Important events in history
on January 21 ^st

Events

2018
1. Rocket Lab's Electron becomes the first rocket to reach orbit using an electric pump-fed engine and deploys three CubeSats.
  1. Rocket Lab
    
    Rocket Lab is a public American aerospace manufacturer and launch service provider, with a New Zealand subsidiary. The company operates lightweight Electron orbital rockets, which provide dedicated launches for small satellites. Rocket Lab also plans to build a larger Neutron rocket as early as 2024. Electron rockets have launched 26 times from either Rocket Lab's Launch Complex 1 in New Zealand or the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport in the United States. Two attempts have been made at recovery of the Electron booster. As of 2022, Rocket Lab is developing the bigger Neutron reusable unibody rocket; Photon satellite buses; and Rutherford, Curie, HyperCurie, and Archimedes rocket engines.
  2. Rocket Lab Electron
    
    Electron is a two-stage, partially recoverable orbital launch vehicle developed by Rocket Lab, an American aerospace company with a wholly owned New Zealand subsidiary. Electron was developed to service the commercial small satellite launch market. Its Rutherford engines are the first electric-pump-fed engine to power an orbital-class rocket. Electron is often flown with a kickstage or Rocket Lab's Photon spacecraft. Although the rocket was designed to be expendable, Rocket Lab has recovered the first stage twice and is working towards the capability of reusing the booster. The Flight 26 (F26) booster has featured the first helicopter catch recovery attempt.
  3. CubeSat
    
    A CubeSat is a class of miniaturized satellite based around a form factor consisting of 10 cm (3.9 in) cubes. CubeSats have a mass of no more than 2 kg (4.4 lb) per unit, and often use commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components for their electronics and structure. CubeSats are put into orbit by deployers on the International Space Station, or launched as secondary payloads on a launch vehicle. As of August 2021, more than 1,600 CubeSats have been launched.
2017
1. An estimated five million people participated in the worldwide Women's March, to advocate for legislation and policies on human rights and other issues.
  1. 2017 Women's March
    
    The Women's March was a worldwide protest on January 21, 2017, the day after the inauguration of Donald Trump as US president. It was prompted by Trump's policy positions and rhetoric, which protesters called misogynistic or otherwise threatening to the rights of women. It was the largest single-day protest in U.S. history. The goal of the annual marches is to advocate legislation and policies regarding human rights and other issues, including women's rights, immigration reform, healthcare reform, disability justice, reproductive rights, the environment, LGBTQ rights, racial equality, freedom of religion, workers' rights and tolerance. According to organizers, the goal was to "send a bold message to our new administration on their first day in office, and to the world that women's rights are human rights".
  2. Human rights
    
    Human rights are moral principles or norms for certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected in municipal and international law. They are commonly understood as inalienable, fundamental rights "to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being" and which are "inherent in all human beings", regardless of their age, ethnic origin, location, language, religion, ethnicity, or any other status. They are applicable everywhere and at every time in the sense of being universal, and they are egalitarian in the sense of being the same for everyone. They are regarded as requiring empathy and the rule of law and imposing an obligation on persons to respect the human rights of others, and it is generally considered that they should not be taken away except as a result of due process based on specific circumstances.
2. Over 400 cities across America and 160+ countries worldwide participate in a large-scale women's march, on Donald Trump's first full day as President of the United States.
  1. 2017 Women's March
    
    The Women's March was a worldwide protest on January 21, 2017, the day after the inauguration of Donald Trump as US president. It was prompted by Trump's policy positions and rhetoric, which protesters called misogynistic or otherwise threatening to the rights of women. It was the largest single-day protest in U.S. history. The goal of the annual marches is to advocate legislation and policies regarding human rights and other issues, including women's rights, immigration reform, healthcare reform, disability justice, reproductive rights, the environment, LGBTQ rights, racial equality, freedom of religion, workers' rights and tolerance. According to organizers, the goal was to "send a bold message to our new administration on their first day in office, and to the world that women's rights are human rights".
  2. Donald Trump
    
    Donald John Trump is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.
  3. President of the United States
    
    The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces.
2014
1. Rojava conflict: The Jazira Canton declares its autonomy from the Syrian Arab Republic.
  1. Rojava conflict
    
    The Rojava conflict, also known as the Rojava Revolution, is a political upheaval and military conflict taking place in northern Syria, known among Kurds as Western Kurdistan or Rojava.
  2. Jazira Region
    
    The Jazira Region, formerly Jazira Canton,, is the largest of the three original regions of the de facto Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES). As part of the ongoing Rojava conflict, its democratic autonomy was officially declared on 21 January 2014. The region is in the Al-Hasakah Governorate of Syria.
  3. Syria
    
    Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a Western Asian country located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It is a unitary republic that consists of 14 governorates (subdivisions), and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. Cyprus lies to the west across the Mediterranean Sea. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including the majority Syrian Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Armenians, Circassians, Albanians, and Greeks. Religious groups include Muslims, Christians, Alawites, Druze, and Yazidis. The capital and largest city of Syria is Damascus. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Muslims are the largest religious group.
2011
1. Demonstrations in Tirana against alleged corruption in the Albanian government led to the killings of three protesters by the Republican Guard.
  1. 2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations
    
    The 2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations were a series of anti-government protests in cities around Albania following 18 months of political conflict over alleged electoral fraud by the opposition. A video surfaced which portrayed the deputy prime minister arranging a corrupt deal with the minister of economy. The public outcry over the video resulted in the resignation of the deputy prime minister. A demonstration was called by parliamentary opposition parties, which include the Socialist Party and the Unity for Human Rights Party. These were called on 21 January in order to protest the alleged corruption of the Albanian government as well as widespread unemployment and poverty in the country.
  2. Tirana
    
    Tirana is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. Due to its location at the Plain of Tirana and the close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, the city is particularly influenced by a Mediterranean seasonal climate. It is among the wettest and sunniest cities in Europe, with 2,544 hours of sun per year.
  3. Republican Guard (Albania)
    
    The Republican Guard is a militarized government agency of Albania mandated by law to protect high-ranking state officials, including the President of Albania, as well as certain national properties, high-ranking foreign visitors and diplomatic offices. It is mostly subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, except that the unit responsible for the president's security being under the authority of the president.
2. Anti-government demonstrations take place in Tirana, Albania. Four people lose their lives from gunshots, allegedly fired from armed police protecting the Prime Minister's office.
  1. 2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations
    
    The 2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations were a series of anti-government protests in cities around Albania following 18 months of political conflict over alleged electoral fraud by the opposition. A video surfaced which portrayed the deputy prime minister arranging a corrupt deal with the minister of economy. The public outcry over the video resulted in the resignation of the deputy prime minister. A demonstration was called by parliamentary opposition parties, which include the Socialist Party and the Unity for Human Rights Party. These were called on 21 January in order to protest the alleged corruption of the Albanian government as well as widespread unemployment and poverty in the country.
  2. Tirana
    
    Tirana is the capital and largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. Due to its location at the Plain of Tirana and the close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, the city is particularly influenced by a Mediterranean seasonal climate. It is among the wettest and sunniest cities in Europe, with 2,544 hours of sun per year.
  3. Albania
    
    Albania, officially the Republic of Albania, is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. Tirana is its capital and largest city, followed by Durrës, Vlorë, and Shkodër.
2009
1. Israel withdraws from the Gaza Strip, officially ending a three-week war it had with Hamas. However, intermittent fire by both sides continues in the weeks to follow.
  1. Gaza Strip
    
    The Gaza Strip, or simply Gaza, is a Palestinian exclave on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. The smaller of the two Palestinian territories, it borders Egypt on the southwest for 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) and Israel on the east and north along a 51 km (32 mi) border. Together, the Gaza Strip and the West Bank make up the State of Palestine, while being under Israeli military occupation since 1967.
  2. Gaza War (2008–2009)
    
    The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead, also known in the Muslim world as the Gaza Massacre, and referred to as the Battle of al-Furqan by Hamas, was a three-week armed conflict between Gaza Strip Palestinian paramilitary groups and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 with a unilateral ceasefire. The conflict resulted in between 1,166 and 1,417 Palestinian and 13 Israeli deaths.
2005
1. In Belmopan, Belize, the unrest over the government's new taxes erupts into riots.
  1. Belmopan
    
    Belmopan is the capital city of Belize. Its population in 2010 was 16,451. In addition to being the smallest capital city in the continental Americas by population, Belmopan is the third-largest settlement in Belize, behind Belize City and San Ignacio. Founded as a planned community in 1970, Belmopan is one of the newest national capital cities in the world. Since 2000, Belmopan has been one of two settlements in Belize to hold official city status, along with Belize City.
  2. Belize
    
    Belize is a Caribbean country on the northeastern coast of Central America. It is bordered by Mexico to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Guatemala to the west and south. It has an area of 22,970 square kilometres (8,867 sq mi) and a population of 397,621 (2020). Its mainland is about 290 km (180 mi) long and 110 km (68 mi) wide. It is the least populated and least densely populated country in Central America. Its population growth rate of 1.87% per year is the second-highest in the region and one of the highest in the Western Hemisphere. Its capital is Belmopan, and its largest city is the namesake city of Belize City. Belize is often thought of as a Caribbean country in Central America because it has a history similar to that of English-speaking Caribbean nations. Indeed, Belize’s institutions and official language reflect its history as a British colony.
  3. 2005 Belize unrest
    
    The 2005 protests in Belize are two separate but related incidents of civil unrest in the Central American nation, occurring in January and April.
2004
1. NASA's MER-A (the Mars Rover Spirit) ceases communication with mission control. The problem lies in the management of its flash memory and is fixed remotely from Earth on February 6.
  1. NASA
    
    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
  2. Spirit (rover)
    
    Spirit, also known as MER-A or MER-2, is a Mars robotic rover, active from 2004 to 2010. Spirit was operational on Mars for 2208 sols or 3.3 Martian years. It was one of two rovers of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Spirit landed successfully within the impact crater Gusev on Mars at 04:35 Ground UTC on January 4, 2004, three weeks before its twin, Opportunity (MER-B), which landed on the other side of the planet. Its name was chosen through a NASA-sponsored student essay competition. The rover got stuck in a "sand trap" in late 2009 at an angle that hampered recharging of its batteries; its last communication with Earth was on March 22, 2010.
  3. Flash memory
    
    Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for the NOR and NAND logic gates. Both use the same cell design, consisting of floating gate MOSFETs. They differ at the circuit level depending on whether the state of the bit line or word lines is pulled high or low: in NAND flash, the relationship between the bit line and the word lines resembles a NAND gate; in NOR flash, it resembles a NOR gate.
2003
1. A 7.6 magnitude earthquake strikes the Mexican state of Colima, killing 29 and leaving approximately 10,000 people homeless.
  1. 2003 Colima earthquake
    
    The 2003 Colima earthquake occurred on 21 January with a moment magnitude of 7.6 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). The epicenter was located on the Pacific coast in the Mexican state of Colima. The earthquake was felt as far away as Mexico City and in southern parts of the United States.
  2. Colima
    
    Colima, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Colima, is one of the 31 states that make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It shares its name with its capital and main city, Colima.
2000
1. Ecuador: After the Ecuadorian Congress is seized by indigenous organizations, Col. Lucio Gutiérrez, Carlos Solorzano and Antonio Vargas depose President Jamil Mahuad. Gutierrez is later replaced by Gen. Carlos Mendoza, who resigns and allows Vice-President Gustavo Noboa to succeed Mahuad.
  1. Ecuador
    
    Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's capital and largest city is Quito.
  2. Lucio Gutiérrez
    
    Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa served as 43rd President of Ecuador from 15 January 2003 to 20 April 2005.
  3. Jamil Mahuad
    
    Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt is an Ecuadorian lawyer, academic and former politician. He was the 41st president of Ecuador from 10 August 1998, to 21 January 2000.
  4. Gustavo Noboa
    
    Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as the 42nd president of Ecuador from 22 January 2000 to 15 January 2003. Previously he served as the vice president during Jamil Mahuad's government from 1998 until 2000. From 1983 until 1984, he also was the Governor of the province of Guayas.
1999
1. War on Drugs: In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard intercepts a ship with over 4,300 kilograms (9,500 lb) of cocaine on board.
  1. War on drugs
    
    The war on drugs is a global campaign, led by the United States federal government, of drug prohibition, military aid, and military intervention, with the aim of reducing the illegal drug trade in the United States. The initiative includes a set of drug policies that are intended to discourage the production, distribution, and consumption of psychoactive drugs that the participating governments and the United Nations have made illegal. The term was popularized by the media shortly after a press conference given on June 18, 1971, by President Richard Nixon—the day after publication of a special message from President Nixon to the Congress on Drug Abuse Prevention and Control—during which he declared drug abuse "public enemy number one". That message to the Congress included text about devoting more federal resources to the "prevention of new addicts, and the rehabilitation of those who are addicted" but that part did not receive the same public attention as the term "war on drugs". Two years prior to this, Nixon had formally declared a "war on drugs" that would be directed toward eradication, interdiction, and incarceration. In 2015, the Drug Policy Alliance, which advocates for an end to the War on Drugs, estimated that the United States spends $51 billion annually on these initiatives, and in 2021, after 50 years of the drug war, others have estimated that the US has spent a cumulative $1 trillion on it.
  2. United States Coast Guard
    
    The United States Coast Guard (USCG) is the maritime security, search and rescue, and law enforcement service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the country's eight uniformed services. The service is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the United States military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission with jurisdiction in both domestic and international waters and a federal regulatory agency mission as part of its duties. It is the largest and most powerful coast guard in the world, rivaling the capabilities and size of most navies.
  3. Cocaine
    
    Cocaine is a stimulant drug obtained from the leaves of two Coca species native to South America, Erythroxylum coca and Erythroxylum novogranatense. After extraction from coca leaves and further processing into cocaine hydrochloride, the drug may be snorted, heated until sublimated and then inhaled, or dissolved and injected into a vein. Cocaine stimulates the reward pathway in the brain. Mental effects may include an intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, loss of contact with reality, or agitation. Physical effects may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and dilated pupils. High doses can result in high blood pressure or high body temperature. Effects begin within seconds to minutes of use and last between five and ninety minutes. As cocaine also has numbing and blood vessel constriction properties, it is occasionally used during surgery on the throat or inside of the nose to control pain, bleeding, and vocal cord spasm.
1997
1. The U.S. House of Representatives voted 395–28 to reprimand Newt Gingrich for ethics violations, making him the first Speaker of the House to be so disciplined.
  1. United States House of Representatives
    
    The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
  2. Newt Gingrich
    
    Newton Leroy Gingrich is an American politician and author who served as the 50th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, he was the U.S. representative for Georgia's 6th congressional district serving north Atlanta and nearby areas from 1979 until his resignation in 1999. In 2012, Gingrich unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination for president of the United States.
  3. Professional ethics
    
    Professional ethics encompass the personal and corporate standards of behavior expected of professionals.
  4. Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
    
