Important events in history
on October 11 ^th

Events

2018
1. Soyuz MS-10, launching an intended crew for the ISS, suffers an in-flight abort. The crew lands safely.
  1. Soyuz MS-10
    
    Soyuz MS-10 was a crewed Soyuz MS spaceflight that aborted shortly after launch on 11 October 2018 due to a failure of the Soyuz-FG launch vehicle boosters. MS-10 was the 139th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. It was intended to transport two members of the Expedition 57 crew to the International Space Station. A few minutes after liftoff, the craft went into contingency abort due to a booster failure and had to return to Earth. By the time the contingency abort was declared, the launch escape system (LES) tower had already been ejected and the capsule was pulled away from the rocket using the solid rocket jettison motors on the capsule fairing. Both crew members, Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksey Ovchinin and NASA astronaut Nick Hague, were recovered in good health. The MS-10 flight abort was the first instance of a Russian crewed booster accident in 35 years, since Soyuz T-10-1 exploded on the launch pad in September 1983. On 1 November 2018, Russian scientists released a video recording of the mission.
2013
1. A migrant boat sinks in the Channel of Sicily, with at least 34 people drowning.
  1. 2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck
    
    On 3 October 2013, a boat carrying migrants from Libya to Italy sank off the Italian island of Lampedusa. It was reported that the boat had sailed from Misrata, Libya, but that many of the migrants were originally from Eritrea, Somalia and Ghana. An emergency response involving the Italian Coast Guard resulted in the rescue of 155 survivors. On 12 October it was reported that the confirmed death toll after searching the boat was 359, but that further bodies were still missing; a figure of "more than 360" deaths was later reported.
2002
1. A bomb exploded in the Myyrmanni shopping center in Helsinki, Finland, resulting in 7 deaths and 159 injuries.
  1. Myyrmanni bombing
    
    The Myyrmanni bombing took place on October 11, 2002, in Myyrmäki, Vantaa, Finland, in Greater Helsinki, at the Myyrmanni shopping mall. A bomb, hidden in a backpack, exploded in the central square of the shopping center on top of a metal waste container, located in the center of the square, at 19:36. Five people were killed immediately, including the bomb carrier. The waste container was shattered, and fragments of the structure increased the amount of shrapnel and the devastation. The explosion ruined 400 m² of the shopping center, carved a 10-cm deep crater in the floor where the waste container had stood and blew the glass dome over the square up and outwards from the mall. In total seven died, including two teenagers and a 7-year-old. 159 were injured, including 10 children. 66 victims required hospitalization with the remainder treated and released at the scene. The bombing took place during the pre-weekend shopping surge late on a Friday afternoon, with 1,000–2,000 people in the shopping center, including many children who had come to see a clown performance.
  2. Myyrmanni
    
    Myyrmanni is a shopping center located at the Myyrmäki suburb of Vantaa, Finland. The center was built in the early 1990s and it has over 90 stores and 1,100 parking spaces. The main tenants of the shopping center include S-market, Alko, H&M, Lindex, Clas Ohlson, Tokmanni and Burger King.
2. A bomb attack in a Myyrmanni shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland kills seven.
  1. Myyrmanni bombing
    
    The Myyrmanni bombing took place on October 11, 2002, in Myyrmäki, Vantaa, Finland, in Greater Helsinki, at the Myyrmanni shopping mall. A bomb, hidden in a backpack, exploded in the central square of the shopping center on top of a metal waste container, located in the center of the square, at 19:36. Five people were killed immediately, including the bomb carrier. The waste container was shattered, and fragments of the structure increased the amount of shrapnel and the devastation. The explosion ruined 400 m² of the shopping center, carved a 10-cm deep crater in the floor where the waste container had stood and blew the glass dome over the square up and outwards from the mall. In total seven died, including two teenagers and a 7-year-old. 159 were injured, including 10 children. 66 victims required hospitalization with the remainder treated and released at the scene. The bombing took place during the pre-weekend shopping surge late on a Friday afternoon, with 1,000–2,000 people in the shopping center, including many children who had come to see a clown performance.
  2. Myyrmanni
    
    Myyrmanni is a shopping center located at the Myyrmäki suburb of Vantaa, Finland. The center was built in the early 1990s and it has over 90 stores and 1,100 parking spaces. The main tenants of the shopping center include S-market, Alko, H&M, Lindex, Clas Ohlson, Tokmanni and Burger King.
  3. Vantaa
    
    Vantaa is a city and municipality in Finland. It is part of the inner core of the Finnish Capital Region along with Helsinki, Espoo, and Kauniainen. With a population of 239,216, Vantaa is the fourth most populated city in Finland after Helsinki, Espoo and Tampere. Its administrative center is the Tikkurila district. Vantaa is bordered by Helsinki, the Finnish capital, to the south; Espoo to the southwest; Nurmijärvi to the northwest; Kerava and Tuusula to the north; and Sipoo to the east. The city encompasses 240.35 square kilometres (92.80 sq mi), of which 1.97 km2 (0.76 sq mi) is water.
2001
1. The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
  1. Polaroid Corporation
    
    Polaroid is an American company best known for its instant film and cameras. The company was founded in 1937 by Edwin H. Land, to exploit the use of its Polaroid polarizing polymer. Land ran the company until 1981. Its peak employment was 21,000 in 1978, and its peak revenue was $3 billion in 1991.
2000
1. NASA launches STS-92, the 100th Space Shuttle mission.
  1. STS-92
    
    STS-92 was a Space Shuttle mission to the International Space Station (ISS) flown by Space Shuttle Discovery. STS-92 marked the 100th mission of the Space Shuttle. It was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 11 October 2000.
1999
1. Air Botswana pilot Chris Phatswe steals an ATR 42 from Sir Seretse Khama International Airport and later crashes it into two other aircraft at the airport, killing himself.
  1. Air Botswana
    
    Air Botswana Corporation is Botswana's state-owned national flag carrier, with its headquarters located in Gaborone. It operates scheduled domestic and regional flights from its main base at Sir Seretse Khama International Airport. Air Botswana has been loss-making for several years, and there have been various attempts to privatise the company, and frequent changes to the corporation's management and board, so far without reducing the losses.
  2. ATR 42
    
    The ATR 42 is a regional airliner produced by Franco-Italian manufacturer ATR, with final assembly in Toulouse, France. On 4 November 1981, the aircraft was launched with ATR, as a joint venture between French Aérospatiale and Aeritalia . The ATR 42-300 performed its maiden flight on 16 August 1984 and type certification was granted during September 1985. Launch customer Air Littoral operated its first revenue-earning flight in December of that year.
  3. Sir Seretse Khama International Airport
    
    Sir Seretse Khama International Airport, located 15 kilometres (9 mi) north of downtown Gaborone, is the main international airport of the capital city of Botswana. The airport is named after Sir Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana. It was opened in 1984 to handle regional and international traffic. It has the largest passenger movement in the country. In 2017 the airport got its first special economic zone which will house in the following departments: CAAB, Botswana Innovation Hub, ITPA and diamond hub for diamond sector.
  4. 1999 Air Botswana ATR 42 crash
    
    The 1999 Air Botswana incident occurred when Chris Phatswe, a Botswana airline pilot, killed himself by crashing a plane into the airport apron and a group of aircraft at Sir Seretse Khama International Airport in Gaborone, Botswana. He was the only casualty. His actions effectively crippled operations for Air Botswana.
1991
1. During the confirmation hearings upon the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court of the United States, Anita Hill testified that he had sexually harassed her several years earlier.
  1. Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination
    
    On July 1, 1991, President George H. W. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas for the Supreme Court of the United States to replace Thurgood Marshall, who had announced his retirement. At the time of his nomination, Thomas was a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit; President Bush had appointed him to that position in March 1990.
  2. Clarence Thomas
    
    Clarence Thomas is an American jurist who serves as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to succeed Thurgood Marshall and has served since 1991. After Marshall, Thomas is the second African American to serve on the Court and its longest-serving member since Anthony Kennedy's retirement in 2018.
  3. Supreme Court of the United States
    
    The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The court may decide cases having political overtones, but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions.
  4. Anita Hill
    
    Anita Faye Hill is an American lawyer, educator and author. She is a professor of social policy, law, and women's studies at Brandeis University and a faculty member of the university's Heller School for Social Policy and Management. She became a national figure in 1991 when she accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas, her supervisor at the United States Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, of sexual harassment.
2. Prof. Anita Hill delivers her televised testimony concerning sexual harassment during the Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination.
  1. Anita Hill
    
    Anita Faye Hill is an American lawyer, educator and author. She is a professor of social policy, law, and women's studies at Brandeis University and a faculty member of the university's Heller School for Social Policy and Management. She became a national figure in 1991 when she accused U.S. Supreme Court nominee Clarence Thomas, her supervisor at the United States Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, of sexual harassment.
1987
1. Sri Lankan Civil War: The Indian Peace Keeping Force began Operation Pawan to take control of Jaffna from the Tamil Tigers and enforce their disarmament as a part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord.
  1. Sri Lankan Civil War
    
    The Sri Lankan Civil War was a civil war fought in Sri Lanka from 1983 to 2009. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Velupillai Prabhakaran-led Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The LTTE fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north-east of the island, due to the continuous discrimination and violent persecution against Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sinhalese dominated Sri Lankan Government.
  2. Indian Peace Keeping Force
    
    Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was the Indian military contingent performing a peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990. It was formed under the mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military.
  3. Operation Pawan
    
    Operation Pawan was the code name assigned to the operation by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to take control of Jaffna from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), better known as the Tamil Tigers, in late 1987 to enforce the disarmament of the LTTE as a part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord. In brutal fighting lasting about three weeks, the IPKF took control of the Jaffna Peninsula from the LTTE, something that the Sri Lankan Army had tried but failed to do. Supported by Indian Army tanks, helicopter gunships and heavy artillery, the IPKF routed the LTTE at the cost of 214 soldiers and officers.
  4. Jaffna
    
    Jaffna is the capital city of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jaffna District located on a peninsula of the same name. With a population of 88,138 in 2012, Jaffna is Sri Lanka's 12th most populous city. Jaffna is approximately six miles from Kandarodai which served as an emporium in the Jaffna peninsula from classical antiquity. Jaffna's suburb Nallur served as the capital of the four-century-long medieval Jaffna Kingdom.
  5. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
    
    The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was a Tamil militant organization that was based in northeastern Sri Lanka. The LTTE fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north-east of the island, due to the continuous discrimination and violent persecution against Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sinhalese dominated Sri Lankan Government.
  6. Indo-Sri Lanka Accord
    
    The Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord was an accord signed in Colombo on 29 July 1987, between Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Sri Lankan President J. R. Jayewardene. The accord was expected to resolve the Sri Lankan Civil War by enabling the thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka and the Provincial Councils Act of 1987. Under the terms of the agreement, Colombo agreed to a devolution of power to the provinces, the Sri Lankan troops were to be withdrawn to their barracks in the north and the Tamil rebels were to surrender their arms.
2. An estimated 750,000 people attended the "Great March" in Washington, D.C., to demand greater civil rights for the LGBT community.
  1. Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights
    
    The Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights was a large political rally that took place in Washington, D.C., on October 11, 1987. Its success, size, scope, and historical importance have led to it being called, "The Great March". It marked the first national coverage of ACT UP, with AIDS activists prominent in the main march, as well as making headlines the next day during mass civil disobedience actions at the United States Supreme Court Building.
  2. LGBT
    
    LGBT is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for sexuality and gender identity.
3. The AIDS Memorial Quilt is first displayed during the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights.
  1. NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt
    
    The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt, often abbreviated to AIDS Memorial Quilt or AIDS Quilt, is an enormous memorial to celebrate the lives of people who have died of AIDS-related causes. Weighing an estimated 54 tons, it is the largest piece of community folk art in the world as of 2020. It was conceived in 1985, during the early years of the AIDS pandemic, when social stigma prevented many AIDS victims from receiving funerals. It has been displayed on the Mall in Washington, D.C. several times. In 2020, it returned to the AIDS Memorial in San Francisco, and can also be seen virtually.
4. Start of Operation Pawan by Indian forces in Sri Lanka. Thousands of civilians, insurgents, soldiers die.
  1. Operation Pawan
    
    Operation Pawan was the code name assigned to the operation by the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) to take control of Jaffna from the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), better known as the Tamil Tigers, in late 1987 to enforce the disarmament of the LTTE as a part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord. In brutal fighting lasting about three weeks, the IPKF took control of the Jaffna Peninsula from the LTTE, something that the Sri Lankan Army had tried but failed to do. Supported by Indian Army tanks, helicopter gunships and heavy artillery, the IPKF routed the LTTE at the cost of 214 soldiers and officers.
1986
1. Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Iceland to continue discussions about scaling back IRBM arsenals in Europe.
  1. Ronald Reagan
    
    Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party from 1962 onward, he also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 to 1975 after having a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader.
  2. Mikhail Gorbachev
    
    Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was a Soviet politician who served as the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 to the country's dissolution in 1991. He served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 and additionally as head of state beginning in 1988, as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990 and the only President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991. Ideologically, Gorbachev initially adhered to Marxism–Leninism but moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s.
  3. Reykjavík Summit
    
    The Reykjavík Summit was a summit meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev, held in Reykjavík, Iceland, on 11–12 October 1986. The talks collapsed at the last minute, but the progress that had been achieved eventually resulted in the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty between the United States and the Soviet Union.
  4. Intermediate-range ballistic missile
    
    An intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) is a ballistic missile with a range of 3,000–5,500 km, between a medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) and an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Classifying ballistic missiles by range is done mostly for convenience; in principle there is very little difference between a low-performance ICBM and a high-performance IRBM, because decreasing payload mass can increase range over ICBM threshold. The range definition used here is used within the U.S. Missile Defense Agency. Some other sources include an additional category, the long-range ballistic missile (LRBM), to describe missiles with a range between IRBMs and true ICBMs. The more modern term theatre ballistic missile encompasses MRBMs and SRBMs, including any ballistic missile with a range under 3,500 km (2,175 mi).
1984
1. Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
  1. Kathryn D. Sullivan
    
    Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan is an American geologist, oceanographer, and a former NASA astronaut and US Navy officer. She was a crew member on three Space Shuttle missions.
2. Aeroflot Flight 3352 crashes into maintenance vehicles upon landing in Omsk, Russia, killing 178.
  1. Aeroflot Flight 3352
    
    Aeroflot Flight 3352 was a Tupolev Tu-154 airline flight on a domestic route from Krasnodar to Novosibirsk, with an intermediate landing in Omsk. While landing at Omsk Airport on Thursday, 11 October 1984, the aircraft crashed into maintenance vehicles on the runway, killing 174 people on board and 4 on the ground. While a chain of mistakes in airport operations contributed to the accident, its major cause was an air traffic controller falling asleep on duty. As of 2022, this remains the deadliest aviation accident on Russian territory. It was also the deadliest aviation accident involving a Tupolev Tu-154 at the time until the crash of Aeroflot Flight 7425 9 months later; as of 2022, it still ranks as the second-deadliest accident involving a Tupolev Tu-154. The tragedy was kept secret for twenty years, until Komsomolskaya Pravda published an article in 2004.
1976
1. George Washington is posthumously promoted to the grade of General of the Armies.
  1. George Washington
    
    George Washington was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army, Washington led the Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War and served as the president of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which created the Constitution of the United States and the American federal government. Washington has been called the "Father of his Country" for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the country.
1975
1. The American weekly sketch comedy–variety show Saturday Night Live was broadcast for the first time.
  1. Sketch comedy
    
    Sketch comedy comprises a series of short, amusing scenes or vignettes, called "sketches", commonly between one and ten minutes long, performed by a group of comic actors or comedians. The form developed and became popular in vaudeville, and is used widely in variety shows, comedy talk shows, and some sitcoms and children's television series. The sketches may be improvised live by the performers, developed through improvisation before public performance, or scripted and rehearsed in advance like a play. Sketch comedians routinely differentiate their work from a "skit", maintaining that a skit is a (single) dramatized joke while a sketch is a comedic exploration of a concept, character, or situation.
  2. Variety show
    
    Variety show, also known as variety arts or variety entertainment, is entertainment made up of a variety of acts including musical performances, sketch comedy, magic, acrobatics, juggling, and ventriloquism. It is normally introduced by a compère or host. The variety format made its way from the Victorian era stage in Britain and America to radio and then television. Variety shows were a staple of English language television from the late 1940s into the 1980s.
  3. Saturday Night Live
    
    Saturday Night Live is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol that airs on NBC and Peacock. Michaels currently serves as the program's showrunner. The show premiere was hosted by George Carlin on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which often parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast, with featured performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", properly beginning the show.
1968
1. Apollo 7 (lift-off pictured), the first manned mission of NASA's Apollo program, and the first three-man American space mission, launched from Complex 34 in Cape Kennedy, Florida.
  1. Apollo 7
    
    Apollo 7 was the first crewed flight in NASA's Apollo program, and saw the resumption of human spaceflight by the agency after the fire that killed the three Apollo 1 astronauts during a launch rehearsal test on January 27, 1967. The Apollo 7 crew was commanded by Walter M. Schirra, with command module pilot Donn F. Eisele and lunar module pilot R. Walter Cunningham.
  2. Human spaceflight
    
    Human spaceflight is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be remotely operated from ground stations on Earth, or autonomously, without any direct human involvement. People trained for spaceflight are called astronauts, cosmonauts (Russian), or taikonauts (Chinese); and non-professionals are referred to as spaceflight participants or spacefarers.
  3. NASA
    
    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
  4. Apollo program
    
    The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first humans on the Moon from 1968 to 1972. It was first conceived in 1960 during President Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-person spacecraft to follow the one-person Project Mercury, which put the first Americans in space. Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal for the 1960s of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" in an address to Congress on May 25, 1961. It was the third US human spaceflight program to fly, preceded by the two-person Project Gemini conceived in 1961 to extend spaceflight capability in support of Apollo.
  5. Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 34
    
    Launch Complex 34 (LC-34) is a deactivated launch site on Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida. LC-34 and its companion LC-37 to the north were used by NASA from 1961 through 1968 to launch Saturn I and IB rockets as part of the Apollo program. It was the site of the Apollo 1 fire, which claimed the lives of astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee on January 27, 1967. The first crewed Apollo launch — Apollo 7 on October 11, 1968 — was the last time LC-34 was used.
  6. Cape Canaveral
    
    Cape Canaveral is a cape in Brevard County, Florida, in the United States, near the center of the state's Atlantic coast. Officially Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973, it lies east of Merritt Island, separated from it by the Banana River. It is part of a region known as the Space Coast, and is the site of the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. Since many U.S. spacecraft have been launched from both the station and the Kennedy Space Center on adjacent Merritt Island, the two are sometimes conflated with each other.
  7. Florida
    
    Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba; it is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Spanning 65,758 square miles (170,310 km2), Florida ranks 22nd in area among the 50 states, and with a population of over 21 million, is the third-most populous. The state capital is Tallahassee and the most populous city is Jacksonville. The Miami metropolitan area, with a population of almost 6.2 million, is the most populous urban area in Florida and the ninth-most populous in the United States; other urban conurbations with over one million people are Tampa Bay, Orlando, and Jacksonville.
2. NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission.
  1. Apollo 7
    
    Apollo 7 was the first crewed flight in NASA's Apollo program, and saw the resumption of human spaceflight by the agency after the fire that killed the three Apollo 1 astronauts during a launch rehearsal test on January 27, 1967. The Apollo 7 crew was commanded by Walter M. Schirra, with command module pilot Donn F. Eisele and lunar module pilot R. Walter Cunningham.
1962
1. The Second Vatican Council becomes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
  1. Second Vatican Council
    
    The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the Second Vatican Council, or Vatican II, was the 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. The council met in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome for four periods, each lasting between 8 and 12 weeks, in the autumn of each of the four years 1962 to 1965. Preparation for the council took three years, from the summer of 1959 to the autumn of 1962. The council was opened on 11 October 1962 by John XXIII, and was closed on 8 December 1965 by Paul VI.
1961
1. The 1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement is held in Belgrade, SFR Yugoslavia, resulting in the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement.
  1. 1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement
    
    Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement on 1–6 September 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia was the first conference of the Non-Aligned Movement. A major contributing factor to the organization of the conference was the process of decolonization of a number of African countries in the 1960s. Some therefore called it the ″Third World's Yalta″ in reference to 1945 Yalta Conference.
  2. Belgrade
    
    Belgrade is the capital and largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. Nearly 2.5 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade. It is the third largest of all cities on the Danube river.
  3. Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
    
    The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yugoslavia occurring as a consequence of the Yugoslav Wars. Spanning an area of 255,804 square kilometres (98,766 sq mi) in the Balkans, Yugoslavia was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, by Austria and Hungary to the north, by Bulgaria and Romania to the east, and by Albania and Greece to the south. It was a one-party socialist state and federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and had six constituent republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Within Serbia was the Yugoslav capital city of Belgrade as well as two autonomous Yugoslav provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina.
  4. Non-Aligned Movement
    
    The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide.
1958
1. NASA launches Pioneer 1, its first space probe, although it fails to achieve a stable orbit.
  1. Pioneer 1
    
    Pioneer 1 was an American space probe, the first under the auspices of NASA, which was launched by a Thor-Able rocket on 11 October 1958. It was intended to orbit the Moon and make scientific measurements, but due to a guidance error failed to achieve lunar orbit and was ultimately destroyed upon reentering Earth's atmosphere. The flight, which lasted 43 hours and reached an apogee of 113,800 km, was the second and most successful of the three Thor-Able space probes.
1954
1. In accord with the 1954 Geneva Conference, French troops complete their withdrawal from North Vietnam.
  1. 1954 Geneva Conference
    
