawyers working for James J. Hill's defense team in the Minnesota Rate Cases. In later years he served as a director for a number of large companies including American Telephone & Telegraph, New York Life Insurance Company and the Chemical Bank & Trust.
1939
1. Henry Blofeld, English cricketer and journalist births
  1. Henry Blofeld
    
    Henry Calthorpe Blofeld, OBE nicknamed Blowers by Brian Johnston, is an English retired sports journalist, broadcaster and amateur ornithologist best known as a cricket commentator for Test Match Special on BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra. He has established a reputation as a commentator with an accent, vocabulary and syntax that is quintessentially Old Etonian both in style and substance. He also writes on cricket and has authored eight books to date.
2. Roy Buchanan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1988) births
  1. Roy Buchanan
    
    Leroy "Roy" Buchanan was an American guitarist and blues musician. A pioneer of the Telecaster sound, Buchanan worked as a sideman and as a solo artist, with two gold albums early in his career and two later solo albums that made it to the Billboard chart. He never achieved stardom, but is considered a highly influential guitar player. Guitar Player praised him as having one of the "50 Greatest Tones of All Time." He appeared on the PBS music program Austin City Limits in 1977.
3. Joan Hanham, Baroness Hanham, English politician births
  1. Joan Hanham, Baroness Hanham
    
    Joan Brownlow Hanham, Baroness Hanham, CBE is a former member of the House of Lords. She sat as a Conservative.
4. Sonny Vaccaro, American businessman births
  1. Sonny Vaccaro
    
    John Paul Vincent "Sonny" Vaccaro is an American former sports marketing executive, and lives in Santa Monica, California.
5. Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (b. 1856) deaths
  1. Sigmund Freud
    
    Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies explained as originating in conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
6. Francisco León de la Barra, Mexican politician and diplomat, interim president, 1911 (b. 1863) deaths
  1. Francisco León de la Barra
    
    Francisco León de la Barra y Quijano was a Mexican political figure and diplomat who served as 36th President of Mexico from May 25 to November 6, 1911. He was known to conservatives as "The White President" or the "Pure President."
1938
1. Romy Schneider, Austrian-French actress (d. 1982) births
  1. Romy Schneider
    
    Romy Schneider was a German-French actress. She began her career in the German Heimatfilm genre in the early 1950s when she was 15. From 1955 to 1957, she played the central character of Empress Elisabeth of Austria in the Austrian Sissi trilogy, and later reprised the role in a more mature version in Luchino Visconti's Ludwig (1973). Schneider moved to France, where she made successful and critically acclaimed films with some of the most notable film directors of that era.
1937
1. Jacques Poulin, Canadian author and translator births
  1. Jacques Poulin
    
    Jacques Poulin is a Canadian novelist with a quiet and intimate style of writing. Poulin studied psychology and arts at the Université Laval in Quebec City; he started his career as commercial translator and later became a college guidance counselor. Only after the success of his second novel, Jimmy (1969), was he able to devote himself completely to his writing. Poulin has written fourteen novels, many of which have been translated into English by Sheila Fischman, and published by Cormorant Books.
1936
1. George Eastham, English footballer births
  1. George Eastham
    
    George Edward Eastham, OBE is an English former footballer. He is known for playing for Newcastle United, Arsenal and Stoke City, as well as a member of England's 1966 World Cup-winning squad. However, he is also notable for his involvement in a 1963 court case which proved a landmark in improving players' freedom to move between clubs.
2. Valentín Paniagua, Peruvian lawyer and politician, 91st President of Peru (d. 2006) births
  1. Valentín Paniagua
    
    Valentín Toribio Demetrio Agustin Paniagua Corazao was a Peruvian lawyer and politician who briefly served as President of Peru from 2000 to 2001. Elected President of Congress on 16 November 2000, he ascended to the presidency as incumbent Alberto Fujimori and both his Vice Presidents resigned by 22 November 2000.
  2. President of Peru
    
    The president of Peru, officially called the president of the Republic of Peru, is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is the head of the executive branch and is the Supreme Head of the Armed Forces and Police of Peru. The office of president corresponds to the highest magistracy in the country, making the president the highest-ranking public official in Peru. Due to broadly interpreted impeachment wording in the 1993 Constitution of Peru, the Congress of Peru can impeach the president without cause, effectively making the executive branch subject to the legislature.
3. Sylvain Saudan, Swiss skier births
  1. Sylvain Saudan
    
    Sylvain Saudan is an extreme skier, dubbed "skier of the impossible." He is noted for skiing down large and steep mountains, including those in the Himalayas. In 2007 he survived a helicopter crash in Kashmir.
4. Tareq Suheimat, Jordanian physician, general, and politician (d. 2014) births
  1. Tareq Suheimat
    
    Tareq Salah Attalla Suheimat, was a distinguished Jordanian physician, nephrologist, military General, and statesman. Born in the historic city of Al-Karak in southern Jordan, Suheimat studied in Amman's schools and then studied medicine in a number of universities, institutes and hospitals in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. He joined the Jordanian Armed Forces where he reached the rank of Major General, and has held a number of senior responsibilities at both medical and governmental levels.
1935
1. Prem Chopra, Pakistani-Indian actor births
  1. Prem Chopra
    
    Prem Chopra is an Indian actor in Hindi and Punjabi films. He has acted in 380 films over a span of over 60 years. He has a soft-spoken diction despite being a villain in most films. His 19 films, with him as antagonist and Rajesh Khanna in the lead role remain popular with audiences and critics.
2. Les McCann, American soul-jazz singer and pianist births
  1. Les McCann
    
    Leslie Coleman McCann is an American jazz pianist and vocalist.
3. Ron Tindall, English-Australian footballer, cricketer, and manager (d. 2012) births
  1. Ron Tindall
    
    Ronald Albert Ernest Tindall was an English footballer who played as a striker. He was also an accomplished cricketer, playing for Surrey.
1934
1. Per Olov Enquist, Swedish journalist, author, and playwright (d. 2020) births
  1. Per Olov Enquist
    
    Per Olov Enquist, also known as P. O. Enquist, was a Swedish author. He had worked as a journalist, playwright and novelist.
1933
1. Lloyd J. Old, American immunologist and academic (d. 2011) births
  1. Lloyd J. Old
    
    Lloyd John Old was one of the founders and standard-bearers of the field of cancer immunology. When Old began his career in 1958, tumor immunology was in its infancy. Today, cancer immunotherapies are emerging as a significant advance in cancer therapy.
1932
1. Georg Keßler, German footballer and manager births
  1. Georg Keßler
    
    Georg Kessler is a German former football manager.
1931
1. Hilly Kristal, American businessman, founded CBGB (d. 2007) births
  1. Hilly Kristal
    
    Hillel Kristal was an American club owner, manager and musician who was the owner of the iconic New York City club CBGB, which opened in 1973 and closed in 2006 over a rent dispute.
  2. CBGB
    