    The speaker of the United States House of Representatives, commonly known as the speaker of the House, is the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives. The office was established in 1789 by Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution. The speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House and is simultaneously its presiding officer, de facto leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head. Speakers also perform various other administrative and procedural functions. Given these several roles and responsibilities, the speaker usually does not personally preside over debates. That duty is instead delegated to members of the House from the majority party. Nor does the speaker regularly participate in floor debates.
2. The U.S. House of Representatives votes 395–28 to reprimand Newt Gingrich for ethics violations, making him the first Speaker of the House to be so disciplined.
  1. United States House of Representatives
    
    The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
  2. Newt Gingrich
    
    Newton Leroy Gingrich is an American politician and author who served as the 50th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. A member of the Republican Party, he was the U.S. representative for Georgia's 6th congressional district serving north Atlanta and nearby areas from 1979 until his resignation in 1999. In 2012, Gingrich unsuccessfully ran for the Republican nomination for president of the United States.
1985
1. Galaxy Airlines Flight 203 crashes near Reno–Tahoe International Airport in Reno, Nevada, killing 70 people.
  1. Galaxy Airlines Flight 203
    
    Galaxy Airlines Flight 203 was a Lockheed L-188 Electra 4-engine turboprop, registration N5532, operating as a non-scheduled charter flight from Reno, Nevada to Minneapolis, Minnesota, which crashed on January 21, 1985, shortly after takeoff. All but one of the 71 on board died.
  2. Reno–Tahoe International Airport
    
    Reno–Tahoe International Airport is a public and military airport three miles (4.8 km) southeast of downtown Reno, in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. It is the state's second busiest commercial airport after Harry Reid International Airport in Las Vegas. The Nevada Air National Guard has the 152nd Airlift Wing southwest of the airport's main terminal. The airport is named after both the City of Reno, Nevada and Lake Tahoe. The airspace of Reno-Tahoe Airport is controlled by the Northern California TRACON and Oakland Air Route Traffic Control Center.
  3. Reno, Nevada
    
    Reno is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border, about 22 miles (35 km) north from Lake Tahoe, known as "The Biggest Little City in the World". Known for its casino and tourism industry, Reno is the county seat and largest city of Washoe County and sits in the High Eastern Sierra foothills, in the Truckee River valley, on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada. The Reno metro area occupies a valley colloquially known as the Truckee Meadows which because of large-scale investments from Greater Seattle and San Francisco Bay Area companies such as Amazon, Tesla, Panasonic, Microsoft, Apple, and Google has become a new major technology center in the United States.
1981
1. The DeLorean Motor Company completed the first production car of the DMC DeLorean.
  1. DeLorean Motor Company
    
    The DeLorean Motor Company (DMC) was an American automobile manufacturer formed by automobile industry executive John DeLorean in 1975. It is remembered for the one model it produced—the stainless steel DeLorean sports car featuring gull-wing doors—and for its brief and turbulent history, ending in receivership and bankruptcy in 1982. In October 1982, John DeLorean was videotaped in a sting operation agreeing to bankroll drug trafficking, but was acquitted in the subsequent trial on the basis of entrapment.
  2. DMC DeLorean
    
    The DMC DeLorean is a rear-engine two-passenger sports car manufactured and marketed by John DeLorean's DeLorean Motor Company (DMC) for the American market from 1981 until 1983—ultimately the only car brought to market by the fledgling company. The DeLorean is sometimes referred to by its internal DMC pre-production designation, DMC-12. However, the DMC-12 name was never used in sales or marketing materials for the production model.
2. Production of the iconic DeLorean sports car begins in Dunmurry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
  1. DMC DeLorean
    
    The DMC DeLorean is a rear-engine two-passenger sports car manufactured and marketed by John DeLorean's DeLorean Motor Company (DMC) for the American market from 1981 until 1983—ultimately the only car brought to market by the fledgling company. The DeLorean is sometimes referred to by its internal DMC pre-production designation, DMC-12. However, the DMC-12 name was never used in sales or marketing materials for the production model.
  2. Dunmurry
    
    Dunmurry is an urban townland in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Dunmurry is in the Collin electoral ward for the local government district of Belfast City Council.
  3. Northern Ireland
    
    Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2021, its population was 1,903,100, making up about 27% of Ireland's population and about 3% of the UK's population. The Northern Ireland Assembly, established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the UK Government. Northern Ireland cooperates with the Republic of Ireland in several areas.
  4. United Kingdom
    
    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people.
1980
1. Iran Air Flight 291 crashes in the Alborz Mountains while on approach to Mehrabad International Airport in Tehran, Iran, killing 128 people.
  1. Iran Air Flight 291
    
    Iran Air Flight 291 was a flight from Mashad Airport to Tehran-Mehrabad Airport that crashed on 21 January 1980 during its approach to Tehran-Mehrabad runway 29 in foggy and snowy weather conditions, killing all 128 people on board. At the time, Iran Air Flight 291 was the deadliest aircraft disaster in Iranian history.
  2. Alborz
    
    The Alborz range, also spelled as Alburz, Elburz or Elborz, is a mountain range in northern Iran that stretches from the border of Azerbaijan along the western and entire southern coast of the Caspian Sea and finally runs northeast and merges into the smaller Aladagh Mountains and borders in the northeast on the parallel mountain ridge Kopet Dag in the northern parts of Khorasan. All these mountains are part of the much larger Alpide belt. This mountain range is divided into the Western, Central, and Eastern Alborz Mountains. The Western Alborz Range runs south-southeastward almost along the western coast of the Caspian Sea. The Central Alborz runs from west to east along the entire southern coast of the Caspian Sea, while the Eastern Alborz Range runs in a northeasterly direction, toward the northern parts of the Khorasan region, southeast of the Caspian Sea. Mount Damavand, the highest mountain in Iran measuring 5,610.0 m, is located in the Central Alborz Mountains.
  3. Mehrabad International Airport
    
    Mehrabad International Airport, is an international airport serving Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Prior to the construction of the larger Imam Khomeini International Airport in 2007, Mehrabad was Tehran's primary airport in both international and domestic traffic, but now serves only domestic flights. Despite this, in 2016 Mehrabad Airport was the busiest airport in Iran in terms of passengers, handling 16,678,351 passengers in total. The airport is also used by the Government of Iran and is one of the bases of the Iranian Air Force.
  4. Tehran
    
    Tehran is the largest city in Tehran Province and the capital of Iran. With a population of around 9 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East, after Cairo. It is ranked 24th in the world by metropolitan area population.
  5. Iran
    
    Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. It covers an area of 1.64 million square kilometres, making it the 17th-largest country. Iran has a population of 86 million, making it the 17th-most populous country in the world, and the second-largest in the Middle East. Its largest cities, in descending order, are the capital Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz.
1976
1. The Concorde supersonic transports began scheduled commercial flights to London, Paris, Bahrain, and Rio de Janeiro.
  1. Concorde
    
    The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde is a Franco-British supersonic airliner jointly developed and manufactured by Sud Aviation and the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC). Studies started in 1954, and France and the UK signed a treaty establishing the development project on 29 November 1962, as the programme cost was estimated at £70 million . Construction of the six prototypes began in February 1965, and the first flight took off from Toulouse on 2 March 1969. The market was predicted for 350 aircraft, and the manufacturers received up to 100 option orders from many major airlines. On 9 October 1975, it received its French Certificate of Airworthiness, and from the UK CAA on 5 December.
  2. Supersonic transport
    
    A supersonic transport (SST) or a supersonic airliner is a civilian supersonic aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound. To date, the only SSTs to see regular service have been Concorde and the Tupolev Tu-144. The last passenger flight of the Tu-144 was in June 1978 and it was last flown in 1999 by NASA. Concorde's last commercial flight was in October 2003, with a November 26, 2003 ferry flight being its last airborne operation. Following the permanent cessation of flying by Concorde, there are no remaining SSTs in commercial service. Several companies have each proposed a supersonic business jet, which may bring supersonic transport back again.
2. Commercial service of Concorde begins with the London-Bahrain and Paris-Rio routes.
  1. Concorde
    
    The Aérospatiale/BAC Concorde is a Franco-British supersonic airliner jointly developed and manufactured by Sud Aviation and the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC). Studies started in 1954, and France and the UK signed a treaty establishing the development project on 29 November 1962, as the programme cost was estimated at £70 million . Construction of the six prototypes began in February 1965, and the first flight took off from Toulouse on 2 March 1969. The market was predicted for 350 aircraft, and the manufacturers received up to 100 option orders from many major airlines. On 9 October 1975, it received its French Certificate of Airworthiness, and from the UK CAA on 5 December.
1972
1. Tripura, formerly part of the independent Twipra Kingdom, became a state of India.
  1. Tripura
    
    Tripura is a state in Northeast India. The third-smallest state in the country, it covers 10,491.69 km2 (4,050.86 sq mi) and is bordered by Bangladesh to the north, south, and west, and the Indian states of Assam and Mizoram to the east. In 2011 the state had 3,671,032 residents, constituting 0.3% of the country's population.
  2. Twipra Kingdom
    
    The Twipra Kingdom was one of the largest historical kingdoms of the Tripuri people in Northeast India.
  3. States and union territories of India
    
    India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, with a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.
1971
1. The current Emley Moor transmitting station, the tallest free-standing structure in the United Kingdom, begins transmitting UHF broadcasts.
  1. Emley Moor transmitting station
    
    The Emley Moor transmitting station is a telecommunications and broadcasting facility on Emley Moor, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the village centre of Emley, in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England.
  2. Ultra high frequency
    
    Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the decimetre band as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter. Radio waves with frequencies above the UHF band fall into the super-high frequency (SHF) or microwave frequency range. Lower frequency signals fall into the VHF or lower bands. UHF radio waves propagate mainly by line of sight; they are blocked by hills and large buildings although the transmission through building walls is strong enough for indoor reception. They are used for television broadcasting, cell phones, satellite communication including GPS, personal radio services including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, walkie-talkies, cordless phones, satellite phones, and numerous other applications.
1968
1. Cold War: A B-52 bomber carrying four nuclear weapons crashed onto sea ice near Thule Air Base, Greenland, causing localized radioactive contamination.
  1. Cold War
    
    The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. Historians do not fully agree on its starting and ending points, but the period is generally considered to span from the announcement of the Truman Doctrine on 12 March 1947 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991. The term cold war is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race.
  2. Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
    
    The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades. It has been operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) since the 1950s. The bomber is capable of carrying up to 70,000 pounds (32,000 kg) of weapons, and has a typical combat range of around 8,800 miles (14,080 km) without aerial refueling.
  3. 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash
    
    On 21 January 1968, an aircraft accident, sometimes known as the Thule affair or Thule accident, involving a United States Air Force (USAF) B-52 bomber occurred near Thule Air Base in the Danish territory of Greenland. The aircraft was carrying four B28FI thermonuclear bombs on a Cold War "Chrome Dome" alert mission over Baffin Bay when a cabin fire forced the crew to abandon the aircraft before they could carry out an emergency landing at Thule Air Base. Six crew members ejected safely, but one who did not have an ejection seat was killed while trying to bail out. The bomber crashed onto sea ice in North Star Bay, Greenland, causing the conventional explosives aboard to detonate and the nuclear payload to rupture and disperse, resulting in radioactive contamination of the area.
  4. Sea ice
    
    Sea ice arises as seawater freezes. Because ice is less dense than water, it floats on the ocean's surface. Sea ice covers about 7% of the Earth's surface and about 12% of the world's oceans. Much of the world's sea ice is enclosed within the polar ice packs in the Earth's polar regions: the Arctic ice pack of the Arctic Ocean and the Antarctic ice pack of the Southern Ocean. Polar packs undergo a significant yearly cycling in surface extent, a natural process upon which depends the Arctic ecology, including the ocean's ecosystems. Due to the action of winds, currents and temperature fluctuations, sea ice is very dynamic, leading to a wide variety of ice types and features. Sea ice may be contrasted with icebergs, which are chunks of ice shelves or glaciers that calve into the ocean. Depending on location, sea ice expanses may also incorporate icebergs.
  5. Thule Air Base
    
    Thule Air Base, or Thule Air Base/Pituffik Airport, is the United States Space Force's northernmost base, and the northernmost installation of the U.S. Armed Forces, located 750 mi (1,210 km) north of the Arctic Circle and 947 mi (1,524 km) from the North Pole on the northwest coast of the island of Greenland. Thule's arctic environment includes icebergs in North Star Bay, two islands, a polar ice sheet, and Wolstenholme Fjord – the only place on Earth where four active glaciers join together. The base is home to a substantial portion of the global network of missile warning sensors of Space Delta 4, and space surveillance and space control sensors of Space Delta 2, providing space awareness and advanced missile detection capabilities to North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), the United States Space Force, and joint partners.
  6. Radioactive contamination
    
    Radioactive contamination, also called radiological pollution, is the deposition of, or presence of radioactive substances on surfaces or within solids, liquids, or gases, where their presence is unintended or undesirable.
2. Vietnam War: The Vietnamese People's Army attacked Khe Sanh Combat Base, a U.S. Marines outpost in Quảng Trị Province, South Vietnam, starting the Battle of Khe Sanh.
  1. Vietnam War
    
    The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The north was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist states, while the south was supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies. The war is widely considered to be a Cold War-era proxy war. It lasted almost 20 years, with direct U.S. involvement ending in 1973. The conflict also spilled over into neighboring states, exacerbating the Laotian Civil War and the Cambodian Civil War, which ended with all three countries becoming communist states by 1975.
  2. People's Army of Vietnam
    
    The People's Army of Vietnam, also recognized as the Vietnam People's Army (VPA) or the Vietnamese Army, is the military force of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the armed wing of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam. The PAVN is a part of the Vietnam People's Armed Forces and includes: Ground Force, Navy, Air Force, Border Guard and Coast Guard. However, Vietnam does not have a separate Ground Force or Army branch. All ground troops, army corps, military districts and specialised arms belong to the Ministry of Defence, directly under the command of the Central Military Commission, the Minister of Defence, and the General Staff of the Vietnam People's Army. The military flag of the PAVN is the flag of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, with the words Quyết thắng added in yellow at the top left.
  3. Khe Sanh Combat Base
    
    Khe Sanh Combat Base was a United States Marine Corps outpost south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) used during the Vietnam War.
  4. United States Marine Corps
    
    The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combined arms, implementing its own infantry, artillery, aerial, and special operations forces. The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States.
  5. Quảng Trị province
    
    Quảng Trị is a province in the North Central Coast region of Vietnam, north of the former imperial capital of Huế.
  6. South Vietnam
    
    South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam. It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon, before becoming a republic in 1955. South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975.
  7. Battle of Khe Sanh
    
    The Battle of Khe Sanh was conducted in the Khe Sanh area of northwestern Quảng Trị Province, Republic of Vietnam, during the Vietnam War. The main US forces defending Khe Sanh Combat Base (KSCB) were two regiments of the United States Marine Corps supported by elements from the United States Army and the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as a small number of Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) troops. These were pitted against two to three divisional-size elements of the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN).
3. Vietnam War: Battle of Khe Sanh: One of the most publicized and controversial battles of the war begins.
  1. Vietnam War
    