    The Geneva Conference, intended to settle outstanding issues resulting from the Korean War and the First Indochina War, was a conference involving several nations that took place in Geneva, Switzerland, from 26 April to 20 July 1954. The part of the conference on the Korean question ended without adopting any declarations or proposals, so is generally considered less relevant. The Geneva Accords that dealt with the dismantling of French Indochina proved to have long-lasting repercussions, however. The crumbling of the French colonial empire in Southeast Asia led to the formation of the states of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the State of Vietnam, the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Kingdom of Laos.
1950
1. CBS's field-sequential color system for television is the first to be licensed for broadcast by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
  1. Field-sequential color system
    
    A field-sequential color system (FSC) is a color television system in which the primary color information is transmitted in successive images and which relies on the human vision system to fuse the successive images into a color picture. One field-sequential system was developed by Dr. Peter Goldmark for CBS, which was its sole user in commercial broadcasting. It was first demonstrated to the press on September 4, 1940, and first shown to the general public on January 12, 1950. The Federal Communications Commission adopted it on October 11, 1950, as the standard for color television in the United States, but it was later withdrawn.
1944
1. The Tuvan People's Republic is annexed by the Soviet Union.
  1. Tuvan People's Republic
    
    The Tuvan People's Republic, known as the Tannu Tuva People's Republic until 1926, was a partially recognized socialist republic that existed between 1921 and 1944. The country was located in the same territory as the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia, known as Uryankhay Krai, north-west of Mongolia, and now corresponds to the Tuva Republic within the Russian Federation.
1942
1. World War II: At the Battle of Cape Esperance on the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, American ships intercepted and defeated a Japanese fleet sent to attack Henderson Field.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Battle of Cape Esperance
    
    The Battle of Cape Esperance, also known as the Second Battle of Savo Island and, in Japanese sources, as the Sea Battle of Savo Island (サボ島沖海戦), took place on 11–12 October 1942, in the Pacific campaign of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and United States Navy. The naval battle was the second of four major surface engagements during the Guadalcanal campaign and took place at the entrance to the strait between Savo Island and Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Cape Esperance (9°15′S 159°42′E) is the northernmost point on Guadalcanal, and the battle took its name from this point.
  3. Guadalcanal
    
    Guadalcanal is the principal island in Guadalcanal Province of Solomon Islands, located in the south-western Pacific, northeast of Australia. It is the largest island in the Solomon Islands by area, and the second by population. The island is mainly covered in dense tropical rainforest and has a mountainous hinterland.
  4. United States Navy
    
    The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage of its active battle fleet alone exceeding the next 13 navies combined, including 11 allies or partner nations of the United States as of 2015. It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, with eleven in service, two new carriers under construction, and five other carriers planned. With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve, the United States Navy is the third largest of the United States military service branches in terms of personnel. It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 2,623 operational aircraft as of June 2019.
  5. Imperial Japanese Navy
    
    The Imperial Japanese Navy was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrender in World War II. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) was formed between 1952–1954 after the dissolution of the IJN.
  6. Henderson Field (Guadalcanal)
    
    Henderson Field is a former military airfield on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands during World War II. Originally built by the Japanese Empire, the conflict over its possession was one of the great battles of the Pacific War. Today it is Honiara International Airport.
2. World War II: Off Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese force.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Battle of Cape Esperance
    
    The Battle of Cape Esperance, also known as the Second Battle of Savo Island and, in Japanese sources, as the Sea Battle of Savo Island (サボ島沖海戦), took place on 11–12 October 1942, in the Pacific campaign of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and United States Navy. The naval battle was the second of four major surface engagements during the Guadalcanal campaign and took place at the entrance to the strait between Savo Island and Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. Cape Esperance (9°15′S 159°42′E) is the northernmost point on Guadalcanal, and the battle took its name from this point.
1941
1. Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia.
  1. World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia
    
    World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia started with the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941. Under the pressure of the Yugoslav Partisan movement, part of the Macedonian communists began in October 1941 a political and military campaign to resist the occupation of Vardar Macedonia. Officially, the area was called then Vardar Banovina, because the very name Macedonia was prohibited in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was occupied mostly by Bulgarian, but also by German, Italian, and Albanian forces.
1937
1. Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, arrived at Friedrichstraße station in Berlin to begin their tour of Germany.
  1. Edward VIII
    
    Edward VIII, later known as the Duke of Windsor, was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire and Emperor of India from 20 January 1936 until his abdication in December of the same year.
  2. Wallis Simpson
    
    Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, was an American socialite and wife of the former King Edward VIII. Their intention to marry and her status as a divorcée caused a constitutional crisis that led to Edward's abdication.
  3. Berlin Friedrichstraße station
    
    Berlin Friedrichstraße is a railway station in the German capital Berlin. It is located on the Friedrichstraße, a major north-south street in the Mitte district of Berlin, adjacent to the point where the street crosses the river Spree. Underneath the station is the U-Bahn station Friedrichstraße.
  4. 1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor
    
    Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, visited Nazi Germany in October 1937. Edward had abdicated the British throne in December 1936, and his brother George VI had become king. Edward had been given the title Duke of Windsor and married Wallis Simpson in June 1937. He appeared to have been sympathetic to Germany in this period and, that September, announced his intention to travel privately to Germany to tour factories. His interests, officially into researching the social and economic conditions of the working classes, were against the backdrop of looming war in Europe. The Duke's supporters saw him as a potential peacemaker between Britain and Germany, but the British government refused to sanction such a role, opposed the tour and suspected that the Nazis would use the Duke's presence for propaganda. Windsor was keen for his wife, who had been rejected by the British establishment, to experience a state visit as his consort. He promised the government to keep a low profile, and the tour went ahead between 12 and 23 October 1937.
2. The Duke and Duchess of Windsor tour Nazi Germany for 12 days and meet Adolf Hitler on the 22nd.
  1. Edward VIII
    
    Edward VIII, later known as the Duke of Windsor, was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire and Emperor of India from 20 January 1936 until his abdication in December of the same year.
  2. Wallis Simpson
    
    Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, was an American socialite and wife of the former King Edward VIII. Their intention to marry and her status as a divorcée caused a constitutional crisis that led to Edward's abdication.
  3. 1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor
    
    Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, visited Nazi Germany in October 1937. Edward had abdicated the British throne in December 1936, and his brother George VI had become king. Edward had been given the title Duke of Windsor and married Wallis Simpson in June 1937. He appeared to have been sympathetic to Germany in this period and, that September, announced his intention to travel privately to Germany to tour factories. His interests, officially into researching the social and economic conditions of the working classes, were against the backdrop of looming war in Europe. The Duke's supporters saw him as a potential peacemaker between Britain and Germany, but the British government refused to sanction such a role, opposed the tour and suspected that the Nazis would use the Duke's presence for propaganda. Windsor was keen for his wife, who had been rejected by the British establishment, to experience a state visit as his consort. He promised the government to keep a low profile, and the tour went ahead between 12 and 23 October 1937.
1918
1. The 7.1 .mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}Mw San Fermín earthquake shakes Puerto Rico. The quake and resulting tsunami kill up to 116 people.
  1. Seismic magnitude scales
    
    Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used.
  2. 1918 San Fermín earthquake
    
    The 1918 San Fermín earthquake, also known as the Puerto Rico earthquake of 1918, struck the island of Puerto Rico at 10:14:42 local time on October 11. The earthquake measured 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale and IX (Violent) on the Mercalli intensity scale. The mainshock epicenter occurred off the northwestern coast of the island, somewhere along the Puerto Rico Trench.
1912
1. First Balkan War: The day after the Battle of Sarantaporo, Greek troops liberate the city of Kozani.
  1. First Balkan War
    
    The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League against the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan states' combined armies overcame the initially numerically inferior and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, achieving rapid success.
  2. Battle of Sarantaporo
    
    The Battle of Sarantaporo, also variously transliterated as Sarantaporon or Sarandaporon, took place on 9–10 October, 1912. It was the first major battle fought between Greek forces under Crown Prince Constantine and Ottoman forces under General Hasan Tahsin Pasha during the First Balkan War. The battle began when the Greek army attacked the Ottoman defensive line at the Sarantaporo pass, which connected Thessaly with central Macedonia.
1910
1. Piloted by Arch Hoxsey, Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane.
  1. Archibald Hoxsey
    
    Archibald Hoxsey was an American aviator who worked for the Wright brothers.
1906
1. San Francisco sparks a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Japan by ordering segregated schools for Japanese students.
  1. Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
    
    The Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 was an informal agreement between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan whereby Japan would not allow further emigration to the United States and the United States would not impose restrictions on Japanese immigrants already present in the country. The goal was to reduce tensions between the two Pacific nations such as those that followed the Pacific Coast race riots of 1907 and the segregation of Japanese students in public schools. The agreement was not a treaty and so was not voted on by the United States Congress. It was superseded by the Immigration Act of 1924.
1899
1. The Second Boer War erupts in South Africa between the British-ruled Cape Colony, and the Boer-ruled Transvaal and Orange Free State.
  1. Second Boer War
    
    The Second Boer War, also known as the Boer War, the Anglo–Boer War, or the South African War, was a conflict fought between the British Empire and the two Boer Republics over the Empire's influence in Southern Africa from 1899 to 1902. Following the discovery of gold deposits in the Boer republics, there was a large influx of "foreigners", mostly British from the Cape Colony. They were not permitted to have a vote, and were regarded as "unwelcome visitors", invaders, and they protested to the British authorities in the Cape. Negotiations failed and, in the opening stages of the war, the Boers launched successful attacks against British outposts before being pushed back by imperial reinforcements. Though the British swiftly occupied the Boer republics, numerous Boers refused to accept defeat and engaged in guerrilla warfare. Eventually, British scorched earth policies, and the poor conditions suffered in concentration camps by Boer women and children who had been displaced by these policies, brought the remaining Boer guerillas to the negotiating table, ending the war.
1890
1. In Washington, D.C., the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
  1. Daughters of the American Revolution
    
    The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is a lineage-based membership service organization for women who are directly descended from a person involved in the United States' efforts towards independence. A non-profit group, they promote education and patriotism. The organization's membership is limited to direct lineal descendants of soldiers or others of the Revolutionary period who aided the cause of independence; applicants must have reached 18 years of age and are reviewed at the chapter level for admission. The DAR has over 185,000 current members in the United States and other countries. Its motto is "God, Home, and Country".
1865
1. Hundreds of black men and women march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.
  1. Morant Bay rebellion
    
    The Morant Bay Rebellion began with a protest march to the courthouse by hundreds of people led by preacher Paul Bogle in Morant Bay, Jamaica. Some were armed with sticks and stones. After seven men were shot and killed by the volunteer militia, the protesters attacked and burned the courthouse and nearby buildings. Twenty-five people died. Over the next two days, poor freedmen rose in rebellion across most of St. Thomas-in-the-East parish.
1862
1. American Civil War: Confederate troops conduct a raid on Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
  1. American Civil War
    
    The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union and the Confederacy, the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction.
  2. Raid on Chambersburg
    
    The Raid on Chambersburg, often identified as J.E.B. Stuart's Chambersburg Raid, was a Confederate States Army cavalry raid into Maryland and Pennsylvania on October 10–12, 1862 during the American Civil War. It became known as Stuart's "second ride around McClellan" because it duplicated Stuart's reconnaissance ride completely around the Union Army of the Potomac under Major General George B. McClellan during the ill-fated Peninsula Campaign.
1852
1. The University of Sydney, Australia's oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney.
  1. University of Sydney
    
    The University of Sydney (USYD), also known as Sydney University, or informally Sydney Uni, is a public research university located in Sydney, Australia. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and is one of the country's six sandstone universities. The university comprises eight academic faculties and university schools, through which it offers bachelor, master and doctoral degrees.
1840
1. Bashir Shihab II (pictured) surrendered to the Ottoman Empire and was removed as Emir of Mount Lebanon after an imperial decree by Sultan Abdülmecid I.
  1. Bashir Shihab II
    
    Emir Bashir Shihab II was a Lebanese emir who ruled Ottoman Lebanon in the first half of the 19th century. Born to a branch of the Shihab family which had converted from Sunni Islam, the religion of previous Shihabi Emirs, he was the only Maronite ruler of the Emirate of Mount Lebanon.
  2. Ottoman Empire
    
    The Ottoman Empire, also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror.
  3. Mount Lebanon Emirate
    
    The Emirate of Mount Lebanon was a part of Mount Lebanon that enjoyed variable degrees of partial autonomy under the stable suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire between the mid-16th and the early-19th century.
  4. Firman
    
    A firman, at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state. During various periods they were collected and applied as traditional bodies of law. The word firman comes from Persian فرمان meaning "decree" or "order".
  5. Abdulmejid I
    
    Abdulmejid I was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839. His reign was notable for the rise of nationalist movements within the empire's territories. Abdulmejid wanted to encourage Ottomanism among secessionist subject nations and stop rising nationalist movements within the empire, but despite new laws and reforms to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks more thoroughly into Ottoman society, his efforts failed in this regard.
2. The Maronite leader Bashir Shihab II surrenders to the Ottoman Empire and later is sent to Malta in exile.
  1. Bashir Shihab II
    
    Emir Bashir Shihab II was a Lebanese emir who ruled Ottoman Lebanon in the first half of the 19th century. Born to a branch of the Shihab family which had converted from Sunni Islam, the religion of previous Shihabi Emirs, he was the only Maronite ruler of the Emirate of Mount Lebanon.
1811
1. The Juliana begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry in New York harbor.
  1. John Stevens (inventor, born 1749)
    
    Col. John Stevens, III was an American lawyer, engineer, and inventor who constructed the first U.S. steam locomotive, first steam-powered ferry, and first U.S. commercial ferry service from his estate in Hoboken. He was influential in the creation of U.S. patent law.
1797
1. French Revolutionary Wars: The Royal Navy captured eleven Dutch Navy ships without any losses at the Battle of Camperdown.
  1. French Revolutionary Wars
    
    The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution. They pitted France against Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia, and several other monarchies. They are divided in two periods: the War of the First Coalition (1792–97) and the War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802). Initially confined to Europe, the fighting gradually assumed a global dimension. After a decade of constant warfare and aggressive diplomacy, France had conquered territories in the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and the Rhineland in Europe and abandoned Louisiana in North America. French success in these conflicts ensured the spread of revolutionary principles over much of Europe.
  2. Royal Navy
    
    The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.
  3. Royal Netherlands Navy
    
    The Royal Netherlands Navy is the naval force of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
  4. Battle of Camperdown
    
    The Battle of Camperdown was a major naval action fought on 11 October 1797, between the British North Sea Fleet under Admiral Adam Duncan and a Batavian Navy (Dutch) fleet under Vice-Admiral Jan de Winter. The battle was the most significant action between British and Dutch forces during the French Revolutionary Wars and resulted in a complete victory for the British, who captured eleven Dutch ships without losing any of their own. In 1795, the Dutch Republic had been overrun by the army of the French Republic and had been reorganised into the Batavian Republic, a French client state. In early 1797, after the French Atlantic Fleet had suffered heavy losses in a disastrous winter campaign, the Dutch fleet was ordered to reinforce the French at Brest. The rendezvous never occurred; the continental allies failed to capitalise on the Spithead and Nore mutinies that paralysed the British Channel forces and North Sea fleets during the spring of 1797.
2. The Royal Navy decisively defeats the Batavian Navy at Camperdown during the French Revolutionary Wars.
  1. Battle of Camperdown
    
    The Battle of Camperdown was a major naval action fought on 11 October 1797, between the British North Sea Fleet under Admiral Adam Duncan and a Batavian Navy (Dutch) fleet under Vice-Admiral Jan de Winter. The battle was the most significant action between British and Dutch forces during the French Revolutionary Wars and resulted in a complete victory for the British, who captured eleven Dutch ships without losing any of their own. In 1795, the Dutch Republic had been overrun by the army of the French Republic and had been reorganised into the Batavian Republic, a French client state. In early 1797, after the French Atlantic Fleet had suffered heavy losses in a disastrous winter campaign, the Dutch fleet was ordered to reinforce the French at Brest. The rendezvous never occurred; the continental allies failed to capitalise on the Spithead and Nore mutinies that paralysed the British Channel forces and North Sea fleets during the spring of 1797.
1776
1. American Revolutionary War: A British fleet defeated American ships at the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain, but gave American forces enough time to prepare their defenses for the Saratoga campaign.
  1. American Revolutionary War
    
    The American Revolutionary War, also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of the United States, fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  2. Battle of Valcour Island
    
    The Battle of Valcour Island, also known as the Battle of Valcour Bay, was a naval engagement that took place on October 11, 1776, on Lake Champlain. The main action took place in Valcour Bay, a narrow strait between the New York mainland and Valcour Island. The battle is generally regarded as one of the first naval battles of the American Revolutionary War, and one of the first fought by the United States Navy. Most of the ships in the American fleet under the command of Benedict Arnold were captured or destroyed by a British force under the overall direction of General Guy Carleton. However, the American defense of Lake Champlain stalled British plans to reach the upper Hudson River valley.
  3. Lake Champlain
    
    Lake Champlain is a natural freshwater lake in North America. It mostly lies between the US states of New York and Vermont, but also extends north into the Canadian province of Quebec.
  4. Saratoga campaign
    
    The Saratoga campaign in 1777 was an attempt by the British high command for North America to gain military control of the strategically important Hudson River valley during the American Revolutionary War. It ended in the surrender of the British army, which historian Edmund Morgan argues, "was a great turning point of the war, because it won for Americans the foreign assistance which was the last element needed for victory."
2. American Revolution: A fleet of American boats on Lake Champlain is defeated by the Royal Navy, but delays the British advance until 1777.
  1. American Revolution
    
    The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), gaining independence from the British Crown and establishing the United States of America as the first nation-state founded on Enlightenment principles of liberal democracy.
  2. Battle of Valcour Island
    
    The Battle of Valcour Island, also known as the Battle of Valcour Bay, was a naval engagement that took place on October 11, 1776, on Lake Champlain. The main action took place in Valcour Bay, a narrow strait between the New York mainland and Valcour Island. The battle is generally regarded as one of the first naval battles of the American Revolutionary War, and one of the first fought by the United States Navy. Most of the ships in the American fleet under the command of Benedict Arnold were captured or destroyed by a British force under the overall direction of General Guy Carleton. However, the American defense of Lake Champlain stalled British plans to reach the upper Hudson River valley.
1767
1. Surveying for the Mason–Dixon line separating Maryland from Pennsylvania is completed.
  1. Mason–Dixon line
    
    The Mason–Dixon line, also called the Mason and Dixon line or Mason's and Dixon's line, is a demarcation line separating four U.S. states, forming part of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and West Virginia. It was surveyed between 1763 and 1767 by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon as part of the resolution of a border dispute involving Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware in colonial America. The dispute had its origins almost a century earlier in the somewhat confusing proprietary grants by King Charles I to Lord Baltimore (Maryland) and by King Charles II to William Penn.
1649
1. Cromwell's New Model Army sacks Wexford, killing over 2,000 Irish Confederate troops and 1,500 civilians.
  1. Sack of Wexford
    
    The Sack of Wexford took place from 2 to 11 October 1649, during the campaign known as the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. It was part of the wider 1641 to 1653 Irish Confederate Wars, and an associated conflict of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
1634
1. The Burchardi flood kills around 15,000 in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
  1. Burchardi flood
    
    The Burchardi flood was a storm tide that struck the North Sea coast of North Frisia and Dithmarschen on the night between 11 and 12 October 1634. Overrunning dikes, it shattered the coastline and caused thousands of deaths and catastrophic material damage. Much of the island of Strand washed away, forming the islands Nordstrand, Pellworm and several halligen.
1614
1. The New Netherland Company applies to the States General of the Netherlands for exclusive trading rights in what is now the northeastern United States.
  1. New Netherland Company
    
    New Netherland Company was a chartered company of Dutch merchants.
  2. States General of the Netherlands
    
    The States General of the Netherlands is the supreme bicameral legislature of the Netherlands consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Both chambers meet at the Binnenhof in The Hague.
  3. New Netherland
    
    New Netherland was a 17th-century colonial province of the Dutch Republic that was located on the east coast of what is now the United States. The claimed territories extended from the Delmarva Peninsula to southwestern Cape Cod, while the more limited settled areas are now part of the U.S. states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Massachusetts and Connecticut, with small outposts in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island.
1492
1. Members of Christopher Columbus's first voyage reported a sighting of unknown light on their way to Guanahani.
  1. Christopher Columbus
    
    Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas. His expeditions were the first known European contact with the Caribbean, Central America, and South America.
  2. Voyages of Christopher Columbus
    
    Between 1492 and 1504, Italian explorer Christopher Columbus led four Spanish transatlantic maritime expeditions of discovery to the Americas. These voyages led to the widespread knowledge of the New World. This breakthrough inaugurated the period known as the Age of Discovery, which saw the colonization of the Americas, a related biological exchange, and trans-Atlantic trade. These events, the effects and consequences of which persist to the present, are often cited as the beginning of the modern era.
  3. Guanahani
    
    Guanahaní is an island in the Bahamas that was the first land in the New World sighted and visited by Christopher Columbus' first voyage, on 12 October 1492. It is a bean-shaped island that Columbus changed from its native Taíno name to San Salvador. Guanahaní has traditionally been identified with Watlings Island, which was officially renamed San Salvador Island in 1925 as a result, but modern scholars are divided on the accuracy of this identification and several alternative candidates in and around the southern Bahamas have been proposed as well.
1311
1. The peerage and clergy of the Kingdom of England published the Ordinances of 1311 to restrict King Edward II's powers.
  1. Peerage of England
    