    CBGB was a New York City music club opened in 1973 by Hilly Kristal in Manhattan's East Village. The club was previously a biker bar and before that was a dive bar. The letters CBGB were for Country, BlueGrass, and Blues, Kristal's original vision, yet CBGB soon became a famed venue of punk rock and new wave bands like the Ramones, Television, Patti Smith Group, Blondie, and Talking Heads. From the early 1980s onward, CBGB was known for hardcore punk.
2. Stan Lynde, American author and illustrator (d. 2013) births
  1. Stan Lynde
    
    Myron Stanford Lynde was an American comic strip artist, painter and novelist.
3. Gerald Merrithew, Canadian educator and politician (d. 2004) births
  1. Gerald Merrithew
    
    Gerald Stairs "Gerry" Merrithew, born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, was an educator, provincial and federal politician, and statesman.
1930
1. Sehba Akhtar, Pakistani poet and songwriter (d. 1996) births
  1. Sehba Akhtar
    
    Sehba Akhtar was a poet and a film songwriter in Pakistan.
2. Colin Blakely, Northern Irish actor (d. 1987) births
  1. Colin Blakely
    
    Colin George Blakely was a Northern Irish actor. He had roles in the films A Man for All Seasons (1966), The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), and Equus (1977).
3. Ray Charles, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (d. 2004) births
  1. Ray Charles
    
    Ray Charles Robinson Sr. was an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. He is regarded as one of the most iconic and influential singers in history, and was often referred to by contemporaries as "The Genius". Among friends and fellow musicians he preferred being called "Brother Ray". Charles was blinded during childhood, possibly due to glaucoma.
1929
1. Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-German chemist, physicist, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865) deaths
  1. Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
    
    Richard Adolf Zsigmondy was an Austrian-born chemist. He was known for his research in colloids, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1925, as well as for co-inventing the slit-ultramicroscope, and different membrane filters. The crater Zsigmondy on the Moon is named in his honour.
  2. Nobel Prize in Chemistry
    
    The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
1928
1. Frank Foster, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2011) births
  1. Frank Foster (jazz musician)
    
    Frank Benjamin Foster III was an American tenor and soprano saxophonist, flautist, arranger, and composer. Foster collaborated frequently with Count Basie and worked as a bandleader from the early 1950s. In 1998, Howard University awarded Frank Foster with the Benny Golson Jazz Master Award.
2. Roger Grimsby, American journalist and actor (d. 1995) births
  1. Roger Grimsby
    
    Roger Olin Grimsby was an American journalist, television news anchor and actor. Grimsby, who for eighteen years was seen on ABC's flagship station WABC in New York City, is known as one of the pioneers of local television broadcast news.
1926
1. André Cassagnes, French toy maker, created the Etch A Sketch (d. 2013) births
  1. André Cassagnes
    
    André Cassagnes was a French inventor, electrical technician, toymaker, and kite designer. Cassagnes is best known as the inventor of the Etch A Sketch, a popular mechanical drawing toy manufactured since 2016 by Spin Master, formerly by the Ohio Art Company.
  2. Etch A Sketch
    
    Etch A Sketch is a mechanical drawing toy invented by André Cassagnes of France and subsequently manufactured by the Ohio Art Company. It is now owned by Spin Master of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
2. John Coltrane, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1967) births
  1. John Coltrane
    
    John William Coltrane was an American jazz saxophonist, bandleader and composer. He is among the most influential and acclaimed figures in the history of jazz and 20th-century music.
1925
1. Denis C. Twitchett, English historian and scholar (d. 2006) births
  1. Denis Twitchett
    
    Denis Crispin Twitchett was a British Sinologist and scholar who specialized in Chinese history, and is well known as one of the co-editors of The Cambridge History of China.
1924
1. Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan journalist and publisher (d. 1978) births
  1. Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal
    
    Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal was a Nicaraguan journalist and publisher. He was the editor of La Prensa, the only significant opposition newspaper to the long rule of the Somoza family. He is a 1977 laureate of the Maria Moors Cabot Prize of Columbia University in New York. He married Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, who later went on to become President of Nicaragua (1990-1997). In 1978, he was shot to death, one of the precipitating events of the overthrow of the Somoza regime the following year.
1923
1. Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Egyptian journalist (d. 2016) births
  1. Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
    
    Mohamed Hassanein Heikal was an Egyptian journalist. For 17 years (1957–1974), he was editor-in-chief of the Cairo newspaper Al-Ahram and was a commentator on Arab affairs for more than 50 years.
2. Vello Helk, Estonian-Danish historian and author (d. 2014) births
  1. Vello Helk
    
    Vello Helk was an eminent Danish historian of Estonian origin.
1920
1. Mickey Rooney, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 2014) births
  1. Mickey Rooney
    
    Mickey Rooney was an American actor. In a career spanning nine decades, he appeared in more than 300 films and was among the last surviving stars of the silent-film era. He was the top box-office attraction from 1939 to 1941, and one of the best-paid actors of that era. At the height of a career marked by declines and comebacks, Rooney performed the role of Andy Hardy in a series of 16 films in the 1930s and 1940s that epitomized mainstream America's self-image.
1917
1. Santo, Mexican Luchador enmascarado, film actor, and folk icon (d. 1984) births
  1. El Santo
    
    Rodolfo Guzmán Huerta, known professionally as El Santo or in English The Saint, was a Mexican luchador enmascarado, actor and folk hero. He is one of the most famous and iconic Mexican luchadores, and has been referred to as one of "the greatest legends in Mexican sports". His wrestling career spanned nearly five decades, during which he became a folk hero and a symbol of justice for the common man through his appearances in lucha films and comic books telling fictionalized stories of El Santo fighting for justice. He starred or co-starred in at least 54 movies between 1958 and 1982.
2. Asima Chatterjee, Indian chemist (d. 2006) births
  1. Asima Chatterjee
    
    Asima Chatterjee was an Indian organic chemist noted for her work in the fields of organic chemistry and phytomedicine. Her most notable work includes research on vinca alkaloids, the development of anti-epileptic drugs, and development of anti-malarial drugs. She also authored a considerable volume of work on medicinal plants of the Indian subcontinent. She was the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Science from an Indian university.
3. Werner Voss, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897) deaths
  1. Werner Voss
    
    Werner Voss was a World War I German flying ace credited with 48 aerial victories. A dyer's son from Krefeld, he was a patriotic young man while still in school. He began his military career in November 1914 as a 17‑year‑old Hussar. After turning to aviation, he proved to be a natural pilot. After flight school and six months in a bomber unit, he joined a newly formed fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 2 on 21 November 1916. There he befriended Manfred von Richthofen.
1916
1. Aldo Moro, Italian academic and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1978) births
  1. Aldo Moro
    
    Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro was an Italian statesman and a prominent member of the Christian Democracy (DC). He served as prime minister of Italy from December 1963 to June 1968 and then from November 1974 to July 1976.
  2. Prime Minister of Italy
    
    The prime minister, officially the president of the Council of Ministers, of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is established by articles 92–96 of the Constitution of Italy; the president of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the president of the Republic and must have the confidence of the Parliament to stay in office.
1915
1. Julius Baker, American flute player and educator (d. 2003) births
  1. Julius Baker
    
    Julius Baker was one of the foremost American orchestral flute players. During the course of five decades he concertized with several of America's premier orchestral ensembles including the Chicago Symphony and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra.
2. Clifford Shull, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001) births
  1. Clifford Shull
    