    The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The north was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist states, while the south was supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies. The war is widely considered to be a Cold War-era proxy war. It lasted almost 20 years, with direct U.S. involvement ending in 1973. The conflict also spilled over into neighboring states, exacerbating the Laotian Civil War and the Cambodian Civil War, which ended with all three countries becoming communist states by 1975.
  2. Battle of Khe Sanh
    
    The Battle of Khe Sanh was conducted in the Khe Sanh area of northwestern Quảng Trị Province, Republic of Vietnam, during the Vietnam War. The main US forces defending Khe Sanh Combat Base (KSCB) were two regiments of the United States Marine Corps supported by elements from the United States Army and the United States Air Force (USAF), as well as a small number of Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) troops. These were pitted against two to three divisional-size elements of the North Vietnamese People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN).
4. A B-52 bomber crashes near Thule Air Base, contaminating the area after its nuclear payload ruptures. One of the four bombs remains unaccounted for after the cleanup operation is complete.
  1. Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
    
    The Boeing B-52 Stratofortress is an American long-range, subsonic, jet-powered strategic bomber. The B-52 was designed and built by Boeing, which has continued to provide support and upgrades. It has been operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) since the 1950s. The bomber is capable of carrying up to 70,000 pounds (32,000 kg) of weapons, and has a typical combat range of around 8,800 miles (14,080 km) without aerial refueling.
  2. 1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash
    
    On 21 January 1968, an aircraft accident, sometimes known as the Thule affair or Thule accident, involving a United States Air Force (USAF) B-52 bomber occurred near Thule Air Base in the Danish territory of Greenland. The aircraft was carrying four B28FI thermonuclear bombs on a Cold War "Chrome Dome" alert mission over Baffin Bay when a cabin fire forced the crew to abandon the aircraft before they could carry out an emergency landing at Thule Air Base. Six crew members ejected safely, but one who did not have an ejection seat was killed while trying to bail out. The bomber crashed onto sea ice in North Star Bay, Greenland, causing the conventional explosives aboard to detonate and the nuclear payload to rupture and disperse, resulting in radioactive contamination of the area.
  3. Thule Air Base
    
    Thule Air Base, or Thule Air Base/Pituffik Airport, is the United States Space Force's northernmost base, and the northernmost installation of the U.S. Armed Forces, located 750 mi (1,210 km) north of the Arctic Circle and 947 mi (1,524 km) from the North Pole on the northwest coast of the island of Greenland. Thule's arctic environment includes icebergs in North Star Bay, two islands, a polar ice sheet, and Wolstenholme Fjord – the only place on Earth where four active glaciers join together. The base is home to a substantial portion of the global network of missile warning sensors of Space Delta 4, and space surveillance and space control sensors of Space Delta 2, providing space awareness and advanced missile detection capabilities to North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), the United States Space Force, and joint partners.
1963
1. The Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad ends operation.
  1. Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad
    
    The Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad, also known as the North Shore Line, was an interurban railroad that operated passenger and freight service over an 88.9-mile (143.1 km) route between the Chicago Loop and downtown Milwaukee, as well as an 8.6-mile (13.8 km) branch line between the villages of Lake Bluff and Mundelein, Illinois. The North Shore Line also provided streetcar, city bus and motor coach services along its interurban route.
1960
1. Little Joe 1B, a Mercury spacecraft, lifts off from Wallops Island, Virginia with Miss Sam, a female rhesus monkey on board.
  1. Little Joe 1B
    
    The Little Joe 1B was a launch escape system test of the Mercury spacecraft, conducted as part of the U.S. Mercury program. The mission also carried a female rhesus monkey named Miss Sam in the Mercury spacecraft. The mission was launched January 21, 1960, from Wallops Island, Virginia. The Little Joe 1B flew to an apogee of 9.3 statute miles (15.0 km) and a range of 11.7 miles (18.9 km) out to sea. Miss Sam survived the 8 minute 35 second flight in good condition. The spacecraft was recovered by a Marine helicopter and returned to Wallops Island within about 45 minutes. Miss Sam was one of many monkeys used in space travel research.
  2. Project Mercury
    
    Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. An early highlight of the Space Race, its goal was to put a man into Earth orbit and return him safely, ideally before the Soviet Union. Taken over from the US Air Force by the newly created civilian space agency NASA, it conducted 20 uncrewed developmental flights, and six successful flights by astronauts. The program, which took its name from Roman mythology, cost $2.38 billion. The astronauts were collectively known as the "Mercury Seven", and each spacecraft was given a name ending with a "7" by its pilot.
  3. Wallops Island
    
    Wallops Island is a six-square-mile (16 km2) island in Accomack County, Virginia, part of the Virginia Barrier Islands that stretch along the eastern seaboard of the United States of America. It is just south of Chincoteague Island, a popular tourist destination.
  4. Virginia
    
    Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most-populous city, and Fairfax County is the most-populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's population in 2020 was over 8.65 million, with 36% of them living in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.
  5. Rhesus macaque
    
    The rhesus macaque, colloquially rhesus monkey, is a species of Old World monkey. There are between six and nine recognised subspecies that are split between two groups, the Chinese-derived and the Indian-derived. Generally brown or grey in colour, it is 47–53 cm (19–21 in) in length with a 20.7–22.9 cm (8.1–9.0 in) tail and weighs 5.3–7.7 kg (12–17 lb). It is native to South, Central, and Southeast Asia and has the widest geographic range of all non-human primates, occupying a great diversity of altitudes and a great variety of habitats, from grasslands to arid and forested areas, but also close to human settlements. Feral colonies are found in the United States, thought to be either released by humans or escapees after hurricanes destroyed zoo and wildlife park facilities.
2. Avianca Flight 671 crashes at Montego Bay, Jamaica airport, killing 37 people.
  1. Avianca Flight 671
    
    Avianca Flight 671, registration HK-177, was a Lockheed Constellation that crashed and burned on landing at Montego Bay, Jamaica, on 21 January 1960. It was and remains the worst accident in Jamaican aviation history.
  2. Montego Bay
    
    Montego Bay is the capital of the parish of St. James in Jamaica. The city is the fourth-largest urban area in the country by population, after Kingston, Spanish Town, and Portmore, all of which form the Greater Kingston Metropolitan Area, home to over half a million people. As a result, Montego Bay is the second-largest anglophone city in the Caribbean, after Kingston.
  3. Jamaica
    
    Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola ; the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands lies some 215 kilometres (134 mi) to the north-west.
3. A coal mine collapses at Holly Country, South Africa, killing 435 miners.
  1. Coalbrook mining disaster
    
    The Coalbrook mining disaster is the worst mining accident in the history of South Africa. The disaster occurred in the Coalbrook coal mine of Clydesdale Colliery on 21 January 1960 at around 19:00 when approximately 900 pillars caved in, almost 180 metres (590 ft) underground. The mine is situated in the Northern Free State, 21 kilometres (13 mi) south west of Vereeniging. About 1,000 miners were in the mine at the time and 437 died after being trapped, while the rest escaped through an incline shaft. The miners were suffocated by methane gas and crushed to death by rockfall.
  2. Holly Country
    
    Holly Country, known as the Coalbrook Mining Village until 1996, is a town in Fezile Dabi District Municipality in the Free State province of South Africa.
1954
1. The first nuclear-powered submarine, the USS Nautilus, is launched in Groton, Connecticut by Mamie Eisenhower, the First Lady of the United States.
  1. Nuclear marine propulsion
    
    Nuclear marine propulsion is propulsion of a ship or submarine with heat provided by a nuclear reactor. The power plant heats water to produce steam for a turbine used to turn the ship's propeller through a gearbox or through an electric generator and motor. Nuclear propulsion is used primarily within naval warships such as nuclear submarines and supercarriers. A small number of experimental civil nuclear ships have been built.
  2. USS Nautilus (SSN-571)
    
    USS Nautilus (SSN-571) was the world's first operational nuclear-powered submarine and the first submarine to complete a submerged transit of the North Pole on 3 August 1958. Her initial commanding officer was Eugene "Dennis" Wilkinson, a widely respected naval officer who set the stage for many of the protocols of today's Nuclear Navy of the US, and who had a storied career during military service and afterwards.
  3. Ceremonial ship launching
    
    Ceremonial ship launching involves the performance of ceremonies associated with the process of transferring a vessel to the water. It is a nautical tradition in many cultures, dating back thousands of years, to accompany the physical process with ceremonies which have been observed as public celebration and a solemn blessing, usually but not always, in association with the launch itself.
  4. Groton, Connecticut
    
    Groton is a town in New London County, Connecticut located on the Thames River. It is the home of General Dynamics Electric Boat, which is the major contractor for submarine work for the United States Navy. The Naval Submarine Base New London is located in Groton, and the pharmaceutical company Pfizer is also a major employer. Avery Point in Groton is home to a regional campus of the University of Connecticut. The population was 38,411 at the 2020 census.
  5. Mamie Eisenhower
    
    Mary Geneva "Mamie" Eisenhower was the first lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961 as the wife of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Born in Boone, Iowa, she was raised in a wealthy household in Colorado. She married Dwight D. Eisenhower, then a lieutenant in the Army, in 1916. She kept house and served as hostess for military officers as they moved between various postings in the United States, Panama, the Philippines, and France. Their relationship was complicated by his regular absences on duty and by the death of their firstborn son at the age of three. She became a prominent figure during World War II as the wife of General Eisenhower.
  6. First Lady of the United States
    
    The first lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the title held by the hostess of the White House, usually the wife of the president of the United States, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never been codified or officially defined, she figures prominently in the political and social life of the United States. Since the early 20th century, the first lady has been assisted by official staff, now known as the Office of the First Lady and headquartered in the East Wing of the White House.
1951
1. The catastrophic eruption of Mount Lamington in Papua New Guinea claims 2,942 lives.
  1. 1951 eruption of Mount Lamington
    
    In early January 1951, a series of minor explosions and earthquakes rocked Mount Lamington, a volcano in Oro Province, Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Prior to the eruption, Mount Lamington was not recognized as a volcano due to the absence of historically-recorded eruptions and dense vegetation cover. From January 15, volcanic activity intensified, and tall eruption plumes were generated. The largest eruption occurred on the morning of January 21 when a thick black plume of ash rose 50,000 feet (15,000 m) into the atmosphere. The eruption collapsed a lava dome and produced a lethal pyroclastic flow that killed 2,942–3,466 people. In the years after the eruption, new lava domes formed and collapsed in succession. Activity persisted until July 1956. The eruption is the deadliest natural disaster in Australian history, as the region was under the rule of the Government of Australia.
1950
1. American lawyer and government official Alger Hiss is convicted of perjury.
  1. Alger Hiss
    
    Alger Hiss was an American government official accused in 1948 of having spied for the Soviet Union in the 1930s. Statutes of limitations had expired for espionage, but he was convicted of perjury in connection with this charge in 1950. Before the trial Hiss was involved in the establishment of the United Nations, both as a U.S. State Department official and as a U.N. official. In later life he worked as a lecturer and author.
  2. Perjury
    
    Perjury is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters material to an official proceeding.
1948
1. The Flag of Quebec is adopted and flown for the first time over the National Assembly of Quebec. The day is marked annually as Québec Flag Day.
  1. Flag of Quebec
    
    The flag of Quebec, called the Fleurdelisé, represents the Canadian province of Quebec. It consists of a white cross on a blue background, with four white fleurs-de-lis.
  2. National Assembly of Quebec
    
    The National Assembly of Quebec is the legislative body of the province of Quebec in Canada. Legislators are called MNAs. The King in Right of Quebec, represented by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec and the National Assembly compose the Legislature of Quebec, which operates in a fashion similar to those of other Westminster-style parliamentary systems. The assembly has 125 members elected first past the post from single-member districts.
1943
1. As part of Operation Animals, British SOE saboteurs destroy the railway bridge over the Asopos River, and guerrillas of the Greek People's Liberation Army ambush and destroy a German convoy at the Battle of Sarantaporos.
  1. Operation Animals
    
    Operation Animals was a World War II mission by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE), in cooperation with the Greek Resistance groups ELAS, Zeus, EDES, PAO and the United States Army Air Force. The operation took place between 21 June and 11 July 1943 and included an organized campaign of sabotage in Greece, to deceive the Axis Powers into believing that Greece was the target of an Allied amphibious landing, instead of Sicily. Despite the mission's success, the Greek civilian population suffered from mass reprisals and British intervention into the internal affairs of the Greek resistance exacerbated the tensions between its various components.
  2. Special Operations Executive
    
    The Special Operations Executive (SOE) was a secret British World War II organisation. It was officially formed on 22 July 1940 under Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton, from the amalgamation of three existing secret organisations. Its purpose was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers, and to aid local resistance movements.
  3. Operation Washing
    
    Operation Washing was the successful destruction of the railway bridge over the Asopos River in Central Greece by four British SOE saboteurs. It took place on 21 June 1943, as part of Operation Animals.
  4. ELAS
    
    The Greek People's Liberation Army (Greek: Ελληνικός Λαϊκός Απελευθερωτικός Στρατός, Ellinikós Laïkós Apeleftherotikós Stratós was the military arm of the left-wing National Liberation Front during the period of the Greek resistance until February 1945, when, following the Dekemvriana clashes and the Varkiza Agreement, it was disarmed and disbanded. ELAS was the largest and most significant of the military organizations of the Greek resistance.
  5. Battle of Sarantaporos (1943)
    
    The Battle of Sarantaporos on 21 June 1943 was a successful ambush by the guerrillas of the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) against a column of the German 117th Jäger Division. The ambush, carried out as part of Operation Animals, was one of the most successful operations against the Germans during the Axis occupation of Greece.
1941
1. Sparked by the murder of a German officer in Bucharest, Romania the day before, members of the Iron Guard engaged in a rebellion and pogrom killing 125 Jews.
  1. Bucharest
    
    Bucharest is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than 60 km (37.3 mi) north of the Danube River and the Bulgarian border.
  2. Romania
    
    Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi), with a population of around 19 million. Romania is the twelfth-largest country in Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, followed by Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați.
  3. Iron Guard
    
    The Iron Guard was a Romanian militant revolutionary fascist movement and political party founded in 1927 by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu as the Legion of the Archangel Michael or the Legionnaire Movement. It was strongly anti-democratic, anti-capitalist, anti-communist, and anti-Semitic. It differed from other European right-wing movements of the period due to its spiritual basis, as the Iron Guard was deeply imbued with Romanian Orthodox Christian mysticism.
  4. Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom
    
    Between 21 and 23 January 1941, a rebellion of the Iron Guard paramilitary organization, whose members were known as Legionnaires, occurred in Bucharest, Romania. As their privileges were being gradually removed by the Conducător Ion Antonescu, the Legionnaires revolted. During the rebellion and subsequent pogrom, the Iron Guard killed 125 Jews, and 30 soldiers died in the confrontation with the rebels. Following this, the Iron Guard movement was banned and 9,000 of its members were imprisoned.
1932
1. Finland and the Soviet Union sign a non-aggression treaty.
  1. Finland
    
    Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland across Estonia to the south. Finland covers an area of 338,455 square kilometres (130,678 sq mi) with a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city, forming a larger metropolitan area with the neighbouring cities of Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Finnish, alongside Swedish, are the official languages. Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.
  2. Soviet Union
    
    The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.
  3. Soviet–Finnish Non-Aggression Pact
    