    The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. In that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were replaced by one Peerage of Great Britain. There are five peerages in the United Kingdom in total.
  2. Kingdom of England
    
    The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 12 July 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
  3. Ordinances of 1311
    
    The Ordinances of 1311 were a series of regulations imposed upon King Edward II by the peerage and clergy of the Kingdom of England to restrict the power of the English monarch. The twenty-one signatories of the Ordinances are referred to as the Lords Ordainers, or simply the Ordainers. English setbacks in the Scottish war, combined with perceived extortionate royal fiscal policies, set the background for the writing of the Ordinances in which the administrative prerogatives of the king were largely appropriated by a baronial council. The Ordinances reflect the Provisions of Oxford and the Provisions of Westminster from the late 1250s, but unlike the Provisions, the Ordinances featured a new concern with fiscal reform, specifically redirecting revenues from the king's household to the exchequer.
  4. Edward II of England
    
    Edward II, also called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327. The fourth son of Edward I, Edward became the heir apparent to the throne following the death of his elder brother Alphonso. Beginning in 1300, Edward accompanied his father on invasions of Scotland. In 1306, he was knighted in a grand ceremony at Westminster Abbey. Following his father's death, Edward succeeded to the throne in 1307. He married Isabella, the daughter of the powerful King Philip IV of France, in 1308, as part of a long-running effort to resolve tensions between the English and French crowns.
2. The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of English kings with the Ordinances of 1311.
  1. Ordinances of 1311
    
    The Ordinances of 1311 were a series of regulations imposed upon King Edward II by the peerage and clergy of the Kingdom of England to restrict the power of the English monarch. The twenty-one signatories of the Ordinances are referred to as the Lords Ordainers, or simply the Ordainers. English setbacks in the Scottish war, combined with perceived extortionate royal fiscal policies, set the background for the writing of the Ordinances in which the administrative prerogatives of the king were largely appropriated by a baronial council. The Ordinances reflect the Provisions of Oxford and the Provisions of Westminster from the late 1250s, but unlike the Provisions, the Ordinances featured a new concern with fiscal reform, specifically redirecting revenues from the king's household to the exchequer.
1142
1. The Treaty of Shaoxing was ratified, ending the Jin–Song Wars, although sporadic fighting continued until 1234.
  1. Treaty of Shaoxing
    
    The Treaty of Shaoxing was the agreement that ended the military conflicts between the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song dynasty. It also legally drew up the boundaries of the two countries and forced the Song dynasty to renounce all claims to its former territories north of the Qinling Huaihe Line, which included its former capital Kaifeng. Emperor Gaozong of Song executed anti-Jin faction general Yue Fei after the treaty.
  2. Jin–Song Wars
    
    The Jin–Song Wars were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279). In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords, the Khitan-led Liao dynasty (916–1125), and declared the formation of the Jin. Allying with the Song against their common enemy the Liao dynasty, the Jin promised to cede to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures that had fallen under Liao control since 938. The Song agreed but the Jin's quick defeat of the Liao combined with Song military failures made the Jin reluctant to cede territory. After a series of negotiations that embittered both sides, the Jurchens attacked the Song in 1125, dispatching one army to Taiyuan and the other to Bianjing, the Song capital.
2. A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars.
  1. Treaty of Shaoxing
    
    The Treaty of Shaoxing was the agreement that ended the military conflicts between the Jin dynasty and the Southern Song dynasty. It also legally drew up the boundaries of the two countries and forced the Song dynasty to renounce all claims to its former territories north of the Qinling Huaihe Line, which included its former capital Kaifeng. Emperor Gaozong of Song executed anti-Jin faction general Yue Fei after the treaty.
  2. Jin–Song Wars
    
    The Jin–Song Wars were a series of conflicts between the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty (1115–1234) and the Han-led Song dynasty (960–1279). In 1115, Jurchen tribes rebelled against their overlords, the Khitan-led Liao dynasty (916–1125), and declared the formation of the Jin. Allying with the Song against their common enemy the Liao dynasty, the Jin promised to cede to the Song the Sixteen Prefectures that had fallen under Liao control since 938. The Song agreed but the Jin's quick defeat of the Liao combined with Song military failures made the Jin reluctant to cede territory. After a series of negotiations that embittered both sides, the Jurchens attacked the Song in 1125, dispatching one army to Taiyuan and the other to Bianjing, the Song capital.
1138
1. A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever.
  1. 1138 Aleppo earthquake
    
    The 1138 Aleppo earthquake was among the deadliest earthquakes in history. Its name was taken from the city of Aleppo, in northern Syria, where the most casualties were sustained. The earthquake also caused damage and chaos to many other places in the area around Aleppo. The quake occurred on 11 October 1138 and was preceded by a smaller quake on the 10th. It is frequently listed as the third deadliest earthquake in history, following on from the Shensi and Tangshan earthquakes in China. However, the figure of 230,000 deaths reported by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century is most likely based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and the large seismic event of 30 September 1139 in the Transcaucasian city of Ganja.
  2. Aleppo
    
    Aleppo is a city in Syria, which serves as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most populous Syrian governorate. With an estimated population of 2,098,000 residents as of 2021, it is Syria's second-largest city and also one of the largest cities in the Levant region.

Births & Deaths

2022
1. Angela Lansbury, English-American actress, singer, and producer (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Angela Lansbury
    
    Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury was an Irish-British and American film, stage, and television actress. Her career spanned eight decades, much of it in the United States, and her work received a great deal of international attention. At the time of her death, she was one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood cinema. Lansbury received many accolades throughout her career, including six Tony Awards, six Golden Globe Awards, a Laurence Olivier Award, and the Academy Honorary Award, in addition to nominations for three Academy Awards, eighteen Primetime Emmy Awards, and a Grammy Award. In 2014, Queen Elizabeth II appointed Lansbury Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
2019
1. Alexei Leonov, Soviet/Russian cosmonaut and first human to conduct a spacewalk (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Alexei Leonov
    
    Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov was a Soviet and Russian cosmonaut, Air Force major general, writer, and artist. On 18 March 1965, he became the first person to conduct a spacewalk, exiting the capsule during the Voskhod 2 mission for 12 minutes and 9 seconds. He was also selected to be the first Soviet person to land on the Moon although the project was cancelled.
  2. Extravehicular activity
    
    Extravehicular activity (EVA) is any activity done by an astronaut in outer space outside a spacecraft. Absent a breathable Earthlike atmosphere, the astronaut is completely reliant on a space suit for environmental support. EVA includes spacewalks and lunar or planetary surface exploration. In a stand-up EVA (SEVA), an astronaut stands through an open hatch but does not fully leave the spacecraft. EVA has been conducted by the Soviet Union/Russia, the United States, Canada, the European Space Agency and China.
2017
1. Clifford Husbands, Barbadian politician (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Clifford Husbands
    
    Sir Clifford Straughn Husbands GCMG KStJ KA QC was a Barbadian judge who served as the sixth Governor-General of Barbados. He held this office from 1996, when he was appointed after the death of Nita Barrow, until he retired on 31 October 2011.
2015
1. Dean Chance, American baseball player and manager (b. 1941) deaths
  1. Dean Chance
    
    Wilmer Dean Chance was an American professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, he played in 11 Major League Baseball seasons for the Los Angeles / California Angels, Minnesota Twins, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets and Detroit Tigers. With a touch of wildness and the habit of never looking at home plate once he received the sign from his catcher, Chance would turn his back fully towards the hitter in mid-windup before spinning and unleashing a good fastball, sinker or sidearm curveball.
2014
1. Anita Cerquetti, Italian soprano (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Anita Cerquetti
    
    Anita Cerquetti was an Italian dramatic soprano who had a short but meteoric career in the 1950s. Her voice was very powerful and pleasing to audiences.
2. Carmelo Simeone, Argentinian footballer (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Carmelo Simeone
    
    Carmelo "Cholo" Simeone, was an Argentine football defender who won three league championships with Boca Juniors and played for the Argentina national team. Nicknamed "Cholo", he was known for his energetic playing style.
3. Bob Such, Australian educator and politician (b. 1944) deaths
  1. Bob Such
    
    Robert Bruce Such was a South Australian politician. He was the member for the seat of Fisher in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1989 until his death in 2014. He defeated Labor MP Philip Tyler at the 1989 election and was a member of the Liberals until 2000 when he became an independent. Such was Minister for Employment, Training and Further Education, and Minister for Youth Affairs, in the Brown Liberal government from 1993 to 1996. He served as Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly for the Rann Labor government from 2005 to 2006. Such was joint Father of the House with Michael Atkinson from 2012.
2013
1. María de Villota, Spanish racing driver (b. 1980) deaths
  1. María de Villota
    
    María de Villota Comba was a Spanish racing driver. She was the daughter of former Formula One driver Emilio de Villota, and sister of Emilio de Villota Jr., who similarly competed in Formula Palmer Audi. Prior to her death, De Villota was recovering from serious head and facial injuries, sustained during an accident in straight-line testing as the Marussia Formula One team test driver.
2. Erich Priebke, German captain (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Erich Priebke
    
    Erich Priebke was a German mid-level SS commander in the SS police force (SiPo) of Nazi Germany. In 1996, he was convicted of war crimes in Italy, for commanding the unit which was responsible for the Ardeatine massacre in Rome on 24 March 1944 in which 335 Italian civilians were killed in retaliation for a partisan attack that killed 33 men of the German SS Police Regiment Bozen. Priebke was one of the men held responsible for this mass execution. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, he fled to Argentina, where he lived for almost 50 years.
2012
1. Avrohom Genachowsky, Israeli rabbi (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Avrohom Genachowsky
    
    Avrohom Genachowsky, was an Orthodox Jewish rabbi and talmudic scholar. He served as dean at Yeshivas Tchebin in Jerusalem.
2. Helmut Haller, German footballer and coach (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Helmut Haller
    
    Helmut Haller was a German footballer who played as a forward. At international level, he represented West Germany at three World Cups. At club level, he played in both Germany and Italy, and won Italian league titles with Bologna and Juventus.
3. Edward Kossoy, Polish lawyer, publicist, and activist (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Edward Kossoy
    
    Edward Kossoy was a Polish lawyer, publicist and an activist for victims of Nazism.
4. Édgar Negret, Colombian sculptor (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Édgar Negret
    
    Édgar Negret was a Colombian abstract sculptor.
5. Champ Summers, American baseball player and coach (b. 1946) deaths
  1. Champ Summers
    
    John Junior "Champ" Summers was a Major League Baseball outfielder and first baseman for six teams during his eleven-year career that spanned from 1974 to 1984. Summers played with the Oakland Athletics, Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, Detroit Tigers, San Francisco Giants and San Diego Padres.
2009
1. Angelo DiGeorge, American physician and endocrinologist (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Angelo DiGeorge
    
    Angelo Mario DiGeorge was an Italian American physician and pediatric endocrinologist from Philadelphia who pioneered the research on the autosomal dominant immunodeficiency now commonly referred to as DiGeorge syndrome.
2. Halit Refiğ, Turkish director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Halit Refiğ
    
    Halit Refiğ was a Turkish film director, film producer, screenwriter and writer. He made around sixty films, including feature films, documentaries and TV serials. He is considered to be the pioneer of the National Cinema movement and the initiator of the production of TV serials in Turkey.
2008
1. Marjorie Fletcher, English Director of the Women's Royal Naval Service (b. 1932) deaths
  1. Marjorie Fletcher
    
    Commandant Marjorie Fletcher CBE, who served as Director of the Women's Royal Naval Service (WRNS) between 1986–1988.
  2. Women's Royal Naval Service
    
    The Women's Royal Naval Service was the women's branch of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. First formed in 1917 for the First World War, it was disbanded in 1919, then revived in 1939 at the beginning of the Second World War, remaining active until integrated into the Royal Navy in 1993. WRNS included cooks, clerks, wireless telegraphists, radar plotters, weapons analysts, range assessors, electricians and air mechanics.
2. Jörg Haider, Austrian lawyer and politician, Governor of Carinthia (b. 1950) deaths
  1. Jörg Haider
    
    Jörg Haider was an Austrian politician. He was Governor of Carinthia on two occasions, the long-time leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and later Chairman of the Alliance for the Future of Austria, a breakaway party from the FPÖ.
  2. List of governors of Carinthia
    
    This is a list of governors of the Austrian state of Carinthia:
3. Ernst-Paul Hasselbach, Surinamese-Dutch television host and producer (b. 1966) deaths
  1. Ernst-Paul Hasselbach
    
    Ernst-Paul Hasselbach was a Dutch TV host and producer. He hosted several shows on Dutch and Belgian television.
4. Neal Hefti, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Neal Hefti
    
    Neal Paul Hefti was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and arranger. He wrote music for The Odd Couple movie and TV series and for the Batman TV series.
2007
1. David Lee "Tex" Hill, South Korean-American general and pilot (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Tex Hill
    
    David Lee "Tex" Hill was an American fighter pilot and triple flying ace. He is credited with 12+1⁄4 victories as a squadron leader with the Flying Tigers and another six as an officer in the United States Army Air Corps in World War II. He retired as a brigadier general.
2. Werner von Trapp, Austrian-American singer (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Trapp Family
    
    The Trapp Family were a singing group formed from the family of former Austrian naval commander Georg von Trapp. The family achieved fame in their original singing career in their native Austria during the interwar period. They also performed in the United States before emigrating there permanently to escape the deteriorating situation in Austria during World War II. In the United States, they became well known as the "Trapp Family Singers" until they ceased to perform as a unit in 1957. The family's story later served as the basis for a memoir, two German films, and the Rodgers and Hammerstein Broadway musical The Sound of Music. The last surviving of the original seven Trapp children, Maria Franziska, died in 2014 at the age of 99.
2006
1. Cory Lidle, American baseball player (b. 1972) deaths
  1. Cory Lidle
    
    Cory Fulton Lidle was an American professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, Lidle played in Major League Baseball with the New York Mets, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Oakland Athletics, Toronto Blue Jays, Cincinnati Reds, Philadelphia Phillies and the New York Yankees from 1997 to 2006. Lidle was killed when the small aircraft he owned crashed into a residential building in New York City.
2005
1. Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee, Pakistani-Canadian linguist, journalist, and poet (b. 1917) deaths
  1. Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee
    
    Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee, Sitara-e-Imtiaz, Tamgha-e-Quaid-i-Azam, was an Urdu poet, writer, journalist, broadcaster, translator, critic, researcher, linguist and lexicographer of Pakistan.
2. Attilâ İlhan, Turkish poet, author, and journalist (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Attilâ İlhan
    
    Attilâ İlhan was a Turkish poet, novelist, essayist, journalist and reviewer.
3. Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and politician, Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Edward Szczepanik
    
    Edward Franciszek Szczepanik was a Polish economist and the last Prime Minister of the Polish Government in Exile.
  2. Prime Minister of Poland
    
    The President of the Council of Ministers, colloquially referred to as the prime minister, is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibilities and traditions of the office stem from the creation of the contemporary Polish state, and the office is defined in the Constitution of 1997. According to the Constitution, the president nominates and appoints the prime minister, who will then propose the composition of the Cabinet. Fourteen days following their appointment, the prime minister must submit a programme outlining the government's agenda to the Sejm, requiring a vote of confidence. Conflicts stemming from both interest and powers have arisen between the offices of President and Prime Minister in the past.
2004
1. Keith Miller, Australian cricketer and pilot (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Keith Miller
    
    Keith Ross Miller was an Australian Test cricketer and a Royal Australian Air Force pilot during World War II. Miller is widely regarded as Australia's greatest ever all-rounder. His ability, irreverent manner and good looks made him a crowd favourite. English journalist Ian Wooldridge called Miller "the golden boy" of cricket, leading to his being nicknamed "Nugget". He "was more than a cricketer ... he embodied the idea that there was more to life than cricket".
2001
1. Maja Chwalińska, Polish tennis player births
  1. Maja Chwalińska
    
    Maja Chwalińska is a Polish tennis player. She has a career-high ranking of world No. 160 and a best doubles ranking of world No. 175, both achieved on 1 August 2022. She won her first senior singles title at a ITF Circuit tournament in Bytom in July 2019, having already won four ITF doubles titles up to that point.
2. Daniel Maldini, Italian footballer births
  1. Daniel Maldini
    
    Daniel Maldini is an Italian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Serie A club Spezia, on loan from AC Milan.
3. Beni Montresor, Italian director, set designer, and illustrator (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Beni Montresor
    
    Beni Montresor was a versatile Italian artist, opera and film director, set designer, author and children's book illustrator. He won the 1965 Caldecott Medal for U.S. picture book illustration, recognizing May I Bring a Friend?. The Italian government knighted him in 1966 for his contributions to the arts.
2000
1. Luc-Marie Bayle, French historian, photographer, and painter (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Luc-Marie Bayle
    
    Luc-Marie Bayle was a French naval officer, painter, and artist.
2. Donald Dewar, Scottish lawyer and politician, 1st First Minister of Scotland (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Donald Dewar
    
    Donald Campbell Dewar was a Scottish politician who served as the inaugural First Minister of Scotland and Leader of the Labour Party in Scotland from 1999 until his death in 2000. He previously served as Secretary of State for Scotland from 1997 to 1999. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Anniesland from 1978 to 2000. Dewar was also Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the equivalent seat from 1999 to 2000.
  2. First Minister of Scotland
    
    The first minister of Scotland is the leader of the Scottish Government and keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. The first minister chairs the Scottish Cabinet and is primarily responsible for the formulation, development and presentation of Scottish Government policy. Additional functions of the first minister include promoting and representing Scotland in an official capacity, at home and abroad.
1999
1. Leo Lionni, Dutch-American author and illustrator (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Leo Lionni
    
    Leo Lionni was an Italian-American writer and illustrator of children's books. Born in the Netherlands, he moved to Italy and lived there before moving to the United States in 1939, where he worked as an art director for several advertising agencies, and then for Fortune magazine. He returned to Italy in 1962 and started writing and illustrating children's books. In 1962, his book Inch by Inch was awarded the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award.
1998
1. Richard Denning, American actor (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Richard Denning
    
    Richard Denning was an American actor who starred in science fiction films of the 1950s, including Unknown Island (1948), Creature from the Black Lagoon (1954), Target Earth (1954), Day the World Ended (1955), Creature with the Atom Brain (1955), and The Black Scorpion (1957). Denning also appeared in the film An Affair to Remember (1957) with Cary Grant and on radio with Lucille Ball in My Favorite Husband (1948–1951), the forerunner of television's I Love Lucy.
1996
1. Keith Boyce, Barbadian cricketer (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Keith Boyce
    
    Keith David Boyce was a cricketer who played 21 Tests and 8 One Day Internationals for the West Indies between 1971 and 1976. He died from the effects of chronic cirrhosis of the liver, while sitting in a chair at a pharmacist's in Speightstown, Barbados, on his birthday on 11 October 1996.
2. Eleanor Cameron, Canadian-American author and critic (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Eleanor Cameron
    
    Eleanor Frances (Butler) Cameron was a children's author and critic. She published 20 books in her lifetime, including The Wonderful Flight to the Mushroom Planet (1954) and its sequels, a collection of critical essays called The Green and Burning Tree (1969), and The Court of the Stone Children (1973), which won the U.S. National Book Award in category Children's Books.
3. Renato Russo, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1960) deaths
  1. Renato Russo
    
    Renato Russo was a Brazilian singer and songwriter. He was the lead singer of the alternative rock band Legião Urbana. A Brazilian film depicting his life and career was released in 2013, called Somos Tão Jovens .
4. Joe Morris, English-Canadian lieutenant and trade union leader (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Joe Morris (trade unionist)
    
    Joseph Morris was a Canadian trade unionist mostly noted as the president of the Canadian Labour Congress in the 1970s.
1995
1. Nicolás Jarry, Chilean tennis player births
  1. Nicolás Jarry
    
    Nicolás Jarry Fillol is a professional tennis player from Chile. He has won one tournament in singles and two in doubles on the ATP Tour. He achieved his highest ATP singles ranking of World No. 38 in July 2019, after clinching his first ATP title in Båstad. His highest doubles ranking of World No. 40 was achieved in March 2019.
1994
1. Clésio Baúque, Mozambican footballer births
  1. Clésio
    
    Clésio Palmirim David Baúque, known simply as Clésio, is a Mozambican professional footballer who plays as a forward for Marítimo and the Mozambique national team.
2. T. J. Watt, American football player births
  1. T. J. Watt
    
    Trent Jordan Watt is an American football outside linebacker for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Wisconsin, and was drafted by the Steelers in the first round of the 2017 NFL Draft. His older brothers are J. J. Watt of the Arizona Cardinals and Derek Watt, a teammate on the Steelers. He was a finalist for the NFL Defensive Player of the Year award in 2019 and 2020 before winning the award in 2021. In 2021, Watt signed a four-year extension worth over $112 million, including $80 million guaranteed, making him the highest-paid defensive player in the NFL. Despite missing two games in 2021, he tied the single-season NFL record for most quarterback sacks in a season, matching Michael Strahan's 22.5-sack record set in 2001.
1993
1. Hardik Pandya, Indian cricketer births
  1. Hardik Pandya
    