    Clifford Glenwood Shull was a Nobel Prize-winning American physicist.
  2. Nobel Prize in Physics
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physics is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for humankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.
1913
1. Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish painter and sculptor (d. 2007) births
  1. Carl-Henning Pedersen
    
    Carl-Henning Pedersen was a Danish painter and a key member of the COBRA movement. He was known as the "Scandinavian Chagall", and was one of the leading Danish artists of the second half of the 20th century.
2. Donato Álvarez, Argentinian general (b. 1825) deaths
  1. Donato Álvarez
    
    Donato Álvarez was an Argentine general. He fought in the battle of Vuelta de Obligado under the command of Lucio Mansilla. He joined Justo José de Urquiza in his conflict against Juan Manuel de Rosas, and fought in the battle of Caseros. He also fought in the Paraguayan War and the Conquest of the Desert. He died in Buenos Aires on September 23, 1913.
1912
1. Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Pakistani linguist, author, and critic (d. 2005) births
  1. Ghulam Mustafa Khan
    
    Ghulam Mustafa Khan, SI was a researcher, literary critic, linguist, author, scholar of Urdu literature and linguistics, educationist and religious and spiritual leader belonging to Naqshbandi order of Sufism.
2. Tony Smith, American sculptor and educator (d. 1980) births
  1. Tony Smith (sculptor)
    
    Anthony Peter Smith was an American sculptor, visual artist, architectural designer, and a noted theorist on art. He is often cited as a pioneering figure in American Minimalist sculpture.
1911
1. Frank Moss, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003) births
  1. Frank Moss
    
    Frank Edward "Ted" Moss was an American lawyer and politician. A Democrat, he served as a United States Senator from Utah from 1959 to 1977.
1910
1. Jakob Streit, Swiss anthroposophist and author (d. 2009) births
  1. Jakob Streit
    
    Jakob Streit was a Swiss author, teacher and anthroposophist. Besides this he worked as musician and choirmaster as well as conductor and dramaturg
1909
1. Lorenc Antoni, Kosovo-Albanian composer and conductor (d. 1991) births
  1. Lorenc Antoni
    
    Lorenc Antoni was an Albanian composer, conductor, and ethnomusicologist.
1908
1. Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Indian poet, academic, and politician (d. 1974) births
  1. Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
    
    Ramdhari Singh, known by his pen name Dinkar, was an Indian Hindi and Maithili language poet, essayist, freedom fighter, patriot and academic. He emerged as a poet of rebellion as a consequence of his nationalist poetry written in the days before Indian independence. His poetry exuded Veer Rasa, and he has been hailed as a Rashtrakavi and Yuga-Chāraṇa on account of his inspiring patriotic compositions. He was a regular poet of Hindi Kavi Sammelan and is hailed to be as popular and connected to poetry lovers for Hindi speakers as Pushkin for Russians.
1907
1. Tiny Bradshaw, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1958) births
  1. Tiny Bradshaw
    
    Myron Carlton "Tiny" Bradshaw was an American jazz and rhythm and blues bandleader, singer, composer, pianist, and drummer. His biggest hit was "Well Oh Well" in 1950, and the following year he recorded "The Train Kept A-Rollin'", important to the development of rock and roll; he co-wrote and sang on both records.
2. Anne Desclos, French journalist and author (d. 1998) births
  1. Anne Desclos
    
    Anne Cécile Desclos was a French journalist and novelist who wrote under the pen names Dominique Aury and Pauline Réage. She is best known for her erotic novel Story of O (1954).
3. Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza (d. 1976) births
  1. Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
    
    Dom Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza was the claimant to the defunct Portuguese throne, as both the Miguelist successor of his father, Miguel Januário, Duke of Braganza, and later as the head of the only Brigantine house, after the death of the last ruling Braganza, King Manuel II of Portugal. In 1952, when the Portuguese Laws of Banishment were repealed, the Duke moved his family to Portugal, thus returning the Miguelist Braganzas to their homeland and becoming the first of the former Portuguese royal dynasty to live in Portugal since the abolition of the monarchy, in 1910.
1906
1. Charles Ritchie, Canadian diplomat, High Commission of Canada to the United Kingdom (d. 1995) births
  1. Charles Ritchie (diplomat)
    
    Charles Stewart Almon Ritchie, was a Canadian diplomat and diarist.
  2. High Commission of Canada, London
    
    The High Commission of Canada in the United Kingdom is the diplomatic mission of Canada to the United Kingdom. It is housed at Canada House on Trafalgar Square in central London, with an additional Regional Service Centre at 3 Furzeground Way in Stockley Park, Uxbridge.
1904
1. Arthur Folwell, English-Australian rugby league player, coach, and administrator (d. 1966) births
  1. Arthur Folwell
    
    Arthur Fitzgerald Folwell was a British-born Australian professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, coached in the 1940s, and was an administrator in the mid-20th century. An Australia national and New South Wales state representative hooker, he played his club football in the New South Wales Rugby Football League for Sydney's Newtown before becoming their coach and taking them to the 1943 NSWRFL premiership.
1903
1. Cec Fifield, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 1957) births
  1. Cec Fifield
    
    Cec "Dicky" Fifield (1903-1957) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s, and coached in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s. An Australian international and New South Wales interstate representative centre, he played in the NSWRFL premiership for Sydney clubs, Western Suburbs, Balmain and Canterbury-Bankstown, as well as in England for Hull FC. Following his playing career, Fifield returned to the NSWRFL premiership as coach, first with Canterbury-Bankstown then with Parramatta.
1902
1. Su Buqing, Chinese mathematician and academic (d. 2003) births
  1. Su Buqing
    
    Su Buqing, also spelled Su Buchin, was a Chinese mathematician, educator and poet. He was the founder of differential geometry in China, and served as president of Fudan University and honorary chairman of the Chinese Mathematical Society.
1901
1. Jaroslav Seifert, Czech poet and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986) births
  1. Jaroslav Seifert
    
    Jaroslav Seifert was a Czech writer, poet and journalist. Seifert was awarded the 1984 Nobel Prize in Literature "for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man".
  2. Nobel Prize in Literature
    
    The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.
1900
1. Bill Stone, English soldier (d. 2009) births
  1. Bill Stone (Royal Navy sailor)
    
    William Frederick Stone was one of the last five surviving First World War veterans who served in the United Kingdom's armed forces and one of the last two surviving seamen worldwide, along with Claude Choules. They were also the last two to have also served in the Second World War, although Stone saw action only in the Second World War as he was still in training when the First World War ended.
2. William Marsh Rice, American businessman, founded Rice University (b. 1816) deaths
  1. William Marsh Rice
    
    William Marsh Rice was an American businessman who bequeathed his fortune to found Rice University in Houston, Texas. Rice was murdered by his valet Charles F. Jones while sleeping. The murder was part of a plot to forge Rice's will. The instigator of the murder, attorney Albert T. Patrick, was sentenced to death.
  2. Rice University
    
    William Marsh Rice University is a private research university in Houston, Texas. It is on a 300-acre campus near the Houston Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center. Rice is often ranked among the most prestigious institutions in the United States by major institutional publications.
1899
1. Tom C. Clark, American lawyer and judge, 59th Attorney General of the United States (d. 1977) births
  1. Tom C. Clark
    