    The Soviet–Finnish Non-Aggression Pact was a non-aggression treaty signed in 1932 by representatives of Finland and the Soviet Union. The pact was unilaterally renounced by the Soviet Union in 1939 after having committed a deception operation in Mainila in which it shelled its own village and blamed Finland.
1931
1. Sir Isaac Isaacs is sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia.
  1. Isaac Isaacs
    
    Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs was an Australian lawyer, politician, and judge who served as the ninth Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1931 to 1936. He had previously served on the High Court of Australia from 1906 to 1931, including as Chief Justice from 1930.
  2. Governor-General of Australia
    
    The governor-general of Australia is the representative of the monarch, currently King Charles III, in Australia. The governor-general is appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of government ministers. The governor-general has formal presidency over the Federal Executive Council and is commander-in-chief of the Australian Defence Force. The functions of the governor-general include appointing ministers, judges, and ambassadors; giving royal assent to legislation passed by parliament; issuing writs for election; and bestowing Australian honours.
1925
1. Albania declares itself a republic.
  1. Albania
    
    Albania, officially the Republic of Albania, is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. Tirana is its capital and largest city, followed by Durrës, Vlorë, and Shkodër.
1919
1. The First Dáil (members pictured) convened at the Mansion House in Dublin and adopted a declaration of independence calling for the establishment of the Irish Republic.
  1. First Dáil
    
    The First Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 1919 to 1921. It was the first meeting of the unicameral parliament of the revolutionary Irish Republic. In the December 1918 election to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Irish republican party Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in Ireland. In line with their manifesto, its MPs refused to take their seats, and on 21 January 1919 they founded a separate parliament in Dublin called Dáil Éireann. They declared Irish independence, ratifying the Proclamation of the Irish Republic that had been issued in the 1916 Easter Rising, and adopted a provisional constitution.
  2. Mansion House, Dublin
    
    The Mansion House on Dawson Street, Dublin, has been the official residence of the Lord Mayor of Dublin since 1715, and was also the meeting place of the Dáil Éireann from 1919 until 1922.
  3. Irish Declaration of Independence
    
    The Declaration of Independence was a document adopted by Dáil Éireann, the revolutionary parliament of the Irish Republic, at its first meeting in the Mansion House, Dublin, on 21 January 1919. It followed from the Sinn Féin election manifesto of December 1918. Texts of the declaration were adopted in three languages: Irish, English and French.
  4. Irish Republic
    
    The Irish Republic was an unrecognised revolutionary state that declared its independence from the United Kingdom in January 1919. The Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland, but by 1920 its functional control was limited to only 21 of Ireland's 32 counties, and British state forces maintained a presence across much of the north-east, as well as Cork, Dublin and other major towns. The republic was strongest in rural areas, and through its military forces was able to influence the population in urban areas that it did not directly control.
2. A revolutionary Irish parliament is founded and declares the independence of the Irish Republic. One of the first engagements of the Irish War of Independence takes place.
  1. First Dáil
    
    The First Dáil was Dáil Éireann as it convened from 1919 to 1921. It was the first meeting of the unicameral parliament of the revolutionary Irish Republic. In the December 1918 election to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the Irish republican party Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in Ireland. In line with their manifesto, its MPs refused to take their seats, and on 21 January 1919 they founded a separate parliament in Dublin called Dáil Éireann. They declared Irish independence, ratifying the Proclamation of the Irish Republic that had been issued in the 1916 Easter Rising, and adopted a provisional constitution.
  2. Irish Declaration of Independence
    
    The Declaration of Independence was a document adopted by Dáil Éireann, the revolutionary parliament of the Irish Republic, at its first meeting in the Mansion House, Dublin, on 21 January 1919. It followed from the Sinn Féin election manifesto of December 1918. Texts of the declaration were adopted in three languages: Irish, English and French.
  3. Irish Republic
    
    The Irish Republic was an unrecognised revolutionary state that declared its independence from the United Kingdom in January 1919. The Republic claimed jurisdiction over the whole island of Ireland, but by 1920 its functional control was limited to only 21 of Ireland's 32 counties, and British state forces maintained a presence across much of the north-east, as well as Cork, Dublin and other major towns. The republic was strongest in rural areas, and through its military forces was able to influence the population in urban areas that it did not directly control.
  4. Soloheadbeg ambush
    
    The Soloheadbeg ambush took place on 21 January 1919, when members of the Irish Volunteers ambushed Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) officers who were escorting a consignment of gelignite explosives at Soloheadbeg, County Tipperary. Two RIC officers were killed and their weapons and the explosives were seized. The Volunteers acted on their own initiative and had not sought authorisation for their action. As it happened on the same day that the revolutionary Irish parliament first met and declared Ireland's independence, it is often seen as the first engagement of the Irish War of Independence.
  5. Irish War of Independence
    
    The Irish War of Independence or Anglo-Irish War was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army and British forces: the British Army, along with the quasi-military Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) and its paramilitary forces the Auxiliaries and Ulster Special Constabulary (USC). It was part of the Irish revolutionary period.
1915
1. Kiwanis International is founded in Detroit.
  1. Kiwanis
    
    Kiwanis International is an international service club founded in 1915 in Detroit, Michigan. It is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, and is found in more than 80 nations and geographic areas. Since 1987, the organization has also accepted women as members. Membership in Kiwanis and its family of clubs is more than 600,000 members. Each year, Kiwanis clubs raise more than US$100 million and report more than 18.5 million volunteer hours to strengthen communities and serve children.
  2. Detroit
    
    Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 census, making it the 27th-most populous city in the United States. The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area, and the 14th-largest in the United States. Regarded as a major cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music, art, architecture and design, in addition to its historical automotive background. Time named Detroit as one of the fifty World's Greatest Places of 2022 to explore.
1911
1. The first Monte Carlo Rally takes place.
  1. Monte Carlo Rally
    
    The Monte Carlo Rally or Rallye Monte-Carlo is a rallying event organised each year by the Automobile Club de Monaco. The rally now takes place along the French Riviera in Monaco and southeast France. Previously, competitors would set off from various starting points around Europe and 'rally' in Monaco to celebrate the end of a unique event. From its inception in 1911 by Prince Albert I, the rally was intended to demonstrate improvements and innovations to automobiles, and promote Monaco as a tourist resort on the Mediterranean shore.
1908
1. New York City passes the Sullivan Ordinance, making it illegal for women to smoke in public, only to have the measure vetoed by the mayor.
  1. Sullivan Ordinance
    
    The Sullivan Ordinance was a municipal law passed on January 21, 1908, in New York City by the board of aldermen, barring the management of a public place from allowing women to smoke within their venue. The ordinance did not bar women from smoking in general nor did the ordinance bar women from smoking in public, only public places. Right after the ordinance was enacted, on January 22, Katie Mulcahey, the only person cited for breaking this ordinance, was fined $5 for smoking in public and arrested for refusing to pay the fine; however, the ordinance itself did not mention fines nor does it ban women from smoking in public. She was released the next day. The mayor at the time, George B. McClellan Jr., vetoed the ordinance two weeks later.
1893
1. The Tati Concessions Land, formerly part of Matabeleland, is formally annexed to the Bechuanaland Protectorate, now Botswana.
  1. Tati Concessions Land
    
    The Tati Concession was a land and mining concession created in the western borderlands of the Matabele Kingdom. The concession was originally granted by the Matabele King, Lobengula, son of Mzilikazi, to Sir John Swinburne in exchange for gold and arms. It was administered by the territory known as the Bechuanaland Protectorate after 1893, but was formally annexed to it by Proclamation Number 2 of 1911 by the High Commissioner of Bechuanaland. It was locally administered by a Justice of the Peace.
  2. Matabeleland
    
    Matabeleland is a region located in southwestern Zimbabwe that is divided into three provinces: Matabeleland North, Bulawayo, and Matabeleland South. These provinces are in the west and south-west of Zimbabwe, between the Limpopo and Zambezi rivers and are further separated from Midlands by the Shangani River in central Zimbabwe. The region is named after its inhabitants, the Ndebele people who were called "Amatabele"(people with long spears - Mzilikazi 's group of people who were escaping the Mfecani wars). Other ethnic groups who inhabit parts of Matabeleland include the Tonga, Bakalanga, Venda, Nambya, Khoisan, Xhosa, Sotho, Tswana, and Tsonga. The population of Matabeleland is just over 20% of the Zimbabwe's total.
  3. Bechuanaland Protectorate
    
    The Bechuanaland Protectorate was a protectorate established on 31 March 1885, by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in Southern Africa. It became the Republic of Botswana on 30 September 1966.
  4. Botswana
    
    Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. Botswana is topographically flat, with approximately 70 percent of its territory being the Kalahari Desert. It is bordered by South Africa to the south and southeast, Namibia to the west and north, and Zimbabwe to the northeast. It is connected to Zambia across the short Zambezi River border by the Kazungula Bridge.
1861
1. American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.
  1. American Civil War
    
    The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union and the Confederacy, the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction.
  2. Jefferson Davis
    
    Jefferson F. Davis was an American politician who was the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865. He represented Mississippi in the United States Senate and the House of Representatives as a member of the Democratic Party before the American Civil War. He had previously served as the United States Secretary of War from 1853 to 1857 under President Franklin Pierce.
  3. United States Senate
    
    The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
1854
1. The RMS Tayleur sinks off Lambay Island on her maiden voyage from Liverpool to Australia with great loss of life.
  1. RMS Tayleur
    
    RMS Tayleur was a full-rigged iron clipper ship chartered by the White Star Line. She was large, fast and technically advanced. She ran aground off Lambay Island and sank, on her maiden voyage, in 1854. Of more than 650 aboard, only 280 survived. She has been described as "the first Titanic".
  2. Lambay Island
    
    Lambay Island, often simply Lambay, is an island in the Irish Sea off the coast of north County Dublin, Ireland. The largest island off the east coast of Ireland, it is four kilometres (2 mi) offshore from the headland at Portrane, and is the easternmost point of the province of Leinster. Of volcanic origin, it has been inhabited since the prehistoric period and has been the subject of multiple archaeological studies. Lambay has notable populations of seabirds, a range of local fauna, some not found elsewhere in Ireland, and a colony of wallabies, as well as more than 300 plant varieties, and was the subject of major studies of flora and bird, and a major multidisciplinary study of flora and fauna between 1905 and 1907. The island is privately owned by a trust for members of certain branches of the Baring family and managed by the current Baron Revelstoke. It has a very small permanent population and few buildings but hosts some day visitors and short-stay guests, and there is a working farm.
1793
1. After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Louis XVI of France is executed by guillotine.
  1. National Convention
    
    The National Convention was a parliament of the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly. Created after the great insurrection of 10 August 1792, it was the first French government organized as a republic, abandoning the monarchy altogether. The Convention sat as a single-chamber assembly from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795.
  2. Louis XVI
    
    Louis XVI was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months just before he was executed by guillotine. He was the son of Louis, Dauphin of France, son and heir-apparent of King Louis XV, and Maria Josepha of Saxony. When his father died in 1765, he became the new Dauphin. Upon his grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, he became King of France and Navarre, reigning as such until 4 September 1791, when he received the title of King of the French, continuing to reign as such until the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792.
  3. Guillotine
    
    A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading. The device consists of a tall, upright frame with a weighted and angled blade suspended at the top. The condemned person is secured with stocks at the bottom of the frame, positioning the neck directly below the blade. The blade is then released, swiftly and forcefully decapitating the victim with a single, clean pass so that the head falls into a basket or other receptacle below.
1789
1. The Power of Sympathy by William Hill Brown, widely considered to be the first American novel, was published.
  1. The Power of Sympathy
    
    The Power of Sympathy: or, The Triumph of Nature (1789) is an 18th-century American sentimental novel written in epistolary form by William Hill Brown and is widely considered to be the first American novel. The Power of Sympathy was Brown's first novel. The characters' struggles illustrate the dangers of seduction and the pitfalls of giving in to one's passions, while advocating the moral education of women and the use of rational thinking as ways to prevent the consequences of such actions.
  2. William Hill Brown
    
    William Hill Brown was an American novelist, the author of what is usually considered the first American novel, The Power of Sympathy (1789), and "Harriot, or the Domestic Reconciliation", as well as the serial essay "The Reformer", published in Isaiah Thomas' Massachusetts Magazine.
2. The first American novel, The Power of Sympathy or the Triumph of Nature Founded in Truth by William Hill Brown, is printed in Boston.
  1. The Power of Sympathy
    
    The Power of Sympathy: or, The Triumph of Nature (1789) is an 18th-century American sentimental novel written in epistolary form by William Hill Brown and is widely considered to be the first American novel. The Power of Sympathy was Brown's first novel. The characters' struggles illustrate the dangers of seduction and the pitfalls of giving in to one's passions, while advocating the moral education of women and the use of rational thinking as ways to prevent the consequences of such actions.
  2. William Hill Brown
    
    William Hill Brown was an American novelist, the author of what is usually considered the first American novel, The Power of Sympathy (1789), and "Harriot, or the Domestic Reconciliation", as well as the serial essay "The Reformer", published in Isaiah Thomas' Massachusetts Magazine.
  3. Boston
    
    Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the state capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the United States. It is the 24th-most populous city in the country. The city boundaries encompass an area of about 48.4 sq mi (125 km2) and a population of 675,647 as of 2020. It is the seat of Suffolk County. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.8 million people in 2016 and ranking as the tenth-largest MSA in the country. A broader combined statistical area (CSA), generally corresponding to the commuting area and including Providence, Rhode Island, is home to approximately 8.2 million people, making it the sixth most populous in the United States.
1774
1. Abdul Hamid I becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
  1. Abdul Hamid I
    
    Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid I was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning over the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to 1789.
  2. List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
    
    The sultans of the Ottoman Empire, who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty, ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned an area from Hungary in the north to rebel in the south and from Algeria in the west to Iraq in the east. Administered at first from the city of Söğüt since before 1280 and then from the city of Bursa since 1323 or 1324, the empire's capital was moved to Adrianople in 1363 following its conquest by Murad I and then to Constantinople in 1453 following its conquest by Mehmed II.
  3. Caliphate
    
    A caliphate or khilāfah is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph, a person considered a political-religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517. Throughout the history of Islam, a few other Muslim states, almost all hereditary monarchies such as the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) and Ayyubid Caliphate, have claimed to be caliphates.
1749
1. The Teatro Filarmonico in Verona is destroyed by fire, as a result of a torch being left behind in the box of a nobleman after a performance. It is rebuilt in 1754.
  1. Teatro Filarmonico
    
    The Teatro Filarmonico is the main opera theater in Verona, Italy, and is one of the leading opera houses in Europe. The Teatro Filarmonico is property of the Accademia Filarmonica di Verona. Having been built in 1716, and later rebuilt after a fire of January 21, 1749, and again after the allied bombing of February 23, 1945.
1720
1. Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm.
  1. Kingdom of Prussia
    
    The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918. It was the driving force behind the unification of Germany in 1871 and was the leading state of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. Although it took its name from the region called Prussia, it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Its capital was Berlin.
  2. Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)
    
