Important events in history
on May 13 ^th

Events

2014
1. An explosion at an underground coal mine in southwest Turkey kills 301 miners.
  1. Soma mine disaster
    
    On 13 May 2014, blasting at Eynez coal mine in Soma, Manisa, Turkey, caused an underground mine fire, which burned until 15 May. In total, 301 people were killed in what was the worst mine disaster in Turkey's history. The mine, operated by coal producer Soma Kömür İşletmeleri A.Ş., suffered a fire, the causes of which were later found to be complex. The fire occurred at the mine's shift change, and 787 workers were underground at the time. At the time the disaster was thought to be mainly an explosion rather than fire. After the final bodies were pulled from the mine on 17 May 2014, four days after the fire, the Minister of Energy and Natural Resources Taner Yıldız confirmed the number of dead was 301. Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) announced the names of 301 workers who died in the mine disaster and 486 people who survived.
  2. Turkey
    
    Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its largest city and financial centre.
2013
1. American physician Kermit Gosnell is found guilty in Pennsylvania of murdering three infants born alive during attempted abortions, involuntary manslaughter of a woman during an abortion procedure, and other charges.
  1. Kermit Gosnell
    
    Kermit Barron Gosnell is an American former physician and serial killer. He provided abortions at his clinic in West Philadelphia. Gosnell was convicted of the murders of three infants who were born alive after using drugs to induce birth, was convicted of manslaughter in connection with the death of one woman during an abortion procedure, and was convicted of several other medically related crimes.
  2. Pennsylvania
    
    Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and the Delaware River and New Jersey to the east.
  3. Manslaughter
    
    Manslaughter is a common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The distinction between murder and manslaughter is sometimes said to have first been made by the ancient Athenian lawmaker Draco in the 7th century BC.
2012
1. Forty-nine dismembered bodies are discovered by Mexican authorities on Mexican Federal Highway 40.
  1. Cadereyta Jiménez massacre
    
    The Cadereyta Jiménez massacre occurred on the Fed 40 on 12–13 May 2012. Mexican officials stated that 49 people were decapitated and mutilated by members of Los Zetas drug cartel and dumped by a roadside near the city of Monterrey in northern Mexico. The Blog del Narco, a blog that documents events and people of the Mexican Drug War anonymously, reported that the actual (unofficial) death toll may be more than 68 people. The bodies were found in the town of San Juan in the municipality of Cadereyta Jiménez, Nuevo León at about 4 a.m. on a non-toll highway leading to Reynosa, Tamaulipas. The forty-three men and six women killed had their heads, feet, and hands cut off, making their identification difficult. Those killed also bore signs of torture and were stuffed in plastic bags. The arrested suspects have indicated that the victims were Gulf Cartel members, but the Mexican authorities have not ruled out the possibility that they were U.S.-bound migrants. Four days before this incident, 18 people were found decapitated and dismembered near Mexico's second largest city, Guadalajara.
  2. Mexican Federal Highway 40
    
    Federal Highway 40, also called the Carretera Interoceánica, is a road beginning at Reynosa, Tamaulipas, just west of the Port of Brownsville, Texas, and ending at Fed. 15 in Villa Unión, Sinaloa, near Mazatlán and the Pacific coast. It is called Interoceanic as, once finished, the cities of Matamoros, Tamaulipas, on the Gulf of Mexico and Mazatlán on the Pacific Ocean will be linked.
2011
1. Two bombs explode in the Charsadda District of Pakistan killing 98 people and wounding 140 others.
  1. 2011 Charsadda bombing
    
    A double bombing occurred on 13 May 2011 in Shabqadar Fort in Charsadda District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. 98 people were killed when two suicide bombs exploded in the Frontier Constabulary training centre. At least 140 others were injured. The explosions occurred while cadets were getting into buses for a ten-day leave after a training course.
  2. Charsadda District, Pakistan
    
    Charsadda District is a district in Peshawar Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. Prior to its establishment as a separate district in 1998, it was a tehsil within Peshawar District. Pashtuns make up majority of the population of the district. District headquarter is town of Charsadda, which was part of the Peshawar ex-metropolitan region.
2008
1. Nine bombs placed by the previously unknown terrorist group Indian Mujahideen exploded in 15 minutes in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, killing 80 and injuring more than 200 people.
  1. Indian Mujahideen
    
    Indian Mujahideen (IM) is an Islamic terrorist group which has been particularly active in India. The jihadist group was founded as an offshoot of the Students' Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) by several radicalized members including Iqbal Bhatkal, Riyaz Bhatkal, Yasin Bhatkal, Abdul Subhan Qureshi, Amir Reza Khan and Sadiq Israr Sheikh, among others. It has been active since at least 2005 when it bombed the Dashashwamedh Ghat in Varanasi. It carried out several serial-bombings in Indian cities in the following years notably the 2007 Uttar Pradesh bombings, 2008 Jaipur bombings, 2008 Ahmedabad bombings, 2008 Delhi bombings, 2010 Pune bombing, 2011 Mumbai bombings, 2011 Delhi bombing, 2013 Patna bombings, 2013 Hyderabad blasts and the 2013 Bodh Gaya bombings.
  2. Jaipur bombings
    
    The Jaipur bombings were a series of nine synchronized bomb blasts that took place on 13 May 2008 within a span of fifteen minutes at locations in Jaipur, the capital city of the Indian state of Rajasthan, and a tourist destination. Official reports confirm 63 dead with 216 or more people injured. The bombings shocked most of India and resulted in widespread condemnation from leaders across the world with many countries showing solidarity with India in its fight against terrorism.
  3. Jaipur
    
    Jaipur, formerly Jeypore, is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. As of 2011, the city had a population of 3.1 million, making it the tenth most populous city in the country. Jaipur is also known as the Pink City, due to the dominant colour scheme of its buildings. It is also known as the Paris of India, and C. V. Raman called it the Island of Glory. It is located 268 km from the national capital New Delhi. Jaipur was founded in 1727 by the Kachhwaha Rajput ruler Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amer, after whom the city is named. It was one of the earliest planned cities of modern India, designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. During the British Colonial period, the city served as the capital of Jaipur State. After independence in 1947, Jaipur was made the capital of the newly formed state of Rajasthan.
  4. Rajasthan
    
    Rajasthan is a state in northern India. It covers 342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4 per cent of India's total geographical area. It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population. It is on India's northwestern side, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej-Indus River valley. It is bordered by five other Indian states: Punjab to the north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest. Its geographical location is 23.3 to 30.12 North latitude and 69.30 to 78.17 East longitude, with the Tropic of Cancer passing through its southernmost tip.
2006
1. São Paulo violence: Rebellions occur in several prisons in Brazil.
  1. 2006 São Paulo violence outbreak
    
    The 2006 São Paulo violence outbreak began on the night of May 12, 2006 in São Paulo, Brazil, the largest city in South America. It was among the worst outbreaks of violence in recorded Brazilian history and was directed against security forces and a few civilian targets. By May 14 the attacks had spread to other Brazilian states including Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais and Bahia.
2005
1. Uzbek Interior Ministry and State Security Service troops fired at protesters in Andijan, killing between 187 and 1,500 people.
  1. Ministry of Internal Affairs (Uzbekistan)
    
    The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a body of the Government of Uzbekistan that is charged with the internal affairs of Uzbekistan and oversees the national police. The Ministry of Internal Affairs was founded on 25 August 1991. It replaced the Soviet Interior Ministry. The current Minister of Internal Affairs is Pulat Bobojonov. The ministry holds joint control over the Armed Forces of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It also administers the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which is the official educational institution of the ministry.
  2. State Security Service (Uzbekistan)
    
    The State Security Service is the national intelligence agency of the government of Uzbekistan. It was created on 26 September 1991 as a successor to the KGB and its republican affiliate in the Uzbek SSR. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, it has retained the same responsibilities and a similar range of functional units, including paramilitary police and special forces. It was renamed from the National Security Service on 14 March 2018. The SNB was a rival of the Interior Ministry until 2005, when it was brought under its control. In recent years, the SNB has been sidelined in favor of the Uzbekistan National Guard, which was largely seen as being loyal to former president Islam Karimov.
  3. Andijan massacre
    
    On 13 May 2005, protests erupted in Andijan, Uzbekistan. At one point, troops from the Uzbek National Security Service (SNB) fired into a crowd of protesters. Estimates of those killed on 13 May range from 187, the official count of the government, to several hundred. A defector from the SNB alleged that 1,500 were killed. The bodies of many of those who died were allegedly hidden in mass graves following the massacre.
  4. Andijan
    
    Andijan is a city in Uzbekistan. It is the administrative, economic, and cultural center of Andijan Region. Andijan is a district-level city with an area of 74 km2 (29 sq mi) and it had 458,400 inhabitants in 2022. Andijan is located in the south-eastern edge of the Fergana Valley near Uzbekistan's border with Kyrgyzstan.
2. Andijan uprising, Uzbekistan; Troops open fire on crowds of protestors after a prison break; at least 187 people were killed according to official estimates.
  1. Andijan massacre
    
    On 13 May 2005, protests erupted in Andijan, Uzbekistan. At one point, troops from the Uzbek National Security Service (SNB) fired into a crowd of protesters. Estimates of those killed on 13 May range from 187, the official count of the government, to several hundred. A defector from the SNB alleged that 1,500 were killed. The bodies of many of those who died were allegedly hidden in mass graves following the massacre.
  2. Uzbekistan
    
    Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country located in Central Asia. It is surrounded by five landlocked countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Tajikistan to the southeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest. Its capital and largest city is Tashkent. Uzbekistan is part of the Turkic world, as well as a member of the Organization of Turkic States. The Uzbek language is the majority-spoken language in Uzbekistan, other languages includes Russian and Tajik, spoken predominantly in Samarkand and Bukhara. Islam is the predominant religion in Uzbekistan, most Uzbeks being Sunni Muslims.
2000
1. A fireworks factory in Enschede, Netherlands, exploded, resulting in 23 deaths and approximately €450 million in damage.
  1. Enschede
    
    Enschede is a municipality and city in the eastern Netherlands in the province of Overijssel and in the Twente region. The eastern parts of the urban area reaches the border of the German city of Gronau.
  2. Enschede fireworks disaster
    
    The Enschede fireworks disaster was a catastrophic fireworks explosion occurring at the S.E. Fireworks depot on 13 May 2000 at around 15:00 CEST, in the city Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands. The explosion, which was caused by a fire, killed 23 people, including four firefighters, and injured nearly 1,000. A total of 400 homes were destroyed and 1,500 buildings damaged.
1998
1. Race riots break out in Jakarta, Indonesia, where shops owned by Indonesians of Chinese descent are looted and women raped.
  1. May 1998 riots of Indonesia
    
    The May 1998 riots of Indonesia, also known as the 1998 tragedy or simply the 1998 event, were incidents of mass violence, demonstrations, and civil unrest that occurred throughout Indonesia, mainly in Medan in the province of North Sumatra, the capital city of Jakarta, and Surakarta in the province of Central Java. The violent riots were triggered by corruption, economic problems, including food shortages and mass unemployment. It eventually led to the resignation of President Suharto and the fall of the New Order government, which had been in power for 32 years. The main targets of the violence were ethnic Chinese Indonesians, but most of the casualties were caused by a massive fire and occurred among looters.
  2. Jakarta
    
    Jakarta, formerly Dutch: Batavia, officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta is the largest city in Southeast Asia and serves as the diplomatic capital of ASEAN.
  3. Indonesia
    
    Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres. With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.
  4. Chinese Indonesians
    
    Chinese Indonesians and colloquially Chindo or just Tionghoa are Indonesians whose ancestors arrived from China at some stage in the last eight centuries.
2. India carries out two nuclear weapon tests at Pokhran, following the three conducted on May 11. The United States and Japan impose economic sanctions on India.
  1. Pokhran-II
    
    The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code-named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974.
1996
1. Severe thunderstorms and a tornado in Bangladesh kill 600 people.
  1. Thunderstorm
    
    A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. Relatively weak thunderstorms are sometimes called thundershowers. Thunderstorms occur in a type of cloud known as a cumulonimbus. They are usually accompanied by strong winds and often produce heavy rain and sometimes snow, sleet, or hail, but some thunderstorms produce little precipitation or no precipitation at all. Thunderstorms may line up in a series or become a rainband, known as a squall line. Strong or severe thunderstorms include some of the most dangerous weather phenomena, including large hail, strong winds, and tornadoes. Some of the most persistent severe thunderstorms, known as supercells, rotate as do cyclones. While most thunderstorms move with the mean wind flow through the layer of the troposphere that they occupy, vertical wind shear sometimes causes a deviation in their course at a right angle to the wind shear direction.
  2. Tornado
    
    A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology to name a weather system with a low-pressure area in the center around which, from an observer looking down toward the surface of the Earth, winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, and they are often visible in the form of a condensation funnel originating from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud, with a cloud of rotating debris and dust beneath it. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 180 km/h (110 mph), are about 80 m across, and travel several kilometers before dissipating. The most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 480 km/h (300 mph), are more than 3 km in diameter, and stay on the ground for more than 100 km.
  3. Bangladesh
    
    Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of 148,460 square kilometres (57,320 sq mi). Bangladesh is among the most densely populated countries in the world, and shares land borders with India to the west, north, and east, and Myanmar to the southeast; to the south it has a coastline along the Bay of Bengal. It is narrowly separated from Bhutan and Nepal by the Siliguri Corridor; and from China by the Indian state of Sikkim in the north. Dhaka, the capital and largest city, is the nation's political, financial and cultural centre. Chittagong, the second-largest city, is the busiest port on the Bay of Bengal. The official language is Bengali, one of the easternmost branches of the Indo-European language family.
1995
1. Alison Hargreaves became the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest without the aid of Sherpas or bottled oxygen.
  1. Alison Hargreaves
    
    Alison Jane Hargreaves was a British mountain climber. Her accomplishments included scaling Mount Everest alone, without supplementary oxygen or support from a Sherpa team, in 1995. She soloed all the great north faces of the Alps in a single season—a first for any climber. This feat included climbing the difficult north face of the Eiger in the Alps. Hargreaves also climbed 6,812-metre (22,349 ft) Ama Dablam in Nepal.
  2. Mount Everest
    
    Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m (29,031.7 ft) was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.
  3. Sherpa people
    
    The Sherpa are one of the Tibetan ethnic groups native to the most mountainous regions of Nepal, Tingri County in the Tibet Autonomous Region and the Himalayas. The term sherpa or sherwa derives from the Sherpa language words ཤར shar ("east") and པ pa ("people"), which refer to their geographical origin of eastern Tibet.
2. Alison Hargreaves, a 33-year-old British mother, becomes the first woman to conquer Everest without oxygen or the help of sherpas.
  1. Alison Hargreaves
    
    Alison Jane Hargreaves was a British mountain climber. Her accomplishments included scaling Mount Everest alone, without supplementary oxygen or support from a Sherpa team, in 1995. She soloed all the great north faces of the Alps in a single season—a first for any climber. This feat included climbing the difficult north face of the Eiger in the Alps. Hargreaves also climbed 6,812-metre (22,349 ft) Ama Dablam in Nepal.
  2. Mount Everest
    
    Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m (29,031.7 ft) was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.
1992
1. Li Hongzhi introduced the Falun Gong movement at a public lecture in Changchun, China.
  1. Li Hongzhi
    
    Li Hongzhi is a Chinese religious leader. He is the founder and leader of Falun Gong, or Falun Dafa, a United States-based new religious movement. Li began his public teachings of Falun Gong on 13 May 1992 in Changchun, and subsequently gave lectures and taught Falun Gong exercises across China.
  2. Falun Gong
    
    Falun Gong or Falun Dafa is a new religious movement. Falun Gong was founded by its leader Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s. Falun Gong has its global headquarters in Dragon Springs, a 400-acre (160 ha) compound around Cuddebackville in Deerpark, New York, near the current residence of Li Hongzhi. Falun Gong's performance arts extension, Shen Yun and two closely connected schools, Fei Tian College and Fei Tian Academy of the Arts, also operate in and around Dragon Springs.
  3. Changchun
    
    Changchun, also romanized as Ch'angch'un, is the capital and largest city of Jilin Province, People's Republic of China. Lying in the center of the Songliao Plain, Changchun is administered as a sub-provincial city, comprising 7 districts, 1 county and 3 county-level cities. According to the 2020 census of China, Changchun had a total population of 9,066,906 under its jurisdiction. The city's metro area, comprising 5 districts and 1 development area, had a population of 5,019,477 in 2020, as the Shuangyang and Jiutai districts are not urbanized yet. It is one of the biggest cities in Northeast China, along with Shenyang, Dalian and Harbin.
2. Li Hongzhi gives the first public lecture on Falun Gong in Changchun, People's Republic of China.
  1. Li Hongzhi
    
    Li Hongzhi is a Chinese religious leader. He is the founder and leader of Falun Gong, or Falun Dafa, a United States-based new religious movement. Li began his public teachings of Falun Gong on 13 May 1992 in Changchun, and subsequently gave lectures and taught Falun Gong exercises across China.
  2. Falun Gong
    
    Falun Gong or Falun Dafa is a new religious movement. Falun Gong was founded by its leader Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s. Falun Gong has its global headquarters in Dragon Springs, a 400-acre (160 ha) compound around Cuddebackville in Deerpark, New York, near the current residence of Li Hongzhi. Falun Gong's performance arts extension, Shen Yun and two closely connected schools, Fei Tian College and Fei Tian Academy of the Arts, also operate in and around Dragon Springs.
  3. Changchun
    
    Changchun, also romanized as Ch'angch'un, is the capital and largest city of Jilin Province, People's Republic of China. Lying in the center of the Songliao Plain, Changchun is administered as a sub-provincial city, comprising 7 districts, 1 county and 3 county-level cities. According to the 2020 census of China, Changchun had a total population of 9,066,906 under its jurisdiction. The city's metro area, comprising 5 districts and 1 development area, had a population of 5,019,477 in 2020, as the Shuangyang and Jiutai districts are not urbanized yet. It is one of the biggest cities in Northeast China, along with Shenyang, Dalian and Harbin.
1990
1. The Dinamo–Red Star riot took place at Maksimir Stadium in Zagreb, Croatia between the Bad Blue Boys (fans of Dinamo Zagreb) and the Delije (fans of Red Star Belgrade).
  1. Dinamo–Red Star riot
    
    The Dinamo Zagreb–Red Star Belgrade riot was a football riot which took place on 13 May 1990 at Maksimir Stadium in Zagreb, SR Croatia, then part of SFR Yugoslavia, between the Bad Blue Boys and the Delije. The incident took place just weeks after Croatia's first multi-party elections in almost fifty years in which the parties favouring Croatian independence had won the majority of votes. The riot resulted in over sixty people wounded, including some stabbed, shot or poisoned by tear gas.
  2. Stadion Maksimir
    
    Maksimir Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Zagreb, Croatia. It takes its name from the surrounding neighbourhood of Maksimir. The venue is primarily the home of Dinamo Zagreb, the top club of the country with 23 league titles, but it is also the home venue of the Croatia national football team. First opened in 1912, it has undergone many revamps, and its current layout dates from a 1997 rebuilding. The stadium also sometimes hosts other events such as rock concerts.
  3. Zagreb
    
    Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slovenia at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 767,131. The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1,071,150, approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia.
  4. Croatia
    
    Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe. It shares a coastline along the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west and southwest. Croatia's capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, with twenty counties. The country spans an area of 56,594 square kilometres, hosting a population of nearly 3.9 million.
  5. GNK Dinamo Zagreb
    
    Građanski nogometni klub Dinamo Zagreb, commonly referred to as GNK Dinamo Zagreb or simply Dinamo Zagreb, is a Croatian professional football club based in Zagreb. Dinamo play their home matches at Stadion Maksimir. They are the most successful club in Croatian football, having won twenty-three Prva HNL titles, sixteen Croatian Cups, six Croatian Super Cups, and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. The club has spent its entire existence in top flight, having been members of the Yugoslav First League from 1946 to 1991, and then the Prva HNL since its foundation in 1993.
  6. Delije
    
    Delije is a name referring to the supporters of various sports clubs that compete under the Red Star Belgrade multi-sport club banner. The plural of the singular form delija (делија)—which in Serbian generally signifies a courageous, brave, strong, tough, or even handsome young man—a rough English translation of Delije is "Heroes", "Braves", or "Studs".
  7. Red Star Belgrade
    
    Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda, commonly known as Red Star Belgrade in English-language media, is a Serbian professional football club based in Belgrade, and a major part of the Red Star multi-sport club.
1989
1. Large groups of students occupy Tiananmen Square and begin a hunger strike.
  1. 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
    
    The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourth Clearing or June Fourth Massacre, troops armed with assault rifles and accompanied by tanks fired at the demonstrators and those trying to block the military's advance into Tiananmen Square. The protests started on 15 April and were forcibly suppressed on 4 June when the government declared martial law and sent the People's Liberation Army to occupy parts of central Beijing. Estimates of the death toll vary from several hundred to several thousand, with thousands more wounded. The popular national movement inspired by the Beijing protests is sometimes called the '89 Democracy Movement or the Tiananmen Square Incident.
  2. Tiananmen Square
    
    Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square is a city square in the city center of Beijing, China, named after the eponymous Tiananmen located to its north, which separates it from the Forbidden City. The square contains the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum of China, and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China in the square on October 1, 1949; the anniversary of this event is still observed there. The size of Tiananmen Square is 765 x 282 meters. It has great cultural significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.
1985
1. Eleven members of the American black liberation group MOVE were killed when a Philadelphia police helicopter dropped a bomb on their house during a raid.
  1. Black theology
    
    Black theology, or black liberation theology, refers to a theological perspective which originated among African-American seminarians and scholars, and in some black churches in the United States and later in other parts of the world. It contextualizes Christianity in an attempt to help those of African descent overcome oppression. It especially focuses on the injustices committed against African Americans and black South Africans during American segregation and apartheid, respectively.
  2. Move
    
    Move may refer to:
  3. Philadelphia Police Department
    
    The Philadelphia Police Department is the police agency responsible for law enforcement and investigations within the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The PPD is one of the oldest municipal police agencies, fourth largest police force and sixth largest non-federal law enforcement agency in the United States. Since records were first kept in 1828, at least 289 PPD officers have died in the line of duty.
2. Police bombed MOVE headquarters in Philadelphia, killing six adults and five children, and destroying the homes of 250 city residents.
  1. 1985 MOVE bombing
    
    The 1985 MOVE bombing was the destruction by the Philadelphia Police Department of 61 residential homes in the West Philadelphia Osage Neighborhood during a standoff and firefight between the MOVE organization and the police. Two explosive devices were dropped by a police helicopter on a bunker-like cubicle on the roof of the house that was occupied by MOVE, causing a fire which the Philadelphia Fire Department subsequently let burn out of control, destroying 61 previously evacuated neighboring houses over two city blocks, and leaving 250 people homeless. Six adults and five children in the MOVE compound died in the incident, with one adult and one child surviving. A lawsuit in federal court found that the city used excessive force and violated constitutional rights against unreasonable search and seizure.
  2. Philadelphia
    
    Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since 1854, the city has been coextensive with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest and one of world's largest metropolitan regions, with 6.245 million residents as of 2020. The city's population as of the 2020 census was 1,603,797, and over 56 million people live within 250 mi (400 km) of Philadelphia.
1981
1. Mehmet Ali Ağca attempts to assassinate Pope John Paul II in St. Peter's Square in Rome. The Pope is rushed to the Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic to undergo emergency surgery and survives.
  1. Mehmet Ali Ağca
    
    Mehmet Ali Ağca is a Turkish assassin who murdered left-wing journalist Abdi İpekçi on 1 February 1979, and later shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on 13 May 1981, after escaping from a Turkish prison. After serving 19 years of imprisonment in Italy where he was visited by the Pope, he was deported to Turkey, where he served a ten-year sentence. According to his own words, he converted to the Roman Catholic Church on 13 May 2007.
  2. Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II
    
    On 13 May 1981, in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City, Pope John Paul II was shot and wounded by Mehmet Ali Ağca while he was entering the square. The Pope was struck twice and suffered severe blood loss. Ağca was apprehended immediately and later sentenced to life in prison by an Italian court. The Pope later forgave Ağca for the assassination attempt. He was pardoned by Italian president Carlo Azeglio Ciampi at the Pope's request and was deported to Turkey in June 2000. Ağca converted to Roman Catholicism in 2007.
  3. Pope John Paul II
    
    Pope John Paul II was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in April 2005, and was later canonised as Pope Saint John Paul II.
  4. St. Peter's Square
    
    Saint Peter's Square is a large plaza located directly in front of St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the papal enclave inside Rome, directly west of the neighborhood (rione) of Borgo. Both the square and the basilica are named after Saint Peter, an apostle of Jesus whom Catholics consider to be the first Pope.
  5. Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic
    
    The Gemelli University Hospital is a large general hospital in Rome, Italy. With 1575 beds, it is the second-largest hospital in Italy, the largest hospital in Rome and one of the largest private hospitals in Europe. It serves as the teaching hospital for the medical school of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, and owes its name to the university founder, the Franciscan friar, physician and psychologist Agostino Gemelli. The hospital provides free medical assistance as part of the Italian national health system as well as paid-for private assistance in dedicated hotel-style wards.
  6. Surgery
    
    Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function, appearance, or to repair unwanted ruptured areas.
1980
1. An F3 tornado hits Kalamazoo County, Michigan. President Jimmy Carter declares it a federal disaster area.
  1. Fujita scale
    
    The Fujita scale, or Fujita–Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns, weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
  2. 1980 Kalamazoo tornado
    
    The Kalamazoo Tornado of 1980 struck downtown Kalamazoo, Michigan, on Tuesday, May 13, 1980. The tornado, which touched down at 4:09 pm, was rated F3 on the Fujita scale. The tornado killed 5 people and injured 79. Damage was estimated at $50,000,000, which included $1,800,000 in vehicle damage.
  3. Kalamazoo County, Michigan
    
    Kalamazoo County is a county located in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of 2020, the population was 261,670. The county seat is Kalamazoo.
  4. Jimmy Carter
    
    James Earl Carter Jr. is an American former politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975 and as a Georgia state senator from 1963 to 1967. Since leaving office, Carter has remained engaged in political and social projects, receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002 for his humanitarian work.
  5. Disaster area
    
    A disaster area is a region or a locale that has been heavily damaged by either natural, technological or social hazards. Disaster areas affect the population living in the community by dramatic increase in expense, loss of energy, food and services; and finally increase the risk of disease for citizens. An area that has been struck with a natural, technological or sociological hazard that opens the affected area for national or international aid.
1972
1. The Troubles: A car bomb planted by Ulster loyalists exploded outside a crowded pub in Belfast, Northern Ireland, beginning two days of gun battles between the British Army, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and the Ulster Volunteer Force.
  1. The Troubles
    
    The Troubles were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "irregular war" or "low-level war". The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles mostly took place in Northern Ireland, at times violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England and mainland Europe.
  2. Ulster loyalism
    
    Ulster loyalism is a strand of Ulster unionism associated with working class Ulster Protestants in Northern Ireland. Like other unionists, loyalists support the continued existence of Northern Ireland within the United Kingdom, and oppose a united Ireland. Unlike other strands of unionism, loyalism has been described as an ethnic nationalism of Ulster Protestants and "a variation of British nationalism". Loyalists are often said to have a conditional loyalty to the British state so long as it defends their interests. They see themselves as loyal primarily to the Protestant British monarchy rather than to British governments and institutions, while Garret FitzGerald argued they are loyal to 'Ulster' over 'the Union'. A small minority of loyalists have called for an independent Ulster Protestant state, believing they cannot rely on British governments to support them. The term 'loyalism' is usually associated with paramilitarism.
  3. Battle at Springmartin
    
    The Battle at Springmartin was a series of gun battles in Belfast, Northern Ireland on 13–14 May 1972, as part of The Troubles. It involved the British Army, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), and the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF).
  4. British Army
    