    Hardik Himanshu Pandya is an Indian international cricketer who plays for the Indian cricket team in ODI and Twenty20 International (T20I) format as an All-rounder. Pandya also captained India for 3 matches in the absence of senior players. Pandya has acted as stand-in captain in T20Is for India. Pandya bats right-handed and bowls right-arm fast-medium. He has played in all 3 formats for India. He also plays for Baroda cricket team in domestic cricket and captains the newly debuted franchise Gujarat Titans in the Indian Premier League (IPL) and led them to their maiden IPL title in the 2022 edition. His elder brother Krunal Pandya is also a cricketer.
2. Andy Stewart, Scottish singer and entertainer (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Andy Stewart (musician)
    
    Andrew Stewart MBE was a Scottish singer and entertainer. He presented the BBC TV variety show The White Heather Club throughout the 1960s, and his song "Donald Where's Your Troosers?" was a hit in both 1960 and 1989. Internationally, the song most closely associated with Stewart is "A Scottish Soldier".
1992
1. Riffi Mandanda, Congolese footballer births
  1. Riffi Mandanda
    
    Riffi Mandanda is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Championnat National 2 club Créteil. Born in France, he is a former youth international for France and DR Congo.
2. Ligi Sao, New Zealand rugby league player births
  1. Ligi Sao
    
    Liligiifo Sao is a Samoa international rugby league footballer who plays as a prop and loose forward for Hull F.C. in the Betfred Super League.
3. Christian Davis, English cricketer births
  1. Christian Davis
    
    Christian Arthur Linghorne Davis is an English cricketer who played for Sussex. He is a right-handed batsman and left arm fast-medium bowler. He made his one day debut for Northamptonshire against Essex, on 8 August 2010. He has since played four first-class matches for Leeds-Bradford MCCU, and played for Sussex in one day and first-class cricket. In July 2016 he scored the record individual score for Sussex 2nd XI, 258* against Glamorgan 2nd XI at Abergavenny
4. Cardi B, American rapper births
  1. Cardi B
    
    Belcalis Marlenis Almánzar Cephus, known professionally as Cardi B, is an American rapper and songwriter. She first gained popularity as an influencer on Vine and Instagram. From 2015 to early 2017, she appeared as a regular cast member on the VH1 reality television series Love & Hip Hop: New York, which depicted her pursuit of her music aspirations, and earned further recognition with the release of her two mixtapes: Gangsta Bitch Music, Vol. 1 (2016) and Vol. 2 (2017).
1991
1. Kika van Es, Dutch footballer births
  1. Kika van Es
    
    Kika van Es is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a defender for Eredivisie club PSV and the Netherlands national team.
2. Toby Fox, American video game developer and composer births
  1. Toby Fox
    
    Robert F. Fox, known professionally as Toby Fox, is an American video game developer and video game composer. He is known for developing the role-playing video games Undertale and Deltarune for which the former garnered acclaim and he received nominations for a British Academy Game Award and three Game Awards.
3. Redd Foxx, American actor and comedian (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Redd Foxx
    
    John Elroy Sanford, better known by his stage name Redd Foxx, was an American stand-up comedian and actor. Foxx gained success with his raunchy nightclub act before and during the civil rights movement. Known as the "King of the Party Records", he performed on more than 50 records in his lifetime. He portrayed Fred G. Sanford on the television show Sanford and Son and starred in The Redd Foxx Show and The Royal Family. His film projects included All the Fine Young Cannibals (1960), Cotton Comes to Harlem (1970), Norman... Is That You? (1976) and Harlem Nights (1989).
1990
1. Joo, South Korean singer and actress births
  1. Joo (singer)
    
    Jung Min-joo, known professionally as Joo, is a South Korean singer, songwriter and musical actress. In 2006, she became a contestant on JYP Entertainment's Superstar Survival. Although she didn't win, she was accepted as a trainee at JYP Entertainment. After two years of training, Joo debuted as a soloist with her single album Young Girl in January 2008. However, she resumed training for two years, as she didn't feel ready for her debut. Joo later returned in January 2011 by releasing her EP Heartmade.
2. Sebastian Rode, German footballer births
  1. Sebastian Rode
    
    Sebastian Rode is a German professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt.
1989
1. Michelle Wie, American golfer births
  1. Michelle Wie West
    
    Michelle Sung Wie West is an American professional golfer who plays on the LPGA Tour. At age 10, she became the youngest player to qualify for a USGA amateur championship. Wie also became the youngest winner of the U.S. Women's Amateur Public Links and the youngest to qualify for an LPGA Tour event. She turned professional shortly before her 16th birthday in 2005, accompanied by an enormous amount of publicity and endorsements. She won her first and only major at the 2014 U.S. Women's Open.
2. M. King Hubbert, American geologist and academic (b. 1904) deaths
  1. M. King Hubbert
    
    Marion King Hubbert was an American geologist and geophysicist. He worked at the Shell research lab in Houston, Texas. He made several important contributions to geology, geophysics, and petroleum geology, most notably the Hubbert curve and Hubbert peak theory, with important political ramifications. He was often referred to as "M. King Hubbert" or "King Hubbert".
1988
1. Omar Gonzalez, American soccer player births
  1. Omar Gonzalez
    
    Omar Alejandro Gonzalez is an American professional soccer player who plays as a center-back for the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer.
2. Ricochet, American wrestler births
  1. Ricochet (wrestler)
    
    Trevor Dean Mann is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE, where he performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Ricochet.
3. Bonita Granville, American actress (b. 1923) deaths
  1. Bonita Granville
    
    Bonita Gloria Granville Wrather was an American actress and producer.
1987
1. Tony Beltran, American soccer player births
  1. Tony Beltran
    
    Anthony Benjamin Beltran is an American former soccer player who spent nearly all of his entire professional career at Real Salt Lake.
2. Mike Conley, Jr., American basketball player births
  1. Mike Conley Jr.
    
    Michael Alex Conley Jr. is an American professional basketball player for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was drafted as the fourth pick in the 2007 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies. Conley spent 12 seasons with the Grizzlies and become the team's all time leading scorer before being traded to the Jazz in 2019.
3. Nathan Coulter-Nile, Australian cricketer births
  1. Nathan Coulter-Nile
    
    Nathan Mitchell Coulter-Nile is an Australian cricketer who has played at One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 International level for the Australian national side. Domestically, he is contracted to Western Australia and the Melbourne Stars. From Perth, Western Australia, Coulter-Nile attended Aquinas College, and represented the state under-17 and under-19 teams, later going on to play three youth ODI matches for the Australian national under-19 team. Having held a rookie contract from the Western Australian Cricket Association (WACA) for several seasons, he made his debut at state level during the 2009–10 season, and has since become a regular selection in Western Australia and the Perth Scorchers' fast bowling attacks. Coulter-Nile made his Twenty20 International debut for the Australian national cricket team in February 2013, and his ODI debut in September 2013.
1986
1. Ikioi Shōta, Japanese sumo wrestler births
  1. Ikioi Shōta
    
    Ikioi Shōta is a Japanese former professional sumo wrestler from Katano, Osaka. He began his career in March 2005. He won the jūryō championship in November 2011 in his very first tournament in the division and just two tournaments later made his makuuchi division debut. He was runner up to Jōkōryū in the jūryō division in September 2012. His highest rank was sekiwake. He won four special prizes for Fighting Spirit and five gold stars for defeating yokozuna. He did not miss a single bout from his professional debut until the last day of the January 2021 tournament. He retired in June 2021 to become a coach and elder of the Japan Sumo Association under the name Kasugayama.
2. Norm Cash, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Norm Cash
    
    Norman Dalton Cash was an American Major League Baseball first baseman who spent almost his entire career with the Detroit Tigers. A power hitter, his 377 career home runs were the fourth most by an American League left-handed hitter when he retired, behind Babe Ruth, Ted Williams and Lou Gehrig; his 373 home runs with the Tigers rank second in franchise history behind teammate Al Kaline (399). He also led the AL in assists three times and fielding percentage twice; he ranked among the all-time leaders in assists and double plays upon his retirement, and was fifth in AL history in games at first base (1,943). He was known to fans and teammates during his playing days as "Stormin' Norman."
1985
1. Nesta Carter, Jamaican sprinter births
  1. Nesta Carter
    
    Nesta Carter OD is a retired Jamaican sprinter who specialized in the 100 metres event. Carter was successful as part of the Jamaican 4 x 100 metres relay team, taking gold and setting successive world records at the 2011 World Championships and 2012 London Olympics. He also won a 4 x 100m silver medal at the 2007 World Championship and a gold at the 2015 World Championships. On August 11, 2013, Carter secured an individual 100m World Championship bronze medal in Moscow, behind Justin Gatlin and teammate Usain Bolt. He followed this with another gold in the 4 x 100 metres relay.
2. Yang Cheng, Chinese footballer births
  1. Yang Cheng (born 1985)
    
    Yang Cheng is a Chinese football goalkeeper who currently plays for Hebei China Fortune in the Chinese Super League.
3. Álvaro Fernández, Uruguayan footballer births
  1. Álvaro Fernández (Uruguayan footballer)
    
    Álvaro Fernández is a Uruguayan footballer. He currently plays as a midfielder for Plaza Colonia.
4. Michelle Trachtenberg, American actress births
  1. Michelle Trachtenberg
    
    Michelle Trachtenberg is an American actress and model. Trachtenberg began her career at age three, appearing in a number of commercials, films, and television series as a child. Her starring role on the Nickelodeon television series The Adventures of Pete & Pete (1994–1996) as Nona Mecklenberg was also her first credited role. She starred in the Nickelodeon Movies comedy film Harriet the Spy (1996) as the film's eponymous character and in the CBS sitcom Meego (1997) as Maggie, both of which she won two Young Artist Awards for.
1984
1. Sergio Hellings, Dutch footballer births
  1. Sergio Hellings
    
    Sergio Hellings is a Dutch footballer who is without a club having last played for Roeselare.
2. Martha MacIsaac, Canadian-American actress, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Martha MacIsaac
    
    Martha MacIsaac is a Canadian actress. She has appeared in several feature films, including Superbad (2007), The Last House on the Left (2009), Dead Before Dawn (2012), and, most recently, Battle of the Sexes (2017). She has also worked in television and as a voice actress.
3. Zeb Taia, Australian-New Zealand rugby league player births
  1. Zeb Taia
    
    Zeb Taia is a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a second-row forward for both New Zealand and the Cook Islands at international level.
4. Jane Zhang, Chinese singer-songwriter births
  1. Jane Zhang
    
    Jane Zhang is a Chinese singer-songwriter. She is known for her signature whistle register and has been dubbed the "Dolphin Princess" (海豚公主). Zhang began performing as a teenager by singing in pubs to help earn money for her family. After signing with Huayi Brothers Media Corporation in 2005, Zhang released her first studio album, The One (2006). Her second album, Update, was released in 2007. Zhang's third studio album, Jane@Music, was released in 2009. Her fourth studio album, Believe in Jane, was released in 2010. In 2011, Zhang released her fifth studio album, Reform, which was certified double platinum by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI).
5. Benno Schotz, Scottish sculptor and engineer (b. 1891) deaths
  1. Benno Schotz
    
    Benno Schotz was an Estonian-born Scottish sculptor, and one of twentieth century Scotland's leading artists.
1983
1. R. Fraser Armstrong, Canadian administrator and engineer (b. 1889) deaths
  1. R. Fraser Armstrong
    
    Roy Fraser Armstrong was a Canadian hospital administrator and engineer who served as the Superintendent of Kingston General Hospital from 1925 to 1957.
1982
1. Cameron Knowles, New Zealand footballer births
  1. Cameron Knowles
    
    Cameron Knowles is a New Zealand football coach and former player who is currently the head coach of MLS Next Pro side Minnesota United 2.
2. Jeff Larish, American baseball player births
  1. Jeff Larish
    
    Jeffrey David Larish is an American former professional baseball infielder and outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers and Oakland Athletics.
3. Terrell Suggs, American football player births
  1. Terrell Suggs
    
    Terrell Raymonn Suggs, nicknamed "T-Sizzle", is an American former professional football player who was an outside linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Arizona State, and was recognized as a unanimous All-American. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens tenth overall in the 2003 NFL Draft, and is the franchise's all-time leader in sacks. He also played for the Arizona Cardinals for 13 games and the Kansas City Chiefs for 5 games in 2019.
4. Mauricio Victorino, Uruguayan footballer births
  1. Mauricio Victorino
    
    Mauricio Bernardo Victorino Dansilo is a Uruguayan former football defender.
1980
1. Nyron Nosworthy, English-born Jamaican footballer births
  1. Nyron Nosworthy
    
    Nyron Paul Henry Nosworthy is an English-born Jamaican former footballer. Beginning his career with Gillingham he moved to Sunderland in 2005 with whom he played in the Premier League. After two lengthy loan spells with Sheffield United he made a permanent switch to Watford in 2012 but was released in the summer of 2014 after a loan spell with Bristol City. Born in Brixton, South London, Nosworthy has represented Jamaica at international level, playing fourteen games and scoring once.
1979
1. Jamar Beasley, American football player births
  1. Jamar Beasley
    
    Jamar Beasley is an American soccer player.
2. Andy Douglas, American wrestler births
  1. The Naturals
    
    The Naturals were a professional wrestling tag team made up of Andy Douglas and Chase Stevens. They are best known for their work in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where they are former three-time NWA World Tag Team Champions.
3. Kim Yong-dae, South Korean footballer births
  1. Kim Yong-dae
    
    Kim Yong-dae is a South Korean former football goalkeeper who last played for Ulsan Hyundai. He is considered one of South Korea's best goalkeepers even to the point where he had been nicknamed by fans as "Yong Der Sar" in reference to former Dutch goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar of Manchester United and the Netherlands.
1978
1. Carl Bussey, American soccer player births
  1. Carl Bussey
    
    Carl Bussey is a retired American soccer midfielder who played professionally in Major League Soccer and the USL First Division. He played three games for the U.S. at the 1995 FIFA U-17 World Championship.
2. Takuya Kawaguchi, Japanese footballer births
  1. Takuya Kawaguchi
    
    Takuya Kawaguchi is a former Japanese football player.
1977
1. Matt Bomer, American actor and producer births
  1. Matt Bomer
    
    Matthew Staton Bomer is an American actor and producer. He is the recipient of accolades such as a Golden Globe Award, a Critics' Choice Television Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award nomination.
2. Igor Figueiredo, Brazilian snooker player births
  1. Igor Figueiredo
    
    Igor Almeida Figueiredo is a Brazilian professional snooker player.
3. Jérémie Janot, French footballer and manager births
  1. Jérémie Janot
    
    Jérémie Janot is a French former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played for Saint-Étienne for 16 years of his career, and last played for Le Mans.
4. Desmond Mason, American basketball player and sportscaster births
  1. Desmond Mason
    
    Desmond Tremaine Mason is an American painter and former professional basketball player. He played as a shooting guard and small forward. Mason has also found success as an artist, working in a variety of media. Currently, he is an NBA Analyst and Sports radio co-host for The Franchise, a sports talk station in Oklahoma City.
5. Rhett McLaughlin, American YouTuber births
  1. Rhett & Link
    
    Rhett James McLaughlin and Charles Lincoln "Link" Neal III, known professionally as Rhett & Link, are an American comedy duo. Self-styled as "Internetainers", they are known for creating and hosting the YouTube series Good Mythical Morning. Their other notable projects include comedic songs and sketches, their IFC series Rhett & Link: Commercial Kings, their YouTube Premium series Rhett and Link's Buddy System, their podcast Ear Biscuits, their novel The Lost Causes of Bleak Creek, and their acquisition of Smosh.
6. Ty Wigginton, American baseball player births
  1. Ty Wigginton
    
    Ty Allen Wigginton is an American former professional baseball infielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets, Pittsburgh Pirates, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Houston Astros, Baltimore Orioles, Colorado Rockies, Philadelphia Phillies, and St. Louis Cardinals. He mainly played as a first and third baseman, but also platooned as an infielder and an outfielder during his career. He bats and throws right-handed. Wigginton resides in Chula Vista, California.
7. MacKinlay Kantor, American journalist, author, and screenwriter (b. 1904) deaths
  1. MacKinlay Kantor
    
    MacKinlay Kantor, born Benjamin McKinlay Kantor, was an American journalist, novelist and screenwriter. He wrote more than 30 novels, several set during the American Civil War, and was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1956 for his 1955 novel, Andersonville. He also wrote the novel Gettysburg, set during the Civil War.
1976
1. Dominic Aitchison, Scottish bass player and songwriter births
  1. Dominic Aitchison
    
    Dominic Aitchison is a Scottish bassist and songwriter. He is best known as the bassist and founding member of post-rock band Mogwai. Aside from Mogwai, he also played bass guitar in Crippled Black Phoenix and Stage Blood.
2. Emily Deschanel, American actress and producer births
  1. Emily Deschanel
    
    Emily Erin Deschanel is an American actress. She portrayed Dr. Temperance "Bones" Brennan in the Fox crime procedural series Bones (2005–2017).
3. Alfredo Bracchi, Italian author, screenwriter, and songwriter (b. 1897) deaths
  1. Alfredo Bracchi
    
    Alfredo Bracchi was a versatile Italian writer, whose production ranged from song lyrics to movie scripts.
1974
1. Jason Arnott, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Jason Arnott
    
    Jason William Arnott is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player.
2. Rachel Barton Pine, American violinist and educator births
  1. Rachel Barton Pine
    
    Rachel Barton Pine is an American violinist. She debuted with the Chicago Symphony at age 10, and was the first American and youngest ever gold medal winner of the International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition. The Washington Post wrote that she "displays a power and confidence that puts her in the top echelon."
1973
1. Brendan B. Brown, American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Wheatus
    
    Wheatus are an American rock band from Northport, New York, formed in 1995. They are known principally for their 2000 single "Teenage Dirtbag", which appeared in the films Loser and Bully, as well as the HBO miniseries Generation Kill, the Netflix original series Girlboss, The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina, the Hulu original miniseries The Girl from Plainville, and a 2022 Christmas advertisement for the British chain store Sainsbury’s.
2. Greg Chalmers, Australian golfer births
  1. Greg Chalmers
    
    Greg J. Chalmers is an Australian professional golfer. Chalmers has played primarily on the PGA Tour of Australasia and PGA Tour. He is a two-time winner of the Australian Open and late in his career eventually won a PGA Tour event, the 2016 Barracuda Championship.
3. Steven Pressley, Scottish footballer and manager births
  1. Steven Pressley
    
    Steven John Pressley is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a centre back. He was most recently the manager of Carlisle United.
4. Niki Xanthou, Greek long jumper births
  1. Niki Xanthou
    
    Niki Xanthou is a Greek long jumper.
5. Dmitri Young, American baseball player and radio host births
  1. Dmitri Young
    
    Dmitri Dell Young is an American former professional baseball player. He played all or parts of 13 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a left fielder, first baseman, and designated hitter, for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cincinnati Reds, Detroit Tigers, and Washington Nationals from 1996 through 2008. He is a two-time All-Star and winner of the National League Comeback Player of the Year Award. His younger brother, Delmon Young, also played in MLB.
1972
1. Marcus Bai, Papua New Guinean rugby league player births
  1. Marcus Bai
    
    Marcus "George" Bai is a Papua New Guinean former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. An international representative winger, he represented Papua New Guinea on numerous occasions including at the 1995 Rugby League World Cup. Bai played club football for English clubs the Hull FC, Leeds Rhinos and the Bradford Bulls, as well as Australian clubs the Gold Coast Chargers and Melbourne Storm. He became the first player to have won the World Club Challenge with three clubs. In 2005 he was minutes away from being the first person to win all of the major domestic competitions in both Australia and England however Hull F.C. struck with minutes to go in the Challenge Cup final to deny Leeds Rhinos the Challenge Cup and him a place in the history books.
1971
1. Petra Haden, American violinist and singer births
  1. Petra Haden
    
    Petra Haden is an American musician and singer.
2. Justin Lin, American film director births
  1. Justin Lin
    
    Justin Lin is a Taiwanese-American film director. His films have grossed US$2.3 billion worldwide as of March 2017. He is best known for his directorial work on Better Luck Tomorrow (2002), the Fast & Furious franchise from The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) to Fast & Furious 6 (2013) and F9 (2021), and Star Trek Beyond (2016). He is also known for his work on television programs like Community, and the second season of True Detective.
3. Oleksandr Pomazun, Ukrainian footballer and manager births
  1. Oleksandr Pomazun
    
    Aleksandr Vasil'evich Pomazun is a Russian-Ukrainian former goalkeeper and a Russian football coach. He is the goalkeepers coach with FC Khimik-Arsenal.
4. Tamanoumi Masahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 51st Yokozuna (b. 1944) deaths
  1. Tamanoumi Masahiro
    
    Tamanoumi Masahiro was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler from Aichi. He was the sport's 51st yokozuna. Making his professional debut in 1959, he reached the top makuuchi division in 1964. He won six tournament championships and was runner-up in 12 others. Earlier in his career he also earned six special prizes and four gold stars. He was promoted to yokozuna simultaneously with his friend and rival Kitanofuji in January 1970 and the two men represented the dawning of a new era after the dominance of Taihō. He died suddenly in October 1971 after a delayed appendectomy.
  2. Makuuchi
    
    Makuuchi (幕内), or makunouchi (幕の内), is the top division of the six divisions of professional sumo. Its size is fixed at 42 wrestlers (rikishi), ordered into five ranks according to their ability as defined by their performance in previous tournaments.
5. Chesty Puller, American general (b. 1898) deaths
  1. Chesty Puller
    
    Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller was a United States Marine Corps officer. Beginning his career fighting guerillas in Haiti and Nicaragua as part of the Banana Wars, he later served with distinction in World War II and the Korean War as a senior officer. By the time of his retirement in 1955, he had reached the rank of lieutenant general.
1970
1. Chidi Ahanotu, American football player births
  1. Chidi Ahanotu
    