    The Treaties of Stockholm are two treaties signed in 1719 and 1720 that ended the war between Sweden and an alliance of Hanover and Prussia.
1535
1. Following the Affair of the Placards, the French king leads an anti-Protestant procession through Paris.
  1. Affair of the Placards
    
    The Affair of the Placards was an incident in which anti-Catholic posters appeared in public places in Paris and in four major provincial cities, Blois, Rouen, Tours and Orléans, in the night of the 17 to 18 October 1534. One of the posters was posted on the bedchamber door of King Francis I at Amboise, an affront and a breach of security that left him shaken. The Affaire des Placards brought an end to the conciliatory policies of Francis, who had formerly attempted to protect the Protestants from the more extreme measures of the Parlement de Paris, and also of the public entreaties for moderation of Philip Melanchthon.
  2. Francis I of France
    
    Francis I was King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his first cousin once removed and father-in-law Louis XII, who died without a son.
1525
1. The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz's mother in Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union.
  1. Switzerland
    
    Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation;, is a landlocked country located at the confluence of Western, Central and Southern Europe. It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
  2. Anabaptism
    
    Anabaptism is a Protestant Christian movement which traces its origins to the Radical Reformation.
  3. Conrad Grebel
    
    Conrad Grebel, son of a prominent Swiss merchant and councilman, was a co-founder of the Swiss Brethren movement.
  4. Felix Manz
    
    Felix Manz was an Anabaptist, a co-founder of the original Swiss Brethren congregation in Zürich, Switzerland, and the first martyr of the Radical Reformation.
  5. George Blaurock
    
    Jörg vom Haus Jacob, commonly known as George Blaurock, was an Anabaptist leader and evangelist. Along with Conrad Grebel and Felix Manz, he was a co-founder of the Swiss Brethren in Zürich, and thereby one of the founders of Anabaptism.
  6. Zürich
    
    Zürich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. As of January 2020, the municipality has 434,335 inhabitants, the urban area 1.315 million (2009), and the Zürich metropolitan area 1.83 million (2011). Zürich is a hub for railways, roads, and air traffic. Both Zurich Airport and Zürich's main railway station are the largest and busiest in the country.
763
1. The Abbasid Caliphate crushed the Alid revolt when a rebel leader was mortally wounded in battle near Basra in present-day Iraq.
  1. Abbasid Caliphate
    
    The Abbasid Caliphate was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib, from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad became the center of science, culture and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning".
  2. Alid revolt of 762–763
    
    The Alid revolt of 762–763 or Revolt of Muhammad the Pure Soul was an uprising by the Hasanid branch of the Alids against the newly established Abbasid Caliphate. The Hasanids, led by the brothers Muhammad and Ibrahim, rejected the legitimacy of the Abbasid family's claim to power. Reacting to mounting persecution by the Abbasid regime, in 762 they launched a rebellion, with Muhammad rising in revolt at Medina in September and Ibrahim following in Basra in November.
  3. Basra
    
    Basra is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is handled at the port of Umm Qasr.
2. Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa.
  1. Alid revolt of 762–763
    
    The Alid revolt of 762–763 or Revolt of Muhammad the Pure Soul was an uprising by the Hasanid branch of the Alids against the newly established Abbasid Caliphate. The Hasanids, led by the brothers Muhammad and Ibrahim, rejected the legitimacy of the Abbasid family's claim to power. Reacting to mounting persecution by the Abbasid regime, in 762 they launched a rebellion, with Muhammad rising in revolt at Medina in September and Ibrahim following in Basra in November.
  2. Isa ibn Musa
    
    ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-ʿAbbās was a nephew of the first two Abbasid caliphs, as-Saffah and al-Mansur, and for a long time heir-apparent of the Caliphate, until he was superseded by al-Mansur's son al-Mahdi.

Births & Deaths

2022
1. Louie Anderson, American actor and comedian (b. 1953) deaths
  1. Louie Anderson
    
    Louis Perry Anderson was an American stand-up comedian, actor, author and game show host. Anderson created the cartoon series Life with Louie and the television sitcom The Louie Show, and wrote four books, including Hey Mom: Stories for My Mother, But You Can Read Them Too, which was published in 2018. He was the fourth host of the game show Family Feud, from 1999 to 2002, in its third run and second revival.
2. Leonor Oyarzún, Chilean socialite, First Lady of Chile (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Leonor Oyarzún
    
    Leonor Oyarzún Ivanovic was a Chilean family therapist and member of the Christian Democratic Party (PDC). She served as the First Lady of Chile from 1990 until 1994 as the wife of President Patricio Aylwin.
  2. First Lady of Chile
    
    The First Lady of Chile is the title for the wife of the president of Chile, who is traditionally responsible for directing and coordinating activities in the social field of the presidency and also accompany the president in ceremonies or official activities, for example, on state visit. Although not an official title, it is widely used in formal protocol and has been used in some decrees.
2020
1. Terry Jones, Welsh actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1942) deaths
  1. Terry Jones
    
    Terence Graham Parry Jones was a Welsh comedian, director, historian, actor, writer and member of the Monty Python comedy team.
2. Morgan Wootten, American high school basketball coach (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Morgan Wootten
    
    Morgan Bayard Wootten was an American high school basketball coach for 46 seasons at DeMatha Catholic High School in Hyattsville, Maryland. He led the Stags to five national championships and 33 Washington Catholic Athletic Conference (WCAC) titles. In 2000, he was the third high school coach to be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and the first high school only coach to be inducted.
2019
1. Kaye Ballard, American actress (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Kaye Ballard
    
    Kaye Ballard was an American actress, comedian, and singer.
  2. 1925
    
    1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1925th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 925th year of the 2nd millennium, the 25th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1920s decade.
2. Henri, Count of Paris, Head of the House of Orléans (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Henri, Count of Paris (1933–2019)
    
    Henri, Count of Paris, Duke of France, was the Orléanist pretender to the defunct French throne as Henry VII.
  2. 1933
    
    1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1933rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 933rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 33rd year of the 20th century, and the 4th year of the 1930s decade.
3. Emiliano Sala, Argentine footballer (b. 1990) deaths
  1. Emiliano Sala
    
    Emiliano Raúl Sala Taffarel was an Argentine professional footballer who played as a striker.
  2. 1990
    
    1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1990th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 990th year of the 2nd millennium, the 90th year of the 20th century, and the 1st year of the 1990s decade.
4. Harris Wofford, American politician, author and civil rights activist (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Harris Wofford
    
    Harris Llewellyn Wofford Jr. was an American attorney, civil rights activist, and Democratic Party politician who represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1991 to 1995. A noted advocate of national service and volunteering, Wofford was also the fifth president of Bryn Mawr College from 1970 to 1978, served as chairman of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party in 1986 and also as Pennsylvania Secretary of Labor and Industry in the cabinet of Governor Robert P. Casey from 1987 to 1991, and was a surrogate for Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign. He introduced Obama in Philadelphia at the National Constitution Center before Obama's speech on race in America, "A More Perfect Union".
2016
1. Bill Johnson, American skier (b. 1960) deaths
  1. Bill Johnson (skier)
    
    William Dean Johnson was an American World Cup alpine ski racer. By winning the downhill at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, Johnson became the first American male to win an Olympic gold medal in alpine skiing and the first racer not from an Alpine country to win an Olympic downhill race.
2. Mrinalini Sarabhai, a 1992-Padma Bhushan award winner Indian classical dancer, choreographer and instructor. (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Mrinalini Sarabhai
    
    Mrinalini Vikram Sarabhai was an Indian classical dancer, choreographer and instructor. She was the founder and director of the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts, an institute for imparting training in dance, drama, music and puppetry, in the city of Ahmedabad. She received Padma Bhushan in 1992 and Padma Shri in 1965. She also received many other citations in recognition of her contribution to art.
  2. Padma Bhushan
    
    The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order...without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex." The award criteria include "service in any field including service rendered by Government servants" including doctors and scientists, but exclude those working with the public sector undertakings. As of 2020, the award has been bestowed on 1270 individuals, including twenty-four posthumous and ninety-seven non-citizen recipients.
2015
1. Marcus Borg, American scholar, theologian, and author (b. 1942) deaths
  1. Marcus Borg
    
    Marcus Joel Borg was an American New Testament scholar and theologian. He was among the most widely known and influential voices in Liberal Christianity. Borg was a fellow of the Jesus Seminar and a major figure in historical Jesus scholarship. He retired as Hundere Distinguished Professor of Religion and Culture at Oregon State University in 2007. He died eight years later at the age of 72, of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis at his home in Powell Butte, Oregon.
2. Leon Brittan, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Leon Brittan
    
    Leon Brittan, Baron Brittan of Spennithorne, was a British Conservative politician and barrister who served as a European Commissioner from 1989 to 1999. As a member of Parliament from 1974 to 1988, he served several ministerial roles in Margaret Thatcher's government, including Home Secretary from 1983 to 1985.
  2. Secretary of State for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy
    
    The secretary of state for business, energy and industrial strategy, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom, tenth in the ministerial ranking.
3. Johnnie Lewis, Liberian lawyer and politician, 18th Chief Justice of Liberia (b. 1946) deaths
  1. Johnnie Lewis
    
    Johnnie N. Lewis was a Liberian lawyer and politician who served as the 18th Chief Justice of Liberia from 2006 to 2012. Before his appointment to the Supreme Court, he served as a circuit judge in Liberia's judicial system.
  2. Chief Justice of Liberia
    
    The chief justice of Liberia is the head of the judicial branch of the Government of the Republic of Liberia and the chief judge of the Supreme Court of Liberia.
2013
1. Ahmet Mete Işıkara, Turkish geophysicist and academic (b. 1941) deaths
  1. Ahmet Mete Işıkara
    
    Ahmet Mete Işıkara was a Turkish geophysicist and earthquake scientist, well known for his efforts to create public awareness of the need for protection and safety during earthquakes.
2. Chumpol Silpa-archa, Thai academic and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1940) deaths
  1. Chumpol Silpa-archa
    
    Chumpol Silpa-archa was a Thai politician who served in the government of Thailand as Minister of Tourism and Sports from 2008 to 2013; he was also Deputy Prime Minister from 2011 to 2013. Beginning in January 2009, he was the president of the Chartthaipattana Party. He was the younger brother of Prime Minister Banharn Silpa-archa.
  2. Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand
    
    The deputy prime minister of Thailand (รองนายกรัฐมนตรี) is a ministerial position within the government of Thailand. Several deputy prime ministers can be appointed and serve concurrently. Such appointments are usually made by the prime minister of Thailand. This position can be combined with other ministerial portfolios. The position was first created in 1943.
3. Michael Winner, English director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1935) deaths
  1. Michael Winner
    
    Robert Michael Winner was a British filmmaker, writer, and media personality. He is known for directing numerous action, thriller, and black comedy films in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, including several collaborations with actors Oliver Reed and Charles Bronson.
2011
1. Theoni V. Aldredge, Greek-American costume designer (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Theoni V. Aldredge
    
    Theoni V. Aldredge was a Greek-American stage and screen costume designer.
2. Dennis Oppenheim, American sculptor and photographer (b. 1938) deaths
  1. Dennis Oppenheim
    
    Dennis Oppenheim was an American conceptual artist, performance artist, earth artist, sculptor and photographer. Dennis Oppenheim's early artistic practice is an epistemological questioning about the nature of art, the making of art and the definition of art: a meta-art that arose when strategies of the Minimalists were expanded to focus on site and context. As well as an aesthetic agenda, the work progressed from perceptions of the physical properties of the gallery to the social and political context, largely taking the form of permanent public sculpture in the last two decades of a highly prolific career, whose diversity could exasperate his critics.
3. E. V. V. Satyanarayana, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1958) deaths
  1. E. V. V. Satyanarayana
    
    Eedara Veera Venkata Satyanarayana was an Indian film director, screenwriter and producer. He directed a total of 51 films in Telugu and Hindi and introduced many actors to Telugu cinema. He was well known for making comedy and melodrama films. In 2000, he established his own production company called as E. V .V. Cinema. He died in 2011.
2010
1. Paul Quarrington, Canadian author, playwright, guitarist, and composer (b. 1953) deaths
  1. Paul Quarrington
    
    Paul Lewis Quarrington was a Canadian novelist, playwright, screenwriter, filmmaker, musician and educator.
2009
1. Krista Kilvet, Estonian journalist, politician and diplomat (b. 1946) deaths
  1. Krista Kilvet
    
    Krista Kilvet was an Estonian radio journalist, politician and diplomat.
2006
1. Ibrahim Rugova, Kosovo journalist and politician, 1st President of Kosovo (b. 1944) deaths
  1. Ibrahim Rugova
    
    Ibrahim Rugova was a prominent Kosovo Albanian political leader, scholar, and writer, who served as the President of the partially recognised Republic of Kosova, serving from 1992 to 2000 and as President of Kosovo from 2002 until his death in 2006. He oversaw a popular struggle for independence, advocating a peaceful resistance to Yugoslav rule and lobbying for U.S. and European support, especially during the Kosovo War.
  2. President of Kosovo
    
    The president of the Republic of Kosovo, is the head of state and chief representative of the de facto Republic of Kosovo in the country and abroad.
2005
1. Theun de Vries, Dutch author and poet (b. 1907) deaths
  1. Theun de Vries
    
    Theunis Uilke (Theun) de Vries, was a Dutch writer and poet.
2. John L. Hess, American journalist and critic (b. 1917) deaths
  1. John L. Hess
    
    John L. Hess was a prominent American investigative journalist who worked for many years at The New York Times. He left the Times in 1978 and wrote a memoir about his years there, My Times: A Memoir of Dissent.
3. Kaljo Raid, Estonian cellist, composer, and pastor (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Kaljo Raid
    
    Kaljo Raid was an Estonian composer, cellist and pastor.
2004
1. Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway births
  1. Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway
    
    Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway is the eldest child of Crown Prince Haakon and Crown Princess Mette-Marit, and the grandchild of King Harald V. She is second in line of succession to the Norwegian throne after her father. She is expected to become the country's second female monarch, after the 15th-century Queen Margaret.
2. Yordan Radichkov, Bulgarian author and playwright (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Yordan Radichkov
    
    Yordan Radichkov was a Bulgarian writer and playwright.
2003
1. Paul Haines, American-Canadian poet and songwriter (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Paul Haines (poet)
    
    Paul Haines was a poet and jazz lyricist. Born in Vassar, Michigan, Haines eventually settled in Canada after spending time in Europe, Asia, and the United States; he had a long stint as a French teacher at Fenelon Falls Secondary School, in Ontario, Canada. Active in New York City in the 60s, he recorded Albert Ayler's Ghosts. A second recording made by Ayler called "Spiritual Unity" included a printed folio with text by Paul Haines called "You and the Night and Music." Haines, a month later to produce a Michael Snow film called New York Eye and Ear Control.
2. Paul Kuusberg, Estonian journalist and author (b. 1916) deaths
  1. Paul Kuusberg
    
    Paul Kuusberg was an Estonian writer. Novellas by him include “Roostetanud kastekann” (1971) and “Võõras või õige mees” (1978), which won an award in Estonia.
2002
1. Peggy Lee, American singer (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Peggy Lee
    