    The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force. As of 2022, the British Army comprises 79,380 regular full-time personnel, 4,090 Gurkhas, and 28,330 volunteer reserve personnel.
  5. Provisional Irish Republican Army
    
    The Irish Republican Army, also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent, socialist republic encompassing all of Ireland. It was the most active republican paramilitary group during the Troubles. It saw itself as the army of the all-island Irish Republic and as the sole legitimate successor to the original IRA from the Irish War of Independence. It was designated a terrorist organisation in the United Kingdom and an unlawful organisation in the Republic of Ireland, both of whose authority it rejected.
  6. Ulster Volunteer Force
    
    The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. Formed in 1965, it first emerged in 1966. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland. The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles. It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have continued to engage in violence and criminal activities. The group is a proscribed organisation and is on the terrorist organisation list of the United Kingdom.
2. A fire occurs in the Sennichi Department Store in Osaka, Japan. Blocked exits and non-functional elevators result in 118 fatalities (many victims leaping to their deaths).
  1. Sennichi Department Store Building fire
    
    The Sennichi Department Store Building fire occurred in Sennichimae, Minami-ku, Osaka, Japan on May 13, 1972. The fire killed at least 118 people and injured another 78. It was the worst department store fire in terms of casualties in Japan. The building that housed the department store also contained various other businesses, including a cabaret. All the victims had been in the cabaret.
  2. Osaka
    
    Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2.7 million in the 2020 census, it is also the largest component of the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, which is the second-largest metropolitan area in Japan and the 10th largest urban area in the world with more than 19 million inhabitants.
3. The Troubles: A car bombing outside a crowded pub in Belfast sparks a two-day gun battle involving the Provisional IRA, Ulster Volunteer Force and British Army. Seven people are killed and over 66 injured.
  1. The Troubles
    
    The Troubles were an ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland that lasted about 30 years from the late 1960s to 1998. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as an "irregular war" or "low-level war". The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles mostly took place in Northern Ireland, at times violence spilled over into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England and mainland Europe.
  2. Belfast
    
    Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom and the second-largest in Ireland. It had a population of 345,418 in 2021.
  3. Battle at Springmartin
    
    The Battle at Springmartin was a series of gun battles in Belfast, Northern Ireland on 13–14 May 1972, as part of The Troubles. It involved the British Army, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), and the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF).
  4. Provisional Irish Republican Army
    
    The Irish Republican Army, also known as the Provisional Irish Republican Army, and informally as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary organisation that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent, socialist republic encompassing all of Ireland. It was the most active republican paramilitary group during the Troubles. It saw itself as the army of the all-island Irish Republic and as the sole legitimate successor to the original IRA from the Irish War of Independence. It was designated a terrorist organisation in the United Kingdom and an unlawful organisation in the Republic of Ireland, both of whose authority it rejected.
  5. Ulster Volunteer Force
    
    The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. Formed in 1965, it first emerged in 1966. Its first leader was Gusty Spence, a former British Army soldier from Northern Ireland. The group undertook an armed campaign of almost thirty years during The Troubles. It declared a ceasefire in 1994 and officially ended its campaign in 2007, although some of its members have continued to engage in violence and criminal activities. The group is a proscribed organisation and is on the terrorist organisation list of the United Kingdom.
1971
1. Over 900 unarmed Bengali Hindus are murdered in the Demra massacre.
  1. Demra massacre
    
    Demra massacre in Bangladesh was the massacre of unarmed Hindu residents of the villages under Demra Union in present-day Faridpur Upazila in Pabna District by the occupying Pakistan Army aided by local collaborators on 13 May 1971. It is estimated that 800–900 people were killed in a single day. Rape and plunder were also carried out, and mosques, temples, schools and houses were set on fire.
1969
1. Sino-Malay race riots began in Kuala Lumpur, leaving at least 190 people dead, with the government declaring a state of emergency and suspending the Parliament of Malaysia until 1971.
  1. 13 May incident
    
    The 13 May incident refers to an episode of Sino-Malay sectarian violence that took place in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, on 13 May 1969. The riot occurred in the aftermath of the 1969 Malaysian general election when opposition parties such as the Democratic Action Party and Gerakan made gains at the expense of the ruling coalition, the Alliance Party.
  2. Kuala Lumpur
    
    Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and colloquially referred to as KL, is a federal territory and the ceremonial, legislative and judicial capital city of Malaysia. It is one of the fastest growing cities in Asia and the largest city in Malaysia, covering an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) with a census population of 1,982,112 as of 2020. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.564 million people as of 2018. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia, both in population and economic development.
  3. State of emergency
    
    A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state during a natural disaster, civil unrest, armed conflict, medical pandemic or epidemic or other biosecurity risk. Justitium is its equivalent in Roman law—a concept in which the Roman Senate could put forward a final decree that was not subject to dispute yet helped save lives in times of strife.
  4. Parliament of Malaysia
    
    The Parliament of Malaysia is the national legislature of Malaysia, based on the Westminster system. The bicameral parliament consists of the Dewan Rakyat and the Dewan Negara. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King), as the head of state, is the third component of Parliament.
2. May 13 Incident involving sectarian violence in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  1. 13 May incident
    
    The 13 May incident refers to an episode of Sino-Malay sectarian violence that took place in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, on 13 May 1969. The riot occurred in the aftermath of the 1969 Malaysian general election when opposition parties such as the Democratic Action Party and Gerakan made gains at the expense of the ruling coalition, the Alliance Party.
  2. Kuala Lumpur
    
    Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and colloquially referred to as KL, is a federal territory and the ceremonial, legislative and judicial capital city of Malaysia. It is one of the fastest growing cities in Asia and the largest city in Malaysia, covering an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) with a census population of 1,982,112 as of 2020. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.564 million people as of 2018. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia, both in population and economic development.
  3. Malaysia
    
    Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, largest city and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government. The nearby planned capital of Putrajaya is the administrative capital, which represents the seat of both the executive branch and the judicial branch of the federal government. With a population of over 32 million, Malaysia is the world's 45th-most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to numerous endemic species.
1967
1. Dr. Zakir Husain becomes the third President of India. He is the first Muslim President of the Indian Union. He holds this position until August 24, 1969.
  1. Zakir Husain (politician)
    
    Zakir Husain Khan known as Dr. Zakir Husain, was an Indian educationist and politician who served as President of India from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969.
  2. President of India
    
    The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president, having taken office from 25 July 2022.
1960
1. Hundreds of University of California, Berkeley students congregate for the first day of protest against a visit by the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
  1. University of California, Berkeley
    
    The University of California, Berkeley is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant university and the founding campus of the University of California system. Its fourteen colleges and schools offer over 350 degree programs and enroll some 31,800 undergraduate and 13,200 graduate students. Berkeley ranks among the world's top universities.
  2. House Un-American Activities Committee
    
    The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA), popularly dubbed the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), was an investigative committee of the United States House of Representatives, created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having either fascist or communist ties. It became a standing (permanent) committee in 1945, and from 1969 onwards it was known as the House Committee on Internal Security. When the House abolished the committee in 1975, its functions were transferred to the House Judiciary Committee.
1958
1. The Australian adventurer Ben Carlin became the only person to circumnavigate the world in an amphibious vehicle, having travelled over 80,000 km (50,000 mi) by land and sea.
  1. Ben Carlin
    
    Frederick Benjamin Carlin was an Australian adventurer who was the first person to circumnavigate the world in an amphibious vehicle. Born in Northam, Western Australia, Carlin attended Guildford Grammar School in Perth, and later studied mining engineering at the Kalgoorlie School of Mines. After qualifying as an engineer, he worked on the Goldfields before emigrating to China in 1939 to work in a British coal mine. In the Second World War, Carlin was posted to the Indian Army Corps of Engineers, serving in India, Italy, and throughout the Middle East. After his discharge from service in 1946, he emigrated to the United States with his American wife, Elinore.
  2. Circumnavigation
    
    Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body. This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.
  3. Amphibious vehicle
    
    An amphibious vehicle, is a vehicle that is a means of transport viable on land as well as on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, combat vehicles and hovercraft.
2. Algerian War: A group of French military officers led a coup in Algiers, demanding the formation of a government to defend French control of Algeria.
  1. Algerian War
    
    The Algerian War, also known as the Algerian Revolution or the Algerian War of Independence, and sometimes in Algeria as the War of 1 November, was fought between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes. The conflict also became a civil war between the different communities and within the communities. The war took place mainly on the territory of Algeria, with repercussions in metropolitan France.
  2. May 1958 crisis in France
    
    The May 1958 crisis, also known as the Algiers putsch or the coup of 13 May, was a political crisis in France during the turmoil of the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962) which led to the collapse of the Fourth Republic and its replacement by the Fifth Republic led by Charles de Gaulle who returned to power after a twelve-year absence. It started as a political uprising in Algiers on 13 May 1958 and then became a military coup d'état led by a coalition headed by Algiers deputy and reserve airborne officer Pierre Lagaillarde, French Generals Raoul Salan, Edmond Jouhaud, Jean Gracieux, and Jacques Massu, and by Admiral Philippe Auboyneau, commander of the Mediterranean fleet. The coup was supported by former Algerian Governor General Jacques Soustelle and his activist allies.
  3. Algiers
    
    Algiers is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145 and in 2020 was estimated to be around 4,500,000. Algiers is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria.
  4. French Algeria
    
    French Algeria, also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of French colonisation of Algeria. French rule in the region began in 1830 with the invasion of Algiers and lasted until the end of the Algerian War of Independence in 1962. While the administration of Algeria changed significantly over the 132 years of French rule, the Mediterranean coastal region of Algeria, housing the vast majority of its population, was an integral part of France from 1848 until its independence.
3. During a visit to Caracas, Venezuela, then US Vice President Richard Nixon's car is attacked by anti-American demonstrators.
  1. Caracas
    
    Caracas, officially Santiago de León de Caracas, abbreviated as CCS, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas. Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of the country, within the Caracas Valley of the Venezuelan coastal mountain range. The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea, separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-meter-high (7,200 ft) mountain range, Cerro El Ávila; to the south there are more hills and mountains. The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 5 million inhabitants.
  2. Venezuela
    
    Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It has a territorial extension of 916,445 km2 (353,841 sq mi), and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas.
  3. Richard Nixon
    
    Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. His five years in the White House saw reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, the first manned Moon landings, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nixon's second term ended early, when he became the only president to resign from office, as a result of the Watergate scandal.
  4. Attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade
    
    An attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade occurred in Caracas, Venezuela, on May 13, 1958, during his goodwill tour of South America, undertaken while Nixon was Vice President of the United States. The attack on Nixon's car was called, at the time, the "most violent attack ever perpetrated on a high American official while on foreign soil." Close to being killed while a couple of his aides were injured in the melee, Nixon ended up unharmed and his entourage managed to reach the U.S. embassy. The visit took place only months after the overthrow in January of Venezuelan dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez, who in 1954 had been awarded the Legion of Merit and was later granted asylum by the United States, and the incident may have been orchestrated by the Communist Party of Venezuela. U.S. Navy Admiral Arleigh Burke mobilized fleet and Marine units to the region, compelling the Venezuelan government to provide full protection to Nixon for the remainder of the trip.
4. May 1958 crisis: A group of French military officers lead a coup in Algiers demanding that a government of national unity be formed with Charles de Gaulle at its head in order to defend French control of Algeria.
  1. May 1958 crisis in France
    
    The May 1958 crisis, also known as the Algiers putsch or the coup of 13 May, was a political crisis in France during the turmoil of the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962) which led to the collapse of the Fourth Republic and its replacement by the Fifth Republic led by Charles de Gaulle who returned to power after a twelve-year absence. It started as a political uprising in Algiers on 13 May 1958 and then became a military coup d'état led by a coalition headed by Algiers deputy and reserve airborne officer Pierre Lagaillarde, French Generals Raoul Salan, Edmond Jouhaud, Jean Gracieux, and Jacques Massu, and by Admiral Philippe Auboyneau, commander of the Mediterranean fleet. The coup was supported by former Algerian Governor General Jacques Soustelle and his activist allies.
  2. Algiers
    
    Algiers is the capital and largest city of Algeria. The city's population at the 2008 Census was 2,988,145 and in 2020 was estimated to be around 4,500,000. Algiers is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria.
  3. Charles de Gaulle
    
    Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French army officer and statesman who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 in order to restore democracy in France. In 1958, he came out of retirement when appointed President of the Council of Ministers by President René Coty. He rewrote the Constitution of France and founded the Fifth Republic after approval by referendum. He was elected President of France later that year, a position to which he was reelected in 1965 and held until his resignation in 1969.
  4. French Algeria
    
    French Algeria, also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of French colonisation of Algeria. French rule in the region began in 1830 with the invasion of Algiers and lasted until the end of the Algerian War of Independence in 1962. While the administration of Algeria changed significantly over the 132 years of French rule, the Mediterranean coastal region of Algeria, housing the vast majority of its population, was an integral part of France from 1848 until its independence.
5. Ben Carlin becomes the first (and only) person to circumnavigate the world by amphibious vehicle, having travelled over 17,000 kilometres (11,000 mi) by sea and 62,000 kilometres (39,000 mi) by land during a ten-year journey.
  1. Ben Carlin
    
    Frederick Benjamin Carlin was an Australian adventurer who was the first person to circumnavigate the world in an amphibious vehicle. Born in Northam, Western Australia, Carlin attended Guildford Grammar School in Perth, and later studied mining engineering at the Kalgoorlie School of Mines. After qualifying as an engineer, he worked on the Goldfields before emigrating to China in 1939 to work in a British coal mine. In the Second World War, Carlin was posted to the Indian Army Corps of Engineers, serving in India, Italy, and throughout the Middle East. After his discharge from service in 1946, he emigrated to the United States with his American wife, Elinore.
  2. Circumnavigation
    
    Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body. This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.
  3. Amphibious vehicle
    
    An amphibious vehicle, is a vehicle that is a means of transport viable on land as well as on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious bicycles, ATVs, cars, buses, trucks, railway vehicles, combat vehicles and hovercraft.
1954
1. The anti-National Service Riots, by Chinese middle school students in Singapore, take place.
  1. 1954 National Service riots
    
    In December 1953, the British colonial government in Singapore passed the National Service Ordinance, requiring all male British subjects and Federal citizens between the ages of 18–20 to register for part-time National Service. The deadline for registration was on 12 May 1954 and those who fail to register would either be jailed or fined. On 12 May 1954, students from the Chinese Middle Schools still did not register themselves for National Service. In light of the impending deadline for registration and with requests from the Chinese students, Chief Secretary William Goode would later meet representatives from the affected student body in the government house on 13 May 1954.
  2. Singapore
    
    Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south, the South China Sea to the east, and the Straits of Johor to the north. The country's territory is composed of one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet; the combined area of these has increased by 25% since the country's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects. It has the third highest population density in the world. With a multicultural population and recognising the need to respect cultural identities of the major ethnic groups within the nation, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. English is the lingua franca and numerous public services are available only in English. Multiracialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies in education, housing, and politics.
1952
1. The Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India, holds its first sitting.
  1. Rajya Sabha
    
    The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2021 it has a maximum membership of 245, of which 233 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots, while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. The potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245, according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years, with about a third of the 238 designates up for election every two years, in even-numbered years. The Rajya Sabha meets in continuous sessions, and unlike the Lok Sabha, being the lower house of the Parliament, the Rajya Sabha is not subjected to dissolution. However, the Rajya Sabha, like the Lok Sabha, can be prorogued by the president.
  2. Upper house
    
    An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.
  3. Parliament of India
    
    The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The president in his role as head of the legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister and his Union Council of Ministers.
1951
1. The 400th anniversary of the founding of the National University of San Marcos is commemorated by the opening of the first large-capacity stadium in Peru.
  1. National University of San Marcos
    
    The National University of San Marcos is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru. It is considered the most important, recognized and representative educational institution at the national level. At the continental level, it is the first officially established and the oldest continuously operating university in the Americas, which is why it appears in official documents and publications as "University of Peru, Dean University of the Americas". It had its beginnings in the general studies that were offered in the cloisters of the convent of the Rosario of the order of Santo Domingo —current Basilica and Convent of Santo Domingo— around 1548. Its official foundation was conceived by Fray Thomas de San Martín on May 12, 1551; with the decree of Emperor Carlos I of Spain and V of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1571, it acquired the degree of pontifical granted by Pope Pius V with which it ended up being named as "Royal and Pontifical University of the City of the Kings of Lima". Being recognized by the Spanish Crown as the first university in America officially founded by Real cédula, it is also referred to as "University of Lima" throughout the Viceroyalty. Throughout its history, the university had a total of four colleges under tutelage: the Colegio Real y Mayor de San Martín and the Colegio Real y Mayor de San Felipe y San Marcos, the Real Colegio de San Carlos —focused on law and letters, derived from the merger of the two previous ones—and the Royal College of San Fernando—focused on medicine and surgery—. In the times of emancipation, it acquired a main role in the formation of several of the leaders managing the independence of Peru. After the proclamation of independence and during the republic, it maintains both colloquially and formally —in various treaties and documents historical—its name as "Universidad de Lima" until 1946, the year in which its current name and denomination as National and Major University were made official.
  2. Estadio Universidad San Marcos
    
    The Estadio de la UNMSM is a multi-purpose stadium located in Lima, Peru, belonging to the National University of San Marcos. It was inaugurated on May 13, 1951, with a seating capacity of 32,000 and covers an area of 48,782 m². Safety measures have been taken and they have reduced the maximum to 32,000 for the safety of the public. The stadium is used by several Peruvian teams who do not have a home ground. It has a running track and is near an archaeological excavation site known as Huaca San Marcos, which is also located in the center of the University City of the National University of San Marcos. In 2019, it was the main stadium for the football matches of the 2019 South American U-17 Championship and the 2019 Pan American Games.
1950
1. The inaugural Formula One World Championship race takes place at Silverstone Circuit. The race was won by Giuseppe Farina, who would go on to become the inaugural champion that year.
  1. 1950 British Grand Prix
    
    The 1950 British Grand Prix, formally known as The Royal Automobile Club Grand Prix d'Europe Incorporating The British Grand Prix, was a Formula One motor race held on 13 May 1950 at the Silverstone Circuit in Silverstone, England. It was the first World Championship Formula One race, as well as the fifth British Grand Prix, and the third to be held at Silverstone after motor racing resumed after World War II. It was the first race of seven in the 1950 World Championship of Drivers.
  2. Formula One
    
    Formula One is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The World Drivers' Championship, which became the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1981, has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural season in 1950. The word formula in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants' cars must conform. A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, which take place worldwide on both purpose-built circuits and closed public roads.
  3. Silverstone Circuit
    
    Silverstone Circuit is a motor racing circuit in England, near the Northamptonshire villages of Towcester, Silverstone and Whittlebury. It is the home of the British Grand Prix, which it first hosted as the 1948 British Grand Prix. The 1950 British Grand Prix at Silverstone was the first race in the newly created World Championship of Drivers. The race rotated between Silverstone, Aintree and Brands Hatch from 1955 to 1986, but settled permanently at the Silverstone track in 1987. The circuit also hosts the British round of the MotoGP series.
  4. Giuseppe Farina
    
    Emilio Giuseppe Farina, also known as Giuseppe Antonio "Nino" Farina, was an Italian racing driver and first official Formula One World Champion. He gained the title in 1950. He was the Italian Champion in 1937, 1938 and 1939.
  5. List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions
    
    Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body. The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and cars must conform. The Formula One World Championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held usually on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets. The World Drivers' Championship is presented by the FIA to the most successful Formula One driver over the course of the season through a points system based on individual Grand Prix results. The World Championship is won when it is no longer mathematically possible for another competitor to overtake their points total regardless of the outcome of the remaining races, although it is not officially awarded until the FIA Prize Giving Ceremony held in various cities following the conclusion of the season.
1948
1. Arab–Israeli War: The Kfar Etzion massacre occurs, a day prior to the Israeli Declaration of Independence.
  1. 1948 Arab–Israeli War
    
    The 1948 Arab–Israeli War was the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. It formally began following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948; the Israeli Declaration of Independence had been issued earlier that day, and a military coalition of Arab states entered the territory of British Palestine in the morning of 15 May.
  2. Kfar Etzion massacre
    
    The Kfar Etzion massacre refers to a massacre of Jews that took place after a two-day battle in which Jewish Kibbutz residents and Haganah militia defended Kfar Etzion from a combined force of the Arab Legion and local Arab men on May 13, 1948, the day before the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Of the 129 Haganah fighters and Jewish kibbutzniks who died during the defence of the settlement, Martin Gilbert states that fifteen were killed on surrendering.
  3. Israeli Declaration of Independence
    
    The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national holiday Independence Day on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar.
1945
1. World War II: Yevgeny Khaldei's photograph Raising a Flag over the Reichstag is published in Ogonyok magazine.
  1. Yevgeny Khaldei
    
    Yevgeny Ananyevich Khaldei was a Ukrainian Soviet Red Army naval officer and photographer. He is best known for his World War II photograph of a Soviet soldier raising a flag over the Reichstag in Berlin, capital of the vanquished Nazi Germany, at the close of the war.
  2. Raising a Flag over the Reichstag
    
    Raising a Flag over the Reichstag is an iconic World War II photograph, taken during the Battle of Berlin on 2 May 1945. The photograph was reprinted in thousands of publications and came to be regarded around the world as one of the most significant and recognizable images of World War II. Owing to the secrecy of Soviet media, the identities of the men in the picture were often disputed, as was that of the photographer, Yevgeny Khaldei. It became a symbol of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany.
  3. Ogoniok
    
    Ogoniok was one of the oldest weekly illustrated magazines in Russia.
1943
1. World War II: Operations Vulcan and Strike force the surrender of the last Axis troops in Tunisia.
  1. Operations Vulcan and Strike
    
    Operation Vulcan and Operation Strike were the final ground attacks by the Allied forces against the Italian and German forces in Tunis, Cape Bon, and Bizerte, the last Axis toeholds in North Africa, during the Tunisia Campaign of the Second World War.
1941
1. World War II: Yugoslav royal colonel Dragoljub Mihailović starts fighting against German occupation troops, beginning the Serbian resistance.
  1. Kingdom of Yugoslavia
    
    The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" was its colloquial name due to its origins. The official name of the state was changed to "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" by King Alexander I on 3 October 1929.
  2. Draža Mihailović
    
    Dragoljub "Draža" Mihailović was a Yugoslav Serb general during World War II. He was the leader of the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army (Chetniks), a royalist and nationalist movement and guerrilla force established following the German invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941.
  3. Serbia
    
    Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Montenegro to the southwest, and claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia with Kosovo has about 8.6 million inhabitants. Its capital Belgrade is also the largest city.
1940
1. Three days after becoming prime minister of the United Kingdom, Winston Churchill gave his "blood, toil, tears and sweat" speech to the House of Commons.
  1. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    
    The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern prime ministers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the House of Commons, they sit as members of Parliament.
  2. Winston Churchill
    
    Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924.
  3. Blood, toil, tears and sweat
    
    The phrase "blood, toil, tears and sweat" became famous in a speech given by Winston Churchill to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 13 May 1940. The speech is sometimes known by that name.
  4. House of Commons
    
    The House of Commons is the name for the elected lower house of the bicameral parliaments of the United Kingdom and Canada. In both of these countries, the Commons holds much more legislative power than the nominally upper house of parliament. The leader of the majority party in the House of Commons by convention becomes the prime minister. Other parliaments have also had a lower house called a "House of Commons".
2. World War II: Germany's conquest of France begins, as the German army crosses the Meuse. Winston Churchill makes his "blood, toil, tears, and sweat" speech to the House of Commons.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Battle of France
    
    The Battle of France, also known as the Western Campaign, the French Campaign and the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands during the Second World War. On 3 September 1939, France declared war on Germany following the German invasion of Poland. In early September 1939, France began the limited Saar Offensive and by mid-October had withdrawn to their start lines. German armies invaded Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. Italy entered the war on 10 June 1940 and attempted an invasion of France. France and the Low Countries were conquered, ending land operations on the Western Front until the Normandy landings on 6 June 1944.
  3. Meuse
    
    The Meuse or Maas is a major European river, rising in France and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands before draining into the North Sea from the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta. It has a total length of 925 km.
  4. Winston Churchill
    
    Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924.
  5. Blood, toil, tears and sweat
    
    The phrase "blood, toil, tears and sweat" became famous in a speech given by Winston Churchill to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 13 May 1940. The speech is sometimes known by that name.
  6. House of Commons of the United Kingdom
    
    The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England.
1917
1. Three children report the first apparition of Our Lady of Fátima in Fátima, Portugal.
  1. Our Lady of Fátima
    
    Our Lady of Fátima ; formally known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of Fátima) is a Catholic title of Mary, mother of Jesus, based on the Marian apparitions reported in 1917 by three shepherd children at the Cova da Iria in Fátima, Portugal. The three children were Lúcia dos Santos and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto. José Alves Correia da Silva, Bishop of Leiria, declared the events worthy of belief on 13 October 1930.
  2. Fátima, Portugal
    
    Fátima is a city in the municipality of Ourém and district of Santarém in the Central Region of Portugal, with 71.29 km2 of area and 13,212 inhabitants (2021). The homonymous civil parish encompasses several villages and localities of which the city of Fátima is the largest.
1913
1. The Russian inventor Igor Sikorsky flew the self-designed Russky Vityaz, the world's first four-engine fixed-wing aircraft.
  1. Igor Sikorsky
    
    Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky was a Russian–American aviation pioneer in both helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft. His first success came with the S-2, the second aircraft of his design and construction. His fifth airplane, the S-5, won him national recognition as well as F.A.I. license number 64. His S-6-A received the highest award at the 1912 Moscow Aviation Exhibition, and in the fall of that year the aircraft won first prize for its young designer, builder and pilot in the military competition at Saint Petersburg.
  2. Sikorsky Russky Vityaz
    
    The Sikorsky Russky Vityaz, or Russian Knight (S-21), previously known as the Bolshoi Baltisky (The Great Baltic) in its first four-engined version, was the first four-engine aircraft in the world, designed by Igor Sikorsky and built at the Russian Baltic Railroad Car Works in Saint Petersburg in early 1913.
  3. Fixed-wing aircraft
    
    A fixed-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine, such as an airplane, which is capable of flight using wings that generate lift caused by the aircraft's forward airspeed and the shape of the wings. Fixed-wing aircraft are distinct from rotary-wing aircraft, and ornithopters. The wings of a fixed-wing aircraft are not necessarily rigid; kites, hang gliders, variable-sweep wing aircraft and airplanes that use wing morphing are all examples of fixed-wing aircraft.
1912
1. The Royal Flying Corps, the forerunner of the Royal Air Force, is established in the United Kingdom.
  1. Royal Flying Corps
    
    The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the air arm of the British Army before and during the First World War until it merged with the Royal Naval Air Service on 1 April 1918 to form the Royal Air Force. During the early part of the war, the RFC supported the British Army by artillery co-operation and photographic reconnaissance. This work gradually led RFC pilots into aerial battles with German pilots and later in the war included the strafing of enemy infantry and emplacements, the bombing of German military airfields and later the strategic bombing of German industrial and transport facilities.
  2. Royal Air Force
    
    The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). Following the Allied victory over the Central Powers in 1918, the RAF emerged as the largest air force in the world at the time. Since its formation, the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history. In particular, it played a large part in the Second World War where it fought its most famous campaign, the Battle of Britain.
1909
1. The first edition of the Giro d'Italia began in Milan, with Italian cyclist Luigi Ganna becoming the eventual winner.
  1. 1909 Giro d'Italia
    