    Chidi Obioma Ahanotu is a former American football defensive end in the NFL.
2. Vanessa Harding, American wrestler births
  1. Vanessa Harding
    
    Leslie Culton better known by her ring name Vanessa Harding, is a semi-retired American professional wrestler and manager who has competed in North American independent promotions throughout the early 2000s including Full Impact Pro, Future of Wrestling, the Heartland Wrestling Association, Ohio Valley Wrestling and NWA Florida. She has also had short stints in Ring of Honor, World League Wrestling and Women's Extreme Wrestling. She is also known as Elle Cee, where she has appeared in several adult films, such as on the bangbus.com website.
3. MC Lyte, American rapper, DJ, and actress births
  1. MC Lyte
    
    Lana Michele Moorer, better known by her stage name MC Lyte, is an American rapper, DJ, actress and entrepreneur. Considered one of the pioneers of female rap, Lyte first gained fame in the late 1980s, becoming the first solo female rapper to release a full album with 1988's critically acclaimed Lyte as a Rock. She released a total of eight solo studio albums and an EP with Almost September.
4. Andy Marriott, English-Welsh footballer and manager births
  1. Andy Marriott
    
    Andrew Marriott is an English-born Welsh professional footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. He is a journeyman player, having represented various clubs, and has also played for the Welsh national team.
5. Shin Tae-yong, South Korean footballer and coach births
  1. Shin Tae-yong
    
    Shin Tae-yong is a South Korean former professional footballer and manager who is currently coaching the Indonesia national football team. He is the first man to win the Asian Club Championship/AFC Champions League as both player and manager, having won the 1995 Asian Club Championship and the 2010 AFC Champions League with Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma.
1969
1. Merieme Chadid, Moroccan astronomer and explorer births
  1. Merieme Chadid
    
    Merieme Chadid is a Moroccan-French astronomer, explorer and astrophysicist. She leads international polar scientific programs and has been committed to installing a major astronomical observatory at the heart of Antarctica.
2. Stephen Moyer, English actor births
  1. Stephen Moyer
    
    Stephen Moyer is an English film and television actor who is best known as vampire Bill Compton in the HBO series True Blood. His first television role was in 1993 as Philip Masefield in the TV adaptation of the play Conjugal Rites, written by actor/playwright Roger Hall.
3. Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands births
  1. Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands
    
    Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands is the third and youngest son of the former Dutch queen, Beatrix, and her husband, Claus von Amsberg, and is the younger brother of the reigning Dutch king, Willem-Alexander. He is a member of the Dutch Royal House and currently fourth in the line of succession to the Dutch throne.
1968
1. Jane Krakowski, American actress and singer births
  1. Jane Krakowski
    
    Jane Krakowski is an American actress, comedienne, and singer. She is best known for her starring role as Jenna Maroney in the NBC satirical comedy series 30 Rock, for which she received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series. Other notable television roles have included Elaine Vassal in the Fox legal comedy-drama series Ally McBeal (1997–2002) and Jacqueline White in the Netflix comedy series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt (2015–2020). For the latter, she received another Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series nomination.
2. Claude Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Claude Lapointe
    
    Claude Lapointe is a Canadian former ice hockey player. In his career, Lapointe played for the Quebec Nordiques, Colorado Avalanche, Calgary Flames, New York Islanders, and Philadelphia Flyers.
3. Brett Salisbury, American football player and author births
  1. Brett Salisbury
    
    Brett Jon Salisbury is a former college football quarterback at University of Oregon, BYU, and Wayne State College.
4. Selim Sarper, Turkish educator and politician, 13th Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1899) deaths
  1. Selim Sarper
    
    Selim Rauf Sarper was a Turkish diplomat and politician. He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1960–1962.
  2. List of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey
    
    This is a list of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
1967
1. Jay Grdina, American businessman and pornographic actor births
  1. Jay Grdina
    
    John G. "Jay" Grdina is an American businessman and former pornographic actor. His family originates from Croatia. He is often credited under the stage name Justin Sterling.
2. Artie Lange, American actor and comedian births
  1. Artie Lange
    
    Arthur Steven Lange Jr. is an American stand-up comedian, actor, and radio personality best known for his tenures on the sketch comedy series Mad TV from 1995 to 1997 and The Howard Stern Show from 2001 to 2009. Raised in New Jersey, Lange first worked as a longshoreman and taxi driver to help support his family, following the death of his quadriplegic father. He debuted as a stand-up comic in 1987 and took up the profession full-time five years later, developing his act on the New York City club circuit.
3. David Starr, American race car driver births
  1. David Starr (racing driver)
    
    David Leon Starr is an American professional stock car racing driver. He last competed part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 08 Ford Mustang for SS-Green Light Racing. He has also raced in the Camping World Truck Series, where he is a four-time race winner, and the NASCAR Cup Series in the past.
4. Stanley Morison, typographer, known for work on Times New Roman font (b. 1889) deaths
  1. Stanley Morison
    
    Stanley Arthur Morison was a British typographer, printing executive and historian of printing. Largely self-educated, he promoted higher standards in printing and an awareness of the best printing and typefaces of the past.
  2. Typography
    
    Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing (leading), and letter-spacing (tracking), as well as adjusting the space between pairs of letters (kerning). The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as an ornamental and decorative device, unrelated to the communication of information.
  3. Times New Roman
    
    Times New Roman is a serif typeface. It was commissioned by the British newspaper The Times in 1931 and conceived by Stanley Morison, the artistic adviser to the British branch of the printing equipment company Monotype, in collaboration with Victor Lardent, a lettering artist in The Times's advertising department. It has become one of the most popular typefaces of all time and is installed on most desktop computers.
  4. Font
    
    In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight and style of a typeface. Each font is a matched set of type, with a piece for each glyph. A typeface consists of a range of such fonts that shared an overall design.
1966
1. Luke Perry, American actor and producer (d. 2019) births
  1. Luke Perry
    
    Coy Luther "Luke" Perry III was an American actor. He became a teen idol for playing Dylan McKay on the Fox television series Beverly Hills, 90210 from 1990 to 1995, and again from 1998 to 2000. He also starred as Fred Andrews on the CW series Riverdale. He had guest roles on notable shows such as Criminal Minds, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, The Simpsons, and Will & Grace, and also starred in several films, including Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992), 8 Seconds (1994), The Fifth Element (1997), and Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019), his final feature performance.
2. Todd Snider, American singer-songwriter births
  1. Todd Snider
    
    Todd Daniel Snider is an American singer-songwriter whose music incorporates elements of folk, rock, blues, alt country, and funk.
3. Stephen Williams, Welsh lawyer and politician births
  1. Stephen Williams (British politician)
    
    Stephen Roy Williams is a British Liberal Democrat politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol West from the 2005 general election until his defeat by Labour Party candidate Thangam Debbonaire in 2015. As an MP, he served in the Cameron–Clegg coalition government as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department of Communities and Local Government from 2013 to 2015.
1965
1. Sean Patrick Flanery, American actor and producer births
  1. Sean Patrick Flanery
    
    Sean Patrick Flanery is an American actor, author, and martial artist. He is known for playing Connor MacManus in The Boondock Saints (1999) and its sequel The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009), Greg Stillson in the USA Network television series The Dead Zone, Jeremy "Powder" Reed in Powder (1995), Indiana Jones in the ABC television series The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, as well as Bobby Dagen in Saw: The Final Chapter (2010). He is also known for his role as Sam Gibson on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless in 2011. He starred in Devil's Carnival, a short film which was screened on tour beginning in April, 2012. In 2016, he published his first novel, Jane Two, a coming-of-age story drawing inspiration from his own childhood and early experiences.
2. Alexander Hacke, German singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Alexander Hacke
    
    Alexander Hacke is a guitarist, bass guitarist, singer, musician, record producer, writer and filmmaker from Germany. He is primarily known as a longtime member of the influential German industrial music group Einstürzende Neubauten.
3. Orlando Hernández, Cuban baseball player births
  1. Orlando Hernández
    
    Orlando Hernández Pedroso, nicknamed "El Duque", is a Cuban-born right-handed former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched for the Industriales of the Cuban National Series, the New York Yankees, Chicago White Sox, Arizona Diamondbacks, and New York Mets of Major League Baseball, and the Cuban national baseball team in international play.
4. Volodymyr Horilyi, Ukrainian footballer and coach births
  1. Volodymyr Horilyi
    
    Volodymyr Ivanovych Horilyi is a Soviet and Ukrainian retired football defender and a football coach.
5. Dorothea Lange, American photographer and journalist (b. 1895) deaths
  1. Dorothea Lange
    
    Dorothea Lange was an American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Lange's photographs influenced the development of documentary photography and humanized the consequences of the Great Depression.
6. Walther Stampfli, Swiss lawyer and politician, 50th President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1884) deaths
  1. Walther Stampfli
    
    Walther Stampfli was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1940–1947).
  2. President of the Swiss Confederation
    
    The president of the Swiss Confederation, also known as the president of the Confederation or colloquially as the president of Switzerland, is the head of Switzerland's seven-member Federal Council, the country's executive branch. Elected by the Federal Assembly for one year, the officeholder chairs the meetings of the Federal Council and undertakes special representational duties.
1964
1. Michael J. Nelson, American actor, director, and screenwriter births
  1. Michael J. Nelson
    
    Michael John Nelson is an American comedian and writer, most known for his work on the television series Mystery Science Theater 3000 (MST3K). Nelson was the head writer of the series for most of the show's original eleven-year run, and spent half of that time as the on-air host, also named Mike Nelson. In addition to writing books, Nelson is currently part of the online movie riffing site RiffTrax, and was previously part of the straight-to-DVD Film Crew with fellow MST3K alumni, Bill Corbett and Kevin Murphy.
1963
1. Marcus Graham, Australian actor births
  1. Marcus Graham
    
    Marcus Graham is an Australian film, television and stage actor and director, with roles including Mulholland Drive and Josh Jarman. He was known as a teenage heartthrob in the early 1990s while starring in the Australian TV soap E Street as the character Stanley "Wheels" Kovac. He is also known for his role as Harvey Ryan in Home and Away
2. Brian Rice, Scottish footballer and manager births
  1. Brian Rice (footballer)
    
    Brian Rice is a Scottish football coach and former player, who is currently the manager of Alloa Athletic.
3. Ronny Rosenthal, Israeli footballer births
  1. Ronny Rosenthal
    
    Ronny Rosenthal, nicknamed "Rocket Ronny", is an Israeli former footballer who played as a forward.
4. Jean Cocteau, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1889) deaths
  1. Jean Cocteau
    
    Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau was a French poet, playwright, novelist, designer, filmmaker, visual artist and critic. He was one of the foremost creatives of the surrealist, avant-garde, and Dadaist movements; and one of the most influential figures in early 20th-century art as a whole. The National Observer suggested that, “of the artistic generation whose daring gave birth to Twentieth Century Art, Cocteau came closest to being a Renaissance man.”
1962
1. Joan Cusack, American actress births
  1. Joan Cusack
    
    Joan Mary Cusack is an American actress. She received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles in the comedy-drama Working Girl (1988) and the romantic comedy In & Out (1997). Her other starring roles include those in Addams Family Values (1993), In & Out (1997), Runaway Bride (1999), School of Rock (2003), and Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009). She has also provided the voice of Jessie in the Toy Story franchise (1999–present) and Abby Mallard in Chicken Little (2005).
2. Andy McCoy, Finnish musician births
  1. Andy McCoy
    
    Antti Hulkko, better known as Andy McCoy, is a Finnish musician. He is best known for his role as the lead guitarist and main songwriter of the rock band Hanoi Rocks, but has also played with Iggy Pop and a variety of other groups. McCoy's works cover a wide range of music genres, including rock 'n' roll, punk rock, flamenco, glam punk, glam rock, blues rock and hard rock. He is also an avid painter.
1961
1. Neil Buchanan, English guitarist births
  1. Neil Buchanan
    
    Neil Buchanan is a retired English television presenter, photographer, artist, and musician. He presented the CITV programme Art Attack, a television program that he co-created, during its original run from 1990 to 2007. He also presented Finders Keepers (1991–1996) and It's a Mystery (1996–2000), and produced and appeared in ZZZap! as Smart Arty (1993–1998).
2. Steve Young, American football player and sportscaster births
  1. Steve Young
    
    Jon Steven Young is an American former professional football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 15 seasons, primarily with the San Francisco 49ers. He also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Prior to his NFL career, he was a member of the Los Angeles Express in the United States Football League (USFL) for two seasons. Young played college football for Brigham Young University (BYU), setting school and NCAA records en route to being runner-up for the 1983 Heisman Trophy.
3. Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Chico Marx
    
    Leonard Joseph "Chico" Marx was an American comedian, actor and pianist. He was the oldest brother in the Marx Brothers comedy troupe, alongside his brothers Adolph ("Harpo"), Julius ("Groucho"), Milton ("Gummo") and Herbert ("Zeppo"). His persona in the act was that of a charming, uneducated but crafty con artist, seemingly of rural Italian origin, who wore shabby clothes and sported a curly-haired wig and Tyrolean hat. On screen, Chico is often in alliance with Harpo, usually as partners in crime, and is also frequently seen trying to con or outfox Groucho. Leonard was the oldest of the Marx Brothers to live past early childhood. In addition to his work as a performer, he played an important role in the management and development of the act in its early years.
1960
1. Randy Breuer, American basketball player births
  1. Randy Breuer
    
    Randall W. Breuer is a retired American professional basketball player who was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks in the first round of the 1983 NBA draft. A 7'3" center from the University of Minnesota, Breuer played in 11 NBA seasons from 1983 to 1994. He played for the Bucks, Minnesota Timberwolves, Atlanta Hawks and Sacramento Kings.
2. Nicola Bryant, English actress births
  1. Nicola Bryant
    
    Nicola Jane Bryant is an English actress known for her roles as Peri Brown, a companion to both the Fifth and Sixth Doctors in the BBC science fiction television series Doctor Who, from 1984 to 1986 and as Martine Johnson the dance teacher in the school drama series The Biz from 1995 to 1997. She also played Miss Brown in The Stranger film series and Lana in Star Trek Continues.
3. Curt Ford, American baseball player and manager births
  1. Curt Ford
    
    Curtis Glenn Ford, is an American former professional baseball outfielder, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies, from 1985 through 1990.
4. Gábor Pölöskei, Hungarian footballer and manager births
  1. Gábor Pölöskei
    
    Gábor Pölöskei is a retired Hungarian football player and current manager.
5. Richard Cromwell, American actor (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Richard Cromwell (actor)
    
    Richard Cromwell also known as Roy Radabaugh, was an American actor. His career was at its pinnacle with his work in Jezebel (1938) with Bette Davis and Henry Fonda and again with Fonda in John Ford's Young Mr. Lincoln (1939). Cromwell's fame was perhaps first assured in The Lives of a Bengal Lancer (1935), sharing top billing with Gary Cooper and Franchot Tone.
1959
1. Wayne Gardner, Australian motorcycle racer births
  1. Wayne Gardner
    
    Wayne Michael Gardner is an Australian former professional Grand Prix motorcycle and touring car racer. His most notable achievement was winning the 1987 500 cc Motorcycle World Championship, becoming the first Australian to win motorcycling's premier class. His success on the world motorcycle road racing circuit earned him the nickname The Wollongong Whiz. Both of Gardner's sons, Remy and Luca, are motorcycle racers.
2. Allan Little, Scottish journalist and author births
  1. Allan Little
    
    James Allan Stuart Little is a former BBC researcher, reporter and, latterly, special correspondent. He left the BBC at the end of 2014, "to pursue other projects".
1958
1. Maurice de Vlaminck, French painter (b. 1876) deaths
  1. Maurice de Vlaminck
    
    Maurice de Vlaminck was a French painter. Along with André Derain and Henri Matisse, he is considered one of the principal figures in the Fauve movement, a group of modern artists who from 1904 to 1908 were united in their use of intense colour. Vlaminck was one of the Fauves at the controversial Salon d'Automne exhibition of 1905.
1957
1. Francky Dury, Belgian footballer and manager births
  1. Francky Dury
    
    Francky Dury is a Belgian football manager. He is unemployed after most recently managing Zulte Waregem, the team he coached for almost 20 years in total.
2. Dawn French, Welsh-English actress, comedian and screenwriter births
  1. Dawn French
    
    Dawn Roma French is a British actress, comedian, presenter and writer. French is known for writing and starring on the BBC comedy sketch show French and Saunders with her best friend and comedy partner, Jennifer Saunders, and played the lead role as Geraldine Granger in the BBC sitcom The Vicar of Dibley. She has been nominated for seven BAFTA TV Awards and won a BAFTA Fellowship with Saunders in 2009.
1956
1. Nicanor Duarte, Paraguayan lawyer and politician, President of Paraguay births
  1. Nicanor Duarte
    
    Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos is a Paraguayan politician who served as President of Paraguay from 2003 to 2008. In 2013, President Horacio Cartes appointed Duarte as Ambassador to Argentina, a diplomatic posting he held from 2013 until 2016. Duarte currently holds the title of Senator for life.
  2. President of Paraguay
    
    The president of Paraguay, officially known as the President of the Republic of Paraguay, is according to the Constitution of Paraguay the head of the executive branch of the Government of Paraguay, both head of state and head of government. His honorific title is Su Excelencia.
2. Derek Ringer, Scottish race car driver births
  1. Derek Ringer
    
    Derek Ringer is a Scottish rally co-driver. He is most closely associated with Colin McRae, with whom he won the 1995 World Rally Championship.
1955
1. Norm Nixon, American basketball player and sportscaster births
  1. Norm Nixon
    
    Norman Ellard Nixon is an American former professional basketball player who played for the Los Angeles Lakers and the San Diego/Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He also played with Scavolini Pesaro in Italy. Nicknamed "Stormin' Norman", he is a two-time NBA All-Star. He won two NBA championships with the Lakers in 1980 and 1982, at the beginning of their Showtime era.
1954
1. David Michaels, American epidemiologist and politician births
  1. David Michaels (epidemiologist)
    
    David Michaels is an American epidemiologist and professor in the Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health and Epidemiology at the Milken Institute School of Public Health of the George Washington University. He held high-level public health positions in the administrations of Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton.
2. Vojislav Šešelj, Serbian lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia births
  1. Vojislav Šešelj
    
    Vojislav Šešelj is a Serbian politician, founder and president of the far-right Serbian Radical Party (SRS); he was convicted of war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Between 1998 and 2000, he served as the deputy prime minister of Serbia.
  2. Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia
    
    The Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia, is the official Deputy of the Prime Minister of Serbia.
1953
1. David Morse, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. David Morse
    
    David Bowditch Morse is an American actor, singer, television director, and writer. He first came to national attention as Dr. Jack "Boomer" Morrison in the medical drama series St. Elsewhere (1982–88). His film career has included roles in The Negotiator, Contact, The Green Mile, Dancer in the Dark, Disturbia, The Long Kiss Goodnight, The Rock and 12 Monkeys.
1952
1. Paulette Carlson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Paulette Carlson
    
    Paulette Tenae Carlson is an American country singer-songwriter, who rose to fame in the 1980s as the founder and lead vocalist for the country band Highway 101. With Highway 101, she charted four No. 1 hit singles, seven Top 10 hits and won two Country Music Association Awards. As a solo artist, she has charted five times on Hot Country Songs and recorded three studio albums. Her most successful solo single is "I'll Start with You", which peaked at number 21 in 1991. Carlson continues to tour and record new music as a solo artist.
1951
1. Bruce Bartlett, American economist, historian, and author births
  1. Bruce Bartlett
    
    Bruce Reeves Bartlett is an American historian and author. He served as a domestic policy adviser to Ronald Reagan and as a Treasury official under George H. W. Bush. Bartlett also writes for the New York Times Economix blog.
2. Jean-Jacques Goldman, French singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Jean-Jacques Goldman
    
    Jean-Jacques Goldman is a French singer-songwriter and music record producer. He is hugely popular in the French-speaking world. Since the death of Johnny Hallyday in 2017 he has been the highest grossing living French pop rock act. Born in Paris and active in the music scene since 1975, he had a highly successful solo career in the 1980s, and was part of the trio Fredericks Goldman Jones, releasing another string of hits in the 1990s.
3. Jon Miller, American sportscaster births
  1. Jon Miller
    
    Jon Miller is an American sportscaster, known primarily for his broadcasts of Major League Baseball. Since 1997 he has been employed as a play-by-play announcer for the San Francisco Giants. He was also a baseball announcer for ESPN from 1990 to 2010. Miller received the Ford C. Frick Award from the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2010.
4. Louise Rennison, English author and comedian (d. 2016) births
  1. Louise Rennison
    
    Louise Rennison was an English author and comedian who wrote the Confessions of Georgia Nicolson series for teenage girls. The series records the exploits of a teenage girl, Georgia Nicolson, and her best friends, the Ace Gang. Her first and second novels, Angus, Thongs and Full-Frontal Snogging and It's OK, I'm Wearing Really Big Knickers were portrayed in a film adaptation called Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging. She also wrote a series of books about Georgia's younger cousin, The Misadventures of Tallulah Casey.
5. Charles Shyer, American director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Charles Shyer
    
    Charles Richard Shyer is an American film director, screenwriter and producer. Shyer's films are predominantly comedies, often with a romantic-comedy overtone. His films include Private Benjamin (1980), Irreconcilable Differences (1984), Baby Boom (1987), Father of the Bride (1991), and Father of the Bride Part II (1995), The Parent Trap (1998), The Affair of the Necklace (2001), Alfie (2004), and Ieri, Oggi Domani (2012).
1950
1. William R. Forstchen, American historian and author births
  1. William R. Forstchen
    