    Thomas Campbell Clark was an American lawyer who served as the 59th United States Attorney General from 1945 to 1949 and as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1949 to 1967.
  2. United States Attorney General
    
    The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all legal matters. The attorney general is a statutory member of the Cabinet of the United States.
2. Louise Nevelson, American sculptor (d. 1988) births
  1. Louise Nevelson
    
    Louise Nevelson was an American sculptor known for her monumental, monochromatic, wooden wall pieces and outdoor sculptures.
1898
1. Les Haylen, Australian journalist and politician (d. 1977) births
  1. Les Haylen
    
    Leslie Clement "Les" Haylen, also known by the pen-name Sutton Woodfield, was an Australian politician, playwright, novelist and journalist.
1897
1. Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter (d. 1994) births
  1. Paul Delvaux
    
    Paul Delvaux was a Belgian painter noted for his dream-like scenes of women, classical architecture, trains and train stations, and skeletons, often in combination. He is often considered a surrealist, although he only briefly identified with the Surrealist movement. He was influenced by the works of Giorgio de Chirico and René Magritte, but developed his own fantastical subjects and hyper-realistic styling, combining the detailed classical beauty of academic painting with the bizarre juxtapositions of surrealism.
2. Walter Pidgeon, Canadian-American actor and singer (d. 1984) births
  1. Walter Pidgeon
    
    Walter Davis Pidgeon was a Canadian-American actor. He earned two Academy Award for Best Actor nominations for his roles in Mrs. Miniver (1942) and Madame Curie (1943). Pidgeon also starred in many films such as How Green Was My Valley (1941), The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), Forbidden Planet (1956), Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea (1961), Advise & Consent (1962), Funny Girl (1968), and Harry in Your Pocket (1973).
1895
1. Miron Merzhanov, Russian architect and engineer (d. 1975) births
  1. Miron Merzhanov
    
    Miron Ivanovich Merzhanov, born Meran Merzhanyantz, was a Soviet architect of Armenian descent, notable for being the de facto personal architect of Joseph Stalin in 1933–1941. Arrested in 1942 on political charges, Merzhanov continued professional work as a sharashka architect, designing numerous public buildings in the Black Sea region, Krasnoyarsk and Komsomolsk-na-Amure.
2. Johnny Mokan, American baseball player (d. 1985) births
  1. Johnny Mokan
    
    John Leo Mokan was a Major League Baseball outfielder. He batted and threw right-handed.
1890
1. Friedrich Paulus, German general (d. 1957) births
  1. Friedrich Paulus
    
    Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Paulus was a German field marshal during World War II who is best known for commanding the 6th Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. The battle ended in disaster for the Wehrmacht when Soviet forces encircled the Germans within the city, leading to the ultimate defeat and capture of about 265,000 German personnel, their Axis allies and collaborators.
1889
1. Walter Lippmann, American journalist and publisher, co-founded The New Republic (d. 1974) births
  1. Walter Lippmann
    
    Walter Lippmann was an American writer, reporter and political commentator. With a career spanning 60 years he is famous for being among the first to introduce the concept of Cold War, coining the term "stereotype" in the modern psychological meaning, as well as critiquing media and democracy in his newspaper column and several books, most notably his 1922 book Public Opinion.
  2. The New Republic
    
    The New Republic is an American magazine of commentary on politics, contemporary culture, and the arts. Founded in 1914 by several leaders of the progressive movement, it attempted to find a balance between "a liberalism centered in humanitarian and moral passion and one based in an ethos of scientific analysis". Through the 1980s and 1990s, the magazine incorporated elements of the Third Way and conservatism.
2. Wilkie Collins, English novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1824) deaths
  1. Wilkie Collins
    
    William Wilkie Collins was an English novelist and playwright known especially for The Woman in White (1859), a mystery novel and early "sensation novel", and for The Moonstone (1868), which has been proposed as the first modern English detective novel.
1880
1. John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish biologist, physician, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971) births
  1. John Boyd Orr
    
    John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr,, styled Sir John Boyd Orr from 1935 to 1949, was a Scottish teacher, medical doctor, biologist, nutritional physiologist, politician, businessman and farmer who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his scientific research into nutrition and his work as the first Director-General of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
  2. Nobel Peace Prize
    
    The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".
1877
1. Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1811) deaths
  1. Urbain Le Verrier
    
    Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier FRS (FOR) HFRSE was a French astronomer and mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics and is best known for predicting the existence and position of Neptune using only mathematics. The calculations were made to explain discrepancies with Uranus's orbit and the laws of Kepler and Newton. Le Verrier sent the coordinates to Johann Gottfried Galle in Berlin, asking him to verify. Galle found Neptune in the same night he received Le Verrier's letter, within 1° of the predicted position. The discovery of Neptune is widely regarded as a dramatic validation of celestial mechanics, and is one of the most remarkable moments of 19th-century science.
1876
1. Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli rabbi and scholar (d. 1968) births
  1. Moshe Zvi Segal
    
    Moshe Zvi (Hirsch) Segal was an Israeli rabbi, linguist and Talmudic scholar.
1873
1. Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (b. 1823) deaths
  1. Jean Chacornac
    
    Jean Chacornac was a French astronomer and discoverer of a comet and several asteroids.
1871
1. Louis-Joseph Papineau, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1786) deaths
  1. Louis-Joseph Papineau
    
    Louis-Joseph Papineau, born in Montreal, Quebec, was a politician, lawyer, and the landlord of the seigneurie de la Petite-Nation. He was the leader of the reformist Patriote movement before the Lower Canada Rebellion of 1837–1838. His father was Joseph Papineau, also a politician in Quebec. Papineau was the eldest of eight children and was the grandfather of the journalist Henri Bourassa, founder of the newspaper Le Devoir. Louis-Joseph Papineau is commemorated by a public artwork installed in the metro station, Papineau that serves the street named for his father Joseph Papineau. L'École Secondaire Louis-Joseph Papineau in Montreal was named after him.
1870
1. Prosper Mérimée, French archaeologist and historian (b. 1803) deaths
  1. Prosper Mérimée
    
    Prosper Mérimée was a French writer in the movement of Romanticism, and one of the pioneers of the novella, a short novel or long short story. He was also a noted archaeologist and historian, and an important figure in the history of architectural preservation. He is best known for his novella Carmen, which became the basis of Bizet's opera Carmen. He learned Russian, a language for which he had great affection, and translated the work of several important Russian writers, including Pushkin and Gogol, into French. From 1830 until 1860 he was the inspector of French historical monuments, and was responsible for the protection of many historic sites, including the medieval citadel of Carcassonne and the restoration of the façade of the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. Along with the writer George Sand, he discovered the series of tapestries called The Lady and the Unicorn, and arranged for their preservation. He was instrumental in the creation of Musée national du Moyen Âge in Paris, where the tapestries now are displayed. The official database of French monuments, the Base Mérimée, bears his name.
1867
1. John Lomax, American teacher, musicologist, and folklorist (d. 1948) births
  1. John Lomax
    