    The 1909 Giro d'Italia was the inaugural running of the Giro d'Italia, organized and sponsored by the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport. The event began in Milan on 13 May with a 397 km (247 mi) first stage to Bologna, finishing back in Milan on 30 May after a final stage of 206 km (128 mi) and a total distance covered of 2,447.9 km (1,521 mi). The race was won by the Italian rider Luigi Ganna of the Atala team, with fellow Italians Carlo Galetti and Giovanni Rossignoli coming in second and third respectively.
  2. Giro d'Italia
    
    The Giro d'Italia is an annual multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in Italy, while also starting in, or passing through, other countries. The first race was organized in 1909 to increase sales of the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport, and the race is still run by a subsidiary of that paper's owner. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1909, except during the two world wars. As the Giro gained prominence and popularity the race was lengthened, and the peloton expanded from primarily Italian participation to riders from all over the world. The Giro is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with some additional teams invited as 'wild cards'.
  3. Milan
    
    Milan is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city has 3.26 million inhabitants. Its continuously built-up urban area is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants. According to national sources, the population within the wider Milan metropolitan area, is estimated between 8.2 million and 12.5 million making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and one of the largest in the EU.
  4. Luigi Ganna
    
    Luigi Ganna was an Italian professional road racing cyclist. He was the overall winner of the first Giro d'Italia, held in 1909, as well as the first Italian winner of the classic Milan–San Remo earlier that year. Further highlights in his career were his fifth place in the 1908 Tour de France and several podium places in Italian classic races. In 1908 he set a new Italian hour record, which he held for six years.
1888
1. With the passage of the Lei Áurea ("Golden Law"), the Empire of Brazil abolishes slavery.
  1. Lei Áurea
    
    The Lei Áurea, adopted on May 13, 1888, was the law that abolished slavery in Brazil. It was signed by Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil (1846–1921), an opponent of slavery, who acted as regent to Emperor Pedro II, who was in Europe.
  2. Empire of Brazil
    
    The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II. A colony of the Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil became the seat of the Portuguese colonial Empire in 1808, when the Portuguese Prince regent, later King Dom John VI, fled from Napoleon's invasion of Portugal and established himself and his government in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. John VI later returned to Portugal, leaving his eldest son and heir-apparent, Pedro, to rule the Kingdom of Brazil as regent. On 7 September 1822, Pedro declared the independence of Brazil and, after waging a successful war against his father's kingdom, was acclaimed on 12 October as Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil. The new country was huge, sparsely populated and ethnically diverse.
  3. Slavery
    
    Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave, who is someone forbidden to quit their service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as their property. Slavery typically involves the enslaved person being made to perform some form of work while also having their location or residence dictated by the enslaver. Many historical cases of enslavement occurred when the enslaved broke the law, became indebted, or suffered a military defeat; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race. The duration of a person's enslavement might be for life, or for a fixed period of time, after which freedom would be granted. Although most forms of slavery are explicitly involuntary and involve the coercion of the enslaved, there also exists voluntary slavery, entered into by the enslaved to pay a debt or obtain money because of poverty. In the course of human history, slavery was a typical feature of civilization, legal in most societies, but it is now outlawed in most countries of the world, except as a punishment for a crime.
1862
1. American Civil War: Robert Smalls escaped from slavery by commandeering the CSS Planter and sailing it from Confederate-controlled waters to the Union blockade.
  1. American Civil War
    
    The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union and the Confederacy, the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction.
  2. Robert Smalls
    
    Robert Smalls was an American politician, publisher, businessman, and maritime pilot. Born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina, he freed himself, his crew, and their families during the American Civil War by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, CSS Planter, in Charleston harbor, on May 13, 1862, and sailing it from Confederate-controlled waters of the harbor to the U.S. blockade that surrounded it. He then piloted the ship to the Union-controlled enclave in Beaufort–Port Royal–Hilton Head area, where it became a Union warship. His example and persuasion helped convince President Abraham Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army.
  3. USS Planter (1862)
    
    USS Planter was a steamer taken over by Robert Smalls, a Southern slave and ship's pilot who steered the ship past Confederate defenses and surrendered it to Union Navy forces on 13 May 1862 during the American Civil War. The episode is missing from Scharf's History of the Confederate States Navy, except for one sentence saying that Smalls "stole" the ship.
  4. Confederate States of America
    
    The Confederate States of America (CSA), commonly referred to as the Confederate States, the Confederacy, or "the South", was an unrecognized breakaway republic in North America that existed from February 8, 1861, to May 9, 1865. The Confederacy comprised U.S. states that declared secession and warred against the United States during the American Civil War. Eleven U.S. states, nicknamed Dixie, declared secession and formed the main part of the CSA. They were South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Kentucky, and Missouri also had declarations of secession and full representation in the Confederate Congress during their Union army occupation.
  5. Union blockade
    
    The Union blockade in the American Civil War was a naval strategy by the United States to prevent the Confederacy from trading.
2. The USS Planter, a steamer and gunship, steals through Confederate lines and is passed to the Union, by a southern slave, Robert Smalls, who later was officially appointed as captain, becoming the first black man to command a United States ship.
  1. USS Planter (1862)
    
    USS Planter was a steamer taken over by Robert Smalls, a Southern slave and ship's pilot who steered the ship past Confederate defenses and surrendered it to Union Navy forces on 13 May 1862 during the American Civil War. The episode is missing from Scharf's History of the Confederate States Navy, except for one sentence saying that Smalls "stole" the ship.
  2. Robert Smalls
    
    Robert Smalls was an American politician, publisher, businessman, and maritime pilot. Born into slavery in Beaufort, South Carolina, he freed himself, his crew, and their families during the American Civil War by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, CSS Planter, in Charleston harbor, on May 13, 1862, and sailing it from Confederate-controlled waters of the harbor to the U.S. blockade that surrounded it. He then piloted the ship to the Union-controlled enclave in Beaufort–Port Royal–Hilton Head area, where it became a Union warship. His example and persuasion helped convince President Abraham Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army.
1861
1. The Australian astronomer John Tebbutt discovered the Great Comet of 1861, through the tail of which the Earth passed later that year.
  1. John Tebbutt
    
    John Tebbutt was an Australian astronomer, famous for discovering the "Great Comet of 1861".
  2. C/1861 J1
    
    The Great Comet of 1861, formally designated C/1861 J1 and 1861 II, is a long-period comet that was visible to the naked eye for approximately 3 months. It was categorized as a great comet—one of the eight greatest comets of the 19th century.
2. American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the Confederacy as having belligerent rights.
  1. American Civil War
    
    The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union and the Confederacy, the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction.
  2. United Kingdom and the American Civil War
    
    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland remained officially neutral throughout the American Civil War (1861–1865). It legally recognised the belligerent status of the Confederate States of America (CSA) but never recognised it as a nation and neither signed a treaty with it nor ever exchanged ambassadors. Over 90 percent of Confederate trade with Britain ended, causing a severe shortage of cotton by 1862. Private British blockade runners sent munitions and luxuries to Confederate ports in return for cotton and tobacco. In Manchester, the massive reduction of available American cotton caused an economic disaster referred to as the Lancashire Cotton Famine. Despite the high unemployment, some Manchester cotton workers refused out of principle to process any cotton from America, leading to direct praise from President Lincoln, whose statue in Manchester bears a plaque which quotes his appreciation for the textile workers in "helping abolish slavery". Top British officials debated offering to mediate in the first 18 months, which the Confederacy wanted but the United States strongly rejected.
3. The Great Comet of 1861 is discovered by John Tebbutt of Windsor, New South Wales, Australia.
  1. C/1861 J1
    
    The Great Comet of 1861, formally designated C/1861 J1 and 1861 II, is a long-period comet that was visible to the naked eye for approximately 3 months. It was categorized as a great comet—one of the eight greatest comets of the 19th century.
  2. John Tebbutt
    
    John Tebbutt was an Australian astronomer, famous for discovering the "Great Comet of 1861".
  3. Windsor, New South Wales
    
    Windsor is a historic town north-west of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is the council seat of the Hawkesbury local government area. The town sits on the Hawkesbury River, enveloped by farmland and Australian bush. Many of the oldest surviving European buildings in Australia are located at Windsor. It is 46 kilometres (29 mi) north-west of metropolitan Sydney, on the fringes of urban sprawl.
4. Pakistan's (then a part of British India) first railway line opens, from Karachi to Kotri.
  1. Pakistan Railways
    
    Pakistan Railways is the national, state-owned railway company of Pakistan. Founded in 1861 and headquartered in Lahore, it owns 7,791 kilometres of track across Pakistan, stretching from Torkham to Karachi, offering both freight and passenger services.
  2. History of rail transport in Pakistan
    
    Rail transport in Pakistan began in 1855 during the British Raj, when several railway companies began laying track and operating in present-day Pakistan. The country's rail system has been nationalised as Pakistan Railways. The system was originally a patchwork of local rail lines operated by small private companies, including the Scinde, Punjab and Delhi Railways and the Indus Steam Flotilla. In 1870, the four companies were amalgamated as the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway. Several other rail lines were built shortly thereafter, including the Sind–Sagar and Trans–Baluchistan Railways and the Sind–Pishin, Indus Valley, Punjab Northern and Kandahar State Railways. These six companies and the Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway merged to form the North Western State Railway in 1880. Following independence in 1947, the North Western Railway became Pakistan Western Railway and the rail system was reorganised; some of the reorganisation was controversial. Rail use increased in early 1948, and the network became profitable. Declining passenger numbers and financial losses in the late 1980s and early 1990s prompted the closure of many branch lines and small stations. The 1990s saw corporate mismanagement and severe cuts in rail subsidies. Due to falling passenger numbers, government subsidies are necessary to keep the railways financially viable.
  3. Karachi
    
    Karachi is the most populous city in Pakistan and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former capital of Pakistan and capital of the province of Sindh. Ranked as a beta-global city, it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion (PPP) as of 2021. Karachi paid $9billion as tax during fiscal year July 2021 to May 2022 according to FBR report. Karachi is Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse, as well as one of Pakistan's most secular and socially liberal cities. Karachi serves as a transport hub, and contains Pakistan’s two largest seaports, the Port of Karachi and Port Qasim, as well as Pakistan's busiest airport, Jinnah International Airport. Karachi is also a media center, home to news channels, film and fashion industry of Pakistan. Most of Pakistan's multinational companies and banks have their headquarters in Karachi. Karachi is also a tourism hub due to its scenic beaches, historic buildings and shopping malls.
  4. Kotri
    
    Kotri is a city and the headquarters of the Kotri Taluka of Jamshoro District of Sindh province in Pakistan. Located on the right bank of the Indus River, it is the 29th largest city in Pakistan by population.
1846
1. Mexican–American War: The United States declares war on the Federal Republic of Mexico following a dispute over the American annexation of the Republic of Texas and a Mexican military incursion.
  1. Mexican–American War
    
    The Mexican–American War, also known in the United States as the Mexican War and in Mexico as the Intervención estadounidense en México, was an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas, which Mexico still considered its territory. Mexico refused to recognize the Velasco treaty, because it was signed by President Antonio López de Santa Anna while he was captured by the Texan Army during the 1836 Texas Revolution. The Republic of Texas was de facto an independent country, but most of its Anglo-American citizens wanted to be annexed by the United States.
  2. United States
    
    The United States of America, commonly known as the United States or informally America, is a country in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. It is the third-largest country by both land and total area. The United States shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south. It has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 331 million, it is the third most populous country in the world. The national capital is Washington, D.C., and the most populous city and financial center is New York City.
  3. Second Federal Republic of Mexico
    
    The Second Federal Republic of Mexico is the name given to the second attempt to achieve a federalist government in Mexico after a period of centralism. Officially called the United Mexican States, a federal republic was established again on August 22, 1846 when interim president José Mariano Salas issued a decree restoring the 1824 constitution. The Second Republic continued to be rocked by the political instability that had characterized Mexico since independence. Mexico's loss in the war with the United States during this time saw half of Mexican territory become part of the United States.
  4. Texas annexation
    
    The Texas annexation was the 1845 annexation of the Republic of Texas into the United States. Texas was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845.
  5. Republic of Texas
    
    The Republic of Texas was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, that bordered Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande, and the United States of America, although Mexico considered it a rebellious province during its entire existence despite the Treaties of Velasco of May 1836. It was bordered by Mexico to the west and southwest, the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast, the two U.S. states of Louisiana and Arkansas to the east and northeast, and United States territories encompassing parts of the current U.S. states of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming, and New Mexico to the north and west. The Anglo residents of the area and of the republic became known as Texians.
  6. Thornton Affair
    
    The Thornton Affair, also known as the Thornton Skirmish, Thornton's Defeat, or Rancho Carricitos was a battle in 1846 between the military forces of the United States and Mexico 20 miles (32 km) west upriver from Zachary Taylor's camp along the Rio Grande. The much larger Mexican force defeated the Americans in the opening of hostilities, and was the primary justification for U.S. President James K. Polk's call to Congress to declare war.
1830
1. Ecuador gains its independence from Gran Colombia.
  1. Ecuador
    
    Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's capital and largest city is Quito.
  2. Gran Colombia
    
    Gran Colombia, or Greater Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, was a state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. It included present-day Colombia, mainland Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela, along with parts of northern Peru, northwestern Brazil, and Part of Guyana. The terms Gran Colombia and Greater Colombia are used historiographically to distinguish it from the current Republic of Colombia, which is also the official name of the former state.
1804
1. Forces sent by Yusuf Karamanli of Tripoli to retake Derna from the Americans attack the city.
  1. Yusuf Karamanli
    
    Yusuf Karamanli, Caramanli or Qaramanli or al-Qaramanli, was the longest-reigning Pasha of the Karamanli dynasty of Tripolitania. He is noted for his role in the Barbary Wars against the United States.
  2. Battle of Derna (1805)
    
    The Battle of Derna at Derna, Cyrenaica, was the decisive victory in April–May 1805 of a mercenary army recruited and led by United States Marines under the command of U.S. Army Lieutenant William Eaton, diplomatic Consul to Tripoli, and U.S. Marine Corps First Lieutenant Presley Neville O'Bannon. The battle involved a forced 521-mile (839-km) march through the North African desert from Alexandria, Egypt, to the eastern port city of Derna, Libya, which was defended by a much larger force.
1780
1. The Cumberland Compact is signed by leaders of the settlers in the Cumberland River area of what would become the U.S. state of Tennessee, providing for democratic government and a formal system of justice.
  1. Cumberland Compact
    
    The Cumberland Compact was both based on the earlier Articles of the Watauga Association composed at present day Elizabethton, Tennessee and is a foundation document of the Tennessee State Constitution. Signed on May 13, 1780, by early settlers led to the Cumberland River area by James Robertson and John Donelson, where they settled Fort Nashborough, which would later become Nashville, Tennessee.
  2. Cumberland River
    
    The Cumberland River is a major waterway of the Southern United States. The 688-mile-long (1,107 km) river drains almost 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of southern Kentucky and north-central Tennessee. The river flows generally west from a source in the Appalachian Mountains to its confluence with the Ohio River near Paducah, Kentucky, and the mouth of the Tennessee River. Major tributaries include the Obey, Caney Fork, Stones, and Red rivers.
  3. U.S. state
    
    In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its sovereignty with the federal government. Due to this shared sovereignty, Americans are citizens both of the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons restricted by certain types of court orders.
  4. Tennessee
    
    Tennessee, officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 16th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, Arkansas to the southwest, and Missouri to the northwest. Tennessee is geographically, culturally, and legally divided into three Grand Divisions of East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Nashville is the state's capital and largest city, and anchors its largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include Memphis, Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Clarksville. Tennessee's population as of the 2020 United States census is approximately 6.9 million.
1779
1. Negotiated by Russian and French mediators, the Treaty of Teschen was signed by Austria and Prussia, leading to the end of the War of the Bavarian Succession.
  1. Treaty of Teschen
    
    The Treaty of Teschen was signed on 13 May 1779 in Teschen, then in Austrian Silesia, between the Austrian Habsburg monarchy and the Kingdom of Prussia, which officially ended the War of the Bavarian Succession.
  2. War of the Bavarian Succession
    
    The War of the Bavarian Succession was a dispute between the Austrian Habsburg monarchy and an alliance of Saxony and Prussia over succession to the Electorate of Bavaria after the extinction of the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach. The Habsburgs sought to acquire Bavaria, and the alliance opposed them, favoring another branch of the Wittelsbachs. Both sides mobilized large armies, but the only fighting in the war was a few minor skirmishes. However, thousands of soldiers died from disease and starvation, earning the conflict the name Kartoffelkrieg in Prussia and Saxony; in Habsburg Austria, it was sometimes called the Zwetschgenrummel.
2. War of the Bavarian Succession: Russian and French mediators at the Congress of Teschen negotiate an end to the war. In the agreement Austria receives the part of its territory that was taken from it (the Innviertel).
  1. War of the Bavarian Succession
    
    The War of the Bavarian Succession was a dispute between the Austrian Habsburg monarchy and an alliance of Saxony and Prussia over succession to the Electorate of Bavaria after the extinction of the Bavarian branch of the House of Wittelsbach. The Habsburgs sought to acquire Bavaria, and the alliance opposed them, favoring another branch of the Wittelsbachs. Both sides mobilized large armies, but the only fighting in the war was a few minor skirmishes. However, thousands of soldiers died from disease and starvation, earning the conflict the name Kartoffelkrieg in Prussia and Saxony; in Habsburg Austria, it was sometimes called the Zwetschgenrummel.
  2. Treaty of Teschen
    
    The Treaty of Teschen was signed on 13 May 1779 in Teschen, then in Austrian Silesia, between the Austrian Habsburg monarchy and the Kingdom of Prussia, which officially ended the War of the Bavarian Succession.
  3. Innviertel
    
    The Innviertel is a traditional Austrian region southeast of the Inn river. It forms the western part of the state of Upper Austria and borders the German state of Bavaria. The Innviertel is one of the four traditional "quarters" of Upper Austria, the others being Hausruckviertel, Mühlviertel, and Traunviertel.
1654
1. A Venetian fleet under Admiral Cort Adeler breaks through a line of galleys and defeats the Turkish navy.
  1. Cort Adeler
    
    Cort Sivertsen Adeler, known in Denmark as Coort Sifvertsen Adelaer, in the Netherlands as Koert Sievertsen Adelaer and in Italy as Curzio Suffrido Adelborst, was the name of honour given to Kurt Sivertsen, a Norwegian seaman, who rendered distinguished service to the Danish and Dutch navies, and also to the Republic of Venice against the Turks.
1638
1. Construction began on the Red Fort in Delhi, the main residence of the Mughal emperors, now an iconic symbol of India.
  1. Red Fort
    
    The Red Fort or Lal Qila is a historic fort in Old Delhi, Delhi in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors. Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned construction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi. Originally red and white, its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who also constructed the Taj Mahal. The fort represents the peak in Mughal architecture under Shah Jahan, and combines Persianate palace architecture with Indian traditions.
  2. Mughal emperors
    
    The Mughal emperors were the supreme heads of state of the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh. The Mughal rulers styled themselves as "padishah", a title usually translated from Persian as "emperor". They began to rule parts of India from 1526, and by 1707 ruled most of the sub-continent. After that they declined rapidly, but nominally ruled territories until the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
1619
1. Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after being convicted of treason.
  1. Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
    
    Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Heer van Berkel en Rodenrijs (1600), Gunterstein (1611) and Bakkum (1613) was a Dutch statesman and revolutionary who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for independence from the Habsburg Castilian Empire.
  2. The Hague
    
    The Hague is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of the Netherlands is Amsterdam, The Hague has been described as the country's de facto capital. The Hague is also the capital of the province of South Holland, and the city hosts both the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court.
  3. Treason
    
    Treason is the crime of attacking a state authority to which one owes allegiance. This typically includes acts such as participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplomats, or its secret services for a hostile and foreign power, or attempting to kill its head of state. A person who commits treason is known in law as a traitor.
1612
1. Sword duel between Miyamoto Musashi and Sasaki Kojiro on the shores of Ganryū Island. Kojiro dies at the end.
  1. Miyamoto Musashi
    
    Miyamoto Musashi , also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke or, by his Buddhist name, Niten Dōraku, was a Japanese swordsman, philosopher, strategist, writer and rōnin, who became renowned through stories of his unique double-bladed swordsmanship and undefeated record in his 61 duels. Musashi, as he was often simply known, is considered a Kensei, a sword-saint of Japan. He was the founder of the Niten Ichi-ryū, or Nito Ichi-ryū, style of swordsmanship, and in his final years authored The Book of Five Rings and Dokkōdō.
  2. Sasaki Kojirō
    
    Sasaki Kojirō was a Japanese swordsman who may have lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods and is known primarily for the story of his battle with Miyamoto Musashi in 1612, where Sasaki was killed. Although suffering from defeat as well as death at the hands of Musashi, he is a revered and respected warrior in Japanese history and culture.
1568
1. Mary Queen of Scots is defeated at the Battle of Langside, part of the civil war between Queen Mary and the supporters of her son, James VI.
  1. Mary, Queen of Scots
    
    Mary, Queen of Scots, also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
  2. Battle of Langside
    
    The Battle of Langside was fought on 13 May 1568 between forces loyal to Mary, Queen of Scots, and forces acting in the name of her infant son James VI. Mary’s short period of personal rule ended in 1567 in recrimination, intrigue, and disaster when, after her capture at Carberry Hill, she was forced to abdicate in favour of James VI, her infant son. Mary was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle, while her Protestant half-brother, James Stewart, Earl of Moray, was appointed Regent on behalf of his nephew. In early May 1568 Mary escaped, heading west to the country of the Hamiltons, high among her remaining supporters, and the safety of Dumbarton Castle with the determination to restore her rights as queen. Mary was defeated and went into exile and captivity in England. The battle can be regarded as the start of the Marian civil war.
  3. Marian civil war
    
    The Marian civil war in Scotland (1568–1573) was a period of conflict which followed the abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her escape from Lochleven Castle in May 1568. Those who ruled in the name of her infant son James VI fought against the supporters of the Queen, who was exiled in England. Edinburgh Castle, which was garrisoned in her name, became the focus of the conflict and surrendered only after an English intervention in May 1573. The conflict in 1570 was called an "intestine war in the bowels of this commonwealth", and the period was called soon after an "intestine war driven by questions against authority."
1501
1. Amerigo Vespucci, this time under Portuguese flag, set sail for western lands.
  1. Amerigo Vespucci
    
    Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived.
1373
1. The English mystic Julian of Norwich (statue pictured) recovered from a severe illness during which she experienced a series of intense visions of Christ, which she later described in the first known English-language book written by a woman.
  1. Mysticism
    
    Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight in ultimate or hidden truths, and to human transformation supported by various practices and experiences.
  2. Julian of Norwich
    
    Julian of Norwich, also known as Juliana of Norwich, Dame Julian or Mother Julian, was an English mystic and anchoress of the Middle Ages. Her writings, now known as Revelations of Divine Love, are the earliest surviving English language works by a woman, although it is possible that some anonymous works may have had female authors. They are also the only surviving English language works by an anchoress.
  3. Visions of Jesus and Mary
    
    Since the Crucifixion of Jesus on Calvary, a number of people have claimed to have had visions of Jesus Christ and personal conversations with him. Some people make similar claims regarding his mother, Mary, who is often known as the Virgin Mary. Discussions about the authenticity of these visions have often invited controversy. The Catholic Church endorses a fraction of these claims, and various visionaries it accepts have achieved beatification, or even sainthood.
  4. Revelations of Divine Love
    
    Revelations of Divine Love is a medieval book of Christian mystical devotions. It was written between the 14th and 15th centuries by Julian of Norwich, about whom almost nothing is known. It is the earliest surviving example of a book in the English language known to have been written by a woman. It is also the earliest surviving work written by an English anchorite or anchoress.
2. Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book Revelations of Divine Love.
  1. Julian of Norwich
    
    Julian of Norwich, also known as Juliana of Norwich, Dame Julian or Mother Julian, was an English mystic and anchoress of the Middle Ages. Her writings, now known as Revelations of Divine Love, are the earliest surviving English language works by a woman, although it is possible that some anonymous works may have had female authors. They are also the only surviving English language works by an anchoress.
  2. Visions of Jesus and Mary
    
    Since the Crucifixion of Jesus on Calvary, a number of people have claimed to have had visions of Jesus Christ and personal conversations with him. Some people make similar claims regarding his mother, Mary, who is often known as the Virgin Mary. Discussions about the authenticity of these visions have often invited controversy. The Catholic Church endorses a fraction of these claims, and various visionaries it accepts have achieved beatification, or even sainthood.
  3. Revelations of Divine Love
    
    Revelations of Divine Love is a medieval book of Christian mystical devotions. It was written between the 14th and 15th centuries by Julian of Norwich, about whom almost nothing is known. It is the earliest surviving example of a book in the English language known to have been written by a woman. It is also the earliest surviving work written by an English anchorite or anchoress.

Births & Deaths

2022
1. Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, 2nd President of the United Arab Emirates (b. 1948) deaths
  1. Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
    
    Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the second president of the United Arab Emirates and the ruler of Abu Dhabi, serving from November 2004 until his death in May 2022.
  2. President of the United Arab Emirates
    
    The president of the United Arab Emirates, or the Raʾīs, is the head of state of the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
2019
1. Doris Day, American singer and actress (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Doris Day
    
    Doris Day was an American actress, singer, and activist. She began her career as a big band singer in 1939, achieving commercial success in 1945 with two No. 1 recordings, "Sentimental Journey" and "My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time" with Les Brown & His Band of Renown. She left Brown to embark on a solo career and recorded more than 650 songs from 1947 to 1967.
2. Unita Blackwell, American civil rights activist and politician (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Unita Blackwell
    
    Unita Zelma Blackwell was an American civil rights activist who was the first African-American woman to be elected mayor in the U.S. state of Mississippi. Blackwell was a project director for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and helped organize voter drives for African Americans across Mississippi. She was also a founder of the US–China Peoples Friendship Association, a group dedicated to promoting cultural exchange between the United States and China. She also served as an advisor to 6 US Presidents: Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton.
2018
1. Margot Kidder, Canadian-American actress (b. 1948) deaths
  1. Margot Kidder
    
    Margaret Ruth Kidder, known professionally as Margot Kidder, was a Canadian-American actress whose career spanned five decades. Her accolades include three Canadian Screen Awards and one Daytime Emmy Award. Though she appeared in an array of film and television roles, Kidder is most widely known for her performance as Lois Lane in the Superman film series, appearing in the first four films.
2015
1. Earl Averill, Jr., American baseball player (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Earl Averill Jr.
    