    Norma Deloris Egstrom, known professionally as Peggy Lee, was an American jazz and popular music singer, songwriter, composer, and actress, over a career spanning seven decades. From her beginning as a vocalist on local radio to singing with Benny Goodman's big band, Lee created a sophisticated persona, writing music for films, acting, and recording conceptual record albums combining poetry and music. Called the "Queen of American pop music," Lee recorded over 1,100 masters and composed over 270 songs.
1999
1. Rubina Ali, Indian actress births
  1. Rubina Ali
    
    Rubina Ali, also known as Rubina Qureshi, is an Indian actress who played the child version of Latika in the Oscar-winning film Slumdog Millionaire (2008), for which she won a Screen Actors Guild Award. Following the film's success, she was cast in the Bollywood film Kal Kisne Dekha (2009).
2. Susan Strasberg, American actress (b. 1938) deaths
  1. Susan Strasberg
    
    Susan Elizabeth Strasberg was an American stage, film, and television actress. Imagined to be the next Hepburn-type ingenue, she was nominated for a Tony Award at age 18, playing the title role in The Diary of Anne Frank. She appeared on the covers of LIFE and Newsweek in 1955. A close friend of Marilyn Monroe and Richard Burton, she wrote two best-selling tell-all books. Her later career primarily consisted of slasher and horror films, followed by TV roles, by the 1980s.
1998
1. Jack Lord, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Jack Lord
    
    John Joseph Patrick Ryan, best known by his stage name, Jack Lord, was an American television, film and Broadway actor, director and producer. He starred as Steve McGarrett in the CBS television program Hawaii Five-O, which ran from 1968 to 1980.
1997
1. Jeremy Shada, American actor, musician and singer births
  1. Jeremy Shada
    
    Jeremy Shada is an American actor, musician and singer. He is best known for his work as the voice of Finn the Human from the American animated television series Adventure Time and Lance in Voltron: Legendary Defender. He is also known for starring as various characters in the sketch-comedy series Incredible Crew. His most recent appearance is in the 2020 Netflix original television series, Julie and the Phantoms, as Reggie Peters, one of four main cast members, including Charlie Gillespie, Owen Joyner, and Madison Reyes.
2. Ilia Topuria, German-Georgian mixed martial artist births
  1. Ilia Topuria
    
    Ilia Topuria is a German-born Georgian mixed martial artist who competes in the Lightweight and Featherweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As of August 15, 2022, he is #14 in the UFC featherweight rankings.
1996
1. Marco Asensio, Spanish footballer births
  1. Marco Asensio
    
    Marco Asensio Willemsen is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a winger and attacking midfielder for La Liga club Real Madrid and the Spain national team.
1995
1. Yulia Belorukova, Russian cross-country skier births
  1. Yuliya Stupak
    
    Yuliya Sergeyevna Stupak is a Russian cross-country skier who competes internationally with the Russian national team.
2. Nguyễn Công Phượng, Vietnamese footballer births
  1. Nguyễn Công Phượng
    
    Nguyễn Công Phượng is a Vietnamese professional footballer who plays as a forward for V.League 1 club Hoàng Anh Gia Lai, and the Vietnam national football team. Nguyễn Công Phuợng lauded "Vietnamese Messi" by fans and the media due to his playing style and physique, Công Phượng is one of the most promising football talents in Vietnam. He is a product of HAGL – Arsenal JMG Academy and was promoted to Hoàng Anh Gia Lai senior team in 2015. Công Phượng was voted in 2015 as the 'Best Young Player of the Year.
3. Marine Johannes, French basketball player births
  1. Marine Johannès
    
    Marine Johannès is a French basketball player for the New York Liberty of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) and for Lyon Asvel Feminin in the French League. A native of Lisieux in Cavaldos, she also plays for the French national team, where she participated at the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2020 Summer Olympics.
4. Alanna Kennedy, Australian footballer births
  1. Alanna Kennedy
    
    Alanna Stephanie Kennedy is an Australian professional soccer player who plays as a defender for Manchester City in the English FA Women's Super League, as well as the Australia national team. Kennedy is recognized as being a versatile, technical player and is a right-footed free kick specialist. Known on the international level as a centre back, Kennedy also plays in the midfielder position.
1994
1. Amin Affane, Swedish footballer births
  1. Amin Affane
    
    Amin Tareq Affane ; born 21 January 1994) is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
2. Laura Robson, Australian-English tennis player births
  1. Laura Robson
    
    Laura Robson is a British former professional tennis player. She debuted on the ITF Junior Circuit in 2007, and a year later won the Junior Wimbledon championships at the age of 14. As a junior, she also twice reached the final of the girls' singles tournament at the Australian Open, in 2009 and 2010. She won her first tournament on the ITF Women's Circuit in November 2008.
3. Bassel al-Assad, Son of the former President of the Syrian Arab Republic Hafez al-Assad (b. 1962) deaths
  1. Bassel al-Assad
    
    Bassel al-Assad was a Syrian engineer, colonel, equestrian and politician who was the eldest son of Syrian President Hafez al-Assad and the older brother of (later) President Bashar al-Assad. It was widely expected that he would succeed his father as President of Syria until he died in a car accident in 1994.
  2. Syria
    
    Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a Western Asian country located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It is a unitary republic that consists of 14 governorates (subdivisions), and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east and southeast, Jordan to the south, and Israel and Lebanon to the southwest. Cyprus lies to the west across the Mediterranean Sea. A country of fertile plains, high mountains, and deserts, Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups, including the majority Syrian Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Armenians, Circassians, Albanians, and Greeks. Religious groups include Muslims, Christians, Alawites, Druze, and Yazidis. The capital and largest city of Syria is Damascus. Arabs are the largest ethnic group, and Muslims are the largest religious group.
  3. Hafez al-Assad
    
    Hafez al-Assad was a Syrian statesman and military officer who served as President of Syria from taking power in 1971 until his death in 2000. He was also Prime Minister of Syria from 1970 to 1971, as well as regional secretary of the regional command of the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and secretary general of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party from 1970 to 2000. Assad participated in the 1963 Syrian coup d'état which brought the Syrian regional branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party to power, and the new leadership appointed him commander of the Syrian Air Force. In February 1966, Assad participated in a second coup, which toppled the traditional leaders of the Ba'ath Party. Assad was appointed defence minister by the new government. Four years later, Assad initiated a third coup which ousted the de facto leader Salah Jadid and appointed himself as leader of Syria.
1993
1. Muralha, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Muralha
    
    Luiz Philipe Lima de Oliveira, known as Muralha or Luiz Philipe Muralha, is a Brazilian football who plays as a centre midfielder for Saudi Arabian club Al-Riyadh.
2. Charlie Gehringer, American baseball player and manager (b. 1903) deaths
  1. Charlie Gehringer
    
    Charles Leonard Gehringer, nicknamed "the Mechanical Man", was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, general manager, and team vice president, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Detroit Tigers for 19 seasons (1924–1942). He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1949.
1992
1. Verónica Cepede Royg, Paraguayan tennis player births
  1. Verónica Cepede Royg
    
    Verónica Cepede Royg is a professional Paraguayan tennis player.
2. Sven Erik Bystrøm, Norwegian cyclist births
  1. Sven Erik Bystrøm
    
    Sven Erik Bystrøm is a Norwegian road bicycle racer, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Intermarché–Wanty–Gobert Matériaux. He was the 2014 Under-23 World Road Race Champion.
3. James Duckworth, Australian tennis player births
  1. James Duckworth (tennis)
    
    James Duckworth is an Australian professional tennis player. He has a career-high Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) singles ranking of World No. 47 achieved on 8 November 2021 and No. 185 in doubles achieved on 10 February 2020. As a junior, Duckworth enjoyed a successful career which included winning three titles and reaching the semi-finals of the 2010 French Open. Duckworth represented Australia in tennis at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and the 2022 ATP Cup.
4. Kwame Karikari, Ghanaian footballer births
  1. Kwame Karikari
    
    Kwame Amponsah Karikari is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Indian Super League club Chennaiyin.
5. Nicolás Mezquida, Uruguayan footballer births
  1. Nicolás Mezquida
    
    Gabriel Nicolás Mezquida Sero is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Greek Super League club Volos.
6. Roland Szolnoki, Hungarian footballer births
  1. Roland Szolnoki
    
    Roland Szolnoki is a Hungarian football player who plays as a right back for Puskás Akadémia FC and Hungary national team. A versatile international footballer, he can play with both feet. He normally plays as a defender, but he can sometimes play as a deep-lying playmaker.
1991
1. Ali Al-Busaidi, Omani footballer births
  1. Ali Al-Busaidi
    
    Ali Sulaiman Rashid Al-Busaidi, commonly known as Ali Al-Busaidi, is an Omani footballer who plays for Al-Seeb Club in the Oman Professional League.
2. Jan Hirt, Czech cyclist births
  1. Jan Hirt
    
    Jan Hirt is a Czech professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI WorldTeam Intermarché–Wanty–Gobert Matériaux.
3. Marta Pagnini, Italian gymnast births
  1. Marta Pagnini
    
    Marta Pagnini is a retired Italian group rhythmic gymnast from Prato, Italy.
1990
1. Arash Afshin, Iranian footballer births
  1. Arash Afshin
    
    Arash Afshin is an Iranian footballer. He is a former player of Iran national team and under-23 team.
2. Diogo Amado, Portuguese footballer births
  1. Diogo Amado
    
    Diogo Carlos Correia Amado is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for U.D. Leiria.
3. Andriy Bohdanov, Ukrainian footballer births
  1. Andriy Bohdanov
    
    Andriy Yevhenovych Bohdanov is a Ukrainian professional football midfielder who plays for Kolos Kovalivka.
4. Kelly Rohrbach, American model and actress births
  1. Kelly Rohrbach
    
    Kelly Rohrbach is an American actress and model, best known for her role as C. J. Parker in the film Baywatch.
5. André Martins, Portuguese footballer births
  1. André Martins (footballer, born 1990)
    
    André Renato Soares Martins is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Israeli Premier League club Hapoel Be'er Sheva as a central midfielder.
6. Knowledge Musona, Zimbabwean footballer births
  1. Knowledge Musona
    
    Knowledge Musona is a Zimbabwean professional footballer who plays as a left winger or forward for Al-Tai in the Saudi Professional League, and the Zimbabwe national team. Previously, he has played senior football in South Africa, Belgium and Germany.
7. Jacob Smith, American actor births
  1. Jacob Smith (actor)
    
    John Jacob Charles William Smith is an American actor. He began his career as a young child, making several guest appearances on popular TV shows before being cast as Owen Salinger on Party of Five, a role he held for two years. After the series' end, Smith went on to appear in Phantom of the Megaplex, a Disney Channel Original Movie, in 2000 and then in Cheaper by the Dozen and its sequel, Cheaper by the Dozen 2, in 2003 and 2005, respectively.
8. Doni Tata Pradita, Indonesian motorcycle racer births
  1. Doni Tata Pradita
    
    Doni Tata Pradita is an Indonesian motorcycle racer who raced in the 2013 Moto2 World Championship. In 2008, he raced for Yamaha Pertamina Indonesia Team in the 2008 250cc Grand Prix World Championship. Doni is the first Indonesian rider ever to participate in a 250cc Grand Prix World Championship race & remains the only Indonesian rider to score points in intermediate class so far.
1989
1. Doğuş Balbay, Turkish basketball player births
  1. Doğuş Balbay
    
    Doğuş Balbay is a Turkish professional basketball player and the team captain for Anadolu Efes Istanbul of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the EuroLeague. He is 6 ft 1 in tall and he plays at the point guard position.
2. Kayla Banwarth, American indoor volleyball player births
  1. Kayla Banwarth
    
    Kayla Banwarth is an American former volleyball player and coach. She played as a libero for the United States women's national volleyball team. Banwarth won gold with the national team at the 2014 World Championship, and bronze at the 2015 World Cup and 2016 Rio Olympic Games.
3. Férébory Doré, Congolese footballer births
  1. Férébory Doré
    
    Férébory Doré is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a forward. Between 2010 and 2017, he made 37 appearances scoring 10 goals for the Congo national team.
4. Sergey Fesikov, Russian swimmer births
  1. Sergey Fesikov
    
    Sergey Vasilyevich Fesikov is a Russian professional swimmer. He was part of the Russian 4 × 100 m freestyle relay teams that finished in ninth and third place at the 2008 and 2012 Olympics, respectively.
5. Henrikh Mkhitaryan, Armenian footballer births
  1. Henrikh Mkhitaryan
    
    Henrikh Mkhitaryan is an Armenian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or winger for Serie A club Inter Milan.
6. Matteo Pelucchi, Italian cyclist births
  1. Matteo Pelucchi
    
    Matteo Pelucchi is an Italian former professional road cyclist, who last rode for UCI WorldTeam Team Qhubeka NextHash. He also competed in track cycling at a junior level.
7. Zhang Shuai, Chinese tennis player births
  1. Zhang Shuai
    
    Zhang Shuai is a Chinese professional tennis player.
8. Carl Furillo, American baseball player (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Carl Furillo
    
    Carl Anthony Furillo, nicknamed "The Reading Rifle" and "Skoonj", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB), spending his entire career with the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers. A member of seven National League (NL) champions from 1947 to 1959 inclusive, Furillo batted over .300 five times, winning the 1953 batting title, with a .344 average — then the highest by a right-handed hitting Dodger since 1900. Noted for his strong and accurate throwing arm, he recorded ten or more assists in nine consecutive seasons, leading the league twice, and retired with the fifth-most games in right field (1,408) in NL history.
9. Billy Tipton, American pianist and saxophonist (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Billy Tipton
    
    Billy Tipton was an American jazz musician, bandleader, and talent broker. Tipton lived and identified as a man for most of his adult life; after his death, friends and family were surprised to learn that he was transgender.
1988
1. Glaiza de Castro, Filipino actress and singer births
  1. Glaiza de Castro
    
    Glaiza Castro Galura-Rainey, known by her stage name Glaiza de Castro, is a Filipino actress, recording artist and advocate. She is recognized as the industry's "Drama Royalty" for her acting prowess and versatility.
2. Ashton Eaton, American decathlete births
  1. Ashton Eaton
    
    Ashton James Eaton is a retired American decathlete and two-time Olympic champion, who holds the world record in the indoor heptathlon event. Eaton was the second decathlete to break the 9,000-point barrier in the decathlon, with 9,039 points, a score he bettered on August 29, 2015, when he beat his own world record with a score of 9,045 points, and remains the only person to exceed 9000 points twice. His world record was broken by Frenchman Kevin Mayer on September 16, 2018, with a total of 9,126 points, who became the third man to pass the 9,000-point barrier.
3. Rolands Freimanis, Latvian basketball player births
  1. Rolands Freimanis
    
    Rolands Freimanis is a Latvian professional basketball player for Trefl Sopot of the Polish Basketball League. He plays at the power forward and center positions.
4. Vanessa Hessler, Italian-American model and actress births
  1. Vanessa Hessler
    
    Vanessa Hessler is an Italian-American model and actress. A model since she was 15, Hessler has appeared in many publications throughout Italy, Germany and France.
5. Aleksandar Lazevski, Macedonian footballer births
  1. Aleksandar Lazevski
    