    John Avery Lomax was an American teacher, a pioneering musicologist, and a folklorist who did much for the preservation of American folk music. He was the father of Alan Lomax, John Lomax Jr. and Bess Lomax Hawes, also distinguished collectors of folk music.
1865
1. Pekka Halonen, Finnish painter (d. 1933) births
  1. Pekka Halonen
    
    Pekka Halonen was a painter of Finnish landscapes and people in the national romantic style. His favorite subjects were the Finnish landscape and its people which he depicted in his Realist style.
2. Emma Orczy, Hungarian-English author and playwright (d. 1947) births
  1. Baroness Orczy
    
    Baroness Emma Orczy, usually known as Baroness Orczy or to her family and friends as Emmuska Orczy, was a Hungarian-born British novelist and playwright. She is best known for her series of novels featuring the Scarlet Pimpernel, the alter ego of Sir Percy Blakeney, a wealthy English fop who turns into a quick-thinking escape artist in order to save French aristocrats from "Madame Guillotine" during the French Revolution, establishing the "hero with a secret identity" in popular culture.
3. Suzanne Valadon, French model and painter (d. 1938) births
  1. Suzanne Valadon
    
    Suzanne Valadon was a French painter who was born Marie-Clémentine Valadon at Bessines-sur-Gartempe, Haute-Vienne, France. In 1894, Valadon became the first woman painter admitted to the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. She was also the mother of painter Maurice Utrillo.
1863
1. Mary Church Terrell, American author and activist (d. 1954) births
  1. Mary Church Terrell
    
    Mary Church Terrell was one of the first African-American women to earn a college degree, and became known as a national activist for civil rights and suffrage. She taught in the Latin Department at the M Street School —the first African American public high school in the nation—in Washington, DC. In 1895, she was the first African-American woman in the United States to be appointed to the school board of a major city, serving in the District of Columbia until 1906. Terrell was a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (1909) and the Colored Women's League of Washington (1892). She helped found the National Association of Colored Women (1896) and served as its first national president, and she was a founding member of the National Association of College Women (1923).
1861
1. Robert Bosch, German engineer and businessman, founded Robert Bosch GmbH (d. 1942) births
  1. Robert Bosch
    
    Robert Bosch was a German industrialist, engineer and inventor, founder of Robert Bosch GmbH.
  2. Robert Bosch GmbH
    
    Robert Bosch GmbH, commonly known as Bosch and stylized as BOSCH, is a German multinational engineering and technology company headquartered in Gerlingen, Germany. The company was founded by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart in 1886. Bosch is 92% owned by Robert Bosch Stiftung, a charitable institution. Although the charity is funded by owning the vast majority of shares, it has no voting rights and is involved in health and social causes unrelated to Bosch’s business.
1853
1. Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1923) births
  1. Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen
    
    Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen was the only daughter of Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, by his first wife, Princess Charlotte of Prussia. She was notable as a musician and composer. One of her most famous works is Romanze in F major for clarinet and piano.
1852
1. James Carroll Beckwith, American painter and academic (d. 1917) births
  1. James Carroll Beckwith
    
    James Carroll Beckwith was an American landscape, portrait and genre painter whose Naturalist style led to his recognition in the late nineteenth and very early twentieth century as a respected figure in American art.
2. William Stewart Halsted, American physician and surgeon (d. 1922) births
  1. William Stewart Halsted
    
    William Stewart Halsted, M.D. was an American surgeon who emphasized strict aseptic technique during surgical procedures, was an early champion of newly discovered anesthetics, and introduced several new operations, including the radical mastectomy for breast cancer. Along with William Osler, Howard Atwood Kelly and William H. Welch, Halsted was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. His operating room at Johns Hopkins Hospital is in Ward G, and was described as a small room where medical discoveries and miracles took place. According to an intern who once worked in Halsted's operating room, Halsted had unique techniques, operated on the patients with great confidence and often had perfect results which astonished the interns.
1851
1. Ellen Hayes, American mathematician and astronomer (d. 1930) births
  1. Ellen Hayes
    
    Ellen Amanda Hayes was an American mathematician and astronomer. She was a controversial figure, not only because of being a female college professor, but also for embracing many radical causes.
2. Émilie Gamelin, Canadian nun, founded the Sisters of Providence (b. 1800) deaths
  1. Émilie Gamelin
    
    Émilie Tavernier Gamelin, SP, was a Canadian social worker and Roman Catholic religious sister. She is best known as the founder of the Sisters of Providence of Montreal. In 2001 she was beatified by Pope John Paul II.
  2. Sisters of Providence (Montreal)
    
    The Sisters of Providence are a religious institute of Roman Catholic sisters founded in 1843 by Mother Émilie Gamelin. They are headquartered in Montreal, Quebec with five provinces: Mother Joseph Province, Holy Angels Province, Philippines Vice-Province, Émilie-Gamelin Province and Bernard Morin Province.
1850
1. José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan general and politician (b. 1764) deaths
  1. José Gervasio Artigas
    
    José Gervasio Artigas Arnal was a political leader, military general, statesman and national hero of Uruguay and the broader Río de la Plata region.
1846
1. John Ainsworth Horrocks, English-Australian explorer (b. 1818) deaths
  1. John Ainsworth Horrocks
    
    John Ainsworth Horrocks was an English pastoralist and explorer who was one of the first European settlers in the Clare Valley of South Australia where, in 1840, he established the village of Penwortham.
1838
1. Victoria Woodhull, American journalist and activist (d. 1927) births
  1. Victoria Woodhull
    
    Victoria Claflin Woodhull, later Victoria Woodhull Martin, was an American leader of the women's suffrage movement who ran for President of the United States in the 1872 election. While many historians and authors agree that Woodhull was the first woman to run for the presidency, some disagree with classifying it as a true candidacy because she was younger than the constitutionally mandated age of 35. However, election coverage by contemporary newspapers does not suggest age was a significant issue; this may, however, be due to the fact that few took the candidacy seriously.
1835
1. Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801) deaths
  1. Vincenzo Bellini
    
    Vincenzo Salvatore Carmelo Francesco Bellini was a Sicilian opera composer, who was known for his long-flowing melodic lines for which he was named "the Swan of Catania". Many years later, in 1898, Giuseppe Verdi "praised the broad curves of Bellini's melody: 'there are extremely long melodies as no-one else had ever made before'."
1823
1. John Colton, English-Australian politician, 13th Premier of South Australia (d. 1902) births
  1. John Colton (politician)
    
    Sir John Blackler Colton, was an Australian politician, Premier of South Australia and philanthropist. His middle name, Blackler, was used only rarely, as on the birth certificate of his first son.
  2. Premier of South Australia
    
    The premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia, Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of South Australia, and by modern convention holds office by virtue of his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the House of Assembly.
1819
1. Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist and academic (d. 1896) births
  1. Hippolyte Fizeau
    
    Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau FRS FRSE MIF was a French physicist, best known for measuring the speed of light in the namesake Fizeau experiment.
1800
1. William Holmes McGuffey, American author and academic (d. 1873) births
  1. William Holmes McGuffey
    