    Earl Douglas Averill was an American professional baseball player who was a catcher and outfielder in the Major Leagues in 1956 and from 1958 to 1963 for the Cleveland Indians, Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox, Los Angeles Angels and Philadelphia Phillies. He was commonly called Earl Averill Jr. to distinguish him from his father, Howard Earl Averill, who was a Hall of Fame baseball player in his own right.
2. Robert Drasnin, American clarinet player and composer (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Robert Drasnin
    
    Robert Drasnin was an American composer and clarinet player.
3. Nina Otkalenko, Russian runner (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Nina Otkalenko
    
    Nina Grigoryevna Otkalenko was a Soviet middle-distance runner. She won a European title in the 800 m at the inaugural 1954 European Athletics Championships and set multiple world records in this event in 1951–54. She missed the 1952 and 1956 Olympics, where women's middle-distance events were not part of the program, and the 1960 Olympics due to an injury.
4. David Sackett, American-Canadian physician and academic (b. 1934) deaths
  1. David Sackett
    
    David Lawrence Sackett was an American-Canadian physician and a pioneer in evidence-based medicine. He is known as one of the fathers of Evidence-Based Medicine. He founded the first department of clinical epidemiology in Canada at McMaster University, and the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. He is well known for his textbooks Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine.
5. Gainan Saidkhuzhin, Russian cyclist (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Gainan Saidkhuzhin
    
    Gainan Rakhmatovich Saidkhuzhin was a Russian Tatar cyclist and ten-time cycling champion of the Soviet Union. He competed in the road race at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics and finished in 34th and 41st places, respectively. In 1964 he also finished fifth in the 100 km team time trial.
2014
1. David Malet Armstrong, Australian philosopher and author (b. 1926) deaths
  1. David Malet Armstrong
    
    David Malet Armstrong, often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher. He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology, a functionalist theory of the mind, an externalist epistemology, and a necessitarian conception of the laws of nature. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008.
2. Malik Bendjelloul, Swedish director and producer (b. 1977) deaths
  1. Malik Bendjelloul
    
    Malik Bendjelloul was a Swedish documentary filmmaker, journalist and former child actor. He directed the 2012 documentary Searching for Sugar Man, which won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award.
3. J. F. Coleman, American soldier and pilot (b. 1918) deaths
  1. J. F. Coleman
    
    James Francis Coleman, nicknamed "Skeets", was an American military fighter and test pilot.
4. Ron Stevens, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1949) deaths
  1. Ron Stevens
    
    Ronald Gordon "Ron" Stevens, Q.C. was a Canadian politician. He was a member of the current Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the constituency of Calgary-Glenmore as a Progressive Conservative until his resignation on May 15, 2009. He was subsequently appointed a Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta on May 20, 2009, by the government of Canada.
5. Morning Glory Zell-Ravenheart, American occultist and author (b. 1948) deaths
  1. Morning Glory Zell-Ravenheart
    
    Morning Glory Zell-Ravenheart, born as Diana Moore, subsequently known as Morning Glory Ferns, Morning Glory Zell and briefly Morning G'Zell, was an American community leader, author, and lecturer in Neopaganism, as well as a priestess of the Church of All Worlds. An advocate of polyamory, she is credited with coining the word. With her husband Oberon Zell-Ravenheart, she designed deity images.
2013
1. Joyce Brothers, American psychologist, author, and actress (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Joyce Brothers
    
    Joyce Diane Brothers was an American psychologist, television personality, advice columnist, and writer.
2. Otto Herrigel, Namibian lawyer and politician (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Otto Herrigel
    
    Otto Herrigel was a Namibian businessman, and politician. He served as Namibia's first Minister of Finance between 1990 and 1992.
3. Jagdish Mali, Indian photographer (b. 1954) deaths
  1. Jagdish Mali
    
    Jagdish Mali was an Indian fashion and film photographer. He was the father of Bollywood actress Antara Mali. In his career he took images of celebrities like Rekha, Anupam Kher, Irrfan Khan, Manisha Koirala, Shabana Azmi etc.
4. Chuck Muncie, American football player (b. 1953) deaths
  1. Chuck Muncie
    
    Harry Vance "Chuck" Muncie was an American professional football player who was a running back for the New Orleans Saints and San Diego Chargers in the National Football League (NFL) from 1976 to 1984. He was selected to the Pro Bowl three times, and tied the then-NFL season record for rushing touchdowns in 1981.
5. Fyodor Tuvin, Russian footballer (b. 1973) deaths
  1. Fyodor Tuvin
    
    Fyodor Vladimirovich Tuvin was a Russian football midfielder.
6. Lynne Woolstencroft, Canadian politician (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Lynne Woolstencroft
    
    Lynne Elizabeth Woolstencroft was a Canadian politician and former mayor of Waterloo, Ontario.
2012
1. Arsala Rahmani Daulat, Afghan politician (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Arsala Rahmani Daulat
    
    Arsalan Rahmani Daulat was selected to serve in the Meshrano Jirga, the upper house of Afghanistan's national assembly, in 2005 and 2010. He was appointed a Deputy Minister for Higher Education under the Taliban, in 1998. The United Nations Security Council issued Security Council Resolution 1267 in 1999, which listed senior Taliban members. The United Nations requested member states to freeze the financial assets of those individuals. He was one of the individuals who were sanctioned. He was also one of the four former Taliban leaders that accepted the reconciliation offer from the Afghan government. He was also named deputy leader of Khuddamul Furqan for political affairs.
2. Donald "Duck" Dunn, American bass player, songwriter, and producer (b. 1941) deaths
  1. Donald "Duck" Dunn
    
    Donald "Duck" Dunn was an American bass guitarist, session musician, record producer, and songwriter. Dunn was notable for his 1960s recordings with Booker T. & the M.G.'s and as a session bassist for Stax Records. At Stax, Dunn played on thousands of records, including hits by Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, William Bell, Eddie Floyd, Johnnie Taylor, Albert King, Bill Withers, Elvis Presley and many others. In 1992, he was inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Booker T. & the M.G.'s. He is ranked number 40 on Bass Player magazine's list of "The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time".
3. Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz, Cuban-American theologian, author, and academic (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz
    
    Ada María Isasi-Díaz was a Cuban-American theologian who served as professor emerita of ethics and theology at Drew University in Madison, New Jersey. As a Hispanic theologian, she was an innovator of Hispanic theology in general and specifically of mujerista theology. She was founder and co-director of the Hispanic Institute of Theology at Drew University until her retirement in 2009.
4. Lee Richardson, English speedway rider (b. 1979) deaths
  1. Lee Richardson (speedway rider)
    
    Lee Stewart Richardson was a British international motorcycle speedway rider. Richardson represented Great Britain at senior and under-21 level and featured in several World Cup tournaments. Richardson was World Under 21 champion in 1999 and also won the Elite League Riders' Championship in 2003. He was also a fully fledged Grand Prix rider for four seasons from 2003 until 2006. Richardson joined the Lakeside Hammers for the 2009 season. On 13 May 2012, Richardson died of internal bleeding in a Wrocław hospital following a collision with a safety fence during a Polish League match.
5. Don Ritchie, Australian humanitarian (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Don Ritchie
    
    Donald Taylor Ritchie, OAM was an Australian who intervened in many suicide attempts. He officially rescued at least 180 people who had intended to attempt suicide at the Gap.
6. Nguyễn Văn Thiện, Vietnamese bishop (b. 1906) deaths
  1. Nguyễn Văn Thiện
    
    Antoine Nguyễn Văn Thiện was a Vietnamese Roman Catholic bishop and the oldest of the Catholic Church at 106 years of age. He was also one of the last living bishops to have served in South Vietnam.
2011
1. Derek Boogaard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1982) deaths
  1. Derek Boogaard
    
    Derek Leendert Boogaard was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played for the Minnesota Wild and the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL).
2. Stephen De Staebler, American sculptor and educator (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Stephen De Staebler
    
    Stephen De Staebler was an American sculptor, printmaker, and educator, he was best recognized for his work in clay and bronze. Totemic and fragmented in form, De Staebler's figurative sculptures call forth the many contingencies of the human condition, such as resiliency and fragility, growth and decay, earthly boundedness and the possibility for spiritual transcendence. An important figure in the California Clay Movement, he is credited with "sustaining the figurative tradition in post-World War II decades when the relevance and even possibility of embracing the human figure seemed problematic at best."
3. Wallace McCain, Canadian businessman, co-founded McCain Foods (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Wallace McCain
    
    George Wallace Ferguson McCain was a Canadian businessman and co-founder of McCain Foods. With an estimated net worth of $US 4.15 billion, McCain was ranked by Forbes as the 13th wealthiest Canadian and 512th in the world.
  2. McCain Foods
    
    McCain Foods Limited is a Canadian multinational frozen food company established in 1957 in Florenceville, New Brunswick, Canada.
4. Bruce Ricker, American director and producer (b. 1942) deaths
  1. Bruce Ricker
    
    Bruce Ricker was a jazz and blues documentarian. He is best known for his collaboration with Clint Eastwood on films about jazz and blues legends.
2009
1. Frank Aletter, American actor (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Frank Aletter
    
    Frank George Aletter was an American theatre, film, and television actor.
2. Meir Brandsdorfer, Belgian rabbi (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Meir Brandsdorfer
    
    Rabbi Meir Brandsdorfer was a member of the Rabbinical Court of the Edah HaChareidis, the Haredi Ashkenazi community in Jerusalem, and was in charge of their Kashrut operations, especially matters of Shechita.
3. Achille Compagnoni, Italian skier and mountaineer (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Achille Compagnoni
    
    Achille Compagnoni was an Italian mountaineer and skier. Together with Lino Lacedelli on 31 July 1954 he was in the first party to reach the summit of K2.
2008
1. Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Kuwaiti ruler, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Saad Al-Salim Al-Sabah
    
    Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah was the Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwait Military Forces during a short reign of nine days, succeeding Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah.
  2. Emir of Kuwait
    
    The Emir of the State of Kuwait is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait, the country's most powerful office. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.
2. Ron Stone, American journalist and author (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Ron Stone (reporter)
    
    Ron Stone was an American news anchor at KPRC-TV in Houston, Texas for 20 years from 1972 to 1992. He was called "the most popular and revered news anchor the city has ever known" by the Houston Chronicle. He was president of Stonefilms, Inc., a Texas production company.
2006
1. Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian and scholar (b. 1923) deaths
  1. Jaroslav Pelikan
    
    Jaroslav Jan Pelikan Jr. was an American scholar of the history of Christianity, Christian theology, and medieval intellectual history at Yale University.
2. Johnnie Wilder, Jr., American singer (b. 1949) deaths
  1. Johnnie Wilder Jr.
    
    Johnnie James Wilder Jr. was the co-founder and lead vocalist of the international R&B/funk group Heatwave, who were popular during the late 1970s with hits such as "Boogie Nights", "Mind Blowing Decisions", "Always and Forever", and "The Groove Line", on which Wilder sang co-lead vocals.
2005
1. Eddie Barclay, French record producer, founded Barclay Records (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Eddie Barclay
    
    Édouard Ruault, better known as Eddie Barclay, was a French music producer whose singers included Jacques Brel, Dalida and Charles Aznavour. He founded record label Barclay.
  2. Barclay (record label)
    
    Barclay is a French record company and label founded by Eddie Barclay in 1953.
2. George Dantzig, American mathematician and academic (b. 1914) deaths
  1. George Dantzig
    
    George Bernard Dantzig was an American mathematical scientist who made contributions to industrial engineering, operations research, computer science, economics, and statistics.
2002
1. Ruth Cracknell, Australian actress and author (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Ruth Cracknell
    
    Ruth Winifred Cracknell AM was an Australian character and comic actress, comedienne and author, her career encompassing all genres including radio, theatre, television and film. She appeared in many dramatic as well as comedy roles throughout a career spanning some 56 years. In theatre she was well known for her Shakespeare roles.
2. Valeriy Lobanovskyi, Ukrainian footballer and manager (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Valeriy Lobanovskyi
    
    Valeriy Vasylyovych Lobanovskyi was а Soviet football player and manager. He was Master of Sports of the USSR, Distinguished Coach of the USSR, and a laureate of the UEFA Order of Merit in Ruby (2002) and FIFA Order of Merit, the highest honour awarded by FIFA. In 2002 he was awarded the Hero of Ukraine award (posthumously), his nation's highest honour, for his contribution to Ukrainian football. In 2008, Lobanovskyi was ranked 6th in Inter's list of the 100 Greatest Ukrainians following a nationwide poll that saw around 2.5 million people casting their votes.
2001
1. Jason Miller, American actor and playwright (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Jason Miller (playwright)
    
    Jason Miller was an American playwright and actor. He won the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for Drama and Tony Award for Best Play for his play That Championship Season, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Father Damien Karras in the 1973 horror film The Exorcist, a role he reprised in The Exorcist III. He later became artistic director of the Scranton Public Theatre in Scranton, Pennsylvania, where That Championship Season was set.
2000
1. Paul Bartel, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1938) deaths
  1. Paul Bartel
    
    Paul Bartel was an American actor, writer and director. He was perhaps most known for his 1982 hit black comedy Eating Raoul, which he wrote, starred in and directed.
2. Jumbo Tsuruta, Japanese wrestler (b. 1951) deaths
  1. Jumbo Tsuruta
    
    Tomomi "Tommy" Tsuruta , better known by his ring name Jumbo Tsuruta , was a Japanese professional wrestler who wrestled for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) for most of his career, and is well known for being the first ever Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion, having won the PWF Heavyweight Championship, the NWA United National Championship, and the NWA International Heavyweight Championship, and unifying the three titles. He is also known for being one-half of the first World Tag Team Champions with Yoshiaki Yatsu, having won the NWA International Tag Team Championship and the PWF Tag Team Championship, and unifying the two titles.
1999
1. Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz, Saudi Arabian scholar and academic (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Abd al-Aziz Ibn Baz
    
    Sheikh Abd al Aziz ibn Abdullah ibn Baz was a Saudi Arabian Islamic scholar who served as the Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia from 1993 until his death in 1999. According to French political scientist Gilles Kepel, ibn Baz was a "figurehead" whose "immense religious erudition and his reputation for intransigence" gave him prestige among the population of Saudi Arabia. He "could reinforce the Saud family's policies through his influence with the masses of believers". His death left the government without a comparable figure from amongst Salafi scholars to "fill his shoes". He was a leading proponent of the Wahhabism school of thought.
2. Gene Sarazen, American golfer and journalist (b. 1902) deaths
  1. Gene Sarazen
    
    Gene Sarazen was an American professional golfer, one of the world's top players in the 1920s and 1930s, and the winner of seven major championships. He is one of five players to win each of the four majors at least once, now known as the Career Grand Slam: U.S. Open , PGA Championship , The Open Championship (1932), and Masters Tournament (1935).
1997
1. Reimis Smith, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Reimis Smith
    
    Reimis Smith is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre and winger for the Melbourne Storm in the NRL.
1995
1. Hao Wang, Chinese-American logician, philosopher, and mathematician (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Hao Wang (academic)
    
    Hao Wang was a Chinese-American logician, philosopher, mathematician, and commentator on Kurt Gödel.
1994
1. Łukasz Moneta, Polish footballer births
  1. Łukasz Moneta
    
    Łukasz Moneta is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a left midfielder for Ruch Chorzów.
2. Duncan Hamilton, Irish-English race car driver (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Duncan Hamilton (racing driver)
    
    James Duncan Hamilton was a British racing driver. He was famed for his colourful and extrovert personality, which often overshadowed his genuine talent. After fighting in, and surviving the Second World War, he took up motorsport. Although adept in single-seaters, sportscars was where he enjoyed most success, winning the 1953 24 Heures du Mans, two Coupe de Paris events, and the 12 heures internationals Reims race in 1956. He retired in 1958 and ran a garage in Bagshot, Surrey for many years. He died from lung cancer in 1994.
3. John Swainson, Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd Governor of Michigan (b. 1925) deaths
  1. John Swainson
    
    John Burley Swainson was a Canadian-American politician and jurist who served as the 42nd governor of Michigan from 1961 to 1963.
  2. Governor of Michigan
    
    The Governor of Michigan is the head of state, head of government, and chief executive of the U.S. state of Michigan. The current governor is Gretchen Whitmer, a member of the Democratic Party, who was inaugurated on January 1, 2019, as the state's 49th governor. She was re-elected to serve a second term in 2022. The governor is elected to a 4-year term and is limited to two terms.
1993
1. Stefan Kraft, Austrian ski jumper births
  1. Stefan Kraft
    
    Stefan Kraft is an Austrian ski jumper. He is one of the most successful contemporary athletes in ski jumping, having won the Ski Jumping World Cup and Ski Flying World Cup overall titles twice each, the Four Hills Tournament and Raw Air Tournament once each, and three individual gold medals at the World Championships. Since March 2017, he has held the ski flying world record of 253.5 metres (832 ft).
2. Debby Ryan, American actress and singer births
  1. Debby Ryan
    
    Deborah Ann Ryan, known professionally as Debby Ryan, is an American actress and singer. Ryan started acting in professional theatres at the age of seven, and was later discovered in a nationwide search by Disney Channel. From 2008 to 2011, she starred as Bailey Pickett on The Suite Life on Deck and appeared in the 2010 Disney Channel Original Movie 16 Wishes as Abby Jensen. Ryan also appeared in the 2010 independent theatrical film What If... as Kim Walker.
3. Romelu Lukaku, Belgian footballer births
  1. Romelu Lukaku
    
    Romelu Lukaku Bolingoli is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club Inter Milan, on loan from Premier League club Chelsea, and the Belgium national team.
4. Siim-Tanel Sammelselg, Estonian ski jumper births
  1. Siim-Tanel Sammelselg
    
    Siim-Tanel Sammelselg is an Estonian ski jumper.
5. Tones and I, Australian singer-songwriter births
  1. Tones and I
    
    Toni Watson, known professionally as Tones and I, is an Australian singer, songwriter, and record producer. Her breakout single, "Dance Monkey", reached number one in over 30 countries, including Australia. In November 2019, it broke the ARIA record for the most weeks at number one on their singles chart by any artist with 16 weeks. By mid-January 2020, "Dance Monkey" had spent its 24th and final week at number one, beating Bing Crosby's all-time Australian record for his version of "White Christmas", which spent an equivalent of 22 weeks at the top in 1943. "Dance Monkey" was certified 17× platinum by ARIA for shipments of over 1,190,000 units by mid-2022.
6. Morgan Wallen, American singer-songwriter births
  1. Morgan Wallen
    
    Morgan Cole Wallen is an American country singer and songwriter. He competed in the sixth season of The Voice, originally as a member of Usher's team, but later as a member of Adam Levine's team. After being eliminated in the playoffs of that season, he signed to Panacea Records, releasing his debut EP, Stand Alone, in 2015.
1992
1. Bill Arnold, American ice hockey player births
  1. Bill Arnold (ice hockey)
    
    William Norris Arnold is an American former professional ice hockey center who played for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was a fourth round selection of the Flames, 108th overall, at the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. Arnold played four seasons of college hockey for the Boston College Eagles between 2010 and 2014, and was a member of the school's 2012 national championship team.
2. Willson Contreras, Venezuelan baseball player births
  1. Willson Contreras
    
    Willson Eduardo Contreras is a Venezuelan professional baseball catcher who is a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs. He made his MLB debut in 2016 and was a member of the 2016 World Series champions. Contreras was voted as a starter in the MLB All-Star Game in 2018, 2019, and 2022.
3. Josh Papalii, New Zealand-Australian rugby league player births
  1. Josh Papali'i
    
    Josh Papali'i is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a prop for the Canberra Raiders in the National Rugby League (NRL). He has played for both Australia and Samoa at international level.
4. Georgina García Pérez, Spanish tennis player births
  1. Georgina García Pérez
    
    Georgina García Pérez is a Spanish tennis player.
5. F. E. McWilliam, Irish sculptor (b. 1909) deaths
  1. F. E. McWilliam
    
    Frederick Edward McWilliam, was a Northern Irish surrealist sculptor. He worked chiefly in stone, wood and bronze.
1991
1. Jen Beattie, Scottish footballer births
  1. Jen Beattie
    
    Jennifer Patricia Beattie is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Arsenal of the FA WSL and the Scotland national team. Beattie is a tall, strong, right-footed player. Although typically a defender or midfielder, she is also an accomplished goalscorer. She is the daughter of former Scotland and British Lions rugby union player, John Beattie.
2. Anders Fannemel, Norwegian ski jumper births
  1. Anders Fannemel
    
    Anders Fannemel is a Norwegian ski jumper. He is a former ski flying world record holder, with 251.5 m (825 ft) set in Vikersund on 15 February 2015.
1990
1. Mychal Givens, American baseball player births
  1. Mychal Givens
    
    Mychal Antonio Givens is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He has previously played in MLB for the Baltimore Orioles, Colorado Rockies, Cincinnati Reds,Chicago Cubs and New York Mets. He made his MLB debut in 2015 with the Orioles.
1989
1. P. K. Subban, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. P. K. Subban
    
    Pernell-Karl Sylvester Subban is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. Between 2009 and 2022, he played 13 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Montreal Canadiens, Nashville Predators, and New Jersey Devils. The Canadiens selected Subban in the second round, 43rd overall, of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. In 2013, he won the Norris Trophy as the NHL's top defenceman, and tied with Kris Letang as the season’s leading scorer among defencemen. In the summer of 2014, he signed an eight-year, $72 million contract with the Canadiens, running through the 2021–22 season. After the 2015–16 season, Subban was traded to the Nashville Predators, where he spent three seasons before being traded to New Jersey in 2019. He is also an analyst for the NHL on ESPN.
1988
1. Paulo Avelino, Filipino actor and singer births
  1. Paulo Avelino
    
    Michael Paulo Lingbanan Avelino is a Filipino actor, singer, model and a movie producer. Regarded as the "Prince of Philippine Teleserye", he is best known in television series such as Walang Hanggan (2012), Bridges of Love (2015), The General's Daughter (2020) he made a breakthrough role as Gregorio del Pilar in the Philippine war epic Heneral Luna (2015), which he reprised in a titular role for its sequel, Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral (2018).
2. Casey Donovan, Australian singer-songwriter births
  1. Casey Donovan (singer)
    
    Casey Donovan is an Australian singer, songwriter, actress, theatre actress and author, best known for winning the second season of the singing competition show Australian Idol in 2004. She won the competition at age 16, becoming the series' youngest winner. In 2017, Donovan won the third series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here. Donovan also hosted the NITV music show Fusion with Casey Donovan.
3. Chet Baker, American singer and trumpet player (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Chet Baker
    
    Chesney Henry "Chet" Baker Jr. was an American jazz trumpeter and vocalist. He is known for major innovations in cool jazz that led him to be nicknamed the "Prince of Cool".
1987
1. Antonio Adán, Spanish footballer births
  1. Antonio Adán
    
    Antonio Adán Garrido is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Primeira Liga club Sporting CP.
2. Hugo Becker, French actor births
  1. Hugo Becker (actor)
    
    Hugo Becker is a French actor, director and producer. He is known for his roles as Louis Grimaldi in the American drama television series Gossip Girl and Romain in the French thriller series Chefs.
3. Matt Doyle, American actor and singer births
  1. Matt Doyle (actor)
    
    Matthew Finnen Doyle is an American actor and singer known for his work in musical theater. He made his Broadway debut in 2007 in Spring Awakening as replacement for the role of Hanschen, and later had supporting roles in the Broadway productions of Bye Bye Birdie in 2009 and War Horse in 2011. He joined The Book of Mormon in 2012, replacing Nic Rouleau as Elder Price.
4. Laura Izibor, Irish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer births
  1. Laura Izibor
    
    Laura Elizabeth Arabosa Izibor is an Irish recording artist, musician and producer. She won the 2FM Song Contest while still in secondary school. She went on to win an award at the 2006 Meteor Music Awards. She also performed at that year's Electric Picnic music festival and Music Ireland 2007. Izibor has opened for Aretha Franklin, India Arie, Estelle, Maxwell, and John Legend on tour.
5. Candice King, American singer-songwriter and actress births
  1. Candice King
    
    Candice René King is an American actress and singer. She is best known for her role as Caroline Forbes in The CW supernatural drama series The Vampire Diaries and her recurring role as the same character on the spin-off series The Originals and Legacies
6. Sandro Mareco, Argentine chess player births
  1. Sandro Mareco
    
    Sandro Fabio Mareco is an Argentine chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 2010. Mareco competed in the FIDE World Cup in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021. He has played for the Argentine national team in the Chess Olympiad since 2012.
7. Hunter Parrish, American actor and singer births
  1. Hunter Parrish
    
    Hunter Parrish Tharp is an American actor and singer. He is known for playing the role of Silas Botwin in the Showtime series Weeds and for his performances in the Broadway productions of Godspell in the role of Jesus and Spring Awakening as Melchior.
8. Marianne Vos, Dutch cyclist births
  1. Marianne Vos
    
    Marianne Vos is a Dutch multi-discipline cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam Team Jumbo–Visma.
9. Charlotte Wessels, Dutch singer-songwriter births
  1. Charlotte Wessels
    
    Johanna Charlotte Wessels is a Dutch singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. She is best known as the former lead vocalist for the Dutch symphonic metal band Delain.
10. Bobby Shuttleworth, American soccer player births
  1. Bobby Shuttleworth
    
    Robert "Bobby" Shuttleworth is an American former professional soccer player who played as a goalkeeper for multiple teams in MLS and USL Championship.
1986
1. Lena Dunham, American actress, director, and screenwriter births
  1. Lena Dunham
    
    Lena Dunham is an American writer, director, actress, and producer. She is known as the creator, writer, and star of the HBO television series Girls (2012–2017), for which she received several Emmy Award nominations and two Golden Globe Awards. Dunham also directed several episodes of Girls and became the first woman to win the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Comedy Series. Prior to Girls, Dunham wrote, directed, and starred in the semi-autobiographical independent film Tiny Furniture (2010), for which she won an Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay. Her second feature film, Sharp Stick, written and directed by Dunham, was released in 2022. Her third film, Catherine Called Birdy, had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2022. It was released in a limited release on September 23, 2022, by Amazon Studios, prior to streaming on Prime Video on October 7, 2022.
2. Eun-Hee Ji, South Korean golfer births
  1. Ji Eun-hee
    
    Ji Eun-hee, also known as Eun-Hee Ji, is a South Korean professional golfer who plays on the U.S.-based LPGA Tour. She is also a member of the South Korean KLPGA.
3. Robert Pattinson, English actor births
  1. Robert Pattinson
    
    Robert Douglas Thomas Pattinson is an English actor. Known for starring in both big-budget and independent films, Pattinson has ranked among the world's highest-paid actors. In 2010, Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people in the world, and he was featured in the Forbes Celebrity 100 list.
4. Alexander Rybak, Belarusian-Norwegian singer-songwriter, violinist, and actor births
  1. Alexander Rybak
    
    Alexander Igorevich Rybak or Alyaxandr Iharavich Rybak is a Belarusian-Norwegian singer-composer, violinist, pianist and actor.
5. Scott Sutter, English footballer births
  1. Scott Sutter
    
    Scott Lee Sutter is a Swiss footballer who plays as a right-back. Previously he spent 14 years playing in the Swiss Super League for Grasshopper Zürich, FC Zurich and Young Boys and in Major League Soccer for Orlando City SC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC. Sutter has represented Switzerland at the under-21 and the senior level.
6. Nino Schurter, Swiss cyclist births
  1. Nino Schurter
    
    Nino Schurter is a Swiss cross-country cyclist who races for the SCOTT-SRAM MTB Racing Team.
7. Kris Versteeg, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Kris Versteeg
    
    Kristopher Royce Versteeg is a Canadian entrepreneur and former professional ice hockey winger. During his career, he played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Philadelphia Flyers, Florida Panthers, Carolina Hurricanes, Los Angeles Kings, Calgary Flames, Avangard Omsk, Växjö Lakers and Nitra. Versteeg is a two-time Stanley Cup champion with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010 and 2015.
1985
1. Javier Balboa, Spanish-Equatoguinean footballer births
  1. Javier Balboa
    
    Javier Ángel Balboa Osa is a Spanish-born Equatoguinean former professional footballer who played as a winger, most notably for Real Madrid and Benfica.
2. Jaroslav Halák, Slovak ice hockey player births
  1. Jaroslav Halák
    
    Jaroslav Halák is a Slovak professional ice hockey goaltender for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). Halák was selected with the 271st overall pick by the Montreal Canadiens in the ninth and final round of the 2003 NHL Entry Draft.
3. David Hernandez, American baseball player births
  1. David Hernandez (baseball)
    
    David Jose Hernandez is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles, Philadelphia Phillies, Atlanta Braves, Los Angeles Angels, Arizona Diamondbacks, and Cincinnati Reds. He attended Cosumnes River College.
4. Carolina Luján, Argentine chess player births
  1. Carolina Luján
    
    María Carolina Luján is an Argentine chess player holding the FIDE titles of International Master and Woman Grandmaster.
5. Iwan Rheon, Welsh actor and singer births
  1. Iwan Rheon
    