    Aleksandar Lazevski is a retired Macedonian footballer.
6. Ángel Mena, Ecuadorian footballer births
  1. Ángel Mena
    
    Ángel Israel Mena Delgado is an Ecuadorian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Liga MX club León and the Ecuador national team.
7. Valérie Tétreault, Canadian tennis player births
  1. Valérie Tétreault
    
    Valérie Tétreault is a Canadian former professional tennis player. She reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 112 in February 2010, and peaked at No. 307 in the doubles rankings in April of the same year.
8. Pieter Timmers, Belgian swimmer births
  1. Pieter Timmers
    
    Pieter Timmers is a Belgian retired competitive swimmer who specialized in sprint freestyle events. He won the silver medal in the 100 meter freestyle at the 2016 Olympics. Timmers currently holds nine Belgian records, and seven national titles in long and short course freestyle. Timmers is a resident athlete for Brabo Antwerp, and trains under his personal coach Ronald Gaastra. He stands 2.00 m, and weighs 89 kg (196 lb). He ended his career in Budapest in the second season of the International Swimming League in 2020.
9. Nemanja Tomić, Serbian footballer births
  1. Nemanja Tomić
    
    Nemanja Tomić is a Serbian footballer who currently plays for Radnički 1923. He is often described as a "tricky" winger with sublime dribbling skill.
10. Vincent Lingiari, Australian Aboriginal rights activist (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Vincent Lingiari
    
    Vincent Lingiari AM was an Australian Aboriginal rights activist and member of the Gurindji people. In his early life he started as a stockman at Wave Hill Station, where the Aboriginal workers were given no more than rations, tobacco and clothing as their payment. After the owners of the station refused to improve pay and working conditions at the cattle station and hand back some of Gurindji land, Lingiari was elected and became the leader of the workers in August 1966. He led his people in the Wave Hill walk-off, also known as the Gurindji strike.
1987
1. Ioannis Athanasoulas, Greek basketball player births
  1. Ioannis Athanasoulas
    
    Ioannis Athanasoulas is a Greek professional basketball player for Psychiko of the Greek A2 Basket League. He is a 2.02 m tall small forward–power forward.
2. Andrei Cojocari, Moldovan international footballer births
  1. Andrei Cojocari
    
    Andrei Cojocari is a Moldovan footballer who currently plays for Moldovan National Division club Dinamo-Auto Tiraspol. He also plays for the Moldova national team.
3. Aida Hadzialic, Swedish politician births
  1. Aida Hadžialić
    
    Aida Hadžialić is a Bosnian-born Swedish politician and a member of the Social Democrats. She served as Minister for Upper Secondary School, Adult Education and Training from 3 October 2014 until her resignation on 15 August 2016. Prior to joining the government she served as deputy mayor 2010–2014 in Halmstad, Halland.
4. Shaun Keeling, South African rower births
  1. Shaun Keeling
    
    Shaun Keeling is a South African rower. He won a silver medal in the men's coxless pair event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He also competed in the men's coxless pair event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
5. Augustine Kiprono Choge, Kenyan runner births
  1. Augustine Kiprono Choge
    
    Augustine Kiprono Choge is a Kenyan middle distance and long distance runner.
6. Darren Helm, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Darren Helm
    
    Darren Helm is a Canadian professional ice hockey player for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL). He previously played for the Detroit Red Wings. Helm is a two-time Stanley Cup champion, winning with the Red Wings in 2008 and the Avalanche in 2022.
7. Will Johnson, Canadian footballer births
  1. Will Johnson (soccer)
    
    William David Johnson is a Canadian soccer player who plays for Central Florida Panthers in the National Premier Soccer League. A versatile midfielder, Johnson has represented Canada internationally.
8. Dominik Roels, German cyclist births
  1. Dominik Roels
    
    Dominik Roels is a former German professional road bicycle racer, who previously rode for German Team Milram. He announced his retirement in January 2011.
9. Maša Zec Peškirič, Slovenian tennis player births
  1. Maša Zec Peškirič
    
    Maša Zec Peškirič is a Slovenian former tennis player.
10. Ikumi Yoshimatsu, Japanese actress births
  1. Ikumi Yoshimatsu
    
    Ikumi Yoshimatsu is a Japanese actress, stunt woman, book author, opinion leader, social activist and beauty queen who was crowned Miss International 2012 in Okinawa. It was Japan's first Miss International win in the 52-year history of the pageant.
11. Charles Goodell, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Charles Goodell
    
    Charles Ellsworth Goodell Jr. was an American politician who represented New York in the United States House of Representatives from 1959 to 1968 and the United States Senate from 1968 to 1971. In both cases he came into office following the deaths of his predecessors, first in a special election and second as a temporary appointee succeeding Robert F. Kennedy.
1986
1. César Arzo, Spanish footballer births
  1. César Arzo
    
    César Arzo Amposta is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a central defender.
2. Edson Barboza, Brazilian mixed martial artist births
  1. Edson Barboza
    
    Edson Barboza Jr. is a Brazilian-American professional mixed martial artist and former Muay Thai kickboxer who competes in the featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship and has formerly competed at lightweight. As of June 7, 2022, he is #13 in the UFC featherweight rankings.
3. João Gomes Júnior, Brazilian swimmer births
  1. João Gomes Júnior
    
    João Luiz Gomes Júnior is a Brazilian breaststroke swimmer.
4. Javi López, Spanish footballer births
  1. Javi López (footballer, born 1986)
    
    Javier 'Javi' López Rodríguez is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a full-back or central midfielder for Australian club Adelaide United FC.
5. Gina Mambrú, Dominican Republic volleyball player births
  1. Gina Mambrú
    
    Gina Altagracia Mambrú Casilla is a volleyball player from the Dominican Republic, who played the 2012 Olympic Games and the 2014 World Championship ranking fifth in both competitions. She won the gold medal at the 2010 and 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games and bronze at the 2015 Pan American Games.
6. Jonathan Quick, American ice hockey player births
  1. Jonathan Quick
    
    Jonathan Douglas Quick is an American professional ice hockey goaltender for the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL). Quick was selected in the third round, 72nd overall, by Los Angeles at the 2005 NHL Entry Draft.
7. Mike Taylor, American basketball player births
  1. Mike Taylor (basketball player)
    
    Michael Rene Taylor is an American professional basketball player for Zamalek of the Basketball Africa League (BAL). He played college basketball for Chipola College and Iowa State.
8. Óscar Vílchez, Peruvian footballer births
  1. Óscar Vílchez
    
    Óscar Christopher Vílchez Soto is a Peruvian footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Alianza Universidad and for the Peru national football team. He is also the younger brother of footballer Walter Vílchez.
9. Sushant Singh Rajput, Indian actor (d. 2020) births
  1. Sushant Singh Rajput
    
    Sushant Singh Rajput was an Indian actor known for his work in Hindi cinema. He starred in a number of commercially successful Hindi films such as M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016), Kedarnath (2018) and Chhichhore (2019). Due to his contribution to the film industry, he received a Screen Award and was nominated for the Filmfare Awards on three occasions. He appeared on Forbes India's Celebrity 100 list twice since 2017.
1985
1. Artur Beterbiev, Russian boxer births
  1. Artur Beterbiev
    
    Artur Asilbekovich Beterbiev is a Russian-Canadian professional boxer. He is a unified light heavyweight champion, having held the IBF title since 2017, the WBC title since 2019 and the WBO title since June 2022.
2. Aura Dione, Danish singer and songwriter births
  1. Aura Dione
    
    Maria Louise Joensen, known as Aura Dione, is a Danish singer and songwriter. In 2008 she released her debut album, Columbine. The album spawned the hit single "I Will Love You Monday (365)", which reached number one in Germany, achieved over 80 million video views and was certified platinum.
3. Yumi Hara, Japanese voice actress and singer births
  1. Yumi Hara
    
    Yumi Hara is a Japanese voice actress and singer from Osaka Prefecture, Japan. In December 2017, she put her singing career on hold to focus on her voice acting career.
4. Sasha Pivovarova, Russian model and actress births
  1. Sasha Pivovarova
    
    Aleksandra Igorevna Pivovarova, is a Russian supermodel and actress. She is best known as the longest appearing fashion model for Prada, posed for 19 advertisement campaigns, a record Pivovarova has set for the brand.
5. Rodrigo San Miguel, Spanish basketball player births
  1. Rodrigo San Miguel
    
    Rodrigo San Miguel is a Spanish professional basketball player for CB San Pablo Burgos of the LEB Oro.
6. Ri Se-gwang, North Korean artistic gymnast births
  1. Ri Se-gwang
    
    Ri Se-gwang is a retired North Korean artistic gymnast, representing the April 25 Sports Club. He is often considered a specialist on vault apparatus in the sport of men’s artistic gymnastics (MAG).
7. Dmitri Sokolov, Russian basketball player births
  1. Dmitri Sokolov (basketball)
    
    Dmitry Nikolaevich Sokolov is a Russian professional basketball player for Khimki of the VTB United League. He plays at the center position.
8. Ryan Suter, American ice hockey player births
  1. Ryan Suter
    
    Ryan Suter is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has previously played for the Nashville Predators and Minnesota Wild.
9. James Beard, American chef and author (b. 1903) deaths
  1. James Beard
    
    James Andrews Beard was an American chef, cookbook author, teacher and television personality. He pioneered television cooking shows, taught at The James Beard Cooking School in New York City and Seaside, Oregon, and lectured widely. He emphasized American cooking, prepared with fresh, wholesome, American ingredients, to a country just becoming aware of its own culinary heritage. Beard taught and mentored generations of professional chefs and food enthusiasts. He published more than twenty books, and his memory is honored by his foundation's annual James Beard Awards.
10. Eddie Graham, American wrestler and promoter (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Eddie Graham
    
    Edward F. Gossett, better known as Eddie Graham, was an American professional wrestler. He was also the promoter and booker for Championship Wrestling from Florida and President of the NWA in the 1970s.
1984
1. Alex Koslov, Moldovan-American wrestler births
  1. Alex Koslov
    
    Alex Sherman is a Moldovan-born retired professional wrestler and color commentator, currently working for New Japan Pro-Wrestling under the ring name Alex Koslov.
2. Giannis Skarimpas, Greek playwright and poet (b. 1893) deaths
  1. Giannis Skarimpas
    
    Giannis Skarimpas, Giannis Skarimbas or Yiannis Skarimbas, was a Greek writer, dramatist, and poet.
3. Jackie Wilson, American singer (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Jackie Wilson
    
    Jack Leroy Wilson Jr. was an American singer and performer of the 1950s and 60s. He was a prominent figure in the transition of rhythm and blues into soul. Nicknamed "Mr. Excitement", he was considered a master showman and one of the most dynamic singers and performers in soul, R&B, and rock and roll history.
1983
1. Alex Acker, American basketball player births
  1. Alex Acker
    
    Alexander Maurice Acker is an American-Italian professional basketball player for Gallarate Basket of the Serie C Gold, in the Italian minor leagues. He played college basketball for Pepperdine University.
2. Svetlana Khodchenkova, Russian actress births
  1. Svetlana Khodchenkova
    
    Svetlana Viktorovna Khodchenkova is a Russian film, television and theater actress. She is an Honored Artist of the Russian Federation (2018).
3. Marieke van den Ham, Dutch water polo player births
  1. Marieke van den Ham
    
    Marieke van den Ham is a water polo player of the Netherlands who represents the Dutch national team in international competitions.
4. Maryse Ouellet, French-Canadian wrestler births
  1. Maryse Mizanin
    
    Maryse Mizanin is a Canadian professional wrestler, actress, and glamour model. She is currently signed to WWE, appearing on the Raw brand alongside her husband The Miz, under the ring name Maryse. After spending years modeling, including winning Miss Hawaiian Tropic Canada in 2003, Ouellet participated in the WWE Diva Search competition and was hired by WWE in 2006. She spent time in developmental territories Ohio Valley Wrestling and Florida Championship Wrestling, before being assigned to the SmackDown brand in 2008. That year, Maryse won her first WWE Divas Championship.
5. Álvaro Quirós, Spanish golfer births
  1. Álvaro Quirós
    
    Álvaro Quirós García is a Spanish professional golfer.
6. Francesca Segat, Italian swimmer births
  1. Francesca Segat
    
    Francesca Segat is a butterfly swimmer from Italy who won the silver medal in the 200 m butterfly at the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2003.
7. Moritz Volz, German footballer births
  1. Moritz Volz
    
    Moritz Volz is a German former professional footballer, media pundit and scout. He is the assistant coach at RB Leipzig.
8. Kelly VanderBeek, Canadian alpine skier births
  1. Kelly VanderBeek
    
    Kelly VanderBeek is a Canadian retired alpine skier originally from Kitchener, Ontario. She currently resides in Canmore, Alberta with husband David Ford. Although she has trained at countless ski clubs over the years, she lists Chicopee Ski Club, Kitchener, Ontario as her home club.
9. Lamar Williams, American bass player (b. 1949) deaths
  1. Lamar Williams
    
    Lamar Williams was an American musician best known for serving as the bassist of The Allman Brothers Band (1972–1976) and Sea Level (1976–1980).
1982
1. Richard José Blanco, Venezuelan footballer births
  1. Richard Blanco (footballer)
    
    Richard José Blanco Delgado Spanish pronunciation: [riˈtʃaɾθ xoˈse ˈβlaŋko], is a Venezuelan footballer that currently plays for Primera División club Mineros de Guayana as striker.
2. Adriano Ferreira Martins, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Adriano (footballer, born January 1982)
    
    Adriano Ferreira Martins or simply Adriano, is a Brazilian football striker for Portuguesa-RJ.
3. Nicolas Mahut, French tennis player births
  1. Nicolas Mahut
    
    Nicolas Pierre Armand Mahut is a French professional tennis player who is a former world No. 1 in doubles.
4. Sarah Ourahmoune, French boxer births
  1. Sarah Ourahmoune
    
    Sarah Ourahmoune is a French former female boxer. She won a silver medal at the Rio Olympics in 2016 before she retired from boxing.
5. Simon Rolfes, German footballer births
  1. Simon Rolfes
    
    Simon Rolfes is a German former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.
1981
1. Gillian Chung, Hong Kong singer-songwriter and actress births
  1. Gillian Chung
    
    Gillian Chung Ka-lai, known by her stage name Chung Yan-tung, is a Hong Kong actress and singer. She is a member of the Cantopop duo Twins, along with Charlene Choi.
2. Wu Hanxiong, Chinese fencer births
  1. Wu Hanxiong
    
    Wu Hanxiong is a male Chinese foil fencer who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.
3. Dany Heatley, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Dany Heatley
    
    Daniel "Dany" James Heatley is a Canadian former professional ice hockey winger. Originally drafted by the Atlanta Thrashers second overall in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft, he won the Calder Memorial Trophy as the National Hockey League (NHL) rookie of the year in 2002. However, Heatley's time with the Thrashers was derailed when he was at the wheel in a car crash in September 2003 that killed his teammate Dan Snyder. Heatley, who was also seriously injured but eventually made a full recovery, pled guilty to second-degree vehicular homicide and received probation.
4. Andy Lee, South Korean singer and actor births
  1. Andy Lee (South Korean singer)
    