    William Holmes McGuffey was a college professor and president who is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, the first widely used series of elementary school-level textbooks. More than 120 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary.
1791
1. Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer and academic (d. 1865) births
  1. Johann Franz Encke
    
    Johann Franz Encke was a German astronomer. Among his activities, he worked on the calculation of the periods of comets and asteroids, measured the distance from the Earth to the Sun, and made observations of the planet Saturn.
2. Theodor Körner, German soldier and author (d. 1813) births
  1. Theodor Körner (author)
    
    Carl Theodor Körner was a German poet and soldier. After some time in Vienna, where he wrote some light comedies and other works for the Burgtheater, he became a soldier and joined the Lützow Free Corps in the German uprising against Napoleon. During these times, he displayed personal courage in many fights, and encouraged his comrades by fiery patriotic lyrics he composed, among these being the "Schwertlied", composed during a lull in fighting only a few hours before his death, and "Lützows wilde Jagd", each set to music by both Carl Maria von Weber and Franz Schubert. He was often called the "German Tyrtaeus."
1789
1. John Rogers, American lawyer and politician (b. 1723) deaths
  1. John Rogers (Continental Congress)
    
    John Rogers was an American lawyer and judge from Upper Marlboro, Maryland. He was a delegate for Maryland to the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776, where he voted for the Declaration of Independence but became ill before he could sign it.
1781
1. Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1860) births
  1. Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
    
    Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, also known as Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia, was a German princess of the ducal house of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld who became the wife of Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia.
1778
1. Mariano Moreno, Argentinian journalist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1811) births
  1. Mariano Moreno
    
    Mariano Moreno was an Argentine lawyer, journalist, and politician. He played a decisive role in the Primera Junta, the first national government of Argentina, created after the May Revolution.
1773
1. Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian bishop and botanist (b. 1718) deaths
  1. Johan Ernst Gunnerus
    
    Johan Ernst Gunnerus was a Norwegian bishop and botanist. Gunnerus was born at Christiania. He was bishop of the Diocese of Nidaros from 1758 until his death and also a professor of theology at the University of Copenhagen.
1771
1. Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (d. 1840) births
  1. Emperor Kōkaku
    
    Emperor Kōkaku was the 119th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Kōkaku reigned from 16 December 1780 until his abdication on 7 May 1817 in favor of his son, Emperor Ninkō. After his abdication, he ruled as Daijō Tennō also known as a Jōkō (上皇) until his death in 1840. The next emperor to abdicate of his own accord was Akihito, 202 years later.
1764
1. Robert Dodsley, English poet and playwright (b. 1703) deaths
  1. Robert Dodsley
    
    Robert Dodsley was an English bookseller, publisher, poet, playwright, and miscellaneous writer.
1756
1. John Loudon McAdam, Scottish engineer (d. 1836) births
  1. John Loudon McAdam
    
    John Loudon McAdam was a Scottish civil engineer and road-builder. He invented a new process, "macadamisation", for building roads with a smooth hard surface, using controlled materials of mixed particle size and predetermined structure, that would be more durable and less muddy than soil-based tracks.
1740
1. Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1813) births
  1. Empress Go-Sakuramachi
    
    Empress Go-Sakuramachi was the 117th monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. She was named after her father Emperor Sakuramachi, the word go- (後) before her name translates in this context as "later" or "second one". Her reign spanned the years from 1762 through to her abdication in 1771. The only significant event during her reign was an unsuccessful outside plot, that intended to displace the shogunate with restored imperial powers.
1738
1. Herman Boerhaave, Dutch botanist and physician (b. 1668) deaths
  1. Herman Boerhaave
    
    Herman Boerhaave was a Dutch botanist, chemist, Christian humanist, and physician of European fame. He is regarded as the founder of clinical teaching and of the modern academic hospital and is sometimes referred to as "the father of physiology," along with Venetian physician Santorio Santorio (1561–1636). Boerhaave introduced the quantitative approach into medicine, along with his pupil Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777) and is best known for demonstrating the relation of symptoms to lesions. He was the first to isolate the chemical urea from urine. He was the first physician to put thermometer measurements to clinical practice. His motto was Simplex sigillum veri: 'Simplicity is the sign of the truth'. He is often hailed as the "Dutch Hippocrates".
1728
1. Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (b. 1655) deaths
  1. Christian Thomasius
    
    Christian Thomasius was a German jurist and philosopher.
1713
1. Ferdinand VI of Spain (d. 1759) births
  1. Ferdinand VI of Spain
    
    Ferdinand VI, called the Learned and the Just, was King of Spain from 9 July 1746 until his death. He was the third ruler of the Spanish Bourbon dynasty. He was the son of the previous monarch, Philip V, and his first wife Maria Luisa of Savoy.
1675
1. Valentin Conrart, French author, founded the Académie française (b. 1603) deaths
  1. Valentin Conrart
    
    Valentin Conrart was a French author, and as a founder of the Académie française, the first occupant of seat 2.
  2. Académie Française
    
    The Académie Française, also known as the French Academy, is the principal French council for matters pertaining to the French language. The Académie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to King Louis XIII. Suppressed in 1793 during the French Revolution, it was restored as a division of the Institut de France in 1803 by Napoleon Bonaparte. It is the oldest of the five académies of the institute. The body has the duty of acting as an official authority on the language; it is tasked with publishing an official dictionary of the language.
1650
1. Jeremy Collier, English bishop and theologian (d. 1726) births
  1. Jeremy Collier
    
    Jeremy Collier was an English theatre critic, non-juror bishop and theologian.
1647
1. Joseph Dudley, English politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1720) births
  1. Joseph Dudley
    
    Joseph Dudley was a colonial administrator, a native of Roxbury in Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the son of one of its founders. He had a leading role in the administration of the Dominion of New England (1686–1689) which was overthrown in the 1689 Boston revolt. He served briefly on the council of the Province of New York where he oversaw the trial which convicted Jacob Leisler, the ringleader of Leisler's Rebellion. He then spent eight years in England in the 1690s as Lieutenant-Governor of the Isle of Wight, including one year as a Member of Parliament for Newtown. In 1702, he returned to New England after being appointed governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and Province of New Hampshire, posts that he held until 1715.
  2. List of colonial governors of Massachusetts
    
    The territory of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, one of the fifty United States, was settled in the 17th century by several different English colonies. The territories claimed or administered by these colonies encompassed a much larger area than that of the modern state, and at times included areas that are now within the jurisdiction of other New England states or of the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. Some colonial land claims extended all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
1642
1. Giovanni Maria Bononcini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1678) births
  1. Giovanni Maria Bononcini
    
    Giovanni Maria Bononcini was an Italian violinist and composer, the father of a musical dynasty.
1605
1. Pontus de Tyard, French priest and poet (b. 1521) deaths
  1. Pontus de Tyard
    
    Pontus de Tyard was a French poet and priest, a member of "La Pléiade".
1598
1. Eleonore Gonzaga, Italian wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1655) births
  1. Eleonora Gonzaga (1598–1655)
    
    Eleonora Gonzaga, was born a Princess of Mantua as a member of the House of Gonzaga, and by marriage to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, was Holy Roman Empress, German Queen, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia.
  2. Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
    