    Iwan Rheon is a Welsh actor, singer, and musician. He is best known for his roles as Simon Bellamy in the E4 series Misfits, Ramsay Bolton in the HBO series Game of Thrones, and Mötley Crüe guitarist Mick Mars in the film The Dirt. He has also appeared in the series Vicious, Riviera, and Inhumans.
6. Travis Zajac, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Travis Zajac
    
    Travis Zajac is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. Zajac was selected in the first round, 20th overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft, with whom he would go on to play for 15 years and over 1,000 NHL games. He also briefly played for the New York Islanders.
7. Leatrice Joy, American actress (b. 1893) deaths
  1. Leatrice Joy
    
    Leatrice Joy was an American actress most prolific during the silent film era.
8. Richard Ellmann, American literary critic and biographer (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Richard Ellmann
    
    Richard David Ellmann, FBA was an American literary critic and biographer of the Irish writers James Joyce, Oscar Wilde, and William Butler Yeats. He won the U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction for James Joyce (1959), which is one of the most acclaimed literary biographies of the 20th century. Its 1982 revised edition was similarly recognised with the award of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. Ellmann was a liberal humanist, and his academic work focused on the major modernist writers of the twentieth century.
1984
1. J. B. Cox, American baseball player births
  1. J. B. Cox
    
    J. Brent Cox is an American former baseball relief pitcher.
2. Benny Dayal, Indian singer births
  1. Benny Dayal
    
    Benny Dayal is an Indian playback singer. He is a prominent singer in Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali, Gujarati and Marathi and more languages films. He has sung more than 3500 songs in 19+ Indian languages. He is a member of the band S5, launched by SS Music TV channel. He made his acting debut in the Malayalam movie By the People, a suspense thriller. All the songs were sung by S5 members and it was then that A.R. Rahman noticed him and took an audition.
3. Dawn Harper, American hurdler births
  1. Dawn Harper-Nelson
    
    Dawn Harper-Nelson is an American track and field athlete who specializes in the 100-meter hurdles. She was the gold medalist in the event at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the silver medalist in the 2012 London Olympic Games and the 2017 World Championships. Harper is the first American 100-meter hurdler to ever win gold at an Olympics and medal in the following Olympics. She is trained by Bob Kersee, husband of Jackie Joyner-Kersee, six time Olympic medalist also from her hometown of East St. Louis, Illinois. She is a member of the 2022 class of the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame.
4. Caroline Rotich, Kenyan runner births
  1. Caroline Rotich
    
    Caroline Rotich is a Kenyan long-distance runner who competes in half marathon and marathon races. She has won the Las Vegas Marathon, New York Half Marathon and the Boston Marathon. She represented Kenya at the World Championships in Athletics in 2011 and has personal bests of 2:23:22 for the marathon and 1:09:09 for the half marathon.
1983
1. Natalie Cassidy, English actress and singer births
  1. Natalie Cassidy
    
    Natalie Ann Cassidy is an English actress. She has played Sonia Fowler in EastEnders since 1993, appeared in the BBC Two sitcom-horror Psychoville and was a contestant on the seventh series of Strictly Come Dancing and the ninth series of Celebrity Big Brother.
2. Anita Görbicz, Hungarian handball player births
  1. Anita Görbicz
    
    Anita Görbicz is a former Hungarian handballer who played for Győri Audi ETO KC and the Hungary national team. She is widely regarded as one of the best handball players of all time, and was voted IHF World Player of the Year in 2005 by the International Handball Federation. Görbicz has also been given the nickname the Queen of Handball internationally.
3. Johnny Hoogerland, Dutch cyclist births
  1. Johnny Hoogerland
    
    Johnny Hoogerland is a Dutch former professional cyclist, who rode professionally between 2004 and 2016 for the Van Hermet–Eurogifts, Jartazi–7Mobile, Van Vliet–EBH Elshof, Vacansoleil–DCM, Androni Giocattoli–Venezuela and Roompot–Oranje Peloton squads.
4. Grégory Lemarchal, French singer (d. 2007) births
  1. Grégory Lemarchal
    
    Grégory Jean-Paul Lemarchal, known professionally as Grégory Lemarchal, was a French singer who rose to fame by winning the fourth series of the reality television show Star Academy, which was broadcast on the TF1.
5. Jacob Reynolds, American actor, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Jacob Reynolds
    
    Jacob Reynolds is an American film actor. He is known for his role as Solomon in the cult film Gummo.
6. Yaya Touré, Ivorian footballer births
  1. Yaya Touré
    
    Gnégnéri Yaya Touré is an Ivorian professional football coach and former player who played as a midfielder. He is an academy coach for Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur.
1982
1. Albert Crusat, Spanish footballer births
  1. Albert Crusat
    
    Albert Crusat Domènech is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a winger.
2. Larry Fonacier, Filipino basketball player births
  1. Larry Fonacier
    
    Larry Alexander Nacua Fonacier is a Filipino professional basketball player for the NLEX Road Warriors of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was drafted fourteenth overall by the Red Bull Barako in the 2005 PBA draft.
3. Oguchi Onyewu, American soccer player births
  1. Oguchi Onyewu
    
    Oguchialu Chijioke Onyewu is an American former soccer player who is the secretary-general of R.E. Virton. He was previously the sporting director for Orlando City B.
1981
1. Luciana Berger, English politician births
  1. Luciana Berger
    
    Luciana Clare Berger is a British former Member of Parliament who was MP for Liverpool Wavertree from 2010 to 2019. Initially a member of Labour Co-op, in 2019 she left and co-founded The Independent Group, later Change UK, before joining the Liberal Democrats. She was a member of the Official Opposition frontbench, under the Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn as Shadow Minister for Mental Health from 2015 to 2016.
2. Nicolas Jeanjean, French rugby player births
  1. Nicolas Jeanjean
    
    Nicolas Jeanjean was a French rugby union footballer, who played for CA Brive in the Top 14. His usual position was at a Fullback. Prior to joining CA Brive he played for Stade Toulousain and Stade Français. He made his debut for France on 16 June 2001 against South Africa.
3. Sunny Leone, Canadian American actress, model, and pornstar births
  1. Sunny Leone
    
    Karenjit Kaur Vohra, known by her stage name Sunny Leone, is a Canadian-American model and actress in the American and Indian film industries. She is a former pornographic actress. She was born in Canada to an Indian Sikh family. She has Canadian and American citizenship. Her pet name is Karen. She was named Penthouse Pet of the Year in 2003, was a contract performer for Vivid Entertainment, and was named by Maxim as one of the 12 top porn stars in 2010.
4. Michael Mantenuto, American actor (d. 2017) births
  1. Michael Mantenuto
    
    Michael Mantenuto was an American film actor, college ice hockey player, and Army non-commissioned officer, best known for his performance as Olympic ice hockey star Jack O'Callahan in the 2004 Disney biopic Miracle.
5. Shaun Phillips, American football player births
  1. Shaun Phillips
    
    Shaun Jamal Phillips is a former American football linebacker. He played college football for Purdue and was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft. Phillips has also been a member of the Denver Broncos, Tennessee Titans, and Indianapolis Colts.
6. Ryan Piers Williams, American actor and film director births
  1. Ryan Piers Williams
    
    Ryan Piers Williams is an American actor, director, and writer.
1980
1. L. J. Smith, American football player births
  1. L. J. Smith
    
    John Smith III, commonly known as L. J., which stands for "Little John", is a former American football tight end in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the second round of the 2003 NFL Draft. He played college football at Rutgers.
1979
1. Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland births
  1. Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland
    
    Prince Carl Philip of Sweden, Duke of Värmland is the only son and the second of three children of King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia. As of 2022, Prince Carl Philip is fourth in the line of succession, after his older sister, Crown Princess Victoria, his niece and goddaughter Princess Estelle, and his nephew Prince Oscar. He lives with his wife, Princess Sofia, and three sons, Prince Alexander, Prince Gabriel and Prince Julian in Villa Solbacken in Djurgården, Stockholm.
2. Steve Mildenhall, English footballer births
  1. Steve Mildenhall
    
    Stephen James Mildenhall is an English professional footballer who is goalkeeping coach at Swindon Town, where he is also registered as a player.
3. Vyacheslav Shevchuk, Ukrainian footballer births
  1. Vyacheslav Shevchuk
    
    Vyacheslav Anatoliyovych Shevchuk is a retired Ukrainian professional footballer and manager, mainly known for his time as a player of FC Shakhtar Donetsk. He was capped over 50 times for the Ukraine national football team.
1978
1. Brooke Anderson, American journalist births
  1. Brooke Anderson
    
    Brooke Victoria Anderson is a former co-host of The Insider, and is now a correspondent for Entertainment Tonight. Previously, she was a culture and entertainment anchor and producer for CNN and served as co-host for Showbiz Tonight on HLN. Based in CNN's Los Angeles, California bureau, Anderson joined the network in July 2000.
2. Mike Bibby, American basketball player and coach births
  1. Mike Bibby
    
    Michael Bibby is an American former professional basketball player. He played professionally for 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He last served as the head coach for Hillcrest Prep Academy in Phoenix, Arizona.
3. Ryan Bukvich, American baseball player births
  1. Ryan Bukvich
    
    Ryan Adrien Bukvich is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals, Texas Rangers, Chicago White Sox, and Baltimore Orioles.
4. Germán Magariños, Argentinian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Germán Magariños
    
    Germán Magariños is an Argentine film director, film producer, screenwriter, bassist and sometimes actor.
5. Dilshan Vitharana, Sri Lankan cricketer births
  1. Dilshan Vitharana
    
    Dorake Witharanage Ashana Niroshan Dilshan Vitharana,, more commonly known as Dilshan Vitharana, is a Sri Lankan cricketer. A wicket-keeper-batsman, he made his debut in the 1997–98 season for the Sri Lankan Under-19 team during India's tour of the country, and went on to play first-class and List A cricket for Colts Cricket Club, Moors Sports Club and Burgher Recreation Club.
6. Barry Zito, American baseball player births
  1. Barry Zito
    
    Barry William Zito is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played 15 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics and San Francisco Giants. His pitching repertoire consisted of a curveball, a four-seam fastball, a two-seam fastball, a circle changeup, and a cutter–slider.
7. Nuwan Zoysa, Sri Lankan cricketer births
  1. Nuwan Zoysa
    
    Demuni Nuwan Tharanga Zoysa, or Nuwan Zoysa, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer. He was a tall left-arm seam bowler, who played 30 Tests and 95 ODIs for Sri Lanka. Nuwan was educated at Isipathana College, Colombo.
1977
1. Ilse DeLange, Dutch singer-songwriter births
  1. Ilse DeLange
    
    Ilse Annoeska de Lange, better known as Ilse DeLange, is a Dutch country and pop rock singer-songwriter. As a member of The Common Linnets, she finished in second place at the Eurovision Song Contest 2014.
2. Anthony Q. Farrell, Canadian-American actor and screenwriter births
  1. Anthony Q. Farrell
    
    Anthony Q. Farrell is a Canadian comedian, actor and writer. He has written for The Office, presided as executive story editor for Little Mosque on the Prairie as well as produced and performed in various stand-up and sketch comedies. He is also known for his work as a writer on the Nickelodeon sitcom The Thundermans.
3. Robby Hammock, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Robby Hammock
    
    Robert Wade Hammock is an American professional baseball former catcher and current coach. He was formerly a longtime player and later quality control and catching coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks.
4. Neil Hopkins, American actor, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Neil Hopkins
    
    Neil Edward Hopkins is an American television and film actor. He is a trained actor and singer, best known for his portrayal of Charlie's heroin-addicted brother Liam on Lost.
5. James Middlebrook, English cricketer births
  1. James Middlebrook
    
    James Middlebrook is a former English first-class cricketer, who last played for Yorkshire County Cricket Club on a short-term contract. He played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling off spin. Since retiring from professional cricket Middlebrook has become an umpire, standing in first-class matches from the 2017 season onwards.
6. Samantha Morton, English actress and director births
  1. Samantha Morton
    
    Samantha Jane Morton is an English actress and director. She is known for her work in independent productions and has received numerous accolades, including a British Academy Television Award, a British Independent Film Award and a Golden Globe Award, as well as nominations for two Academy Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and a British Academy Film Award.
7. Brian Thomas Smith, American actor and producer births
  1. Brian Thomas Smith
    
    Brian Thomas Smith is an American actor and comedian known for playing the dim-witted but kind-hearted Zack Johnson in The Big Bang Theory for nine seasons. He has also made other TV appearances on Fear Factor, Two and a Half Men, Happy Endings, The Neighborhood, 9-1-1: Lone Star, and United States of Al. On the big screen, Smith starred opposite Al Pacino and Annette Bening in Dan Fogelman's directoral debut film, Danny Collins. Other films Smith has starred in include Lethal Seduction, Babysplitters, The Wedding Party, and Concrete Blondes.
8. Pusha T, American rapper births
  1. Pusha T
    
    Terrence LeVarr Thornton, better known by his stage name Pusha T, is an American rapper, songwriter and record executive. He rose to prominence as one-half of the hip hop duo Clipse, which was mainly active from 1994 to 2010, alongside his older brother No Malice. As Clipse, the two released three studio albums and a number of mixtapes, and had hit singles including "Grindin'" and "When the Last Time". They also founded the label Re-Up Records and the fashion label Play Cloths.
9. Mickey Spillane, American mobster (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Mickey Spillane (mobster)
    
    Michael J. Spillane was an Irish-American mobster who controlled Hell's Kitchen in New York in the 1960s and 1970s. Spillane, the so-called “Gentleman Gangster", was a marked contrast to the violent Westies mob members who succeeded him in Hell's Kitchen.
1976
1. Mark Delaney, Welsh footballer and manager births
  1. Mark Delaney (footballer)
    
    Mark Anthony Delaney is a Welsh former professional footballer. He played for Carmarthen Town, Cardiff City and Aston Villa as a right back. He is also a former member of the Welsh national team, gaining 36 caps during his career. In doing so, he became the first player to progress from the Cymru Premier to the senior national side.
2. Trajan Langdon, American basketball player and scout births
  1. Trajan Langdon
    
    Trajan Shaka Langdon is an American basketball executive and former professional player. He is the current general manager of the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) and 211 lb (96 kg) shooting guard, he first gained fame in the U.S. while playing college basketball at Duke University.
3. Ana Popović, Serbian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Ana Popović
    
    Ana Popović is a blues singer and guitarist from Serbia who currently resides in the United States.
4. Magdalena Walach, Polish actress births
  1. Magdalena Walach
    
    Magdalena Walach is a Polish film and theater actress. In 1999 she completed studies at the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts in Kraków. She is a member of the Bagatela Theatre acting company. Walach is married to actor Paweł Okraska, with whom she had their son Piotr (2006).
1975
1. Jamie Allison, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Jamie Allison
    
    James E. Allison is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Calgary Flames. Chicago Blackhawks, Ottawa Senators, Columbus Blue Jackets, Nashville Predators and Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League.
2. Cristian Bezzi, Italian rugby player and coach births
  1. Cristian Bezzi
    
    Cristian Bezzi is an Italian former rugby union player who played for Viadana in the north of Italy until the season 2007-08.
3. Brian Geraghty, American actor births
  1. Brian Geraghty
    
    Brian Timothy Geraghty is an American actor, known for his roles in the 2005 film Jarhead, the 2008 film The Hurt Locker, and in the 2012 film Flight, along with his recurring role in the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire. He appeared as a regular on NBC's Chicago P.D. from 2014 to 2016 and played Theodore Roosevelt in the TV series The Alienist. From 2020 to 2022, he was a main character on the ABC crime drama Big Sky.
4. Bob Wills, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1905) deaths
  1. Bob Wills
    
    James Robert Wills was an American Western swing musician, songwriter, and bandleader. Considered by music authorities as the founder of Western swing, he was known widely as the King of Western Swing.
1974
1. Jaime Torres Bodet, Mexican poet and diplomat (b. 1902) deaths
  1. Jaime Torres Bodet
    
    Jaime Mario Torres Bodet was a prominent Mexican politician and writer who served in the executive cabinet of three Presidents of Mexico.
2. Arthur J. Burks, American colonel and author (b. 1898) deaths
  1. Arthur J. Burks
    
    Arthur Josephus Burks was an American pulp fiction writer and Marine colonel.
1973
1. Eric Lewis, American pianist births
  1. Eric Lewis (pianist)
    
    Eric Robert Lewis, popularly known as ELEW, is an American jazz pianist who has found cross-over success playing rock and pop music. He is known for his unconventional and physical playing style, which eschews a piano bench and includes reaching inside the piano lid to pull at the strings directly, as well as the creation that he calls "Rockjazz", a genre that "takes the improvisational aspect of jazz and 'threads it through the eye of the needle of rock.'"
2. Bridgett Riley, American boxer and stuntwoman births
  1. Bridgett Riley
    
    Bridgett Riley is a female boxer and motion picture stuntwoman from Oakville, Missouri. While working as an airline attendant, she decided to learn martial arts. The interest in the sport came from her brother Patrick's strong interest in mixed martial arts. She trained with her brother and a number of other high-profile martial artists early in her career. Notably, she was trained by former three time world kickboxing champion, Jim Boucher. She was a member of a competition team with other competitors such as: Ronnie "Diamond" Deleon, Patrick Riley, Donny Reinhardt, Russ Hogue.
1972
1. Stefaan Maene, Belgian swimmer births
  1. Stefaan Maene
    
    Stefaan Maene is a former backstroke, freestyle and medley swimmer from Belgium, who competed for his native country at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He won his first international medal at the inaugural 1993 FINA Short Course World Championships in Palma de Mallorca: bronze in the 200 m backstroke. Two years later, at the 1995 European Aquatics Championships in Vienna, Austria, Maene gained bronze in the 100 m backstroke.
2. Darryl Sydor, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Darryl Sydor
    
    Darryl Marion Sydor is a Canadian-American former professional ice hockey defenceman. He won two Stanley Cups during his career: with the Dallas Stars in 1999, and with the Tampa Bay Lightning in 2004. He also reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1993 as a member of the Los Angeles Kings, in 2000 as a member of the Dallas Stars and in 2008 as a member of the Pittsburgh Penguins. As a junior, Sydor won a Memorial Cup with the Kamloops Blazers and also represented Canada at the World Junior Championships.
3. Pieta van Dishoeck, Dutch rower births
  1. Pieta van Dishoeck
    
    Pieta Roberta van Dishoeck is a retired rower from the Netherlands who won two Olympic medals during her career. She claimed the silver medal in the women's double sculls, alongside Eeke van Nes, and in the women's eight with coxswain in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
4. Dan Blocker, American actor (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Dan Blocker
    
    Bobby Dan Davis Blocker was an American television actor and Korean War veteran, who played Hoss Cartwright in the long-running NBC Western television series Bonanza.
1971
1. Imogen Boorman, English actress and martial artist births
  1. Imogen Boorman
    
    Imogen May Pratt Boorman is an English film and television actress. She is known for portraying Tiffany in the horror film Hellbound: Hellraiser II, Lorina in Dreamchild, Clothhide in May to December and Hannah Preston in Westbeach.
2. Rob Fredrickson, American football player births
  1. Rob Fredrickson
    
    Robert J. Fredrickson is a former National Football League linebacker who played 9 seasons for the Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders, Detroit Lions, and Arizona Cardinals. Rob attended Michigan State University and was a 4-time Academic All-Big Ten recipient and earned All-American honors. Rob Fredrickson was drafted in the 1st round of the 1994 NFL Draft by the Los Angeles Raiders. Rob was selected to the NFL All-Rookie 1st Team in 1994. Rob played Linebacker for the Detroit Lions in 1998 and signed as a free agent with the Arizona Cardinals in 1999. Rob Fredrickson holds the modern-era Arizona Cardinals record for most tackles in a game with 22 tackles vs. the New York Jets in 1999. Rob retired from the NFL in 2003.
3. Espen Lind, Norwegian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Espen Lind
    
    Espen Lind is a Norwegian record producer, songwriter, singer, and multi-instrumentalist. He is one half of the production team Espionage, and together with his long time partner Amund Bjorklund he has written and/or produced songs for artists like Taylor Swift, Beyoncé, Train, Jennifer Hudson, Emeli Sande and Selena Gomez. Espen has also been a mentor on the Norwegian version of The Voice.
4. Tom Nalen, American football player and sportscaster births
  1. Tom Nalen
    
    Thomas Andrew Nalen is a former American football center who played for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He was born in Boston and raised in Foxborough, Massachusetts.
1970
1. Doug Evans, American football player births
  1. Doug Evans (American football)
    
    Douglas Edwards Evans is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 6th round of the 1993 NFL Draft out of Louisiana Tech. He won Super Bowl XXXI with the 1996 Green Bay Packers against the New England Patriots. Evans also played for the Carolina Panthers, the Seattle Seahawks, and the Detroit Lions. In 2001, he set a Panthers franchise record with 8 interceptions.
2. Robert Maćkowiak, Polish sprinter births
  1. Robert Maćkowiak
    
    Robert Maćkowiak is a former Polish sprinter. Together with Tomasz Czubak, Jacek Bocian and Piotr Haczek he won the gold medal in 4 x 400 metres relay at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics. Maćkowiak has also won other relay medals as well as individual medals in the 200 metres and 400 metres.
1969
1. Buckethead, American guitarist and songwriter births
  1. Buckethead
    
    Brian Patrick Carroll, known professionally as Buckethead, is an American guitarist, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. He has received critical acclaim for his innovative electric guitar playing. His music spans several genres, including progressive metal, funk, blues, bluegrass, ambient, and avant-garde music. He performs primarily as a solo artist, although he has collaborated with a wide variety of artists such as Bill Laswell, Bootsy Collins, Bernie Worrell, Iggy Pop, Les Claypool, Serj Tankian, Bill Moseley, Mike Patton, Viggo Mortensen, That 1 Guy, Bassnectar, and Skating Polly. He was also a member of Guns N' Roses from 2000 to 2004. He has recorded 325 studio albums, four special releases, and one EP. He has performed on more than fifty albums by other artists.
2. Nikos Aliagas, French-Greek journalist and television host births
  1. Nikos Aliagas
    
    Nikos Aliagas is a Greek-French journalist and entertainer, known for being the host of the French reality program Star Academy.
1968
1. Miguel Ángel Blanco, Spanish politician (d. 1997) births
  1. Miguel Ángel Blanco
    
    Miguel Ángel Blanco Garrido was a Spanish politician who was a councillor in Ermua in the Basque Country for the People's Party (PP). He was kidnapped and subsequently murdered by the separatist group ETA.
2. Susan Floyd, American actress births
  1. Susan Floyd
    
    Susan Floyd is an American actress who has appeared in many episodes of Law & Order, as well as numerous other television series. She has also had featured roles in several motion pictures, including Domestic Disturbance and Forgiven, and starred opposite Al Pacino and Jerry Orbach in Chinese Coffee. Along with mainstream films, she has also appeared in a 2003 indie film Particles of Truth.
3. Scott Morrison, Australian politician, 30th Prime Minister of Australia births
  1. Scott Morrison
    
    Scott John Morrison is an Australian politician. He served as the 30th prime minister of Australia and as Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia from 2018 to 2022, and is currently the member of parliament (MP) for the New South Wales seat of Cook, a position he has held since 2007.
  2. Prime Minister of Australia
    
    The prime minister of Australia is the head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia. The prime minister heads the executive branch of the federal government of Australia and is also accountable to federal parliament under the principles of responsible government. The current prime minister is Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party, who became prime minister on 23 May 2022.
4. PMD, American rapper births
  1. PMD (rapper)
    
    Parrish J. Smith, better known as PMD, is an American rapper from Brentwood, New York, a member of EPMD and Hit Squad.
5. Dmitriy Shevchenko, Russian discus thrower and coach births
  1. Dmitry Shevchenko (discus thrower)
    
    Dmitriy Igorievich Shevchenko is a Russian discus thrower who won silver medals at the World and European Championships. Despite this he did not throw past the 70 metres mark until 2002, when he achieved his personal best throw of 70.54 metres in Krasnodar. His three participations in the Olympics were all fruitless, especially the 2004 edition where he exited without any valid throws.
1967
1. Tish Cyrus, American actress and film producer births
  1. Tish Cyrus
    
    Tish Finley Cyrus is an American manager and producer. She has managed her daughter, Miley Cyrus, since the beginning of her career, and still manages her along with Jonathan Daniel from Crush Music. Tish is president of Hopetown Entertainment, a TV and film production company.
2. Shon Greenblatt, American actor births
  1. List of A Nightmare on Elm Street characters
    
    The A Nightmare on Elm Street series, created by Wes Craven, focuses on several characters who survive attacks by Freddy Krueger, the spirit of a child murderer who gains the ability to stalk and kill people in their dreams after his death at the hands of a vengeful mob.
3. Tommy Gunn, pornographic actor births
  1. Tommy Gunn (actor)
    
    Thomas Joseph Strada, better known by his stage name Tommy Gunn, is an American pornographic actor and director. He has made several mainstream appearances, including an episode of Entourage and music videos for Buckcherry and Rilo Kiley. In 2016, Gunn was inducted into the AVN Hall of Fame.
4. Chuck Schuldiner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2001) births
  1. Chuck Schuldiner
    
    Charles Schuldiner was an American musician. He founded the death metal band Death in 1983, in which he was the lead vocalist, guitarist, primary songwriter and only consistent member until his death in 2001. His obituary in the January 5, 2002 issue of UK's Kerrang! magazine described him as "one of the most significant figures in the history of metal." Schuldiner was ranked No. 10 in Joel McIver's book The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists in 2009 and No. 20 in March 2004 Guitar World's "The 100 Greatest Metal Guitarists". In 1987, Schuldiner founded the publishing company Mutilation Music, affiliated with performance rights organization BMI. Schuldiner died in 2001 of a brain tumor.
5. Melanie Thornton, American-German singer (d. 2001) births
  1. Melanie Thornton
    
    Melanie Janene Thornton was an American pop and dance music singer. She was the lead singer of the Eurodance group La Bouche from 1994 to 2000, alongside American rapper Lane McCray. Their two most successful singles, "Sweet Dreams" and "Be My Lover", were released in 1994 and 1995 respectively. After leaving the group, Thornton began a solo career and found success primarily in European countries before her death in 2001. Her solo songs include "Love How You Love Me", "Heartbeat", "Makin' Oooh Oooh " and "Wonderful Dream ".
1966
1. Alison Goldfrapp, English singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. Alison Goldfrapp
    
    Alison Elizabeth Margaret Goldfrapp is an English musician and record producer, known as the vocalist of English electronic music duo Goldfrapp.
2. Darius Rucker, American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Darius Rucker
    
    Darius Carlos Rucker is an American singer, guitarist, and songwriter. He first gained fame as the lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of rock band Hootie & the Blowfish, which he founded in 1986 at the University of South Carolina along with Mark Bryan, Jim "Soni" Sonefeld, and Dean Felber. The band released five studio albums with Rucker as a member and charted six top 40 hits on the Billboard Hot 100. Rucker co-wrote most of the songs with the other members of the band.
1965
1. José Antonio Delgado, Venezuelan mountaineer (d. 2006) births
  1. José Antonio Delgado
    
    José Antonio Delgado Sucre was the first Venezuelan mountaineer to reach the summit of five eight-thousanders and one of the most experienced climbers in Latin America. Known as el indio, Delgado led the first Venezuelan Everest expedition in 2001. On May 23 of that year, he and Marcus Tobía were the only members of the expedition to summit Everest. He held several records in mountaineering, such as the first paragliding flight from Pico Humboldt, Pico Bolívar, and Roraima. Delgado also made the fastest summit for a Venezuelan to the Aconcagua and Huascarán.
2. Tasmin Little, English violinist and educator births
  1. Tasmin Little
    
    Tasmin Little is an English classical violinist. She is a concerto soloist and also performs as a recitalist and chamber musician. She has released numerous albums, winning the Critics Award at the Classic Brit Awards in 2011 for her recording of Elgar's Violin Concerto.
3. János Marozsán, Hungarian footballer births
  1. János Marozsán
    