    William R. Forstchen is an American historian and author. A Professor of History and Faculty Fellow at Montreat College, in Montreat, North Carolina, he received his doctorate from Purdue University.
2. Amos Gitai, Israeli director, producer, and author births
  1. Amos Gitai
    
    Amos Gitai is an Israeli filmmaker, who was trained as an architect.
3. Patty Murray, American educator and politician births
  1. Patty Murray
    
    Patricia Lynn Murray is an American politician who is the senior United States senator from Washington since 1993. A member of the Democratic Party, Murray was in the Washington State Senate from 1988 to 1992. She was Washington's first female U.S. senator and is expected to assume the role of Senate President pro tempore in the 118th Congress, becoming the first woman in American history to hold the position.
1949
1. Henry Luke Orombi, Ugandan archbishop births
  1. Henry Luke Orombi
    
    Henry Luke Orombi in Pakwach, North Western Uganda, is a Ugandan Anglican bishop. He served as Archbishop of Uganda and Bishop of Kampala from 2004 until his retirement in December 2012, two years earlier than expected. He was succeeded as Archbishop by Stanley Ntagali, who was consecrated in December 2012. Orombi served as Bishop of the Diocese of Kampala, which is the fixed episcopal see of the Archbishop, but unlike many other fixed metropolitical sees, the incumbent is not officially known as "Archbishop of Kampala", but bears the longer compound title "Archbishop of Uganda and Bishop of Kampala".
2. Lawrence Tanter, American basketball player and sportscaster births
  1. Lawrence Tanter
    
    Lawrence Tanter is an American public address announcer best known for his work for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association. In addition, Tanter was also the program director for public jazz radio station KKJZ.
1948
1. David Rendall, English tenor and actor births
  1. David Rendall
    
    David Rendall is an English operatic tenor.
2. Peter Turkson, Ghanaian cardinal births
  1. Peter Turkson
    
    Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson is a Ghanaian prelate and cardinal of the Catholic Church who has served as chancellor of the Pontifical Academies of Sciences since 2022. He was president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace from 2009 to 2017 and the inaugural prefect of the Dicastery for the Promotion of Integral Human Development from 2017 to 2021.
1947
1. Thomas Boswell, American journalist and author births
  1. Thomas Boswell
    
    Thomas M. Boswell is a retired American sports columnist.
2. Lucas Papademos, Greek economist and politician, 183rd Prime Minister of Greece births
  1. Lucas Papademos
    
    Lucas Demetrios Papademos is a Greek economist and academic who served as 12th Prime Minister of Greece from November 2011 to May 2012, leading a national unity government in the wake of the Greek debt crisis. A technocrat, he previously served as Vice-President of the European Central Bank from 2002 to 2010 and Governor of the Bank of Greece from 1994 to 2002.
  2. Prime Minister of Greece
    
    The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic, colloquially referred to as the prime minister of Greece, is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek Cabinet. The incumbent prime minister is Kyriakos Mitsotakis, who took office on 8 July 2019 from Alexis Tsipras.
3. Alan Pascoe, English hurdler births
  1. Alan Pascoe
    
    Alan Peter Pascoe is a British former athlete who gained success in hurdles. After his athletics career, he has been successful in events marketing and consulting.
1946
1. Elinor Goodman, English journalist births
  1. Elinor Goodman
    
    Elinor Mary Goodman is a UK journalist, best known as political editor of Channel 4 News from 1988 to 2005. She was educated at the Manor House School, an independent school in Surrey, England.
2. Daryl Hall, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Daryl Hall
    
    Daryl Franklin Hohl, known professionally as Daryl Hall, is an American rock, R&B and soul singer and musician, best known as the co-founder and principal lead vocalist of Daryl Hall and John Oates. Outside of his work in Hall & Oates, he has also released five solo albums, including the 1980 progressive rock collaboration with guitarist Robert Fripp titled Sacred Songs and the 1986 album Three Hearts in the Happy Ending Machine, which provided his best selling single, "Dreamtime", that peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100. He has also collaborated on numerous works by other artists, such as Fripp's 1979 release Exposure, and Dusty Springfield's 1995 album A Very Fine Love, which produced a UK Top 40 hit with "Wherever Would I Be". Since late 2007, he has hosted the streaming television series Live from Daryl's House, in which he performs alongside other artists, doing a mix of songs from each's catalog. The show has been rebroadcast on a number of cable and satellite channels as well.
3. Sawao Katō, Japanese gymnast births
  1. Sawao Katō
    
    Sawao Katō is a Japanese former gymnast and one of the most successful Olympic athletes of all time. Between 1968 and 1976 he won twelve Olympic medals, including eight gold medals.
1945
1. Andrew Logan, English sculptor and painter births
  1. Andrew Logan (sculptor)
    
    Andrew Logan is an English sculptor, performance artist, jewellery-maker, and portraitist.
1944
1. Rodney Marsh, English footballer, manager, and sportscaster births
  1. Rodney Marsh
    
    Rodney William Marsh is an English former footballer and football coach; he later worked as a broadcaster. A forward, he won nine caps for England between 1971 and 1973, scoring one international goal.
1943
1. Keith Boyce, Barbadian cricketer (d. 1996) births
  1. Keith Boyce
    
    Keith David Boyce was a cricketer who played 21 Tests and 8 One Day Internationals for the West Indies between 1971 and 1976. He died from the effects of chronic cirrhosis of the liver, while sitting in a chair at a pharmacist's in Speightstown, Barbados, on his birthday on 11 October 1996.
2. Michael Harloe, English sociologist and academic births
  1. Michael Harloe
    
    Professor Michael Harloe was the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Salford between 1997 and 2009, and is a social scientist who has worked for many years on issues of urban and regional development.
3. John Nettles, English actor and writer births
  1. John Nettles
    
    John Vivian Drummond Nettles, OBE, is an English actor and author. He is best known for his starring roles as detectives in the crime drama television series Bergerac (1981–1991) in the title role, and Midsomer Murders (1997–2011) as Detective Inspector Tom Barnaby. He has also narrated several television series.
4. Ilmar Reepalu, Swedish lawyer and politician births
  1. Ilmar Reepalu
    
    Ilmar Reepalu is an Estonian-born Swedish Social Democrat politician who was the 17th chairman of the municipal board in Malmö from 1994 to 2013.
5. Gene Watson, American singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. Gene Watson
    
    Gary Gene Watson is an American country music singer. He is most famous for his 1975 hit "Love in the Hot Afternoon," his 1981 No. 1 hit "Fourteen Carat Mind," and his signature 1979 song "Farewell Party." Watson's long career has included five number one hits, 21 top tens, and 48 charted singles.
1942
1. Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, Welsh academic and politician births
  1. Richard Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton
    
    Richard Thomas James Wilson, Baron Wilson of Dinton, is a crossbench member of the British House of Lords and former Cabinet Secretary.
2. Amitabh Bachchan, Indian film actor, producer, television host, and former politician births
  1. Amitabh Bachchan
    
    Amitabh Bachchan is an Indian actor, film producer, television host, occasional playback singer and former politician known for his work in Hindi cinema. He is regarded as one of the most successful and influential actors in the history of Indian cinema. Referred to as the Shahenshah of Bollywood, Sadi ka Mahanayak, Star of the Millennium, or Big B. During the 1970s–1980s, he was the most dominant actor in the Indian movie scene; the French director François Truffaut called him a "one-man industry."
1941
1. Lester Bowie, American trumpet player and composer (d. 1999) births
  1. Lester Bowie
    
    Lester Bowie was an American jazz trumpet player and composer. He was a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and co-founded the Art Ensemble of Chicago.
2. Heinrich Gutkin, Estonian businessman and politician (b. 1879) deaths
  1. Heinrich Gutkin
    
    Heinrich Gutkin was a trader and the Estonian National Assembly member.
3. Mihkel Pung, Estonian politician, 11th Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1876) deaths
  1. Mihkel Pung
    
    Mihkel Pung was an Estonian politician and a former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia and Speaker of the National Council from 21 April 1938 to 5 July 1940. Pung was Minister of Finance in 1931. He was arrested during the Soviet invasion of Estonia and sent to Sevurallag, a Soviet gulag in Sverdlovsk Oblast. He died in imprisonment in 1941.
  2. Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)
    
    The Minister of Foreign Affairs is the senior minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Estonian Government. The Minister is one of the most important members of the Estonian government, with responsibility for the relations between Estonia and foreign states.
1940
1. Lucy Morgan, American newspaper reporter births
  1. Lucy Morgan
    
    Lucy Morgan is a long-time reporter and editorialist at the Tampa Bay Times.
2. Vito Volterra, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1860) deaths
  1. Vito Volterra
    
    Vito Volterra was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations, being one of the founders of functional analysis.
1939
1. Maria Bueno, Brazilian tennis player (d. 2018) births
  1. Maria Bueno
    
    Maria Esther Andion Bueno was a Brazilian professional tennis player. During her 11-year career in the 1950s and 1960s, she won 19 Grand Slam titles, making her the most successful South American female tennis player in history, and the only one to ever win Wimbledon. Bueno was the year-end number-one ranked female player in 1959 and 1960 and was known for her graceful style of play.
2. Austin Currie, Northern Irish lawyer and SDLP politician births
  1. Austin Currie
    
    Joseph Austin Currie was an Irish politician who served as a Minister of State for Justice with responsibility for Children's Rights from 1994 to 1997. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin West constituency from 1989 to 2002, representing Fine Gael, and as a Member of the Parliament of Northern Ireland (MP) for East Tyrone from 1964 to 1972, representing the Nationalist Party and later the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP).
  2. Social Democratic and Labour Party
    
    The Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) is a social-democratic and Irish nationalist political party in Northern Ireland. The SDLP currently has eight members in the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLAs) and two Members of Parliament (MPs) in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.
1938
1. Michael Stear, English air marshal (d. 2020) births
  1. Michael Stear
    
    Air Chief Marshal Sir Michael James Douglas Stear, was a senior commander of the Royal Air Force (RAF). He served as Deputy Commander in Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe from 1992 to 1996.
1937
1. Bobby Charlton, English footballer and manager births
  1. Bobby Charlton
    
    Sir Robert Charlton is an English former footballer who played either as a midfielder or a forward. Considered one of the greatest players of all time, he was a member of the England team that won the 1966 FIFA World Cup, the year he also won the Ballon d'Or. He finished second in the Ballon d'Or in 1967 and 1968. He played almost all of his club football at Manchester United, where he became renowned for his attacking instincts, his passing abilities from midfield and his ferocious long-range shot, as well as his fitness and stamina. He was cautioned only twice in his career; once against Argentina in the 1966 World Cup, and once in a league match against Chelsea. His elder brother Jack, who was also in the World Cup-winning team, was a former defender for Leeds United and international manager.
2. R. H. W. Dillard, American poet, author, and critic births
  1. R. H. W. Dillard
    
    Richard Henry Wilde Dillard is an American poet, author, critic, and translator.
3. Ron Leibman, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2019) births
  1. Ron Leibman
    
    Ron Leibman was an American actor. He won both the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play in 1993 for his performance as Roy Cohn in Angels in America. Leibman also won a Primetime Emmy Award in 1979 for his role as Martin 'Kaz' Kazinsky in his short-lived crime drama series Kaz.
1936
1. C. Gordon Fullerton, American colonel, engineer, and astronaut (d. 2013) births
  1. C. Gordon Fullerton
    
    Charles Gordon Fullerton was a United States Air Force colonel, a USAF and NASA astronaut, and a research pilot at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, California. His assignments included a variety of flight research and support activities piloting NASA's B-52 launch aircraft, the Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA), and other multi-engine and high performance aircraft.
2. Billy Higgins, American drummer and educator (d. 2001) births
  1. Billy Higgins
    
    Billy Higgins was an American jazz drummer. He played mainly free jazz and hard bop.
3. James M. McPherson, American historian and author births
  1. James M. McPherson
    
    James Munro McPherson is an American Civil War historian, and is the George Henry Davis '86 Professor Emeritus of United States History at Princeton University. He received the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. McPherson was the president of the American Historical Association in 2003.
1935
1. Dan Evins, American businessman, founded Cracker Barrel Old Country Store (d. 2012) births
  1. Dan Evins
    
    Danny Wood Evins was an American entrepreneur and co-founder of Cracker Barrel, a Southern-themed restaurant chain.
  2. Cracker Barrel
    
    Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc., doing business as simply Cracker Barrel, is an American chain of restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969. Its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee; the corporate offices are located at a different facility in the same city. The chain's stores were at first positioned near Interstate Highway exits in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, but expanded across the country during the 1990s and 2000s. As of September 16, 2020, the chain operates 663 stores in 45 states.
2. Daniel Quinn, American author and environmentalist (d. 2018) births
  1. Daniel Quinn
    
    Daniel Clarence Quinn was an American author, cultural critic, and publisher of educational texts, best known for his novel Ishmael, which won the Turner Tomorrow Fellowship Award in 1991 and was published the following year. Quinn's ideas are popularly associated with environmentalism, though he criticized this term for portraying the environment as separate from human life, thus creating a false dichotomy. Instead, Quinn referred to his philosophy as "new tribalism".
3. Steele Rudd, Australian author (b. 1868) deaths
  1. Steele Rudd
    
    Steele Rudd was the pen name of Arthur Hoey Davis an Australian author, best known for his short story collection On Our Selection.
1932
1. Saul Friedländer, Israeli historian and author births
  1. Saul Friedländer
    
    Saul Friedländer is a Czech-Jewish-born historian and a professor emeritus of history at UCLA.
2. Barry Jones, Australian lawyer and politician births
  1. Barry Jones (Australian politician)
    
    Barry Owen Jones,, is an Australian polymath, writer, teacher, lawyer, social activist, quiz champion and former politician. He campaigned against the death penalty throughout the 1960s, particularly against the execution of Ronald Ryan. He is on the National Trust's list of Australian Living Treasures.
3. Dottie West, American singer-songwriter and actress (d. 1991) births
  1. Dottie West
    
    Dorothy Marie Marsh West was an American country music singer and songwriter. Along with her friends and fellow recording artists Patsy Cline and Loretta Lynn, she is considered one of the genre's most influential and groundbreaking female artists. West's career started in the 1960s, with her top-10 hit, "Here Comes My Baby Back Again", which won her a Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance in 1965, the first woman in country music to receive a Grammy.
4. William Alden Smith, American lawyer and politician (b. 1859) deaths
  1. William Alden Smith
    
    William Alden Smith was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan. After the 1912 sinking of the Titanic, Smith chaired the Senate hearings into the disaster. The audience was somewhat amused at his questions, which appeared to reveal great ignorance of the shipping world, though he claimed he was seeking simple answers for the benefit of the public. His report led to major reforms in maritime safety.
1930
1. Michael Edwardes, South African-English businessman (d. 2019) births
  1. Michael Edwardes
    
    Sir Michael Owen Edwardes was a British-South African business executive who held chairmanships at several companies including motor manufacturer British Leyland.
2. LaVell Edwards, American football player and coach (d. 2016) births
  1. LaVell Edwards
    
    Reuben LaVell Edwards was an American football head coach for Brigham Young University (BYU). With 257 career victories, he ranks as one of the most successful college football coaches of all time. Among his many notable accomplishments, Edwards guided BYU to a national championship in 1984 and coached Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer in 1990.
3. Sam Johnson, American colonel and politician (d. 2020) births
  1. Sam Johnson
    
    Samuel Robert Johnson was an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Texas's 3rd congressional district in Congress from 1991 to 2019. He was a member of the Republican Party. In October and November 2015, he was the acting Chairman of the House Committee on Ways and Means, where he also served as chairman of the Social Security Subcommittee.
1929
1. Curtis Amy, American saxophonist and clarinetist (d. 2002) births
  1. Curtis Amy
    
    Curtis Amy was an American jazz saxophonist.
1928
1. Alfonso de Portago, Spanish race car driver and bobsledder (d. 1957) births
  1. Alfonso de Portago
    
    Alfonso Cabeza de Vaca y Leighton, 11th Marquess of Portago, GE, best known as Alfonso de Portago, was a Spanish aristocrat, racing and bobsleigh driver, jockey and pilot.
2. Roscoe Robinson, Jr., American general (d. 1993) births
  1. Roscoe Robinson Jr.
    
    Roscoe Robinson Jr. was the first African American to become a four-star general in the United States Army. He served as the United States representative to the NATO Military Committee. Robinson previously served as commanding general of the 82nd Airborne Division and then of United States Army, Japan.
3. Geoffrey Tordoff, Baron Tordoff, English businessman and politician (d. 2019) births
  1. Geoffrey Tordoff, Baron Tordoff
    
    Geoffrey Johnson Tordoff, Baron Tordoff was a British businessman and politician.
1927
1. Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium (d. 2005) births
  1. Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium
    
    Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium, was the Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg as the wife of Grand Duke Jean. She was the first child of King Leopold III of Belgium, and sister of the late King Baudouin and former King Albert II and aunt of King Philippe. She was also the first cousin of King Harald V of Norway and a maternal third cousin of Queen Elizabeth II.
2. Jim Prior, Baron Prior, English soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (d. 2016) births
  1. Jim Prior
    
    James Michael Leathes Prior, Baron Prior, was a British Conservative Party politician. A Member of Parliament from 1959 to 1987, he represented the Suffolk constituency of Lowestoft until 1983 and then the renamed constituency of Waveney from 1983 to 1987, when he stood down from the House of Commons and was made a life peer. He served in two Conservative cabinets, and outside parliament was Chairman of the Arab British Chamber of Commerce from 1996 to 2004.
  2. Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
    
    The secretary of state for Northern Ireland, also referred to as the Northern Ireland secretary or SoSNI, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the Northern Ireland Office. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom, 17th in the ministerial ranking.
1926
1. Jean Alexander, English actress (d. 2016) births
  1. Jean Alexander
    
    Jean Margaret Hodgkinson, known by the stage name Jean Alexander, was a British television actress. She was best known to television viewers for her long running role of Hilda Ogden in the soap opera Coronation Street, a role she played from 1964 until 1987, and also as Auntie Wainwright in the long-running sitcom Last of the Summer Wine from 1988 to 2010. For her role in Coronation Street, she won the 1985 Royal Television Society Award for Best Performance, and received a 1988 BAFTA TV Award nomination for Best Actress.
2. Yvon Dupuis, Canadian politician (d. 2017) births
  1. Yvon Dupuis
    
    Yvon Dupuis, was a Canadian politician.
3. Thích Nhất Hạnh, Vietnamese monk, author, and poet (d. 2022) births
  1. Thích Nhất Hạnh
    
    Thích Nhất Hạnh was a Vietnamese Thiền Buddhist monk, peace activist, prolific author, poet and teacher, who founded the Plum Village Tradition, historically recognized as the main inspiration for engaged Buddhism. Known as the "father of mindfulness", Nhất Hạnh was a major influence on Western practices of Buddhism.
4. Earle Hyman, American actor (d. 2017) births
  1. Earle Hyman
    
    Earle Hyman was an American stage, television, and film actor. Hyman is known for his role on ThunderCats as the voice of Panthro and various other characters. He also appeared on The Cosby Show as Cliff's father, Russell Huxtable. Singer Phyllis Hyman was his cousin.
5. Neville Wran, Australian lawyer and politician, 35th Premier of New South Wales (d. 2014) births
  1. Neville Wran
    
    Neville Kenneth Wran, was an Australian politician who was the Premier of New South Wales from 1976 to 1986. He was the national president of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) from 1980 to 1986 and chairman of both the Lionel Murphy Foundation and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) from 1986 to 1991.
  2. Premier of New South Wales
    
    The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.
1925
1. Elmore Leonard, American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter (d. 2013) births
  1. Elmore Leonard
    
    Elmore John Leonard Jr. was an American novelist, short story writer, and screenwriter. His earliest novels, published in the 1950s, were Westerns, but he went on to specialize in crime fiction and suspense thrillers, many of which have been adapted into motion pictures.
1924
1. André Emmerich, German-American art dealer (d. 2007) births
  1. André Emmerich
    
    André Emmerich was a German-born American gallerist who specialized in the color field school and pre-Columbian art while also taking on artists such as David Hockney and John D. Graham.
2. Sammy McCrory, Northern Irish footballer (d. 2011) births
  1. Sammy McCrory
    
    Samuel McKee McCrory was a professional footballer from Northern Ireland, most notably spending five years with Southend United and scoring the first goal at their Roots Hall stadium.
3. Mal Whitfield, American athlete (d. 2015) births
  1. Mal Whitfield
    
    Malvin Greston Whitfield was an American athlete, goodwill ambassador, and airman. Nicknamed "Marvelous Mal", he was the Olympic champion in the 800 meters at the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics, and a member of the 1948 gold medal team in the 4 × 400 meters relay. Overall, Whitfield was a five-time Olympic medalist. After his competitive career, he worked for 47 years as a coach, goodwill ambassador, as well as an athletic mentor in Africa on behalf of the United States Information Service.
1922
1. G. C. Edmondson, American soldier and author (d. 1995) births
  1. G. C. Edmondson
    
    G. C. Edmondson was the working name of science fiction author Garry Edmonson. According to the obituary published in Locus Magazine, Edmondson was born in Rachauchitlán, Tabasco, Mexico. During World War II he served as a U. S. Marine.
1919
1. Art Blakey, American drummer and bandleader (d. 1990) births
  1. Art Blakey
    
    Arthur Blakey was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He was also known as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina after he converted to Islam for a short time in the late 1940s.
2. Douglas Albert Munro, United States Coast Guard signalman, posthumously awarded Medal of Honor (d. 1942) births
  1. Douglas Albert Munro
    