    Ferdinand II was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, Hungary, and Croatia from 1619 until his death in 1637. He was the son of Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and Maria of Bavaria. His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt because they wanted to isolate him from the Lutheran nobles. In July that same year (1590), when Ferdinand was 12 years old, his father died, and he inherited Inner Austria–Styria, Carinthia, Carniola and smaller provinces. His cousin, the childless Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, who was the head of the Habsburg family, appointed regents to administer these lands.
1597
1. Francesco Barberini, Catholic cardinal (d. 1679) births
  1. Francesco Barberini (1597–1679)
    
    Francesco Barberini was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. The nephew of Pope Urban VIII, he benefited immensely from the nepotism practiced by his uncle. He was given various roles within the Vatican administration but his personal cultural interests, particularly in literature and the arts, meant that he became a highly significant patron. His secretary was the antiquarian Cassiano dal Pozzo who was also a discerning patron of the arts. Francesco was the elder brother of Cardinal Antonio Barberini and Taddeo Barberini who became Prince of Palestrina.
1573
1. Azai Hisamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1524) deaths
  1. Azai Hisamasa
    
    Azai Hisamasa was a son of Azai Sukemasa and the second head of the Azai clan.
1571
1. John Jewel, English bishop (b. 1522) deaths
  1. John Jewel
    
    John Jewel of Devon, England was Bishop of Salisbury from 1559 to 1571.
1535
1. Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1513) deaths
  1. Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg
    
    Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg was the first wife of Gustav I of Sweden and thus Queen of Sweden from 1531 until her death in 1535.
1508
1. Beatrice of Naples, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1457) deaths
  1. Beatrice of Naples
    
    Beatrice of Naples, also known as Beatrice of Aragon, was twice Queen of Hungary and of Bohemia by marriage to Matthias Corvinus and Vladislaus II. She was the daughter of Ferdinand I of Naples and Isabella of Clermont.
1495
1. Bagrat III of Imereti, King of Imereti (d. 1565) births
  1. Bagrat III of Imereti
    
    Bagrat III (1495-1565), of the Bagrationi dynasty, was a King of Imereti from April 1, 1510, to 1565. He succeeded upon the death of his father, Alexander II, and faced repeated assaults from the Ottoman Turks as well as the conflicts with his ostensible vassal princes of Mingrelia, Guria, and Abkhazia who were frequently joining the enemy.
1461
1. Charles, Prince of Viana, King of Navarre (b. 1421) deaths
  1. Charles, Prince of Viana
    
    Charles, Prince of Viana, sometimes called Charles IV of Navarre, was the son of King John II of Aragon and Queen Blanche I of Navarre.
1448
1. Adolph I, Duke of Cleves (b. 1373) deaths
  1. Adolph I, Duke of Cleves
    
    Adolph I of Cleves was the second Count of Cleves and the fourth Count of Mark.
1390
1. John I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1346) deaths
  1. John I, Duke of Lorraine
    
    John I was the Duke of Lorraine from 1346 to his death. As an infant of six months, he succeeded his father, Rudolph, who was killed in the Battle of Crécy. His mother was Marie of Blois.
1386
1. Dan I of Wallachia deaths
  1. Dan I of Wallachia
    
    Dan I was the ruler of Wallachia from 1383 to 1386. He was the son of Radu I of Wallachia and the step-brother of Mircea I of Wallachia.
1267
1. Beatrice of Provence, countess regnant of Provence (b. 1234) deaths
  1. Beatrice of Provence
    
    Beatrice of Provence, was ruling Countess of Provence and Forcalquier from 1245 until her death, as well as Countess of Anjou and Maine, Queen of Sicily and Naples by marriage to Charles I of Naples.
1253
1. Wenceslaus I of Bohemia deaths
  1. Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
    
    Wenceslaus I, called One-Eyed, was King of Bohemia from 1230 to 1253.
1241
1. Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet, and politician (b. 1178) deaths
  1. Snorri Sturluson
    
    Snorri Sturluson was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker of the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He is commonly thought to have authored or compiled portions of the Prose Edda, which is a major source for what is today known as Norse mythology, and Heimskringla, a history of the Norwegian kings that begins with legendary material in Ynglinga saga and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of Egil's saga. He was assassinated in 1241 by men claiming to be agents of the King of Norway.
1215
1. Kublai Khan, Mongolian emperor (d. 1294) births
  1. Kublai Khan
    
    Kublai, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizu of Yuan and his regnal name Setsen Khan, was the founder of the Yuan dynasty of China and the fifth khagan-emperor of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294, although after the division of the empire this was a nominal position. He proclaimed the empire's dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, and ruled Yuan China until his death in 1294.
1193
1. Robert de Sablé, French knight deaths
  1. Robert IV of Sablé
    
    Robert IV de Sablé was Lord of Sablé, the eleventh Grand Master of the Knights Templar from 1191 to 1192 and Lord of Cyprus from 1191 to 1192. He was known of as the Grand Master of the Knights Templars and the Grand Master of the Holy and Valiant Order of Knights Templars.
1158
1. Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1186) births
  1. Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany
    
    Geoffrey II was Duke of Brittany and 3rd Earl of Richmond between 1181 and 1186, through his marriage to Constance, Duchess of Brittany. Geoffrey was the fourth of five sons of Henry II of England and Eleanor, Duchess of Aquitaine.
965
1. Al-Mutanabbi, Arab poet (b. 915) deaths
  1. Al-Mutanabbi
    
    Abū al-Ṭayyib Aḥmad ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Mutanabbī al-Kindī from Kufa, Abbasid Caliphate, was a famous Abbasid-era Arab poet at the court of the Hamdanid emir Sayf al-Dawla in Aleppo, and for whom he composed 300 folios of poetry. His poetic style earned him great popularity in his time and many of his poems are not only still widely read in today's Arab world but are considered to be proverbial.
788
1. Ælfwald I, king of Northumbria deaths
  1. Ælfwald I of Northumbria
    
    Ælfwald was king of Northumbria from 779 to 788. He is thought to have been a son of Oswulf, and thus a grandson of Eadberht Eating.
  2. Northumbria
    
    Northumbria was an early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom in what is now Northern England and south-east Scotland.
-63
1. Augustus, Roman emperor (d. 14 AD) births
  1. Augustus
    
    Caesar Augustus, also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Principate, which is the first phase of the Roman Empire, and Augustus is considered one of the greatest leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult as well as an era associated with imperial peace, the Pax Romana or Pax Augusta. The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession.