    János Marozsán is a former professional Hungarian footballer.
4. Hikari Ōta, Japanese comedian and actor births
  1. Hikari Ōta
    
    Hikari Ōta is a Japanese television comedian.
5. José Rijo, Dominican baseball player births
  1. José Rijo
    
    José Antonio Rijo Abreu is a Dominican former pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) who spent the majority of his career with the Cincinnati Reds. Originally signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1980, Rijo made his MLB debut with them in 1984, and also played in MLB for the Oakland Athletics. He pitched and batted right-handed, stood 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 m) tall, and weighed 200 pounds (91 kg) during his playing career.
6. Lari White, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress (d. 2018) births
  1. Lari White
    
    Lari Michele White Cannon was an American country music singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She made her debut in 1988 after winning You Can Be a Star, a televised talent competition on The Nashville Network. After an unsuccessful stint on Capitol Records Nashville, she signed to RCA Records Nashville in 1993.
1964
1. Stephen Colbert, American comedian and talk show host births
  1. Stephen Colbert
    
    Stephen Tyrone Colbert is an American comedian, writer, producer, political commentator, actor, and television host. He is best known for hosting the satirical Comedy Central program The Colbert Report from 2005 to 2014 and the CBS talk program The Late Show with Stephen Colbert beginning in September 2015.
2. Chris Maitland, English drummer births
  1. Chris Maitland
    
    Chris Maitland is an English drummer.
3. Tom Verica, American actor, television director, and producer births
  1. Tom Verica
    
    Tom Verica is an American actor, director, and producer, best known for his role as Sam Keating in the ABC drama How to Get Away with Murder (2014-2020). He also played Jack Pryor in the NBC critically acclaimed drama American Dreams from 2002-2004. As a director, he is known for Shonda Rhimes' dramas. He currently is an executive producer and director of the Netflix drama Bridgerton. From 2012 to 2018, Verica served as executive producer and director of ABC Scandal.
1963
1. Andrea Leadsom, English politician births
  1. Andrea Leadsom
    
    Dame Andrea Jacqueline Leadsom is a British politician serving as Member of Parliament (MP) for South Northamptonshire since 2010. A member of the Conservative Party, she served as Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs from 2016 to 2017, Leader of the House of Commons from 2017 to 2019 and Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy from 2019 to 2020. Leadsom has twice run to become Leader of the Conservative Party, in 2016 and 2019.
2. Wally Masur, Australian tennis player, coach, and sportscaster births
  1. Wally Masur
    
    Wally Masur is a tennis coach, television commentator, and former professional tennis player from Sydney, Australia. He reached the semifinals of the 1987 Australian Open and the 1993 US Open, achieving a career-high singles ranking of world No. 15 in October 1993.
3. Alois Hudal, Austrian-Italian bishop (b. 1885) deaths
  1. Alois Hudal
    
    Alois Karl Hudal was an Austrian bishop of the Catholic Church, based in Rome. For thirty years, he was the head of the Austrian-German congregation of Santa Maria dell'Anima in Rome and, until 1937, an influential representative of the Catholic Church in Austria.
1962
1. Paul Burstow, English politician births
  1. Paul Burstow
    
    Paul Kenneth Burstow is a British former politician who served as the Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Sutton and Cheam for 18 years, from 1997 to 2015, when he was defeated by Paul Scully.
2. Nick Hurd, English businessman and politician, Minister for Civil Society births
  1. Nick Hurd
    
    Nicholas Richard Hurd is a British politician who served as Minister for London from 2018 to 2019 and Minister of State for Policing and the Fire Service from 2017 to 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner from 2010 to 2019. Hurd was first elected as the MP for Ruislip-Northwood in 2005.
  2. Minister for Civil Society
    
    The Minister for Civil Society was a position within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport in the Government of the United Kingdom. It concerned and directly supported charities, volunteering and social enterprise.
3. Henry Trendley Dean, American dentist (b. 1893) deaths
  1. H. Trendley Dean
    
    Henry Trendley Dean, was the first director of the United States National Institute of Dental Research and a pioneer investigator of water fluoridation in the prevention of tooth decay.
4. Franz Kline, American painter and academic (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Franz Kline
    
    Franz Kline was an American painter. He is associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement of the 1940s and 1950s. Kline, along with other action painters like Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Robert Motherwell, John Ferren, and Lee Krasner, as well as local poets, dancers, and musicians came to be known as the informal group, the New York School. Although he explored the same innovations to painting as the other artists in this group, Kline's work is distinct in itself and has been revered since the 1950s.
1961
1. Siobhan Fallon Hogan, American actress births
  1. Siobhan Fallon Hogan
    
    Siobhan Fallon Hogan is an American actress and comedian. She has appeared in films such as Men in Black, Forrest Gump, The Negotiator, Holes, Daddy Day Care, Going in Style, and The House That Jack Built.
2. Dennis Rodman, American basketball player, wrestler, and actor births
  1. Dennis Rodman
    
    Dennis Keith Rodman is an American former professional basketball player. Known for his fierce defensive and rebounding abilities, his biography on the official NBA website states that he is "arguably the best rebounding forward in NBA history". Nicknamed "the Worm", he played for the Detroit Pistons, San Antonio Spurs, Chicago Bulls, Los Angeles Lakers, and Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Rodman played at the small forward position in his early years before becoming a power forward.
3. Gary Cooper, American actor (b. 1901) deaths
  1. Gary Cooper
    
    Gary Cooper was an American actor known for his strong, quiet screen persona and understated acting style. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice and had a further three nominations, as well as an Academy Honorary Award in 1961 for his career achievements. He was one of the top 10 film personalities for 23 consecutive years and one of the top money-making stars for 18 years. The American Film Institute (AFI) ranked Cooper at No. 11 on its list of the 25 greatest male stars of classic Hollywood cinema.
1958
1. Anthony Ray Parker, American actor births
  1. Anthony Ray Parker
    
    Anthony Ray Parker is an American actor.
1957
1. Alan Ball, American director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Alan Ball (screenwriter)
    
    Alan Erwin Ball is an American writer, director, and producer for television, film, and theater.
2. David Hill, English organist and conductor births
  1. David Hill (choral director)
    
    David Hill, is a choral conductor and organist. Beginning July 2013, he holds an appointment to the Yale Institute of Sacred Music. His highest-profile roles are as Chief Conductor of the BBC Singers from September 2007 until 2017, and Musical Director of The Bach Choir since April 1998.
3. Mar Roxas, Filipino economist and politician, 24th Filipino Secretary of the Interior births
  1. Mar Roxas
    
    Manuel "Mar" Araneta Roxas II is a Filipino politician who served as a Senator of the Philippines. He is the grandson and namesake of former Philippine President Manuel Roxas. He served in the Cabinet of the Philippines as Secretary of the Interior and Local Government from 2012 to 2015. Previously, he was the Secretary of Trade and Industry from 2000 to 2003 and Secretary of Transportation and Communications from 2011 to 2012. He is the son of former Senator Gerry Roxas.
  2. Secretary of the Interior and Local Government
    
    The secretary of the interior and local government is the member of the Cabinet in charge of the Department of the Interior and Local Government.
4. Michael Fekete, Hungarian-Israeli mathematician and academic (b. 1886) deaths
  1. Michael Fekete
    
    Michael (Mihály) Fekete was a Hungarian-Israeli mathematician.
1956
1. Richard Madeley, English journalist and author births
  1. Richard Madeley
    
    Richard Holt Madeley is an English journalist, television presenter, and writer. Alongside his wife Judy Finnigan, he presented This Morning and the chat show Richard & Judy. Madeley's solo projects include the ITV series Fortune: Million Pound Giveaway and standing in on The Chris Evans Breakfast Show for BBC Radio 2.
2. Fred Melamed, American actor births
  1. Fred Melamed
    
    Fred Melamed is an American actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for portraying Sy Ableman in the Coen Brothers' A Serious Man (2009). He is also known for his collaborations with Woody Allen appearing in seven of his films including Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), Radio Days (1987), and Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989). His other film roles include In a World... (2012), Hail, Caesar! (2016), and Shiva Baby (2020).
3. Kailash Vijayvargiya, National General Secretary of Bhartiya Janta Party births
  1. Kailash Vijayvargiya
    
    Kailash Vijayvargiya is an Indian politician serving as National General Secretary of Bharatiya Janata Party. He started his political career in the Indore Bharatiya Janata Party, and was the mayor of Indore, a six-time legislator who has never lost an assembly election, and a state government cabinet minister for over 12 years before being elevated to the party's central leadership.
  2. Bharatiya Janata Party
    
    The Bharatiya Janata Party is a political party in India, and one of the two major Indian political parties alongside the Indian National Congress. Since 2014, it has been the ruling political party in India under Narendra Modi, the incumbent Indian prime minister. The BJP is aligned with right-wing politics, and its policies have historically reflected a traditional Hindu nationalist ideology; it has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). As of 17 February 2022, it is the country's largest political party in terms of representation in the Parliament of India as well as state legislatures.
1954
1. Johnny Logan, Australian-Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Johnny Logan (singer)
    
    Seán Patrick Michael Sherrard, better known by his stage name Johnny Logan, is an Irish singer and composer. He is known as being the only performer to have won the Eurovision Song Contest twice, in 1980 and 1987. He also composed the winning song in 1992.
1953
1. Zlatko Burić, Croat-Danish actor births
  1. Zlatko Burić
    
    Zlatko Burić is a Croatian-Danish actor. He was born in Osijek where he was educated at the Dramski Studio in 1972. In the 1970s and early 1980s, Burić belonged to the experimental theater group Kugla Glumište together with Željko Zorica-Šiš and Damir Bartol-Indos.
2. Gerry Sutcliffe, English politician, Vice-Chamberlain of the Household births
  1. Gerry Sutcliffe
    
    Gerard Sutcliffe is a British Labour Party politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Bradford South from 1994 to 2015. He was the Minister for Sport and Tourism in the Brown Government.
  2. Vice-Chamberlain of the Household
    
    The Vice-Chamberlain of the Household is a member of the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. The officeholder is usually a senior government whip in the British House of Commons ranking third or fourth after the Chief Whip and the Deputy Chief Whip. The Vice-Chamberlain is the Deputy to the Lord Chamberlain of the Household and, like the Lord Chamberlain, carries a white staff of office when on duty on state occasions.
3. Harm Wiersma, Dutch draughts player and politician births
  1. Harm Wiersma
    
    Harm Wiersma is a Dutch draughts player and former politician. He is a six-time world champion in draughts and former MP.
  2. Checkers
    
    Checkers, also known as draughts, is a group of strategy board games for two players which involve diagonal moves of uniform game pieces and mandatory captures by jumping over opponent pieces. Checkers is developed from alquerque. The term "checkers" derives from the checkered board which the game is played on, whereas "draughts" derives from the verb "to draw" or "to move".
4. Ruth A. David, American electrical engineer births
  1. Ruth A. David
    
    Ruth A. David is an American engineer. While at the CIA, David was responsible for encouraging the agency to pursue partnerships with the private sector and designed a proposal to procure technology at the stage of development from the private sector. She has been awarded the CIA Director's Award, the Defense Intelligence Agency Director's Award, the CIA Distinguished Intelligence Medal, the National Reconnaissance Officer's Award for Distinguished Service, and the National Security Agency Distinguished Service Medal.
1952
1. John Kasich, American politician, 69th Governor of Ohio births
  1. John Kasich
    
    John Richard Kasich Jr. is an American politician, author, and television news host who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1983 to 2001 and as the 69th governor of Ohio from 2011 to 2019. A Republican, Kasich unsuccessfully sought his party's presidential nomination in 2000 and 2016.
  2. List of governors of Ohio
    
    The governor of Ohio is the head of government of Ohio and the commander-in-chief of the U.S. state's military forces. The officeholder has a duty to enforce state laws, the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio General Assembly, the power to convene the legislature and the power to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment.
2. Mary Walsh, Canadian actress, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Mary Walsh (actress)
    
    Mary Cynthia Walsh is a Canadian actress, comedian, and writer. She is known for her work on CODCO and This Hour Has 22 Minutes.
3. Londa Schiebinger, American academic and author births
  1. Londa Schiebinger
    
    Londa Schiebinger is the John L. Hinds Professor of History of Science, Department of History, and by courtesy the d-school, Stanford University. She received her Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1984. An international authority on the theory, practice, and history of gender in science, she is currently Director of Gendered Innovations in Science, Medicine, Engineering, and Environment Project. She is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Schiebinger received honorary doctorates from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium (2013), from the Faculty of Science, Lund University, Sweden (2017), and from Universitat de València, Spain (2018). She serves on the international advisory board of Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.
1951
1. Rosie Boycott, English journalist and author births
  1. Rosie Boycott, Baroness Boycott
    
    Rosel Marie "Rosie" Boycott, Baroness Boycott is a British journalist and feminist.
2. Sharon Sayles Belton, American politician, 45th Mayor of Minneapolis births
  1. Sharon Sayles Belton
    
    Sharon Sayles Belton is an American community leader, politician and activist. She is Vice President of Community Relations and Government Affairs for Thomson Reuters Legal business.
  2. List of mayors of Minneapolis
    
    This is a list of mayors of Minneapolis, Minnesota. The current mayor is Jacob Frey (DFL).
3. Anand Modak, Indian composer and director (d. 2014) births
  1. Anand Modak
    
    Anand Modak was an acclaimed Marathi film composer and music director in Marathi cinema and Marathi theatre, known for his experimental style. He is notable films include Lapandav (1993), Chaukat Raja (1991), Tu Tithe Mee (1998), Naatigoti (2006), Harishchandrachi Factory (2009), Samaantar (2009), and Dambis (2011). In theatre, his notable compositions were for Mahanirvan, Mahapoor, Kheliya, Raigadala Jeva Jag Yete, Begum Barve, Chaukatcha Raja, and Mukta.
4. Herman Philipse, Dutch philosopher and academic births
  1. Herman Philipse
    
    Herman Philipse is a professor of philosophy at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. Philipse taught at Leiden University from 1986 until 2003 where he obtained his doctorate in 1983.
5. Selina Scott, English journalist, producer, and author births
  1. Selina Scott
    
    Selina Mary Scott is an English television presenter who co-hosted the first dedicated breakfast television programme in the UK before crossing the Atlantic to join West 57th, a prime-time current-affairs show broadcast from New York. Scott continues to write, and run her lifestyle brand Naturally Selina Scott.
6. Paul Thompson, English drummer births
  1. Paul Thompson (musician)
    
    Paul Thompson is an English drummer, who is best known as a member of the rock band Roxy Music. He is a member of Andy Mackay's project with the Metaphors and joined Lindisfarne in 2013. He was also the drummer for Oi! band Angelic Upstarts and the American alternative rock band Concrete Blonde.
1950
1. Andy Cunningham, English actor (d. 2011) births
  1. Andy Cunningham (actor)
    
    Andrew Cunningham was an English actor, puppeteer, ventriloquist and writer. He was best known as the creator and main writer of the children's BBC television series, Bodger & Badger, in which he acted as the likeable but accident-prone Simon Bodger and his pet, Badger.
2. Danny Kirwan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2018) births
  1. Danny Kirwan
    
    Daniel David Kirwan was a British musician whose greatest success came with his role as guitarist, singer and songwriter with the blues rock band Fleetwood Mac between 1968 and 1972. He released three albums as a solo artist from 1975 to 1979, recorded albums with Otis Spann, Chris Youlden, and Tramp, and worked with his former Fleetwood Mac colleagues Jeremy Spencer and Christine McVie on some of their solo projects. As a member of Fleetwood Mac, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998.
3. Joe Johnston, American film director and effects artist births
  1. Joe Johnston
    
    Joseph Eggleston Johnston II is an American film director, writer, and visual effects artist. He is best known for directing effects-driven films, including Honey, I Shrunk the Kids (1989), Jumanji (1995), and Jurassic Park III (2001), as well as The Rocketeer (1991), The Wolfman (2010), and Captain America: The First Avenger (2011).
4. Manning Marable, American author and academic (d. 2011) births
  1. Manning Marable
    
    William Manning Marable was an American professor of public affairs, history and African-American Studies at Columbia University. Marable founded and directed the Institute for Research in African-American Studies. He wrote several texts and was active in progressive political causes.
5. Bobby Valentine, American baseball player and manager births
  1. Bobby Valentine
    
    Robert John Valentine, nicknamed "Bobby V", is an American former professional baseball player and manager. He also served as the athletic director at Sacred Heart University. Valentine played for the Los Angeles Dodgers, California Angels (1973–1975), San Diego Padres (1975-1977), New York Mets (1977–78), and Seattle Mariners (1979) in MLB. He managed the Texas Rangers (1985–1992), the New York Mets (1996–2002), and the Boston Red Sox (2012) of MLB, as well as the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball.
6. Stevie Wonder, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer births
  1. Stevie Wonder
    
    Stevland Hardaway Morris, known professionally as Stevie Wonder, is an American singer-songwriter, who is credited as a pioneer and influence by musicians across a range of genres that include rhythm and blues, pop, soul, gospel, funk, and jazz. A virtual one-man band, Wonder's use of synthesizers and other electronic musical instruments during the 1970s reshaped the conventions of R&B. He also helped drive such genres into the album era, crafting his LPs as cohesive and consistent, in addition to socially conscious statements with complex compositions. Blind since shortly after his birth, Wonder was a child prodigy who signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, where he was given the professional name Little Stevie Wonder.
1949
1. Jane Glover, English conductor and scholar births
  1. Jane Glover
    
    Dame Jane Alison Glover is a British-born conductor and musicologist.
2. Dale Snodgrass, United States Naval Aviator and air show performer (d. 2021) births
  1. Dale Snodgrass
    
    Dale Snodgrass was a United States Navy aviator and air show performer who according to the Spokane Spokesman-Review was considered one of the greatest fighter pilots of all time.
3. Zoë Wanamaker, American-British actress births
  1. Zoë Wanamaker
    
    Zoë Wanamaker is a British-American actress who has worked extensively with the Royal Shakespeare Company and the National Theatre. A nine-time Olivier Award nominee, she won for Once in a Lifetime (1979) and Electra (1998). She has also received four Tony Award nominations for her work on Broadway; for Piaf (1981), Loot (1986), Electra (1999), and Awake and Sing! (2006).
4. Philip Kruse, Norwegian trumpeter and orchestra leader births
  1. Philip Kruse
    
    Philip Antony Kruse is a Norwegian orchestra leader, composer, arranger, producer, text writer, and musician. He is the second son of Colonel Erling O. Kruse and Eunice Cooklin.
1948
1. Sheila Jeffreys, English-Australian political scientist, author, and academic births
  1. Sheila Jeffreys
    
    Sheila Jeffreys is a former professor of political science at the University of Melbourne, born in England. A lesbian feminist scholar, she analyses the history and politics of human sexuality.
2. Dean Meminger, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013) births
  1. Dean Meminger
    
    Dean Peter "The Dream" Meminger was an American basketball player and coach.
3. Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington
    
    Kathleen Agnes Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington, also known as "Kick" Kennedy, was an American socialite. She was the second daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Kennedy as well as a sister of former U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy and the wife of the Marquess of Hartington, heir apparent to the 10th Duke of Devonshire.
1947
1. Charles Baxter, American novelist, essayist, and poet births
  1. Charles Baxter (author)
    
    Charles Morley Baxter is an American novelist, essayist, and poet.
2. Edgar Burcksen, Dutch-American film editor births
  1. Edgar Burcksen
    
    Edgar Burcksen, is a Dutch film editor, who moved to the United States in 1985 after editing over 15 films in the Netherlands. He is a member of the American Cinema Editors and is fluent in English, German, French and Dutch.
3. Sukanta Bhattacharya, Indian poet and playwright (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Sukanta Bhattacharya
    
    Sukanta Bhattacharya was a Bengali poet and playwright.
1946
1. Tim Pigott-Smith, English actor and author (d. 2017) births
  1. Tim Pigott-Smith
    
    Timothy Peter Pigott-Smith, was an English film and television actor and author. He was best known for his leading role as Ronald Merrick in the television drama series The Jewel in the Crown, for which he won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor in 1985. Other noted TV roles included roles in The Chief, Midsomer Murders, The Vice, The Suspicions of Mr Whicher, King Charles III and two Doctor Who stories. Pigott-Smith appeared in many notable films including: Clash of the Titans (1981), Gangs of New York (2002), Johnny English (2003), Alexander (2004), V for Vendetta (2005), Quantum of Solace (2008), Red 2 (2013) and Jupiter Ascending (2015).
2. Jean Rondeau, French race car driver and constructor (d. 1985) births
  1. Jean Rondeau
    
    Jean Rondeau was a French race car driver and constructor, who won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1980, in a car bearing his own name, an achievement which remains unique in the history of the race.
3. Marv Wolfman, American author births
  1. Marv Wolfman
    
    Marvin Arthur Wolfman is an American comic book and novelization writer. He worked on Marvel Comics's The Tomb of Dracula, for which he and artist Gene Colan created the vampire-slayer Blade, and DC Comics's The New Teen Titans and the Crisis on Infinite Earths limited series with George Pérez. Among the many characters Wolfman created or co-created are Cyborg, Raven, Starfire, Deathstroke, Tim Drake, Rose Wilson, Nova, Black Cat, Bullseye, Vigilante and the Omega Men.
4. Zara DuPont, American suffragist (b. 1869) deaths
  1. Zara DuPont
    
    Zara "Zadie" DuPont (1869–1946) was an American suffragist, serving as the first Vice President of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association.
1945
1. Lasse Berghagen, Swedish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor births
  1. Lasse Berghagen
    
    Lars "Lasse" Nils Berghagen is a Swedish singer, songwriter and actor.
2. Magic Dick, American blues-rock harmonica, trumpet, and saxophone player births
  1. Magic Dick
    
    Richard Salwitz, known as Magic Dick, is an American musician, noted for playing the harmonica for the J. Geils Band. In addition to the harmonica, Salwitz plays the trumpet and saxophone.
3. Lou Marini, American saxophonist and composer births
  1. Lou Marini
    
    Louis William Marini Jr., known as "Blue Lou" Marini, is an American saxophonist, arranger, and composer. He is best known for his work in jazz, rock, blues, and soul music, as well as his association with The Blues Brothers.
4. Tubby Hall, American drummer (b. 1895) deaths
  1. Tubby Hall
    
    Alfred "Tubby" Hall was an American jazz drummer.
1944
1. Sir Crispin Agnew, 11th Baronet, Scottish explorer, lawyer, and judge births
  1. Crispin Agnew
    
    Sir Crispin Hamlyn Agnew of Lochnaw, 11th Baronet, is a Scottish advocate, herald and former explorer. He is the chief of the ancient Agnew family, and the eleventh holder of the Agnew baronetcy, created in 1629.
2. Robert L. Crawford Jr., American actor births
  1. Robert L. Crawford Jr.
    
    Robert Lawrence Crawford Jr. is an American actor who portrayed the character Andy Sherman on the NBC television series Laramie in 1959 and 1960. He was cast as the younger brother of Slim Sherman, portrayed by John Smith, owner of the fictitious Sherman Ranch and Relay Station some twelve miles east of Laramie, Wyoming. Their co-star was Robert Fuller in the role of former gunfighter Jess Harper. Crawford's role on Laramie ended in 1960, when Andy Sherman was shipped off to boarding school. Crawford is sometimes credited as Bobby Crawford Jr., or without the generational suffix as Bobby Crawford or Robert L. Crawford.
3. Carolyn Franklin, American R&B singer-songwriter (d. 1988) births
  1. Carolyn Franklin
    
    Carolyn Ann Franklin was an American singer-songwriter. Besides her own musical success, Franklin was best known as the daughter of prominent Detroit preacher and civil rights activist C. L. Franklin and the younger sister of American singer/musician Aretha Franklin.
4. Armistead Maupin, American author, screenwriter, and actor births
  1. Armistead Maupin
    
    Armistead Jones Maupin, Jr. is an American writer notable for Tales of the City, a series of novels set in San Francisco.
1943
1. Anthony Clarke, Baron Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony, English lawyer and judge births
  1. Tony Clarke, Baron Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony
    
    Anthony Peter Clarke, Baron Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony, is a British lawyer. He was one of the first 11 Supreme Court of the United Kingdom Justices and was the first High Court judge to be appointed directly to that court when it came into existence on 1 October 2009 without previously having sat as a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary. He was appointed to the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong on 11 April 2011 as a non-permanent judge. He was previously Master of the Rolls and Head of Civil Justice in England and Wales. He retired from the Supreme Court in September 2017.
2. Kurt Trampedach, Danish painter and sculptor (d. 2013) births
  1. Kurt Trampedach
    
    Kurt Trampedach was a Danish painter and sculptor.
3. Mary Wells, American singer-songwriter (d. 1992) births
  1. Mary Wells
    
    Mary Esther Wells was an American singer, who helped to define the emerging sound of Motown in the early 1960s.
1942
1. Leighton Gage, American author (d. 2013) births
  1. Leighton Gage
    
    Leighton David Gage was an author of crime fiction best known for the Chief Inspector Mario Silva Investigations series of novels set in Brazil. He was inspired to write these novels after spending over 20 years living in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and being immersed in the Brazilian culture. Frequent subjects in his novels were problems that existed at the time in Brazil, problems that were foreign to the American culture.
2. Roger Young, American director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Roger Young (director)
    
    Roger E. Young is an American TV and film director.
1941
1. Senta Berger, Austrian actress births
  1. Senta Berger
    
    Senta Verhoeven is an Austrian-German actress. She received many award nominations for her acting in theatre, film and television; her awards include three Bambi Awards, two Romys, an Adolf Grimme Award, both a Deutscher and a Bayerischer Fernsehpreis, and a Goldene Kamera.
2. Joe Brown, English singer and musician births
  1. Joe Brown (singer)
    
    Joseph Roger Brown, MBE is an English entertainer. As a rock and roll singer and guitarist, he has performed for more than six decades. He was a stage and television performer in the late 1950s and has primarily been a recording star since the early 1960s. He has made six films, presented specialist radio series for BBC Radio 2, appeared on the West End stage alongside Dame Anna Neagle and has written an autobiography. In recent years he has again concentrated on recording and performing music, playing two tours of around 100 shows every year and releasing an album almost every year.
3. Jody Conradt, American basketball player and coach births
  1. Jody Conradt
    
    Addie Jo "Jody" Conradt is a retired women's basketball coach. She was the head coach for the women's team at University of Texas at Austin (UT). Her coaching career spanned 38 years, with the last 31 years at UT from 1976 to 2007. She also served concurrently as the UT women's athletic director from 1992 to 2001. During her tenure at UT, she achieved several notable personal and team milestones in collegiate basketball. At retirement, she had tallied 900 career victories, second place in all time victories for an NCAA Division I basketball coach. Conradt was inducted in the inaugural class at the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 1999.
4. Ritchie Valens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1959) births
  1. Ritchie Valens
    
    Richard Steven Valenzuela, known professionally as Ritchie Valens, was an American guitarist, singer and songwriter. A rock and roll pioneer and a forefather of the Chicano rock movement, Valens was killed in a plane crash eight months into his music career.
5. Frederick Christian, English cricketer (b. 1877) deaths
  1. Cricket at the 1900 Summer Olympics
    
    A cricket tournament, played as part of the 1900 Summer Olympics, took place on 19–20 August at the Vélodrome de Vincennes. The only match of the tournament was played between teams representing Great Britain and France and was won by 158 runs by Great Britain. The team for the French club included at least 11 British nationals, two of whom were born in France, and it is considered a mixed team.
6. Ōnishiki Uichirō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 26th Yokozuna (b. 1891) deaths
  1. Ōnishiki Uichirō
    
    Ōnishiki Uichirō was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler. He was the sport's 26th yokozuna. On 2 November 1922, he became the first yokozuna to perform the yokozuna dohyō-iri at the Meiji Shrine.
  2. Makuuchi
    