    Douglas Albert Munro was a United States Coast Guardsman who was posthumously decorated with the Medal of Honor for an act of "extraordinary heroism" during World War II. He is the only person to have received the medal for actions performed during service in the Coast Guard.
  2. Medal of Honor
    
    The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the president of the United States, but as it is presented "in the name of the United States Congress", it is sometimes erroneously referred to as the "Congressional Medal of Honor".
1918
1. Fred Bodsworth, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2012) births
  1. Fred Bodsworth
    
    Charles Frederick (Fred) Bodsworth was a Canadian writer, journalist and amateur naturalist.
2. Jerome Robbins, American director, producer, and choreographer (d. 1998) births
  1. Jerome Robbins
    
    Jerome Robbins was an American dancer, choreographer, film director, theatre director and producer who worked in classical ballet, on stage, film, and television.
1916
1. Nanaji Deshmukh, Indian educator and activist (d. 2010) births
  1. Nanaji Deshmukh
    
    Chandikadas Amritrao Deshmukh, better known as Nanaji Deshmukh, was a social reformer and politician from India. He worked in the fields of education, health, and rural self-reliance. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award in 2019 by Government of India. He was a leader of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh and also a member of the Rajya Sabha.
2. Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar, Saudi Arabian writer and journalist (d. 1991) births
  1. Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur Attar
    
    Ahmad Abd al-Ghafur ‎Attar was a Saudi Arabian writer, journalist and poet, best known for his works about 20th-century Islamic challenges. Born in Mecca, capital city of Hejazi Hashemite Kingdom into a family of Bengali descent. He received a basic education and graduated from the Saudi Scientific Institute in 1937, took a scholarship for higher studies in Cairo University, then returned to his country and worked in some government offices before devoting himself to literature and research. ‎Attar wrote many works about Arabic linguistic and Islamic studies, and gained fame as a Muslim apologist, Anti-communist and Zionism, he who believed in flexibility of Islamic jurisprudence for modern era. Praised by Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad, he was also noted for his defense of Modern Standard Arabic against colloquial or spoken Arabic. In the 1960s, he established the famous Okaz newspaper and then the Kalimat al-Haqq magazine, which lasted only about eight months. He died at the age of 74 in Jeddah.
1915
1. T. Llew Jones, Welsh author and poet (d. 2009) births
  1. T. Llew Jones
    
    Thomas Llewelyn Jones was a Welsh language author. Over a writing career of more than 50 years, he became one of the most prolific and popular authors of children's books in Welsh. He wrote, and was generally known, as T. Llew Jones.
1913
1. Joe Simon, American author and illustrator (d. 2011) births
  1. Joe Simon
    
    Joseph Henry Simon was an American comic book writer, artist, editor, and publisher. Simon created or co-created many important characters in the 1930s–1940s Golden Age of Comic Books and served as the first editor of Timely Comics, the company that would evolve into Marvel Comics.
1911
1. Nello Pagani, Italian motorcycle racer and race car driver (d. 2003) births
  1. Nello Pagani
    
    Cirillo Pagani, nicknamed "Nello", was an Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and Formula One driver. He was born in Milan, Lombardy, and died in Bresso.
1910
1. Cahit Arf, Turkish mathematician and academic (d. 1997) births
  1. Cahit Arf
    
    Cahit Arf was a Turkish mathematician. He is known for the Arf invariant of a quadratic form in characteristic 2 in topology, the Hasse–Arf theorem in ramification theory, Arf semigroups and Arf rings.
1909
1. Sir Ken Anderson, Australian politician (d. 1985) births
  1. Ken Anderson (politician)
    
    Sir Kenneth McColl Anderson, was an Australian politician.
1908
1. Rita Cetina Gutiérrez, Mexican poet, educator, and activist (b. 1846) deaths
  1. Rita Cetina Gutiérrez
    
    Rita Cetina Gutiérrez was a Mexican teacher, poet and feminist who promoted secular education in the nineteenth century in Mérida, Yucatán. She was one of the first feminists and influenced the generation of young women who fueled the first wave of feminism in Mexico.
1905
1. Fred Trump, American real estate entrepreneur (d. 1999) births
  1. Fred Trump
    
    Frederick Christ Trump Sr. was an American real estate developer and businessman. A member of the Trump family, he was the father of Donald Trump, the 45th president of the United States.
1904
1. Mary Tenney Gray, American editorial writer, club-woman, philanthropist, and suffragette (b. 1833) deaths
  1. Mary Tenney Gray
    
    Mary Tenney Gray was a 19th-century American editorial writer, clubwoman, philanthropist, and suffragist from Pennsylvania, who later became a resident of Kansas. She lived in Kansas City, Kansas for more than twenty years and during that time, was identified with almost every woman's movement. She served on the editorial staff of several publications including the New York Teacher, the Leavenworth Home Record, and the Kansas Farmer. Gray's paper on "Women and Kansas City's Development" was awarded the first prize in the competition held by the Women's Auxiliary to the Manufacturers' Association of Kansas City, Missouri.
1902
1. Jayaprakash Narayan, Indian activist and politician (d. 1979) births
  1. Jayaprakash Narayan
    
    Jayaprakash Narayan, popularly referred to as JP or Lok Nayak, was an Indian independence activist, theorist, socialist and political leader. He is remembered for leading the mid-1970s opposition against Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, for whose overthrow he had called for a "total revolution". His biography, Jayaprakash, was written by his nationalist friend and the writer of Hindi literature, Rambriksh Benipuri. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in recognition of his social service. Other awards include the Magsaysay award for Public Service in 1965.
1901
1. Masanobu Tsuji, Japanese colonel and politician (d. 1961) births
  1. Masanobu Tsuji
    
    Masanobu Tsuji was a Japanese army officer and politician. During World War II, he was an important tactical planner in the Imperial Japanese Army and developed the detailed plans for the successful Japanese invasion of Malaya at the start of the war. He also helped plan and lead the final Japanese offensive during the Guadalcanal Campaign.
1899
1. Eddie Dyer, American baseball player and manager (d. 1964) births
  1. Eddie Dyer
    
    Edwin Hawley Dyer was an American left-handed pitcher, manager and farm system official in Major League Baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1922–1944 and 1946–1950. In 1946, Dyer's first season at the helm of the Cardinals, the Redbirds defeated the Brooklyn Dodgers in a thrilling National League season that featured the first postseason playoff in baseball history, then bested the favored Boston Red Sox in a seven-game World Series. He was the second rookie manager to win a World Series and first since Bucky Harris in 1924.
1897
1. Nathan Farragut Twining, American general (d. 1982) births
  1. Nathan F. Twining
    
    Nathan Farragut Twining was a United States Air Force general, born in Monroe, Wisconsin. He was the chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 1953 until 1957, and the third chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1957 to 1960. He was the first member of the Air Force to serve as Chairman. Twining was a distinguished "mustang" officer, rising from private to four-star general and appointment to the highest post in the United States Armed Forces in the course of his 45-year career.
2. Léon Boëllmann, French organist and composer (b. 1862) deaths
  1. Léon Boëllmann
    
    Léon Boëllmann was a French composer, known for a small number of compositions for organ. His best-known composition is Suite gothique (1895), which is a staple of the organ repertoire, especially its concluding Toccata.
1896
1. Roman Jakobson, Russian-American linguist and theorist (d. 1982) births
  1. Roman Jakobson
    
    Roman Osipovich Jakobson was a Russian-American linguist and literary theorist.
2. Edward Benson, English archbishop (b. 1829) deaths
  1. Edward White Benson
    
    Edward White Benson was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1883 until his death. Before this, he was the first Bishop of Truro, serving from 1877 to 1883, and began construction of Truro Cathedral.
3. Anton Bruckner, Austrian organist, composer, and educator (b. 1824) deaths
  1. Anton Bruckner
    
    Josef Anton Bruckner was an Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist best known for his symphonies, masses, Te Deum and motets. The first are considered emblematic of the final stage of Austro-German Romanticism because of their rich harmonic language, strongly polyphonic character, and considerable length. Bruckner's compositions helped to define contemporary musical radicalism, owing to their dissonances, unprepared modulations, and roving harmonies.
1894
1. Julius Kuperjanov, Estonian educator and lieutenant (d. 1919) births
  1. Julius Kuperjanov
    
    Julius Kuperjanov VR I/2, VR II/2 and VR II/3 was an Estonian military officer who was well-known in Estonia for being one of the Liberators of Tartu during the War of Independence and commander of the Tartumaa Partisan Battalion.
1890
1. A. V. Kulasingham, Sri Lankan journalist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1978) births
  1. A. V. Kulasingham
    
    Aiyathurai Varnakulasingham Kulasingham was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, politician, journalist and editor of the Ceylon Daily News and Hindu Organ.
1889
1. James Prescott Joule, English physicist and brewer (b. 1818) deaths
  1. James Prescott Joule
    
    James Prescott Joule was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire. Joule studied the nature of heat, and discovered its relationship to mechanical work. This led to the law of conservation of energy, which in turn led to the development of the first law of thermodynamics. The SI derived unit of energy, the joule, is named after him.
1885
1. François Mauriac, French novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970) births
  1. François Mauriac
    
    François Charles Mauriac was a French novelist, dramatist, critic, poet, and journalist, a member of the Académie française, and laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1952). He was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur in 1958. He was a lifelong Catholic.
  2. Nobel Prize in Literature
    
    The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.
1884
1. Friedrich Bergius, German-Argentinian chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949) births
  1. Friedrich Bergius
    
    Friedrich Karl Rudolf Bergius was a German chemist known for the Bergius process for producing synthetic fuel from coal, Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition of contributions to the invention and development of chemical high-pressure methods. Having worked with IG Farben during World War II, his citizenship came into question following the war, causing him to ultimately flee to Argentina, where he acted as adviser to the Ministry of Industry.
  2. Nobel Prize in Chemistry
    
    The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
2. Eleanor Roosevelt, American humanitarian and politician, 32nd First Lady of the United States (d. 1962) births
  1. Eleanor Roosevelt
    
    Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an American political figure, diplomat, and activist. She was the first lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945, during her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office, making her the longest-serving first lady of the United States. Roosevelt served as United States Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly from 1945 to 1952, and in 1948 she was given a standing ovation by the assembly upon their adoption of the Universal Declaration. President Harry S. Truman later called her the "First Lady of the World" in tribute to her human rights achievements.
  2. First Lady of the United States
    
    The first lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the title held by the hostess of the White House, usually the wife of the president of the United States, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never been codified or officially defined, she figures prominently in the political and social life of the United States. Since the early 20th century, the first lady has been assisted by official staff, now known as the Office of the First Lady and headquartered in the East Wing of the White House.
3. Sig Ruman, German-American actor (d. 1967) births
  1. Sig Ruman
    
    Siegfried Carl Alban Rumann, billed as Sig Ruman and Sig Rumann, was a German-American character actor known for his portrayals of pompous and often stereotypically Teutonic officials or villains in more than 100 films.
1881
1. Hans Kelsen, Czech-American jurist and philosopher (d. 1973) births
  1. Hans Kelsen
    
    Hans Kelsen was an Austrian jurist, legal philosopher and political philosopher. He was the author of the 1920 Austrian Constitution, which to a very large degree is still valid today. Due to the rise of totalitarianism in Austria, Kelsen left for Germany in 1930 but was forced to leave his university post after Hitler's seizure of power in 1933 because of his Jewish ancestry. That year he left for Geneva and later moved to the United States in 1940. In 1934, Roscoe Pound lauded Kelsen as "undoubtedly the leading jurist of the time". While in Vienna, Kelsen met Sigmund Freud and his circle, and wrote on the subject of social psychology and sociology.
1879
1. Ernst Mally, Austrian philosopher and academic (d. 1944) births
  1. Ernst Mally
    
    Ernst Mally was an Austrian analytic philosopher, initially affiliated with Alexius Meinong's Graz School of object theory. Mally was one of the founders of deontic logic and is mainly known for his contributions in that field of research. In metaphysics, he is known for introducing a distinction between two kinds of predication, better known as the dual predication approach.
1872
1. Emily Davison, English educator and activist (d. 1913) births
  1. Emily Davison
    
    Emily Wilding Davison was an English suffragette who fought for votes for women in Britain in the early twentieth century. A member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and a militant fighter for her cause, she was arrested on nine occasions, went on hunger strike seven times and was force-fed on forty-nine occasions. She died after being hit by King George V's horse Anmer at the 1913 Derby when she walked onto the track during the race.
2. Harlan F. Stone, American lawyer and jurist, 12th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946) births
  1. Harlan F. Stone
    
    Harlan Fiske Stone was an American attorney and jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1925 to 1941 and then as the 12th chief justice of the United States from 1941 until his death in 1946. He also served as the U.S. Attorney General from 1924 to 1925 under President Calvin Coolidge, with whom he had attended Amherst College as a young man. His most famous dictum was: "Courts are not the only agency of government that must be assumed to have capacity to govern."
  2. Chief Justice of the United States
    
    The chief justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and the highest-ranking officer of the U.S. federal judiciary. Article II, Section 2, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate, and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate, appoint "Judges of the supreme Court", who serve until they resign, retire, are impeached and convicted, or die. The existence of a chief justice is explicit in Article One, Section 3, Clause 6 which states that the chief justice shall preside on the impeachment trial of the president.
1871
1. Johan Oscar Smith, Norwegian evangelist, founded the Brunstad Christian Church (d. 1943) births
  1. Johan Oscar Smith
    
    Johan Oscar Smith was a Norwegian Christian leader who founded the evangelical non-denominational fellowship now known as Brunstad Christian Church.
  2. Brunstad Christian Church
    
    Brunstad Christian Church (BCC) is a worldwide evangelical non-denominational Christian church. Established in Norway early in the 20th century. It is represented by more than 220 churches in 54 countries. An overview of members per country shows a total of 20,000 members in 2016. As many as two thirds of its members live outside Norway. For many years the group did not have a formal name and was referred to as Smith's Friends, particularly in Norway.
1865
1. Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian philologist and author (d. 1926) births
  1. Hans E. Kinck
    
    Hans Ernst Kinck was a Norwegian author and philologist who wrote novels, short stories, dramas, and essays. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature seven times.
1852
1. Gotthold Eisenstein, German mathematician and academic (b. 1823) deaths
  1. Gotthold Eisenstein
    
    Ferdinand Gotthold Max Eisenstein was a German mathematician. He specialized in number theory and analysis, and proved several results that eluded even Gauss. Like Galois and Abel before him, Eisenstein died before the age of 30. He was born and died in Berlin, Prussia.
1844
1. Henry J. Heinz, American businessman, founded the H. J. Heinz Company (d. 1919) births
  1. Henry J. Heinz
    
    Henry John Heinz was an American entrepreneur of Palatine descent who, at the age of 25, co-founded a small horseradish concern in Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania. This business failed, but his second business expanded into tomato ketchup and other condiments, and ultimately became the internationally known H. J. Heinz Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  2. Heinz
    
    The H. J. Heinz Company is an American food processing company headquartered at One PPG Place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The company was founded by Henry J. Heinz in 1869. Heinz manufactures thousands of food products in plants on six continents, and markets these products in more than 200 countries and territories. The company claims to have 150 number-one or number-two brands worldwide. Heinz ranked first in ketchup in the US with a market share in excess of 50%; the Ore-Ida label held 46% of the frozen potato sector in 2003.
1837
1. Samuel Wesley, English organist and composer (b. 1766) deaths
  1. Samuel Wesley
    
    Samuel Wesley was an English organist and composer in the late Georgian period. Wesley was a contemporary of Mozart (1756–1791) and was called by some "the English Mozart".
1835
1. Theodore Thomas, American conductor, founded the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (d. 1905) births
  1. Theodore Thomas (conductor)
    
    Theodore Thomas was a German-American violinist, conductor, and orchestrator of German birth. He is considered the first renowned American orchestral conductor and was the founder and first music director of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (1891–1905).
  2. Chicago Symphony Orchestra
    
    The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) was founded by Theodore Thomas in 1891. The ensemble makes its home at Orchestra Hall in Chicago and plays a summer season at the Ravinia Festival. The music director is Riccardo Muti, who began his tenure in 2010. The CSO is one of five American orchestras commonly referred to as the "Big Five".
1827
1. Afzal-ud-Daulah, Asaf Jah V, 5th Nizam of Hyderabad births
  1. Afzal-ud-Daulah
    
    Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V Mir Tahniyath Ali Khan Siddiqi was the ruling Nizam of Hyderabad, India, from 1857 to 1869.
  2. Nizam of Hyderabad
    
    The Nizams were the rulers of Hyderabad from the 18th through the 20th century. Nizam of Hyderabad was the title of the monarch of the Hyderabad State. Nizam, shortened from Nizam-ul-Mulk, meaning Administrator of the Realm, was the title inherited by Asaf Jah I. He was the former Naib (suzerain) of the Great Mughal in the Deccan, the premier courtier of Mughal India until 1724, the founding of an independent monarchy as the "Nizam (title) of Hyderabad".
1821
1. George Williams, English philanthropist, founded the YMCA (d. 1905) births
  1. George Williams (philanthropist)
    
    Sir George Williams was an English philanthropist, businessman and founder of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA). The oldest and largest youth charity in the world, its aim is to support young people to belong, contribute and thrive in their communities.
  2. YMCA
    
    YMCA, sometimes regionally called the Y, is a worldwide youth organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 64 million beneficiaries in 120 countries. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams in London, originally as the Young Men's Christian Association, and aims to put Christian values into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit".
2. John Ross Key, American lieutenant, lawyer, and judge (b. 1754) deaths
  1. John Ross Key
    
    John Ross Key was a lawyer, a commissioned officer in the Continental Army, a judge, and the father of writer Francis Scott Key.
1815
1. Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte, Italian-French politician (d. 1881) births
  1. Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte
    
    Prince Pierre-Napoléon Bonaparte was a French nobleman, revolutionary and politician, the son of Lucien Bonaparte and his second wife Alexandrine de Bleschamp. He was a nephew of Napoleon I, Joseph Bonaparte, Elisa Bonaparte, Louis Bonaparte, Pauline Bonaparte, Caroline Bonaparte and Jérôme Bonaparte.
1814
1. Jean-Baptiste Lamy, French-American archbishop (d. 1888) births
  1. Jean-Baptiste Lamy
    
    Jean-Baptiste Lamy, was a French-American Roman Catholic prelate who served as the first Archbishop of Santa Fe, New Mexico. Willa Cather's novel Death Comes for the Archbishop is based on his life and career.
1809
1. Meriwether Lewis, American captain, explorer, and politician, 2nd Governor of Louisiana Territory (b. 1774) deaths
  1. Meriwether Lewis
    
    Meriwether Lewis was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark. Their mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase, establish trade with, and sovereignty over the natives near the Missouri River, and claim the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country for the United States before European nations. They also collected scientific data, and information on indigenous nations. President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806. He died of gunshot wounds in what was either a murder or suicide, in 1809. While the Louisiana Purchase was not made official until July 1803, President Jefferson secretly requested Congress to fund the expedition in January 1803.
  2. List of governors of Missouri
    
    The governor of Missouri is the head of government of the U.S. state of Missouri and the commander-in-chief of the Missouri National Guard. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Missouri Legislature,to convene the legislature and grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment.
1803
1. Gregor von Helmersen, Estonian-Russian general and geologist (d. 1885) births
  1. Gregor von Helmersen
    
    Gregor von Helmersen or Grigory Petrovich Helmersen was a Baltic German geologist.
1793
1. Maria James, Welsh-born American poet, domestic servant (d. 1868) births
  1. Maria James
    
    Maria James was a Welsh-born American poet and domestic servant. Her poetry includes Ode on the Fourth of July 1833. As a child, she emigrated with her family from Wales to New York. She spend most of her life in this state.
1788
1. Simon Sechter, Austrian organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1867) births
  1. Simon Sechter
    
    Simon Sechter was an Austrian music theorist, teacher, organist, conductor and composer. He was one of the most prolific composers who ever lived, although his music is largely forgotten and he is now mainly remembered as a strict music teacher, most notably of Anton Bruckner.
1786
1. Stevenson Archer, American judge and politician (d. 1848) births
  1. Stevenson Archer (1786–1848)
    
    Stevenson Archer was a slave owner, judge, and United States Representative from Maryland, representing the sixth district from 1811 to 1817, and the seventh district from 1819 to 1821. His son Stevenson Archer and father John Archer were also U.S. Congressmen from Maryland.
1779
1. Casimir Pulaski, Polish-American general (b. 1745) deaths
  1. Casimir Pulaski
    
    Kazimierz Michał Władysław Wiktor Pułaski of the Ślepowron coat of arms was a Polish nobleman, soldier, and military commander who has been called, together with his counterpart Michael Kovats de Fabriczy, "the father of the American cavalry."
1778
1. George Bridgetower, British musician and composer (d. 1860) births
  1. George Bridgetower
    
    George Augustus Polgreen Bridgetower was a British musician, of African descent. He was a virtuoso violinist who lived in England for much of his life. His playing impressed Beethoven, who made Bridgetower the original dedicatee of his Kreutzer Sonata after they presented its premiere performance.
1758
1. Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers, German physician and astronomer (d. 1840) births
  1. Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers
    
    Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers was a German physician and astronomer.
1739
1. Grigory Potemkin, Russian general and politician (d. 1791) births
  1. Grigory Potemkin
    
    Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tauricheski, more accurately spelled Grigory Aleksandrovich Potyomkin-Tavricheski, was a Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman, and favourite of Catherine the Great. He died during negotiations over the Treaty of Jassy, which ended a war with the Ottoman Empire that he had overseen.
1738
1. Arthur Phillip, English admiral and politician, 1st Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814) births
  1. Arthur Phillip
    
    Admiral Arthur Phillip was a British Royal Navy officer who served as the first governor of the Colony of New South Wales.
  2. Governor of New South Wales
    
    The governor of New South Wales is the viceregal representative of the Australian monarch, King Charles III, in the state of New South Wales. In an analogous way to the governor-general of Australia at the national level, the governors of the Australian states perform constitutional and ceremonial functions at the state level. The governor is appointed by the king on the advice of the premier of New South Wales, and serves in office for an unfixed period of time—known as serving At His Majesty's pleasure—though five years is the general standard of office term. The current governor is retired jurist Margaret Beazley, who succeeded David Hurley on 2 May 2019.
1725
1. Hans Herr, Swiss-American bishop (b. 1639) deaths
  1. Hans Herr
    
    Hans Herr was born in Zürich, Switzerland. While often cited as a descendant of the knight Hugo Herr, scholarship done in the 20th century has put this claim in doubt. He joined the Swiss Brethren and became a bishop. He was the first Mennonite bishop to emigrate to America.
1721
1. Edward Colston, English merchant and politician (b. 1636) deaths
  1. Edward Colston
    
    Edward Colston was an English merchant, slave trader, philanthropist, and Tory Member of Parliament.
1708
1. Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician, physicist, physician, and philosopher (b. 1651) deaths
  1. Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus
    
    Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus was a German mathematician, physicist, physician, and philosopher. He introduced the Tschirnhaus transformation and is considered by some to have been the inventor of European porcelain, an invention long accredited to Johann Friedrich Böttger but others claim porcelain had been made by English manufacturers at an even earlier date.
1705
1. Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663) deaths
  1. Guillaume Amontons
    
    Guillaume Amontons was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist. He was one of the pioneers in studying the problem of friction, which is the resistance to motion when bodies make contact. He is also known for his work on thermodynamics, the concept of absolute zero, and early engine design.
1698
1. William Molyneux, Irish philosopher and writer (b. 1656) deaths
  1. William Molyneux
    
    William Molyneux FRS was an Irish writer on science, politics and natural philosophy.
1684
1. James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven (b. c. 1617) deaths
  1. James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven
    
    James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven was the son of Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven and his first wife, Elizabeth Barnham. Castlehaven played a prominent role in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms that took place in the middle of the 17th century, and was particularly active in the conflicts in Ireland at this time.
1675
1. Samuel Clarke, English minister and philosopher (d. 1729) births
  1. Samuel Clarke
    
    Samuel Clarke was an English philosopher and Anglican cleric. He is considered the major British figure in philosophy between John Locke and George Berkeley.
1672
1. Pylyp Orlyk, Ukrainian-Romanian diplomat (d. 1742) births
  1. Pylyp Orlyk
    
    Pylyp Stepanovych Orlyk was a Zaporozhian Cossack starshyna, Hetman of Ukraine in exile, diplomat, secretary and close associate of Hetman Ivan Mazepa. He is the author of the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk.
1671
1. Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1730) births
  1. Frederick IV of Denmark
    
    Frederick IV was King of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of Christian V of Denmark-Norway and his wife Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel.
1667
1. Mattias de' Medici, Italian noble (b. 1613) deaths
  1. Mattias de' Medici
    
    Mattias de' Medici was the third son of Grand Duke Cosimo II de' Medici of Tuscany and Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria. He was governor of Siena, with interruptions, from 1629. He never married.
1661
1. Melchior de Polignac, French cardinal and poet (d. 1742) births
  1. Melchior de Polignac
    
    Melchior Cardinal de Polignac was a French diplomat, Cardinal and neo-Latin poet.
1616
1. Andreas Gryphius, German poet and playwright (d. 1664) births
  1. Andreas Gryphius
    
    Andreas Gryphius was a German poet and playwright. With his eloquent sonnets, which contains "The Suffering, Frailty of Life and the World", he is considered one of the most important Baroque poets of the Germanosphere. He was one of the first improvers of the German language and German poetry.
1579
1. Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Ottoman politician, 43rd Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1506) deaths
  1. Sokollu Mehmed Pasha
    
    Sokollu Mehmed Pasha was an Ottoman statesman most notable for being the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. Born in Ottoman Herzegovina into an Orthodox Christian Serbian family, Mehmed was abducted at an early age as part of the Ottoman devşirme system of forcibly recruiting Christian boys to be raised to serve as a janissary. He rose through the ranks of the Ottoman imperial system, eventually holding positions as commander of the imperial guard (1543–1546), High Admiral of the Fleet (1546–1551), Governor-General of Rumelia (1551–1555), Third Vizier (1555–1561), Second Vizier (1561–1565), and as Grand Vizier under three sultans: Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III. He was assassinated in 1579, ending his near 15-years of service to several Sultans, as sole legal representative in the administration of state affairs.
  2. List of Ottoman grand viziers
    
    The grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire was the de facto prime minister of the sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with the absolute power of attorney and, in principle, removable only by the sultan himself in the classical period, before the Tanzimat reforms, or until the 1908 Revolution. He held the imperial seal and could summon all other viziers to attend to affairs of the state in the Imperial Council; the viziers in conference were called "kubbe viziers" in reference to their meeting place, the Kubbealtı ('under-the-dome') in Topkapı Palace. His offices were located at the Sublime Porte.
1552
1. Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia, Grand Prince of Moscow (d. 1553) births
  1. Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich of Russia (1552–1553)
    
    Dmitri Ivanovich was the first Tsarevich or Tsesarevich — the heir apparent — of the Tsardom of Russia, as the eldest son of Ivan the Terrible, or Ivan IV of Russia and his first Tsaritsa, Anastasia Romanovna. He was the third child and first son of the couple and died in infancy.
1542
1. Thomas Wyatt, English poet and diplomat (born 1503) deaths
  1. Thomas Wyatt (poet)
    
    Sir Thomas Wyatt was a 16th-century English politician, ambassador, and lyric poet credited with introducing the sonnet to English literature. He was born at Allington Castle near Maidstone in Kent, though the family was originally from Yorkshire. His family adopted the Lancastrian side in the Wars of Roses. His mother was Anne Skinner, and his father Henry, who had earlier been imprisoned and tortured by Richard III, had been a Privy Councillor of Henry VII and remained a trusted adviser when Henry VIII ascended the throne in 1509. Thomas followed his father to court after his education at St John's College, Cambridge. Entering the King's service, he was entrusted with many important diplomatic missions. In public life, his principal patron was Thomas Cromwell, after whose death he was recalled from abroad and imprisoned (1541). Though subsequently acquitted and released, shortly thereafter he died. His poems were circulated at court and may have been published anonymously in the anthology The Court of Venus during his lifetime, but were not published under his name until after his death; the first major book to feature and attribute his verse was Tottel's Miscellany (1557), printed 15 years after his death.
  2. 1503
    
    Year 1503 (MDIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.
1531
1. Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss pastor and theologian (b. 1484) deaths
  1. Huldrych Zwingli
    
    Huldrych or Ulrich Zwingli was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, born during a time of emerging Swiss patriotism and increasing criticism of the Swiss mercenary system. He attended the University of Vienna and the University of Basel, a scholarly center of Renaissance humanism. He continued his studies while he served as a pastor in Glarus and later in Einsiedeln, where he was influenced by the writings of Erasmus.
1492
1. Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France, French noble (d. 1495) births
  1. Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France
    
    Charles Orlando, Dauphin of France was the eldest son and heir of Charles VIII of France and Anne of Brittany.
1424
1. Jan Žižka, Czech general and Hussite leader deaths
  1. Jan Žižka
    
    Jan Žižka z Trocnova a Kalicha was a Czech general – a contemporary and follower of Jan Hus and a Radical Hussite who led the Taborites. Žižka was a successful military leader and is now a Czech national hero. He was nicknamed "One-eyed Žižka", having lost one and then both eyes. Jan Žižka led Hussite forces against three crusades and never lost a single battle despite being completely blind in his last stages of life.
1347
1. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1282) deaths
  1. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor
    
    Louis IV, called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was King of the Romans from 1314, King of Italy from 1327, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1328.
1303
1. Pope Boniface VIII (b. 1235) deaths
  1. Pope Boniface VIII
    
    Pope Boniface VIII was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303. The Caetani family was of baronial origin, with connections to the papacy. He succeeded Pope Celestine V, who had abdicated from the papal throne. Boniface spent his early career abroad in diplomatic roles.
1188
1. Robert I, Count of Dreux (b. 1123) deaths
  1. Robert I, Count of Dreux
    
    Robert I of Dreux, nicknamed the Great, was the fifth son of Louis VI of France and Adélaide de Maurienne.
1159
1. William of Blois, Count of Boulogne and Earl of Surrey (b. c. 1137) deaths
  1. William I, Count of Boulogne
    
    William I was Count of Boulogne and Earl of Surrey jure uxoris from 1153 until his death. He was the second son of Stephen, King of England, and Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne.
  2. Count of Boulogne
    
    Count of Boulogne was a historical title in the Kingdom of France. The city of Boulogne-sur-Mer became the centre of the county of Boulogne during the ninth century. Little is known of the early counts, but the first holder of the title is recorded in the 11th century.
  3. Earl of Surrey
    
    Earl of Surrey is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created five times. It was first created for William de Warenne, a close companion of William the Conqueror. It is currently held as a subsidiary title by the Dukes of Norfolk.
1086
1. Sima Guang, Chinese historian and statesman (b. 1019) deaths
  1. Sima Guang
    
    Sima Guang, courtesy name Junshi, was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer. He was a high-ranking Song dynasty scholar-official who authored the monumental history book Zizhi Tongjian. Sima was a political conservative who opposed Wang Anshi's reforms.
965
1. Bruno the Great, Archbishop of Cologne (b. 925) deaths
  1. Bruno the Great
    
    Bruno the Great was Archbishop of Cologne from 953 until his death and Duke of Lotharingia after 954. He was the brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.
  2. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne
    
    The Archdiocese of Cologne is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.

Holidays

Christian feast days: Agilbert
1. Agilbert
  
  Agilbert was the second bishop of the West Saxon kingdom and later Bishop of Paris. He is venerated as a saint within the Catholic Church, with his feast day falling on 11 October.
Christian feast days: Alexander Sauli
1. Alexander Sauli
  
  Alexander (Alessandro) Sauli, C.R.S.P. was an Italian priest who is called the "Apostle of Corsica". He is a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1571, he was appointed by Pius V to the ancient see of Aléria, Corsica, where he rebuilt churches, founded colleges and seminaries, and, despite the depredations of corsairs, placed the Church in a flourishing condition.
Christian feast days: Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus (Roman Catholic Church)
1. Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus
  
  Andronicus, Probus (Provos), and Tarachus were martyrs of the Diocletian persecution. According to tradition, Tarachus was beaten with stones. Probus was thrashed with whips, his back and sides were pierced with heated spits; finally he also was cut up with knives. Andronicus was also cut to pieces with knives.
2. Catholic Church
  
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
Christian feast days: Æthelburh of Barking
1. Æthelburh of Barking
  
  Saint Æthelburh or Ethelburga, founder and first Abbess of the double monastery of Barking, was the sister of Earconwald, Bishop of London.
Christian feast days: Bruno the Great
1. Bruno the Great
  
  Bruno the Great was Archbishop of Cologne from 953 until his death and Duke of Lotharingia after 954. He was the brother of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor.
Christian feast days: Cainnech of Aghaboe
1. Cainnech of Aghaboe
  
  Cainnech of Aghaboe (515/16–600), also known as Saint Canice in Ireland, Saint Kenneth in Scotland, Saint Kenny and in Latin Sanctus Canicus, was an Irish abbot, monastic founder, priest and missionary during the early medieval period. Cainnech is one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland and preached Christianity across Ireland and to the Picts in Scotland. He wrote a commentary on the Gospels, which for centuries was known as the Glas-Choinnigh or Kenneth's Lock or the Chain of Cainnech.
Christian feast days: Gratus of Oloron
1. Gratus of Oloron
  
  Saint Gratus of Oloron was the first bishop of Oloron. He is venerated as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church.
Christian feast days: Gummarus
1. Gummarus
  
  Saint Gummarus of Lier is a Belgian saint. He was the son of the Lord of Emblem. An official in the court of his relative Pepin the Younger or Pepin of Herstal according to some other sources, after a number of years in military service he retired to live the life of a hermit. The town of Lier grew up around his hermitage.
Christian feast days: James the Deacon (Church of England, Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church)
1. James the Deacon
  
  James the Deacon was a Roman deacon who accompanied Paulinus of York on his mission to Northumbria. He was a member of the Gregorian mission, which went to England to Christianise the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism. However, when he arrived in England is unknown. After Paulinus left Northumbria, James stayed near Lincoln and continued his missionary efforts, dying sometime after 671, according to the medieval chronicler Bede.
2. Calendar of saints (Church of England)
  
  The Church of England commemorates many of the same saints as those in the General Roman Calendar, mostly on the same days, but also commemorates various notable Christians who have not been canonised by Rome, with a particular though not exclusive emphasis on those of English origin. There are differences in the calendars of other churches of the Anglican Communion.
3. Catholic Church
  
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
4. Eastern Orthodox Church
  
  The Eastern Orthodox Church, also called the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptized members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops via local synods. The church has no central doctrinal or governmental authority analogous to the head of the Roman Catholic Church—the Pope—but the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognized by them as primus inter pares, which may be explained as a representative of the church. As one of the oldest surviving religious institutions in the world, the Eastern Orthodox Church has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern and Southeastern Europe. The Eastern Orthodox Church officially calls itself the Orthodox Catholic Church.
Christian feast days: Lommán of Trim
1. Lommán of Trim
  
  Lommán mac Dalláin was a saint and patron of Trim, County Meath in Ireland.
Christian feast days: Maria Soledad Torres y Acosta
1. Maria Soledad Torres y Acosta
  
  María Soledad Torres y Acosta - born Manuela - was a Spanish Roman Catholic professed religious and the founder of the Servants of Mary. Her apostolic actions - and those of her order - were dedicated towards the nursing of the sick and the poor in the places that it operated in. Torres' childhood consisted of the desire to join the religious life and managed to join a priest's fledgling religious cluster of women after the Dominicans refused to admit her due to her frail constitution. But a series of struggles saw her in a conflicted position of leadership that saw her removed and reinstated twice.
Christian feast days: Nectarius of Constantinople
1. Nectarius of Constantinople
  
  Nectarius was the archbishop of Constantinople from AD 381 until his death, the successor to Saint Gregory Nazianzus and predecessor to St. John Chrysostom.
Christian feast days: Nicasius, Quirinus, Scubiculus, and Pientia
1. Nicasius, Quirinus, Scubiculus, and Pientia
  
  Nicasius, Quirinus, Scubiculus, and Pientia were venerated as martyrs and saints. Their feast day is October 11. Their historicity is uncertain, and "no trustworthy historical reports of [them] exist."
Christian feast days: Philip the Evangelist
1. Philip the Evangelist
  
  Philip the Evangelist appears several times in the Acts of the Apostles. He was one of the Seven chosen to care for the poor of the Christian community in Jerusalem. He preached and reportedly performed miracles in Samaria, and met and baptised an Ethiopian man, a eunuch, on the road from Jerusalem to Gaza, traditionally marking the start of the Ethiopian Church. Later, Philip lived in Caesarea Maritima with his four daughters who prophesied, where he was visited by Paul the Apostle.
Christian feast days: Pope John XXIII (Roman Catholic Church)
1. Pope John XXIII
  
  Pope John XXIII was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 28 October 1958 until his death in June 1963. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was one of thirteen children born to Marianna Mazzola and Giovanni Battista Roncalli in a family of sharecroppers who lived in Sotto il Monte, a village in the province of Bergamo, Lombardy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, as nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice. Roncalli was unexpectedly elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. Pope John XXIII surprised those who expected him to be a caretaker pope by calling the historic Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), the first session opening on 11 October 1962.
2. Catholic Church
  
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
Christian feast days: Zenaida and Philonella
1. Zenaida and Philonella
  
  Saints Zenaida and Philonella were traditionally the first Christian physicians after Luke the Evangelist, and the first "unmercenaries". They are particularly venerated in Eastern Christianity.
Christian feast days: October 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
1. October 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  
  October 10 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 12
General Pulaski Memorial Day (United States)
1. General Pulaski Memorial Day
  
  General Pulaski Memorial Day is a United States public holiday in honor of General Kazimierz Pułaski, a Polish hero of the American Revolution. This holiday is held every year on October 11 by Presidential Proclamation, to commemorate his death from wounds suffered at the siege of Savannah on October 9, 1779, and to honor the heritage of Polish Americans. The observance was established in 1929 when Congress passed a resolution designating October 11 as General Pulaski Memorial Day. Every President has issued a proclamation for the observance annually since.
2. United States
  
  The United States of America, commonly known as the United States or America, is a country in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. It is the third-largest country by both land and total area. The United States shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south. It has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 331 million, it is the most populous country in North America and the third most populous in the world. The national capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city and financial center is New York City.
International Day of the Girl Child
1. International Day of the Girl Child
  
  International Day of the Girl Child is an international observance day declared by the United Nations; it is also called the Day of Girls and the International Day of the Girl. October 11, 2012, was the first Day of the Girl Child. The observation supports more opportunity for girls and increases awareness of gender inequality faced by girls worldwide based upon their gender. This inequality includes areas such as access to education, nutrition, legal rights, medical care, and protection from discrimination, violence against women and forced child marriage. The celebration of the day also "reflects the successful emergence of girls and young women as a distinct cohort in development policy, programming, campaigning and research."
International Newspaper Carrier Day
1. Newspaper Carrier Day
  
  International Newspaper Carrier Day is an annual observance created by the Newspaper Association of America and celebrated in October. The day is scheduled in association with the Newspaper Association Managers' National Newspaper Week. National Newspaper Week is celebrated during the first full week in October (Sun-Sat), and Newspaper Carrier Day is observed on the Saturday of that week. News Media Canada also observes this particular date, noting newspapers may choose to observe the day by running an ad, or organizing special events or activities. The purpose of National Newspaper Week and Newspaper Carrier Day is to highlight the contributions that newspapers, their staff and carriers make to gather and deliver the news to their communities.
National Coming Out Day
1. National Coming Out Day
  
  National Coming Out Day (NCOD) is an annual LGBT awareness day observed on October 11, to support lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in "coming out of the closet". First celebrated in the United States in 1988, the initial idea was grounded in the feminist and gay liberation spirit of the personal being political, and the emphasis on the most basic form of activism being coming out to family, friends and colleagues, and living life as an openly lesbian or gay person. The founders belief was that homophobia thrives in an atmosphere of silence and ignorance and that once people know that they have loved ones who are lesbian or gay, they are far less likely to maintain homophobic or oppressive views.
Revolution Day (North Macedonia)
1. Day of Macedonian Uprising in 1941
  
  The day of the Macedonian Uprising in 1941 is October 11 and a public holiday in North Macedonia. According to the Macedonian historiography, the Macedonian uprising against fascism during World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia began on this day in 1941, lasting until late 1944. Since the times of SFRY this was the national holiday in SR Macedonia and later in the then Republic of Macedonia it was proclaimed a public holiday too.
2. North Macedonia
  
  North Macedonia, officially the Republic of North Macedonia, is a country in Southeast Europe. It gained independence in 1991 as one of the successor states of Yugoslavia. It is a landlocked country bordering Kosovo to the northwest, Serbia to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west. It constitutes approximately the northern third of the larger geographical region of Macedonia. Skopje, the capital and largest city, is home to a quarter of the country's 1.83 million people. The majority of the residents are ethnic Macedonians, a South Slavic people. Albanians form a significant minority at around 25%, followed by Turks, Romani, Serbs, Bosniaks, Aromanians and a few other minorities.

Important events in history on October 11 th

Events

Soyuz MS-10

2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck

Myyrmanni bombing

Myyrmanni

Myyrmanni bombing

Myyrmanni

Vantaa

Polaroid Corporation

STS-92

Air Botswana

ATR 42

Sir Seretse Khama International Airport

1999 Air Botswana ATR 42 crash

Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination

Clarence Thomas

Supreme Court of the United States

Anita Hill

Anita Hill

Sri Lankan Civil War

Indian Peace Keeping Force

Operation Pawan

Jaffna

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

Indo-Sri Lanka Accord

Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights

LGBT

NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt

Operation Pawan

Ronald Reagan

Mikhail Gorbachev

Reykjavík Summit

Intermediate-range ballistic missile

Kathryn D. Sullivan

Aeroflot Flight 3352

George Washington

Sketch comedy

Variety show

Saturday Night Live

Apollo 7

Human spaceflight

NASA

Apollo program

Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 34

Cape Canaveral

Florida

Apollo 7

Second Vatican Council

1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement

Belgrade

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Non-Aligned Movement

Pioneer 1

1954 Geneva Conference

Field-sequential color system

Tuvan People's Republic

World War II

Battle of Cape Esperance

Guadalcanal

United States Navy

Imperial Japanese Navy

Henderson Field (Guadalcanal)

World War II

Battle of Cape Esperance

World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia

Edward VIII

Wallis Simpson

Berlin Friedrichstraße station

1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor

Edward VIII

Wallis Simpson

1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor

Seismic magnitude scales

1918 San Fermín earthquake

First Balkan War

Battle of Sarantaporo

Archibald Hoxsey

Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907

Second Boer War

Important events in history
on October 11 ^th