Holidays

Christian feast day: Adomnán
1. Adomnán
  
  Adomnán or Adamnán of Iona, also known as Eunan, was an abbot of Iona Abbey (r. 679–704), hagiographer, statesman, canon jurist, and saint. He was the author of the Life of Columba, probably written between 697 and 700. This biography is by far the most important surviving work written in early-medieval Scotland, and is a vital source for our knowledge of the Picts, and an insight into the life of Iona and the early-medieval Gaelic monk.
Christian feast day: Cissa of Crowland (or of Northumbria)
1. Cissa of Crowland
  
  Cissa of Crowland was a saint in the medieval Fenlands. He was the successor of Guthlac as abbot of Crowland, and is mentioned in Felix' Vita Guthlaci. According to the Crowland Chronicle his tomb was next to Guthlac's, and like the tomb of Guthlac, was destroyed by the Scandinavians. His relics were translated to Thorney Abbey in the 10th-century.
Christian feast day: Padre Pio
1. Padre Pio
  
  Francesco Forgione, OFM Cap., better known as Padre Pio and also Saint Pius of Pietrelcina, was an Italian Franciscan Capuchin friar, priest, stigmatist, and mystic. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church, celebrated on 23 September.
Christian feast day: Pope Linus
1. Pope Linus
  
  Pope Linus was the bishop of Rome from c. AD 67 to his death. As with all the early popes, he was canonized.
Christian feast day: Sossius
1. Sossius
  
  Saint Sossius or Sosius was Deacon of Misenum, an important naval base of the Roman Empire in the Bay of Naples. He was martyred along with Saint Januarius at Pozzuoli during the Diocletian Persecutions. His feast day is September 23, the date, three days after his death, on which his corpse was translated to Misenum.
Christian feast day: Thecla (Roman Catholic Church)
1. Thecla
  
  Thecla was a saint of the early Christian Church, and a reported follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla.
2. Catholic Church
  
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
Christian feast day: Xanthippe and Polyxena
1. Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca
  
  The Acts of Xanthippe, Polyxena, and Rebecca is a work of New Testament apocrypha dating from the third or fourth century.
Christian feast day: September 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
1. September 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  
  September 22 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 24
Grito de Lares (Puerto Rico)
1. Grito de Lares
  
  El Grito de Lares, also referred to as the Lares uprising, the Lares revolt, the Lares rebellion, or the Lares revolution, was the first major revolt against Spanish rule in Puerto Rico. The revolt was planned by Ramón Emeterio Betances and Segundo Ruiz Belvis. It began on September 23, 1868 in the town of Lares, for which it is named. It spread rapidly to various revolutionary cells throughout the island.
2. Puerto Rico
  
  Puerto Rico, officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Caribbean island and unincorporated territory of the United States. It is located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida, between the Dominican Republic and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques. It has roughly 3.2 million residents, and its capital and most populous city is San Juan. Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government, though Spanish predominates.
Holocaust Memorial Day (Lithuania)
1. The Holocaust in Lithuania
  
  The Holocaust in Lithuania resulted in the near total destruction of Lithuanian (Litvaks) and Polish Jews, living in Generalbezirk Litauen of Reichskommissariat Ostland within the Nazi-controlled Lithuanian SSR. Out of approximately 208,000–210,000 Jews, an estimated 190,000–195,000 were murdered before the end of World War II, most between June and December 1941. More than 95% of Lithuania's Jewish population was massacred over the three-year German occupation – a more complete destruction than befell any other country affected by the Holocaust. Historians attribute this to the massive collaboration in the genocide by the non-Jewish local paramilitaries, though the reasons for this collaboration are still debated. The Holocaust resulted in the largest-ever loss of life in so short a period of time in the history of Lithuania.
Kyrgyz Language Day (Kyrgyzstan)
1. Public holidays in Kyrgyzstan
  
  This is the list of public holidays in Kyrgyzstan:
2. Kyrgyzstan
  
  Kyrgyzstan, or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek.
National Day (Saudi Arabia)
1. Saudi National Day
  
  Saudi National Day is celebrated in Saudi Arabia every 23rd of September to commemorate the renaming of the Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and its proclamation by a royal decree of King Abdul Aziz al-Saud in 1932.
2. Saudi Arabia
  
  Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab world, and the largest in Western Asia and the Middle East. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west; Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north; the Persian Gulf, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates to the east; Oman to the southeast; and Yemen to the south. Bahrain is an island country off the east coast. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northwest separates Saudi Arabia from Egypt. Saudi Arabia is the only country with a coastline along both the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert, lowland, steppe, and mountains. Its capital and largest city is Riyadh. The country is home to Mecca and Medina, the two holiest cities in Islam.
Teachers' Day (Brunei)
1. List of Teachers' Days
  
  Teachers' Day is a special day for the appreciation of teachers, and may include celebrations to honor them for their special contributions in a particular field area, or the community tone in education. This is the primary reason why countries celebrate this day on different dates, unlike many other International Days. For example, Argentina has commemorated Domingo Faustino Sarmiento's death on 11 September as Teachers' Day since 1915. In India the birthday of the second president Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, 5 September, is celebrated as Teachers' Day since 1962, while Guru Purnima has been traditionally observed as a day to worship teachers/gurus by Hindus. Many countries celebrate their Teachers' Day on 5 October in conjunction with World Teachers' Day, which was established by UNESCO in 1994.
Celebrate Bisexuality Day (bisexual community)
1. Celebrate Bisexuality Day
  
  Celebrate Bisexuality Day is observed annually on September 23 to recognize and celebrate bisexual people, the bisexual community, and the history of bisexuality.
2. Bisexual community
  
  The bisexual community, also known as the bi+, m-spec, bisexual/pansexual, or bi/pan/fluid community, includes members of the LGBT community who identify as bisexual, pansexual, omnisexual, polysexual and sexually fluid. As opposed to hetero- or homosexual people, people in the bisexual community experience attraction to more than one gender.
International Day of Sign Languages
1. International Day of Sign Languages
  
  International Day of Sign Languages (IDSL) is celebrated annually across the world on 23 September every year along with International Week of the Deaf.

Important events in history on September 23 rd

Events

Thomas Cook Group

Rape in Germany

Teresa Lewis

Virginia

Lethal injection

Kauhajoki school shooting

Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences

Kauhajoki

Kauhajoki school shooting

Haiti

Hurricane Jeanne

Gulf Air Flight 771

September 1973 Argentine presidential election

Juan Perón

Richard Nixon

Checkers speech

Korean War

Battle of Hill 282

World War II

Actions along the Matanikau

Guadalcanal

Matanikau River

Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden

Battle of Olongapo

Cape Virgenes

Tierra del Fuego gold rush

Cape Virgenes

Placer mining

Tierra del Fuego gold rush

Grito de Lares

Urbain Le Verrier

John Couch Adams

Johann Gottfried Galle

Discovery of Neptune

Siege of Tripolitsa

Maratha Empire

East India Company

Battle of Assaye

Second Anglo-Maratha War

Second Anglo-Maratha War

Battle of Assaye

East India Company

Maratha Empire

American Revolutionary War

John André

Patriot (American Revolution)

Continental Army

Benedict Arnold

West Point, New York

American Revolution

John Paul Jones

USS Bonhomme Richard (1765)

Battle of Flamborough Head

Philip II of Spain

Cédula de identidad

Battle of Blore Heath

Battle of Kherlen

Battle of Arnemuiden

Hundred Years' War

Pope Callixtus II

Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor

Concordat of Worms

Investiture Controversy

AD 38

Julia Drusilla

Caligula

Births & Deaths

John Elliott (businessman)

Nino Vaccarella

Juliette Gréco

Charles K. Kao

Gary Kurtz

Jane Fortune

Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)

A. W. Davis

Irven DeVore

Don Manoukian

Al Suomi

Important events in history
on September 23 ^rd