    Makuuchi (幕内), or makunouchi (幕の内), is the top division of the six divisions of professional sumo. Its size is fixed at 42 wrestlers (rikishi), ordered into five ranks according to their ability as defined by their performance in previous tournaments.
1940
1. Bruce Chatwin, English author (d. 1989) births
  1. Bruce Chatwin
    
    Charles Bruce Chatwin was an English travel writer, novelist and journalist. His first book, In Patagonia (1977), established Chatwin as a travel writer, although he considered himself instead a storyteller, interested in bringing to light unusual tales. He won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his novel On the Black Hill (1982), while his novel Utz (1988) was shortlisted for the Booker Prize. In 2008 The Times ranked Chatwin as number 46 on their list of "50 Greatest British Writers Since 1945."
2. Kōkichi Tsuburaya, Japanese runner (d. 1968) births
  1. Kōkichi Tsuburaya
    
    Kōkichi Tsuburaya was a Japanese athlete who competed mainly as a marathoner. Kokichi was also a 1st lieutenant in the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force.
1939
1. Hildrun Claus, German long jumper births
  1. Hildrun Laufer-Claus
    
    Hildrun Laufer-Claus is a former East German athlete. She competed in the long jump at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics and finished in third and seventh place, respectively.
2. Peter Frenkel, German race walker and coach births
  1. Peter Frenkel
    
    Peter Frenkel is an East German athlete who was one of the best 20 km race walkers in the world in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
3. Harvey Keitel, American actor births
  1. Harvey Keitel
    
    Harvey Keitel is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of morally ambiguous and "tough guy" characters. He first rose to prominence during the New Hollywood movement, and has held a long-running association with director Martin Scorsese, starring in six of his films since 1967.
1938
1. Giuliano Amato, Italian academic and politician, 48th Prime Minister of Italy births
  1. Giuliano Amato
    
    Giuliano Amato is an Italian politician who twice served as Prime Minister of Italy, first from 1992 to 1993 and again from 2000 to 2001.
  2. Prime Minister of Italy
    
    The prime minister, officially the president of the Council of Ministers, of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic. The office of president of the Council of Ministers is established by articles 92–96 of the Constitution of Italy; the president of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the president of the Republic and must have the confidence of the Parliament to stay in office.
2. Laurent Beaudoin, Canadian businessman births
  1. Laurent Beaudoin
    
    Laurent Robert Beaudoin is a Canadian businessman from Quebec. From 1979 to 2003, he was the CEO of the transportation company Bombardier.
3. Anna Cropper, British actress (d. 2007) births
  1. Anna Cropper
    
    Anna Cropper was an English stage and television actress.
4. Francine Pascal, American author and playwright births
  1. Francine Pascal
    
    Francine Pascal is an American author best known for creating the Sweet Valley series of young adult novels. Sweet Valley High was the backbone of the collection, and was made into a popular television series. There were also several spin-offs, including The Unicorn Club and Sweet Valley University. Although most of these books were published in the 1980s and 1990s, they remained so popular that several titles have been re-released in recent years.
5. Buck Taylor, American actor births
  1. Buck Taylor
    
    Walter Clarence "Buck" Taylor III is an American actor and artist, best known for his role as gunsmith-turned-deputy Newly O'Brian in the CBS television series Gunsmoke. He is the son of Florence Gertrude Heffernan and character actor Dub Taylor. Taylor graduated from North Hollywood High School, where he became a talented gymnast. Actor Guinn "Big Boy" Williams sponsored him to go to the U.S. Olympic Trials as a gymnast, but he failed to qualify for the 1960 Summer Olympics. He served two years in the United States Navy.
6. Charles Édouard Guillaume, Swiss-French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861) deaths
  1. Charles Édouard Guillaume
    
    Charles Édouard Guillaume was a Swiss physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys. In 1919, he gave the fifth Guthrie Lecture at the Institute of Physics in London with the title "The Anomaly of the Nickel-Steels".
  2. Nobel Prize in Physics
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physics is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for humankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.
1937
1. Trevor Baylis, English inventor, invented the wind-up radio (d. 2018) births
  1. Trevor Baylis
    
    Trevor Graham Baylis was an English inventor best known for the wind-up radio. The radio, instead of relying on batteries or external electrical source, is powered by the user winding a crank. This stores energy in a spring which then drives an electrical generator. Baylis invented it in response to the need to communicate information about AIDS to the "people of Africa". He ran a company in his name dedicated to helping inventors to develop and protect their ideas and to find a route to market.
  2. Human power
    
    Human power is work or energy that is produced from the human body. It can also refer to the power of a human. Power comes primarily from muscles, but body heat is also used to do work like warming shelters, food, or other humans.
2. Roch Carrier, Canadian librarian and author births
  1. Roch Carrier
    
    Roch Carrier is a French Canadian novelist and author of "contes". He is among the best known Quebec writers in English Canada.
3. Zohra Lampert, American actress births
  1. Zohra Lampert
    
    Zohra Lampert is an American actress, who has had roles on film, television, and stage, including as the title character in the 1971 cult horror film Let's Scare Jessica to Death; she also starred alongside Natalie Wood and Warren Beatty in the 1961 film Splendor in the Grass. Lampert achieved critical acclaim for her work on Broadway as well, earning two Tony Award nominations for her roles in Look: We've Come Through (1962) and Mother Courage and Her Children (1963). She won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for her role in a 1975 episode of Kojak.
4. Beverley Owen, American actress (d. 2019) births
  1. Beverley Owen
    
    Beverley Owen was an American television actress, best known for having played the original role of Marilyn Munster on the sitcom The Munsters before the role was taken over by Pat Priest.
5. Roger Zelazny, American author and poet (d. 1995) births
  1. Roger Zelazny
    
    Roger Joseph Zelazny was an American poet and writer of fantasy and science fiction short stories and novels, best known for The Chronicles of Amber. He won the Nebula Award three times and the Hugo Award six times, including two Hugos for novels: the serialized novel ...And Call Me Conrad (1965), subsequently published under the title This Immortal (1966) and then the novel Lord of Light (1967).
1936
1. Bill Rompkey, Canadian educator and politician (d. 2017) births
  1. Bill Rompkey
    
    William Hubert Rompkey was a Canadian educator who served as member of Parliament from 1972 to 1995 and a senator from 1995 to 2011.
1935
1. Dominic Cossa, American opera singer births
  1. Dominic Cossa
    
    Dominic Cossa is an American operatic lyric baritone particularly associated with the Italian and French repertoire.
2. Jan Saudek, Czech photographer and painter births
  1. Jan Saudek
    
    Jan Saudek is an art photographer and painter.
3. Kája Saudek, Czech author and illustrator (d. 2015) births
  1. Kája Saudek
    
    Kája Saudek was a Czech comics illustrator and graphic artist. He was considered one of the best artists of Czech comics. He has been called the "King of Czech comic books". His twin brother Jan Saudek is an internationally known photographer and painter.
1934
1. Ehud Netzer, Israeli archaeologist, architect, and academic (d. 2010) births
  1. Ehud Netzer
    
    Ehud Netzer was an Israeli architect, archaeologist and educator, known for his extensive excavations at Herodium, where in 2007 he found the tomb of Herod the Great; and the discovery of a structure defined by Netzer as a synagogue, which if true would be the oldest one ever found.
2. Leon Wagner, American baseball player and actor (d. 2004) births
  1. Leon Wagner
    
    Leon Lamar Wagner was an American professional baseball left fielder who played Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants, St. Louis Cardinals (1960), Los Angeles Angels (1961–1963), Cleveland Indians (1964–1968), and Chicago White Sox (1968). He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
1933
1. John Roseboro, American baseball player and coach (d. 2002) births
  1. John Roseboro
    
    John Junior Roseboro was an American professional baseball player and coach. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball from 1957 until 1970, most prominently as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers. A four-time All-Star player, Roseboro is considered one of the best defensive catchers of the 1960s, winning two Gold Glove Awards. He was the Dodgers' starting catcher in four World Series with the Dodgers winning three of those. Roseboro was known for his role in one of the most violent incidents in baseball history when Juan Marichal struck him in the head with a bat during a game in 1965.
1931
1. Jim Jones, American cult leader, founder of the Peoples Temple (d. 1978) births
  1. Jim Jones
    
    James Warren Jones was an American preacher, political activist and mass murderer. He led the Peoples Temple, a new religious movement, between 1955 and 1978. In what he called "revolutionary suicide", Jones and the members of his inner circle orchestrated a mass murder–suicide in his remote jungle commune at Jonestown, Guyana, on November 18, 1978. Jones and the events which occurred at Jonestown have had a defining influence on society's perception of cults.
  2. Peoples Temple
    
    The Peoples Temple of the Disciples of Christ, originally Peoples Temple Full Gospel Church and commonly shortened to Peoples Temple, was an American new religious organization which existed between 1954 and 1978. Founded in Indianapolis, Indiana by Reverend Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple spread a message that combined elements of Christianity with communist and socialist ideology, with an emphasis on racial equality. After Jones moved the group to California in the 1960s and established several locations throughout the state, including its headquarters in San Francisco, the Temple forged ties with many left-wing political figures and claimed to have 20,000 members.
2. Sydney Lipworth, South African-English lawyer, businessman, and philanthropist births
  1. Sydney Lipworth
    
    Sir Maurice Sydney Lipworth KC (Hon), is a South African lawyer, businessman, public servant and philanthropist.
1930
1. Mike Gravel, American lieutenant and politician (d. 2021) births
  1. Mike Gravel
    
    Maurice Robert "Mike" Gravel was an American politician and writer who served as a United States Senator from Alaska from 1969 to 1981 as a member of the Democratic Party, and who later in life twice ran for the presidential nomination of that party.
2. José Jiménez Lozano, Spanish journalist and author (d. 2020) births
  1. José Jiménez Lozano
    
    José Jiménez Lozano was a Spanish writer. In 2002 he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize.
3. Vernon Shaw, Dominican politician, 5th President of Dominica (d. 2013) births
  1. Vernon Shaw
    
    Vernon Lorden Shaw was the fifth President of Dominica, in office from 1998 to 2003.
  2. List of presidents of Dominica
    
    The president of Dominica is the head of state under the system implemented by the Constitution of 1978, the year of Dominica's independence.
4. Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian scientist, explorer, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861) deaths
  1. Fridtjof Nansen
    
    Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen was a Norwegian polymath and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. He gained prominence at various points in his life as an explorer, scientist, diplomat, and humanitarian. He led the team that made the first crossing of the Greenland interior in 1888, traversing the island on cross-country skis. He won international fame after reaching a record northern latitude of 86°14′ during his Fram expedition of 1893–1896. Although he retired from exploration after his return to Norway, his techniques of polar travel and his innovations in equipment and clothing influenced a generation of subsequent Arctic and Antarctic expeditions.
  2. Nobel Peace Prize
    
    The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".
1929
1. John Galvin, American general (d. 2015) births
  1. John Galvin (general)
    
    John Rogers Galvin was an American army general who served as the sixth dean of the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University and a member of the U.S. Commission on National Security/21st Century.
2. Arthur Scherbius, German electrical engineer, invented the Enigma machine (b. 1878) deaths
  1. Arthur Scherbius
    
    Arthur Scherbius was a German electrical engineer who invented the mechanical cipher Enigma machine. He patented the invention and later sold the machine under the brand name Enigma.
  2. Enigma machine
    
    The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the German military. The Enigma machine was considered so secure that it was used to encipher the most top-secret messages.
1928
1. Enrique Bolaños, Nicaraguan politician, President of Nicaragua (d. 2021) births
  1. Enrique Bolaños
    
    Enrique José Bolaños Geyer was a Nicaraguan politician who served as President of Nicaragua from 10 January 2002 to 10 January 2007.
  2. President of Nicaragua
    
    The president of Nicaragua, officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua, is the head of state and head of government of Nicaragua. The office was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1839, the head of state of Nicaragua was styled simply as Head of State, and from 1839 to 1854 as Supreme Director.
2. Édouard Molinaro, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2013) births
  1. Édouard Molinaro
    
    Édouard Molinaro was a French film director and screenwriter.
1927
1. Archie Scott Brown, Scottish race car driver (d. 1958) births
  1. Archie Scott Brown
    
    William Archibald Scott Brown, known as Archie, was a British Formula One and sports car racing driver from Scotland who had a prodigious racing ability despite only having one hand. He became known as motorsport's first disabled hero and battled considerable adversity to participate in, and win, some of the most prestigious races of his day. After being discovered and championed by Brian Lister, he enjoyed great success racing Lister Cars, winning the British Empire Trophy in 1957. In his short career, he scored a total of 71 race victories, 15 of which came from international competition. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix on 14 July 1956, scoring no championship points. He also attempted to qualify for the Italian Grand Prix in the same year, but was excluded due to his lack of the required International Licence, his disability precluding the granting of such a licence at the time.
2. Fred Hellerman, American folk singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2016) births
  1. Fred Hellerman
    
    Fred Hellerman was an American folk singer, guitarist, producer, and songwriter. Hellerman was an original member of the seminal American folk group The Weavers, together with Pete Seeger, Lee Hays, and Ronnie Gilbert. He produced the record album Alice's Restaurant (1967) for Arlo Guthrie, played accompaniment guitar on scores of folk albums, and wrote a number of folk and protest songs.
3. Herbert Ross, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2001) births
  1. Herbert Ross
    
    Herbert David Ross was an American actor, choreographer, director and producer who worked predominantly in theater and film. He was nominated for two Academy Awards and a Tony Award.
1926
1. Libert H. Boeynaems, Belgian-American bishop (b. 1857) deaths
  1. Libert H. Boeynaems
    
    Libert H. Boeynaems, formally Libert Hubert John Louis Boeynaems, SS.CC.,, was the fourth vicar apostolic of the Vicariate Apostolic of the Hawaiian Islands — now the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu.
1924
1. Theodore Mann, American director and producer (d. 2012) births
  1. Theodore Mann
    
    Theodore Mann, birth name Goldman, was an American theatre producer and director and the Artistic Director of the Circle in the Square Theatre School.
2. Harry Schwarz, South African anti-apartheid leader, lawyer, and Ambassador (d. 2010) births
  1. Harry Schwarz
    
    Harry Heinz Schwarz was a South African lawyer, statesman and long-time political opposition leader against apartheid in South Africa, who eventually served as the South African Ambassador to the United States during the country's transition to majority rule.
1923
1. Ruth Adler Schnee, German-American textile designer and interior designer births
  1. Ruth Adler Schnee
    
    Ruth Adler Schnee is an American textile designer and interior designer based in Michigan. Schnee is best known for her modern prints and abstract-patterns of organic and geometric forms. She opened the Ruth Adler-Schnee Design Studio with her spouse Edward Schnee in Detroit, which operated until 1960. The studio produced textiles and later branched off into Adler-Schnee Associates home decor, interiors and furniture.
1922
1. Michael Ainsworth, English cricketer (d. 1978) births
  1. Michael Ainsworth
    
    Michael Lionel Yeoward Ainsworth was an English cricketer: a right-handed batsman who played his county cricket for Worcestershire but also appeared on a number of occasions for Combined Services and Free Foresters.
2. Otl Aicher, German graphic designer and typographer (d. 1991) births
  1. Otl Aicher
    
    Otto "Otl" Aicher was a German graphic designer and typographer. Aicher co-founded and taught at the influential Ulm School of Design. He is known for having led the design team of the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, and for overseeing the creation of its prominently used system of pictograms. Aicher also developed the Rotis typeface.
3. Bea Arthur, American actress and singer (d. 2009) births
  1. Bea Arthur
    
    Beatrice Arthur was an American actress and comedian. Born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City, Arthur began her career on stage in 1947, attracting critical acclaim before achieving worldwide recognition for her work on television beginning in the 1970s as Maude Findlay in the popular sitcoms All in the Family (1971–1972) and Maude (1972–1978) and later in the 1980s and 1990s as Dorothy Zbornak on The Golden Girls (1985–1992).
1921
1. Jean Aicard, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1848) deaths
  1. Jean Aicard
    
    Jean François Victor Aicard was a French poet, dramatist, and novelist.
1920
1. Gareth Morris, English flute player (d. 2007) births
  1. Gareth Morris
    
    Gareth Charles Walter Morris was a British flautist. He was the principal flautist of a number of London orchestras including the Boyd Neel Orchestra before joining the Philharmonia Orchestra. He was the principal flautist of this orchestra for 24 years and Professor of the Flute at the Royal Academy of Music from 1945 to 1985. Morris was known for using a wooden flute, at a time when most other players had switched to using metal flutes.
1918
1. Balasaraswati, Indian dancer and instructor (d. 1984) births
  1. Balasaraswati
    
    Tanjore Balasaraswati, also known as Balasaraswati, was an Indian dancer, and her rendering of Bharatanatyam, a classical dance style originated in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu, made this style of dancing well known in different parts of India and many parts of the world.
2. Gwyn Howells, Australian public servant (d. 1997) births
  1. Gwyn Howells
    
    Gwyn Howells was a senior Australian public servant, best known for his time as Director-General of the Department of Health.
1916
1. Sachidananda Routray, Indian Oriya-language poet (d. 2004) births
  1. Sachidananda Routray
    
    Sachidananda Routray was an Indian poet, novelist and short-story writer who wrote in Odia. He received Jnanpith Award, the highest literary award of India, in 1986. He was popularly known as Biplabi Kabi Sachi Routray.
2. Sholem Aleichem, Ukrainian-American author and playwright (b. 1859) deaths
  1. Sholem Aleichem
    
    Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich, better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem, was a Yiddish author and playwright who lived in the Russian Empire and in the United States. The 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof, based on Aleichem's stories about Tevye the Dairyman, was the first commercially successful English-language stage production about Jewish life in Eastern Europe.
1914
1. Joe Louis, American boxer (d. 1981) births
  1. Joe Louis
    
    Joseph Louis Barrow was an American professional boxer who competed from 1934 to 1951. Nicknamed the Brown Bomber, Louis is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential boxers of all time. He reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1937 until his temporary retirement in 1949. He was victorious in 25 consecutive title defenses, a record for all weight classes. Louis had the longest single reign as champion of any boxer in history.
2. Johnnie Wright, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011) births
  1. Johnnie Wright
    
    Johnnie Robert Wright Jr. was an American country music singer-songwriter, who spent much of his career working with Jack Anglin as the popular duo Johnnie & Jack, and was also the husband of country music star Kitty Wells.
3. Antonia Ferrín Moreiras, Spanish mathematician, academic, and astronomer (d. 2009) births
  1. Antonia Ferrín Moreiras
    
    Antonia Ferrín Moreiras was a mathematician, professor and the first female Galician astronomer. Her main contributions to astronomy were works on stellar occultations by the moon, measures of double stars and astrometric measurements, as well as the determination of the passage of stars through two verticals. She accomplished all of this while she was working at the Observatory of the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC).
1913
1. Robert Dorning, English actor, singer, and dancer (d. 1989) births
  1. Robert Dorning
    
    Robert Dorning was a musician, dance band vocalist, ballet dancer and stage, film and television actor. He is known to have performed in at least 77 television and film productions between 1940 and 1988.
2. Theo Helfrich, German racing driver (d. 1978) births
  1. Theo Helfrich
    
    Theodor Helfrich was a racing driver from Germany. He participated in three World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 3 August 1952, but scored no championship points. He was German Formula Two Champion in 1953, took a number of wins in the German Formula Three Championship in a Cooper-Norton, and finished in second place in the 1952 24 Hours of Le Mans race.
3. William R. Tolbert, Jr., Liberian politician, 20th President of Liberia (d. 1980) births
  1. William Tolbert
    
    William Richard Tolbert Jr. was a Liberian politician who served as the 20th president of Liberia from 1971 until 1980.
  2. President of Liberia
    
    The president of the Republic of Liberia is the head of state and government of Liberia. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of Liberia.
1912
1. Gil Evans, Canadian-American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1988) births
  1. Gil Evans
    
    Ian Ernest Gilmore Evans was a Canadian–American jazz pianist, arranger, composer and bandleader. He is widely recognized as one of the greatest orchestrators in jazz, playing an important role in the development of cool jazz, modal jazz, free jazz, and jazz fusion. He is best known for his acclaimed collaborations with Miles Davis.
2. Judah Nadich, American colonel and rabbi (d. 2007) births
  1. Judah Nadich
    
    Rabbi Judah Nadich, was a Conservative rabbi, who served congregations in Buffalo, New York and Chicago, Illinois, and later was the U.S. Army's senior Jewish chaplain in Europe while Allied forces were liberating Nazi concentration camps, and later was the President of the Rabbinical Assembly, the international association of Conservative rabbis.
1911
1. Robert Middleton, American actor (d. 1977) births
  1. Robert Middleton
    
    Robert Middleton was an American film and television actor known for his large size, beetle-like brows, and a deep, booming voice, usually in the portrayal of ruthless villains.
2. Maxine Sullivan, American singer and actress (d. 1987) births
  1. Maxine Sullivan
    
    Maxine Sullivan, born Marietta Williams in Homestead, Pennsylvania, United States, was an American jazz vocalist and performer.
1909
1. Ken Darby, American composer and conductor (d. 1992) births
  1. Ken Darby
    
    Kenneth Lorin Darby was an American composer, vocal arranger, lyricist, and conductor. His film scores were recognized by the awarding of three Academy Awards and one Grammy Award. He provided vocals for the Munchkinland mayor in The Wizard of Oz (1939), who was portrayed in the film by Charlie Becker. Darby is also notable as the author of The Brownstone House of Nero Wolfe (1983), a biography of the home of Rex Stout's fictional detective.
1908
1. Eugen Kapp, Estonian composer and educator (d. 1996) births
  1. Eugen Kapp
    
    Eugen Arturovich Kapp was an Estonian composer and music educator. Characterized by simple harmonies, march rhythms and an appealing melodic style, his music is reflective upon the musical ideas favoured by the Stalinist regime of the 1940s and 1950s. He is best remembered today for his contribution to Russian opera.
1907
1. Daphne du Maurier, English novelist and playwright (d. 1989) births
  1. Daphne du Maurier
    
    Dame Daphne du Maurier, Lady Browning, was an English novelist, biographer and playwright. Her parents were actor-manager Sir Gerald du Maurier and his wife, actress Muriel Beaumont. Her grandfather was George du Maurier, a writer and cartoonist.
1905
1. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Indian lawyer and politician, 5th President of India (d. 1977) births
  1. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
    
    Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed was an Indian lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president of India from 1974 to 1977.
  2. President of India
    
    The president of India is the head of state of the Republic of India. The president is the nominal head of the executive, the first citizen of the country, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces. Droupadi Murmu is the 15th and current president, having taken office from 25 July 2022.
1904
1. Louis Duffus, Australian-South African cricketer and journalist (d. 1984) births
  1. Louis Duffus
    
    Louis George Duffus was a South African cricketer who became the country's most respected writer on the game.
1903
1. Apolinario Mabini, Filipino lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Philippines (b. 1864) deaths
  1. Apolinario Mabini
    
    Apolinario Mabini y Maranan was a Filipino revolutionary leader, educator, lawyer, and statesman who served first as a legal and constitutional adviser to the Revolutionary Government, and then as the first Prime Minister of the Philippines upon the establishment of the First Philippine Republic. He is regarded as the "utak ng himagsikan" or "brain of the revolution" and is also considered as a national hero in the Philippines. Mabini's work and thoughts on the government shaped the Philippines' fight for independence over the next century.
  2. Prime Minister of the Philippines
    
    The prime minister of the Philippines was the official designation of the head of the government of the Philippines from 1978 until the People Power Revolution in 1986. During martial law and the fourth republic, the prime minister served as the head the Armed Forces of the Philippines. A limited version of this office, officially known as the President of the Council of Government, existed temporarily in 1899 during the First Philippine Republic.
1901
1. Murilo Mendes, Brazilian poet and telegrapher (d. 1975) births
  1. Murilo Mendes
    
    Murilo Monteiro Mendes was a Brazilian Modernist poet, considered to be one of the forerunners of the Surrealist movement in Brazil.
1895
1. Nandor Fodor, Hungarian-American psychologist, parapsychologist, and author (d. 1964) births
  1. Nandor Fodor
    
    Nandor Fodor was a British and American parapsychologist, psychoanalyst, author and journalist of Hungarian origin.
1894
1. Ásgeir Ásgeirsson, Icelandic politician, 2nd President of Iceland (d. 1972) births
  1. Ásgeir Ásgeirsson
    
    Ásgeir Ásgeirsson was the second president of Iceland, from 1952 to 1968. He was a Freemason and served as Grand Master of the Icelandic Order of Freemasons.
  2. President of Iceland
    
    The president of Iceland is the head of state of Iceland. The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, who is now in his second term as president, elected in 2016 and re-elected in 2020.
1888
1. Inge Lehmann, Danish seismologist and geophysicist (d. 1993) births
  1. Inge Lehmann
    
    Inge Lehmann was a Danish seismologist and geophysicist. In 1936, she discovered that the Earth has a solid inner core inside a molten outer core. Before that, seismologists believed Earth's core to be a single molten sphere, being unable, however, to explain careful measurements of seismic waves from earthquakes, which were inconsistent with this idea. Lehmann analysed the seismic wave measurements and concluded that Earth must have a solid inner core and a molten outer core to produce seismic waves that matched the measurements. Other seismologists tested and then accepted Lehmann's explanation. Lehmann was also one of the longest-lived scientists, having lived for over 104 years.
1887
1. Lorna Hodgkinson, Australian educator and educational psychologist (d. 1951) births
  1. Lorna Hodgkinson
    
    Lorna Myrtle Hodgkinson was an Australian educator and educational psychologist who worked with intellectually disabled children. She was the first woman to receive a Doctor of Education degree from Harvard University. She called out the poor system in Australia and her reputation was ruined by the minister responsible.
  2. Educational psychologist
    
    An educational psychologist is a psychologist whose differentiating functions may include diagnostic and psycho-educational assessment, psychological counseling in educational communities, community-type psycho-educational intervention, and mediation, coordination, and referral to other professionals, at all levels of the educational system. Many countries use this term to signify those who provide services to students, their teachers, and families, while other countries use this term to signify academic expertise in teaching Educational Psychology.
1885
1. Mikiel Gonzi, Maltese archbishop (d. 1984) births
  1. Mikiel Gonzi
    
    Sir Michael Count Gonzi,, was Roman Catholic Archbishop of Malta from 1944 until 1976. He had been enthroned as Bishop of Malta in December 1943, and was consecrated as the first Archbishop of Malta in 1944. He had also been Bishop of Gozo and an elected Labour Senator in the Malta Legislative Assembly.
2. Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, German physician, pathologist, and anatomist (b. 1809) deaths
  1. Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
    
    Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle was a German physician, pathologist, and anatomist. He is credited with the discovery of the loop of Henle in the kidney. His essay, "On Miasma and Contagia," was an early argument for the germ theory of disease. He was an important figure in the development of modern medicine.
1884
1. Oskar Rosenfeld, Jewish-Austrian writer and Holocaust victim (d.1944) births
  1. Oskar Rosenfeld
    
    Oskar Rosenfeld was an Austrian-Jewish writer killed at Auschwitz concentration camp.
2. Cyrus McCormick, American businessman, co-founded the International Harvester Company (b. 1809) deaths
  1. Cyrus McCormick
    
    Cyrus Hall McCormick was an American inventor and businessman who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company, which later became part of the International Harvester Company in 1902. Originally from the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, he and many members of the McCormick family became prominent residents of Chicago. McCormick has been simplistically credited as the single inventor of the mechanical reaper. He was, however, one of several designing engineers who produced successful models in the 1830s. His efforts built on more than two decades of work by his father Robert McCormick Jr., with the aid of Jo Anderson, who was enslaved by the family. He also successfully developed a modern company, with manufacturing, marketing, and a sales force to market his products.
  2. International Harvester
    
    The International Harvester Company was an American manufacturer of agricultural and construction equipment, automobiles, commercial trucks, lawn and garden products, household equipment, and more. It was formed from the 1902 merger of McCormick Harvesting Machine Company and Deering Harvester Company and three smaller manufactures: Milwaukee; Plano; and Warder, Bushnell, and Glessner. In the 1980s all divisions were sold off except for International Trucks, which changed its parent company name to Navistar International. Its brands included McCormick, Deering, and later McCormick-Deering, as well as International. Along with the Farmall and Cub Cadet tractors, International was also known for the Scout and Travelall vehicle nameplates.
1883
1. Georgios Papanikolaou, Greek-American pathologist, invented the pap smear (d. 1962) births
  1. Georgios Papanikolaou
    
    Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou was a Greek physician who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the "Pap smear".
  2. Pap test
    
    The Papanicolaou test is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix or colon. Abnormal findings are often followed up by more sensitive diagnostic procedures and, if warranted, interventions that aim to prevent progression to cervical cancer. The test was independently invented in the 1920s by Georgios Papanikolaou and Aurel Babeș and named after Papanikolaou. A simplified version of the test was introduced by Anna Marion Hilliard in 1957.
1882
1. Georges Braque, French painter and sculptor (d. 1963) births
  1. Georges Braque
    
    Georges Braque was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1905, and the role he played in the development of Cubism. Braque's work between 1908 and 1912 is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso. Their respective Cubist works were indistinguishable for many years, yet the quiet nature of Braque was partially eclipsed by the fame and notoriety of Picasso.
1881
1. Lima Barreto, Brazilian journalist and author (d. 1922) births
  1. Lima Barreto
    
    Afonso Henriques de Lima Barreto was a Brazilian novelist and journalist. A major figure in Brazilian Pre-Modernism, he is famous for the novel Triste Fim de Policarpo Quaresma, a bitter satire of the first years of the República Velha in Brazil.
2. Joe Forshaw, American runner (d. 1964) births
  1. Joseph Forshaw (athlete)
    
    Joseph Forshaw, Jr. was an American athlete who competed mainly in the Marathon.
1878
1. Joseph Henry, American physicist and academic (b. 1797) deaths
  1. Joseph Henry
    
    Joseph Henry was an American scientist who served as the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. He was the secretary for the National Institute for the Promotion of Science, a precursor of the Smithsonian Institution. He was highly regarded during his lifetime. While building electromagnets, Henry discovered the electromagnetic phenomenon of self-inductance. He also discovered mutual inductance independently of Michael Faraday, though Faraday was the first to make the discovery and publish his results. Henry developed the electromagnet into a practical device. He invented a precursor to the electric doorbell and electric relay (1835). His work on the electromagnetic relay was the basis of the practical electrical telegraph, invented by Samuel F. B. Morse and Sir Charles Wheatstone, separately. In his honor the SI unit of inductance is named the henry.
1877
1. Robert Hamilton, Scottish international footballer (d. 1948) births
  1. Robert Hamilton (Scottish footballer)
    
    Robert Cumming Hamilton was a Scottish international footballer, most notable for his ten-season association with Rangers.
1869
1. Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, Turkish writer (d. 1944) births
  1. Mehmet Emin Yurdakul
    
    Mehmet Emin Yurdakul was a Turkish nationalist writer, poet and politician. Being an ideologue of Pan-Turkism, his writings and poems had a major impact on defining the term vatan (Fatherland).
1868
1. Sumner Paine, American target shooter (d. 1904) births
  1. Sumner Paine
    
    Sumner Paine was an American shooter. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.
1866
1. Nikolai Brashman, Czech-Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1796) deaths
  1. Nikolai Brashman
    
    Nikolai Dmitrievich Brashman was a Russian mathematician of Jewish-Austrian origin. He was a student of Joseph Johann Littrow, and the advisor of Pafnuty Chebyshev and August Davidov.
1857
1. Ronald Ross, Indian-English physician and mathematician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1932) births
  1. Ronald Ross
    
    Sir Ronald Ross was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria, becoming the first British Nobel laureate, and the first born outside Europe. His discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of a mosquito in 1897 proved that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes, and laid the foundation for the method of combating the disease.
  2. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
1856
1. Tom O'Rourke, American boxer and manager (d. 1938) births
  1. Tom O'Rourke (boxing manager)
    
    Tom O'Rourke was born in Boston and became a boxing manager in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
1853
1. Vaiben Louis Solomon, Australian politician, 21st Premier of South Australia (d. 1908) births
  1. Vaiben Louis Solomon
    
    Vaiben Louis Solomon was the 21st Premier of South Australia and a member of the first Australian Commonwealth parliament. He was generally known by his full name.
  2. Premier of South Australia
    
    The premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia, Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the governor of South Australia, and by modern convention holds office by virtue of his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the House of Assembly.
1842
1. Arthur Sullivan, English composer (d. 1900) births
  1. Arthur Sullivan
    
    Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan was an English composer. He is best known for 14 operatic collaborations with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, including H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado. His works include 24 operas, 11 major orchestral works, ten choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces. His hymns and songs include "Onward, Christian Soldiers" and "The Lost Chord".
1840
1. Alphonse Daudet, French author, poet, and playwright (d. 1897) births
  1. Alphonse Daudet
    
    Alphonse Daudet was a French novelist. He was the husband of Julia Daudet and father of Edmée, Léon and Lucien Daudet.
1835
1. John Nash, English architect, designed the Royal Pavilion (b. 1752) deaths
  1. John Nash (architect)
    
    John Nash was one of the foremost British architects of the Georgian and Regency eras, during which he was responsible for the design, in the neoclassical and picturesque styles, of many important areas of London. His designs were financed by the Prince Regent and by the era's most successful property developer, James Burton. Nash also collaborated extensively with Burton's son, Decimus Burton.
  2. Royal Pavilion
    
    The Royal Pavilion, and surrounding gardens, also known as the Brighton Pavilion, is a Grade I listed former royal residence located in Brighton, England. Beginning in 1787, it was built in three stages as a seaside retreat for George, Prince of Wales, who became the Prince Regent in 1811, and King George IV in 1820. It is built in the Indo-Saracenic style prevalent in India for most of the 19th century. The current appearance of the Pavilion, with its domes and minarets, is the work of architect John Nash, who extended the building starting in 1815. George IV's successors William IV, and Victoria, also used the Pavilion, but Queen Victoria decided that Osborne House should be the royal seaside retreat, and the Pavilion was sold to the city of Brighton in 1850.
1832
1. Juris Alunāns, Latvian philologist and author (d. 1864) births
  1. Juris Alunāns
    
    Juris Alunāns was a Latvian writer and philologist in the Russian Empire. He was one of the first contributors of Latvian language. He was one of the members of the Young Latvia movement.
2. Georges Cuvier, French zoologist and academic (b. 1769) deaths
  1. Georges Cuvier
    
    Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier, known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in natural sciences research in the early 19th century and was instrumental in establishing the fields of comparative anatomy and paleontology through his work in comparing living animals with fossils.
1830
1. Zebulon Baird Vance, American colonel, lawyer, and politician, 37th Governor of North Carolina (d. 1894) births
  1. Zebulon Baird Vance
    
    Zebulon Baird Vance was the 37th and 43rd governor of North Carolina, a U.S. Senator from North Carolina, and a Confederate officer during the American Civil War.
  2. Governor of North Carolina
    
    The Governor of North Carolina is the head of government of the U.S. state of North Carolina. The governor directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander in chief of the military forces of the state. The current governor, Democrat Roy Cooper took office on January 1, 2017, and had a public swearing-in ceremony on January 7, 2017.
1822
1. Francis, Duke of Cádiz (d. 1902) births
  1. Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz
    
    Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz, sometimes anglicised Francis of Assisi, was King consort of Spain as the husband of Queen Isabella II of Spain from their marriage on 10 October 1846 until Isabella was overthrown on 30 September 1868. He retained the style and title of king even after her abdication in favour of their son, Alfonso XII. His son was a king regnant, while Francisco himself was a king-father during the reign of the son.
1811
1. Juan Bautista Ceballos, President of Mexico (1853) (d. 1859) births
  1. Juan Bautista Ceballos
    
    Juan Bautista Ceballos was a Mexican politician who served in congress and in the supreme court before being made president after the resignation of President Mariano Arista during a revolution known as the Plan of Jalisco in 1853. He failed to come to any sort of arrangements with the insurgents and resigned after only about a month of serving and went back to his seat on the supreme court. After being removed from the court by the restored Santa Anna, he left the country and died in Paris in 1859.
1809
1. Beilby Porteus, English bishop (b. 1731) deaths
  1. Beilby Porteus
    
    Beilby Porteus, successively Bishop of Chester and of London, was a Church of England reformer and a leading abolitionist in England. He was the first Anglican in a position of authority to seriously challenge the Church's position on slavery.
1807
1. Eliphalet Dyer, American colonel, lawyer, and politician (b. 1721) deaths
  1. Eliphalet Dyer
    
    Eliphalet Dyer was a lawyer, jurist, and statesman from Windham, Connecticut. He was a delegate for Connecticut to many sessions of the Continental Congress, where he signed the 1774 Continental Association.
1804
1. Per Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad, Swedo-Finnish treasurer of Tavastia province, manor host, and paternal grandfather of President P. E. Svinhufvud (d. 1866) births
  1. Per Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad
    
    Per Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad was a Finnish provincial treasurer of Tavastia and the host of the Rapola Manor in Sääksmäki. His grandson was Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, the future third President of the Republic of Finland.
  2. Tavastia (historical province)
    
    Tavastia is a historical province in the south of Finland. It borders Finland Proper, Satakunta, Ostrobothnia, Savonia and Uusimaa.
  3. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
    
    Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad was the third president of Finland from 1931 to 1937. Serving as a lawyer, judge, and politician in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, he played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence, he was one who presented the Declaration of Independence to the Parliament. In 1917–1918, Svinhufvud was the first Head of State of independent Finland, first as Chairman of the Senate and subsequently as Protector of State or Regent. He also served as Prime Minister from 1930 to 1931.
1795
1. Gérard Paul Deshayes, French geologist and chronologist (d. 1875) births
  1. Gérard Paul Deshayes
    
    Gérard Paul Deshayes was a French geologist and conchologist.
1794
1. Louis Léopold Robert, French painter (d. 1835) births
  1. Louis Léopold Robert
    
    Louis Léopold Robert was a Swiss painter.
1792
1. Pope Pius IX (d. 1878) births
  1. Pope Pius IX
    
    Pope Pius IX was head of the Catholic Church from 1846 to 1878, the longest verified papal reign. He was notable for convoking the First Vatican Council in 1868 and for permanently losing control of the Papal States in 1870 to the Kingdom of Italy. Thereafter he refused to leave Vatican City, declaring himself a "prisoner of the Vatican".
1782
1. Daniel Solander, Swedish-English botanist and phycologist (b. 1736) deaths
  1. Daniel Solander
    
    Daniel Carlsson Solander or Daniel Charles Solander was a Swedish naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus. Solander was the first university-educated scientist to set foot on Australian soil.
1753
1. Lazare Carnot, French general, mathematician, and politician, French Minister of the Interior (d. 1823) births
  1. Lazare Carnot
    
    Lazare Nicolas Marguerite, Count Carnot was a French mathematician, physicist and politician. He was known as the "Organizer of Victory" in the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars.
  2. Minister of the Interior (France)
    
    Minister of the Interior is an important position in the Government of France. The position is equivalent to the interior minister in other countries, like the Home Secretary in the United Kingdom, the Minister of Public Safety in Canada, or similar to a combination of the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security in the United States.
1742
1. Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen (d. 1798) births
  1. Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
    
    Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen, was the fifth child of Maria Theresa of Austria and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. Married in 1766 to Prince Albert of Saxony, the couple received the Duchy of Teschen, and she was appointed Governor of the Austrian Netherlands jointly with her husband during 1781–1789 and 1791–1792. After two expulsions from the Netherlands, she lived with her husband in Vienna until her death.
1735
1. Horace Coignet, French violinist and composer (d. 1821) births
  1. Horace Coignet
    
    Horace Coignet was a French amateur violinist, singer and composer. He was active in Lyons as a pattern-designer and dealer in embroidered goods, as an official clerk and as musical director of the city from 1794. He became the music instructor to the Duchesse d'Aumont in Paris, and later returned to Lyons where he served on the directorial board of the conservatory. He was known as a gifted violinist, and composed harpsichord pieces, romances, a set of Trois duos concertants de violon et fugues, a revolutionary hymn for the Rousseau celebration at Lyons and some theatrical music His most notable work the music for Jean-Jacques Rousseau's 1762 short play Pygmalion, first performed in Lyon in 1770 was a success and soon became known throughout Europe.
1730
1. Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, English politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1782) births
  1. Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham
    
    Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, was a British Whig statesman, most notable for his two terms as Prime Minister of Great Britain. He became the patron of many Whigs, known as the Rockingham Whigs, and served as a leading Whig grandee. He served in only two high offices during his lifetime but was nonetheless very influential during his one and a half years of service.
  2. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    
    The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern prime ministers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the House of Commons, they sit as members of Parliament.
1726
1. Francesco Antonio Pistocchi, Italian singer (b. 1659) deaths
  1. Francesco Antonio Pistocchi
    
    Francesco Antonio Mamiliano Pistocchi, nicknamed Pistocchino, was an Italian singer, composer and librettist.
1717
1. Maria Theresa, Archduchess, Queen, and Empress; Austrian wife of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1780) births
  1. Maria Theresa
    
    Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position suo jure. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.
  2. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
    
    Francis I was Holy Roman Emperor (1745–1765), Archduke of Austria (1740–1765), Duke of Lorraine and Bar (1729–1737), and Grand Duke of Tuscany (1737–1765). He became the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, Austria, and Tuscany through his marriage to Maria Theresa, daughter of Emperor Charles VI. Francis was the last non-Habsburg monarch of both the Empire and Austria, which were effectively governed by Maria Theresa. The couple were the founders of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty, and their marriage produced sixteen children.
1713
1. Alexis Clairaut, French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist (d. 1765) births
  1. Alexis Clairaut
    
    Alexis Claude Clairaut was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist. He was a prominent Newtonian whose work helped to establish the validity of the principles and results that Sir Isaac Newton had outlined in the Principia of 1687. Clairaut was one of the key figures in the expedition to Lapland that helped to confirm Newton's theory for the figure of the Earth. In that context, Clairaut worked out a mathematical result now known as "Clairaut's theorem". He also tackled the gravitational three-body problem, being the first to obtain a satisfactory result for the apsidal precession of the Moon's orbit. In mathematics he is also credited with Clairaut's equation and Clairaut's relation.
1712
1. Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff, Danish politician and diplomat (d. 1772) births
  1. Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff
    
    Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff was a German-Danish statesman and a member of the Bernstorff noble family of Mecklenburg. He was the son of Joachim Engelke Freiherr von Bernstorff, chamberlain to the Elector of Hanover.
1704
1. Louis Bourdaloue, French preacher and author (b. 1632) deaths
  1. Louis Bourdaloue
    
    Louis Bourdaloue was a French Jesuit and preacher.
1699
1. Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, Portuguese politician, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1782) births
  1. Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal
    
    Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal and 1st Count of Oeiras, known as the Marquis of Pombal, was a Portuguese statesman and diplomat who effectively ruled the Portuguese Empire from 1750 to 1777 as chief minister to King Joseph I. A liberal reformer influenced by the Age of Enlightenment, Pombal led Portugal's recovery from the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and modernized the kingdom's administrative, economic, and ecclesiastical institutions. During his lengthy ministerial career, Pombal accumulated and exercised autocratic power.
  2. Prime Minister of Portugal
    
    The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries.
1638
1. Richard Simon, French priest and scholar (d. 1712) births
  1. Richard Simon (priest)
    
    Richard Simon CO, was a French priest, a member of the Oratorians, who was an influential biblical critic, orientalist and controversialist.
1619
1. Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch politician (b. 1547) deaths
  1. Johan van Oldenbarnevelt
    
    Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Heer van Berkel en Rodenrijs (1600), Gunterstein (1611) and Bakkum (1613) was a Dutch statesman and revolutionary who played an important role in the Dutch struggle for independence from the Habsburg Castilian Empire.
1612
1. Sasaki Kojirō, Japanese master swordsman (b. 1575) deaths
  1. Sasaki Kojirō
    
    Sasaki Kojirō was a Japanese swordsman who may have lived during the Azuchi–Momoyama and early Edo periods and is known primarily for the story of his battle with Miyamoto Musashi in 1612, where Sasaki was killed. Although suffering from defeat as well as death at the hands of Musashi, he is a revered and respected warrior in Japanese history and culture.
  2. Swordsmanship
    
    Swordsmanship or sword fighting refers to the skills and techniques used in combat and training with any type of sword. The term is modern, and as such was mainly used to refer to smallsword fencing, but by extension it can also be applied to any martial art involving the use of a sword. The formation of the English word "swordsman" is parallel to the Latin word gladiator, a term for the professional fighters who fought against each other and a variety of other foes for the entertainment of spectators in the Roman Empire. The word gladiator itself comes from the Latin word gladius, which is a type of sword.
1597
1. Cornelis Schut, Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver (d. 1655) births
  1. Cornelis Schut
    
    Cornelis Schut was a Flemish painter, draughtsman, engraver and tapestry designer who specialized in religious and mythological scenes. Presumed to have trained under Rubens, he treated Counter-Reformation subjects in a High-Baroque style. After a stay in Italy, he worked mainly in Antwerp where he was one of the leading history painters in the first half of the 17th century.
1588
1. Ole Worm, Danish physician and historian (d. 1654) births
  1. Ole Worm
    
    Ole Worm, who often went by the Latinized form of his name Olaus Wormius, was a Danish physician, natural historian and antiquary. He was a professor at the University of Copenhagen where he taught Greek, Latin, physics and medicine.
1573
1. Takeda Shingen, Japanese daimyō (b. 1521) deaths
  1. Takeda Shingen
    
    Takeda Shingen , of Kai Province, was a pre-eminent daimyō in feudal Japan. Known as the "Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful daimyō with exceptional military prestige in the late stage of the Sengoku period. Shingen was a warlord of great skill and military leadership.
1453
1. Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran, Scottish princess (d. 1488) births
  1. Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran
    
    Mary Stewart, Countess of Arran was the eldest daughter of King James II of Scotland and Mary of Guelders. King James III of Scotland was her eldest brother. She married twice: firstly, to Thomas Boyd, 1st Earl of Arran; secondly, to James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton. It was through her children by her second husband that the Hamilton earls of Arran and the Stewart earls of Lennox derived their claim to the Kingdom of Scotland.
1312
1. Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1263) deaths
  1. Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine
    
    Theobald II was the Duke of Lorraine from 1303 until his death in 1312. He was the son and successor of Frederick III and Margaret, daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre.
1285
1. Robert de Ros, 1st Baron de Ros deaths
  1. Robert de Ros (died 1285)
    
    Sir Robert de Ros was an English nobleman.
1254
1. Marie of Brabant, Queen of France (d. 1321) births
  1. Marie of Brabant, Queen of France
    
    Marie of Brabant was Queen of France from 1274 until 1285 as the second wife of King Philip III. Born in Leuven, Brabant, she was a daughter of Henry III, Duke of Brabant, and Adelaide of Burgundy.
1221
1. Alexander Nevsky, Russian prince and saint (d. 1263) births
  1. Alexander Nevsky
    
    Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky served as Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–52) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252–63) during some of the most difficult times in Kievan Rus' history.
1179
1. Theobald III, Count of Champagne (d. 1201) births
  1. Theobald III, Count of Champagne
    
    Theobald III was Count of Champagne from 1197 to his death. He was designated heir by his older brother Henry II when the latter went to the Holy Land on the Third Crusade, and succeeded him upon his death. He cooperated closely with his uncle and suzerain King Philip II of France. He died young, and was succeeded by a posthumous son, Theobald IV, while his widow, Blanche of Navarre, ruled as regent.
1176
1. Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1119) deaths
  1. Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine
    
    Matthias I was the duke of Lorraine from 1138 to his death as the eldest son and successor of Simon I and Adelaide. Like his forefathers going back to Theodoric II and even to Adalbert, he was a stern supporter of the king of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor. He married Bertha, daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Swabia, and therefore niece of the Hohenstaufen king Conrad III and sister of Frederick Barbarossa, future emperor.
1112
1. Ulric II, Margrave of Carniola deaths
  1. Ulric II, Margrave of Carniola
    
    Ulric II was the Margrave of Istria from 1098 until circa 1107 and Carniola from 1098 until his death. He was the second son of Ulric I and Sophia, a daughter of Bela I of Hungary. He was thus of royal blood.
1024
1. Hugh of Cluny, French abbot and saint (d. 1109) births
  1. Hugh of Cluny
    
    Hugh, sometimes called Hugh the Great or Hugh of Semur, was the Abbot of Cluny from 1049 until his death. He was one of the most influential leaders of the monastic orders from the Middle Ages.
189
1. Emperor Ling of Han, Chinese emperor (b. 156) deaths
  1. Emperor Ling of Han
    
    Emperor Ling of Han, personal name Liu Hong, was the 12th and last powerful emperor of the Eastern Han dynasty. Born the son of a lesser marquis who descended directly from Emperor Zhang, Liu Hong was chosen to be emperor in 168 around age 12 after the death of his predecessor, Emperor Huan, who had no son to succeed him. He reigned for about 21 years until his death in 189.

Holidays

Abbotsbury Garland Day (Dorset, England)
1. Abbotsbury Garland Day
  
  Held on 13 May each year, the Abbotsbury Garland Day celebrations have taken place in the Dorset village of Abbotsbury since about the early 19th century. They were first described in the edition of John Hutchins' History of Dorset published in 1867. The custom involves the making of garlands by the children of the village. Originally only the children of local fishermen took part. The garlands were blessed in a church service and some were then rowed out to sea to be tossed into the water. The children would then spend the rest of the day playing on the beach. From around the time of the First World War the custom changed somewhat in that children of non-fishermen started to take part. This was probably due to the decline of the local fishing industry. The village school gave the children a day's holiday and they would set about constructing two garlands, one of wild flowers and the other of garden flowers. These were held aloft on poles and paraded from house to house in the village with the intention of collecting money which the children would keep. Later in the day older children who had been at school in nearby Weymouth would arrive home and make a more elaborate garland which would also be taken around the houses. From after the First World War two garlands would be placed on the local war memorial.
2. Dorset
  
  Dorset is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the unitary authority areas of Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole and Dorset. Covering an area of 2,653 square kilometres (1,024 sq mi), Dorset borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. The county town is Dorchester, in the south. After the reorganisation of local government in 1974, the county border was extended eastward to incorporate the Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch. Around half of the population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation, while the rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.
Christian feast day: Our Lady of Fátima
1. Our Lady of Fátima
  
  Our Lady of Fátima ; formally known as Our Lady of the Holy Rosary of Fátima) is a Catholic title of Mary, mother of Jesus, based on the Marian apparitions reported in 1917 by three shepherd children at the Cova da Iria in Fátima, Portugal. The three children were Lúcia dos Santos and her cousins Francisco and Jacinta Marto. José Alves Correia da Silva, Bishop of Leiria, declared the events worthy of belief on 13 October 1930.
Christian feast day: Gerard of Villamagna
1. Gerard of Villamagna
  
  Gerard of Villamagna - known also as Gerard Mecatti and Gerard of Monza - was an Italian Roman Catholic professed member of the Order of Saint John and the Third Order of Saint Francis. Pope Gregory XVI beatified him on 18 March 1833.
Christian feast day: Glyceria
1. Saint Glyceria
  
  Saint Glyceria was a Roman virgin of the early church.
Christian feast day: John the Silent (Roman Catholic)
1. John the Silent
  
  Saint John the Silent, also known as St John the Hesychast, was a Christian saint known for living alone for seventy-six years. He was given the surname because of his affinity for recollection and silence. St. John's feast day is May 13 in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, and December 3 in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches.
2. Catholic Church
  
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
Christian feast day: Julian of Norwich (Roman Catholic)
1. Julian of Norwich
  
  Julian of Norwich, also known as Juliana of Norwich, Dame Julian or Mother Julian, was an English mystic and anchoress of the Middle Ages. Her writings, now known as Revelations of Divine Love, are the earliest surviving English language works by a woman, although it is possible that some anonymous works may have had female authors. They are also the only surviving English language works by an anchoress.
2. Catholic Church
  
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
Christian feast day: Frances Perkins (Episcopal Church (USA))
1. Frances Perkins
  
  Frances Perkins was an American workers-rights advocate who served as the 4th United States secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945, the longest serving in that position. A member of the Democratic Party, Perkins was the first woman ever to serve in a presidential cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her longtime friend, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped make labor issues important in the emerging New Deal coalition. She was one of two Roosevelt cabinet members to remain in office for his entire presidency.
2. Episcopal Church (United States)
  
  The Episcopal Church, based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere, is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church is Michael Bruce Curry, the first African-American bishop to serve in that position.
Christian feast day: Servatius
1. Servatius of Tongeren
  
  Saint Servatius was bishop of Tongeren —Latin: Atuatuca Tungrorum, the capital of the Tungri—. Servatius is patron saint of the city of Maastricht and the towns of Schijndel and Grimbergen. He is one of the Ice Saints. His feast day is May 13.
Christian feast day: May 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
1. May 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  
  May 12 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 14
Rotuma Day (Rotuma)
1. Rotuma Day
  
  Rotuma Day is an annual celebration on the island of Rotuma, a Fijian dependency. It falls on May 13, the anniversary of the island's cession to the United Kingdom in 1881.
2. Rotuma
  
  Rotuma is a Fijian dependency, consisting of Rotuma Island and nearby islets. The island group is home to a large and unique Polynesian indigenous ethnic group which constitutes a recognisable minority within the population of Fiji, known as "Rotumans". Its population at the 2017 census was 1,594, although many more Rotumans live on mainland Fijian islands, totaling 10,000.

Important events in history on May 13 th

Events

Soma mine disaster

Turkey

Kermit Gosnell

Pennsylvania

Manslaughter

Cadereyta Jiménez massacre

Mexican Federal Highway 40

2011 Charsadda bombing

Charsadda District, Pakistan

Indian Mujahideen

Jaipur bombings

Jaipur

Rajasthan

2006 São Paulo violence outbreak

Ministry of Internal Affairs (Uzbekistan)

State Security Service (Uzbekistan)

Andijan massacre

Andijan

Andijan massacre

Uzbekistan

Enschede

Enschede fireworks disaster

May 1998 riots of Indonesia

Jakarta

Indonesia

Chinese Indonesians

Pokhran-II

Thunderstorm

Tornado

Bangladesh

Alison Hargreaves

Mount Everest

Sherpa people

Alison Hargreaves

Mount Everest

Li Hongzhi

Falun Gong

Changchun

Li Hongzhi

Falun Gong

Changchun

Dinamo–Red Star riot

Stadion Maksimir

Zagreb

Croatia

GNK Dinamo Zagreb

Delije

Red Star Belgrade

1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre

Tiananmen Square

Black theology

Move

Philadelphia Police Department

1985 MOVE bombing

Philadelphia

Mehmet Ali Ağca

Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II

Pope John Paul II

St. Peter's Square

Agostino Gemelli University Policlinic

Surgery

Fujita scale

1980 Kalamazoo tornado

Kalamazoo County, Michigan

Jimmy Carter

Disaster area

The Troubles

Ulster loyalism

Battle at Springmartin

British Army

Provisional Irish Republican Army

Ulster Volunteer Force

Sennichi Department Store Building fire

Osaka

The Troubles

Belfast

Battle at Springmartin

Provisional Irish Republican Army

Important events in history
on May 13 ^th