    Lee Sun-ho, mononymously credited as Andy (Korean: 앤디), is a South Korean singer, rapper and the youngest member of six-member boy band Shinhwa. Besides rapping for his band, Andy has ventured out into television acting, musicals, and solo singing. Andy is also the producer of duo Jumper and boy group Teen Top, 100% and UP10TION.
5. Izabella Miko, Polish actress, dancer, and producer births
  1. Izabella Miko
    
    Izabella Miko is a Polish actress, dancer, film producer, and environmental activist. She is best known for starring in the film Coyote Ugly and the music videos "Mr. Brightside" and "Miss Atomic Bomb" by The Killers. While a dance student in Poland, Miko was recruited to study at the New York City Ballet at age 15 and later studied acting at the Lee Strasberg Institute. She made her American film debut in Coyote Ugly (2000), followed by a starring part in the vampire thriller The Forsaken (2001).
6. Shawn Redhage, American-Australian basketball player births
  1. Shawn Redhage
    
    Shawn Michael Redhage is an American-Australian former professional basketball player who is most known for his 12 seasons played with the Perth Wildcats of the National Basketball League (NBL). He played four years of college basketball for the Arizona State Sun Devils before moving to Australia in 2004 to play professionally. After spending time in the SEABL and with the New Zealand Breakers, Redhage joined the Wildcats in 2005 and went on to become one of the franchise's all-time great players.
7. Michel Teló, Brazilian singer-songwriter births
  1. Michel Teló
    
    Michel Teló is a Brazilian sertanejo singer-songwriter and actor. Before his solo act, he was a lead singer in various bands, most notably Grupo Tradição. His biggest national and international hit "Ai Se Eu Te Pego" reached number one in most European and Latin American charts.
8. Jung Ryeo-won, South Korean actress births
  1. Jung Ryeo-won
    
    Jung Ryeo-won is a South Korean-born Korean Australian actress. She began her entertainment career as a singer in the now-defunct girl group Chakra, and first rose to fame in the hit television series My Name Is Kim Sam-soon. She is also known for her roles in Two Faces of My Girlfriend, Castaway on the Moon, and History of a Salaryman.
9. David F. Sandberg, Swedish filmmaker births
  1. David F. Sandberg
    
    David F. Sandberg is a Swedish filmmaker. He is best known for his collective no-budget horror short films under the online pseudonym ponysmasher and for his 2016 directorial debut Lights Out, based on his 2013 acclaimed horror short of the same name. He also directed The Conjuring Universe spin-off horror film Annabelle: Creation (2017), and Shazam! (2019), the seventh installment in the DC Extended Universe.
1980
1. Karsten Forsterling, Australian rower births
  1. Karsten Forsterling
    
    Karsten Forsterling is an Australian former representative rower. He was a national champion, world champion, a dual Olympian and Olympic medal winner. He represented Australia at eight senior world rowing championships between 2002 and 2019 in both sculling and sweep oared boats.
2. Dave Kitson, English footballer and manager births
  1. Dave Kitson
    
    David Barry Kitson is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward. He made 420 appearances in the Premier League and Football League, including 135 for Reading.
3. Lee Kyung-won, South Korean badminton player births
  1. Lee Kyung-won
    
    Lee Kyung-won is a badminton player from South Korea. Lee was the women's doubles gold medallist at the 2002 Asian Games. She competed at the Olympic Games in 2000, 2004, and 2008, winning women's doubles bronze in 2004, and silver in 2008. She captured the women's doubles gold at the Asian Championships in 2003, 2004 and 2005. Lee educated at the Sungji Girls' Middle School, Sungji Girls' High School, and graduated from the Yong In University.
4. Kevin McKenna, Canadian soccer player births
  1. Kevin McKenna
    
    Kevin James McKenna is a Canadian former professional soccer who played as a centre back and current assistant manager of 1. FC Köln. Occasionally, he also played as a central midfielder or striker.
5. Nana Mizuki, Japanese singer-songwriter and voice actress births
  1. Nana Mizuki
    
    Nana Mizuki is a Japanese voice actress, singer and narrator from Niihama, Ehime. She is represented by the agency StarCrew. Mizuki was trained as an enka singer, releasing one single under her birth name, Nana Kondō, in 1993 and made her debut as a voice actress in 1996. Her prominent roles include Hinata Hyuga in the long-running ninja series Naruto as well in Boruto: Naruto Next Generations, Tamao Tamamura in Shaman King 2001 and 2021, Colette Brunel in Tales of Symphonia, Fate Testarossa in Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha, Tsubasa Kazanari in Symphogear, Moka Akashiya in Rosario + Vampire, Tsubomi Hanasaki in Heartcatch Precure! and Ann Takamaki in Persona 5. She also had official dubbing roles in live action version of Itazura na Kiss from Korea and Taiwan, as well in Hunger Games film series as Katniss Everdeen. She is also the famous dubbing roles for Ariel Lin.
6. Xavier Pons, Spanish rally diver births
  1. Xavier Pons
    
    Xavier "Xevi" Pons Puigdillers is a Spanish rally driver who competed in the World Rally Championship from 2003 to 2014.
7. Mari Possa, El Salvadoran pornographic actress births
  1. Mari Possa
    
    Mari Possa is a Salvadoran American pornographic actress and reality TV personality.
8. Bratislav Ristić, Serbian footballer births
  1. Bratislav Ristić
    
    Bratislav Ristić is a current sports agent and former Serbian footballer who last played for FK Čelik Nikšić.
1979
1. Quinton Jacobs, Namibian footballer births
  1. Quinton Jacobs
    
    Quinton Norman Jacobs is a Namibian former footballer who played as a midfielder.
2. Melendi, Spanish singer births
  1. Melendi
    
    Ramón Melendi Espina, known as Melendi, is a Spanish singer-songwriter. His specialties are rock, flamenco, and rumba styles.
3. Brian O'Driscoll, Irish rugby player births
  1. Brian O'Driscoll
    
    Brian Gerard O'Driscoll is an Irish former professional rugby union player. He played at outside centre for the Irish provincial team Leinster and for Ireland. He captained Ireland from 2003 until 2012, and captained the British & Irish Lions for their 2005 tour of New Zealand. He is regarded by critics as one of the greatest rugby players of all time.
1978
1. Faris Al-Sultan, German triathlete births
  1. Faris Al-Sultan
    
    Faris al-Sultan is a former German triathlete who is now active as a coach. In 2005, he was the third German to win the Ironman Hawaii. He is listed in the best list of German triathletes on the Ironman distance.
2. Peter von Allmen, Swiss cross-country skier births
  1. Peter von Allmen
    
    Peter von Allmen is a Swiss cross-country skier who has been competing since 1997. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver he finished 43rd in the individual sprint event.
3. Hernán Rodrigo López, Uruguayan footballer births
  1. Rodrigo López (footballer, born 1978)
    
    Hernán Rodrigo López Mora, also known as Rodrigo López, is an Uruguayan football manager and former player who played as a forward. He is the current manager of Paraguayan club Guaraní.
4. Andrei Zyuzin, Russian ice hockey player births
  1. Andrei Zyuzin
    
    Andrei Yurievich Zyuzin is a Russian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the San Jose Sharks, Tampa Bay Lightning, New Jersey Devils, Minnesota Wild, Calgary Flames and Chicago Blackhawks.
5. Freda Utley, English scholar and author (b. 1898) deaths
  1. Freda Utley
    
    Winifred Utley, commonly known as Freda Utley, was an English scholar, political activist and best-selling author. After visiting the Soviet Union in 1927 as a trade union activist, she joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1928. Later, married and living in Moscow, she quickly became disillusioned with communism. When her Russian husband, Arcadi Berdichevsky, was arrested in 1936, she escaped to England with her young son.
1977
1. Hussein Abdulghani, Saudi Arabian footballer births
  1. Hussein Abdulghani
    
    Hussein Omar Abdulghani Sulaimani is a former Saudi Arabian football player who played as a left back in the Saudi Professional League.
2. Bradley Carnell, South African footballer births
  1. Bradley Carnell
    
    Bradley Neil Carnell is a South African former footballer who played as a defender. He is the current head coach of St. Louis City SC of Major League Soccer.
3. John DeSantis, Canadian actor births
  1. John DeSantis
    
    John DeSantis, sometimes credited as John De Santis or John Desantis, is a Canadian actor, best known as Lurch on Fox Family's television of The New Addams Family. His other work includes a principal role in Disney's Touchstone Pictures film The 13th Warrior, in which he played a Viking warrior named Ragnar the Dour. He has also appeared in television series Police Academy and Supernatural.
4. Kirsten Klose, German hammer thrower births
  1. Kirsten Klose
    
    Kirsten Münchow is a German hammer thrower who won the Olympic bronze medal in 2000 with a personal best throw of 69.28 metres.
5. Denis Lunghi, Italian cyclist births
  1. Denis Lunghi
    
    Denis Lunghi is an Italian former professional racing cyclist. He rode in three editions of the Giro d'Italia.
6. Ulrike Maisch, German runner births
  1. Ulrike Maisch
    
    Ulrike Maisch is a long-distance runner from Germany, who won the women's marathon at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. Her children are Emil Friedrich and Paul Friedrich and her husband is also running and is called Richard Friedrich who won the Munich Marathon in 2011.
7. Phil Neville, English footballer and manager births
  1. Phil Neville
    
    Philip John Neville is an English football manager and former player, who is the head coach of MLS team Inter Miami CF. He is also the co-owner of Salford City, along with several of his former Manchester United teammates.
8. Michael Ruffin, American basketball player births
  1. Michael Ruffin
    
    Michael David Ruffin is an American former professional basketball player currently working as an assistant coach for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association (NBA). At 6'8" and 248 lbs, he played as a forward/center.
9. Jerry Trainor, American actor, director, and producer births
  1. Jerry Trainor
    
    Gerald William Trainor is an American actor. He is known for playing Spencer Shay in the teen sitcom iCarly, winning three Kids' Choice Awards for his performance, and reprises the role on its revival series of the same name. He also appeared in Drake & Josh as "Crazy" Steve and T.U.F.F. Puppy as Dudley Puppy, for which he received a nomination for a Daytime Emmy Award. Since 2004, Trainor has worked primarily on the Nickelodeon network. Outside of this, he has had recurring and guest roles on young adult-oriented shows on the Disney Channel and Netflix as well as in more mature shows like Crossing Jordan and 2 Broke Girls.
10. Sandro Penna, Italian poet and journalist (b. 1906) deaths
  1. Sandro Penna
    
    Sandro Penna was an Italian poet.
1976
1. Aivaras Abromavičius, Lithuanian-Ukrainian banker and politician; 15th Ukrainian Minister of Economic Development births
  1. Aivaras Abromavičius
    
    Aivaras Abromavičius is a Lithuanian-born Ukrainian investment banker and politician. He was Ukraine's Minister of Economy and Trade starting in December 2014. He did not retain his post in the Groysman Government that was installed in 14 April 2016. Abromavičius was Director General of Ukroboronprom, Ukraine's largest defense industry enterprise, from 31 August 2019 until 6 October 2020.
  2. Ministry of Economy (Ukraine)
    
    The Ministry for Development of Economy and Trade is the main authority in the system of central government of Ukraine responsible for formation and realization of state economic and social development policies ; regulation of consumer prices; industrial, investment and trade economic policies; development of entrepreneurship; technical regulation and security of consumer rights; inter-agency coordination of economic and social cooperation of Ukraine with the European Union. In 2019-2020 it also encompassed functions of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food.
2. Raivis Belohvoščiks, Latvian cyclist births
  1. Raivis Belohvoščiks
    
    Raivis Belohvoščiks is a Latvian former professional road cyclist who specialized in individual time trial events. He is ten-time Latvian national time trial champion. In 2006 he signed a 2-year contract with UCI ProTour team Saunier Duval–Prodir, but this was not renewed for the 2009 season. In 2010, he rode for Ceramica Flaminia. He didn't achieve any major results in his first Tour de France. He was 40th in the first time trial around Metz. He was one of the major victims of the Passage du Gois in stage 2, and arrived last in stage 6 to Maubeuge. He left the race during the stage (10) to L'Alpe d'Huez.
3. Emma Bunton, English singer births
  1. Emma Bunton
    
    Emma Lee Bunton is an English singer, songwriter, actress, and media personality. She rose to fame in the 1990s as a member of the girl group Spice Girls, in which she was nicknamed Baby Spice. With over 100 million records sold worldwide, the group became the best-selling female group of all time.
4. Lars Eidinger, German actor births
  1. Lars Eidinger
    
    Lars Eidinger is a German actor. Eidinger started his career at Deutsches Theater in 1997. Before his breakthrough, he played minor roles in German television shows like Schloss Einstein (2002) and Berlin, Berlin (2003). In February 2016, he was nominated as one of the judges for the main competition section of the 66th Berlin International Film Festival. He is a member of the ensemble of the Schaubühne theatre in Berlin, with leading roles in Thomas Ostermeier productions such as Hamlet and Richard III.
5. Giorgio Frezzolini, Italian footballer births
  1. Giorgio Frezzolini
    
    Giorgio Frezzolini is a retired Italian footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
6. Igors Stepanovs, Latvian footballer births
  1. Igors Stepanovs
    
    Igors Stepanovs is a Latvian former professional footballer, who played as a defender, and the manager of the Latvia under-17 national team. Stepanovs played 100 international matches and scored four goals for the Latvia national team. He made his debut in 1995, and played at Euro 2004.
1975
1. Nicky Butt, English footballer and coach births
  1. Nicky Butt
    
    Nicholas Butt is an English football coach and former player who was most recently the head of first-team development at Manchester United. He is also a co-owner and chief executive officer of Salford City.
2. Casey FitzRandolph, American speedskater births
  1. Casey FitzRandolph
    
    Casey J. FitzRandolph is an American speed skater.
3. Yuji Ide, Japanese race car driver births
  1. Yuji Ide
    
    Yuji Ide is a Japanese racing driver. He is the 2005 Formula Nippon runner-up and the 2010 Suzuka 1000km winner. He competed in Formula One with the Super Aguri team in 2006, but was demoted to third driver after four races and subsequently lost his FIA Super Licence.
4. Ito, Spanish footballer and manager births
  1. Ito (footballer, born 1975)
    
    Antonio Álvarez Pérez, known as Ito, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a defensive midfielder, and a manager.
5. Willem Korsten, Dutch footballer births
  1. Willem Korsten
    
    Willem Korsten is a former Dutch professional footballer who played as a left winger.
6. Jason Moran, American jazz pianist, composer and educator births
  1. Jason Moran (musician)
    
    Jason Moran is an American jazz pianist, composer, and educator involved in multimedia art and theatrical installations.
7. Florin Șerban, Romanian director births
  1. Florin Șerban
    
    Florin Șerban is a Romanian film director whose film If I Want to Whistle, I Whistle won the Jury Grand Prix and the Alfred Bauer Prize at the 2010 Berlin Film festival. The film was also selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards but it did not make the final shortlist.
8. Alyaksandr Yermakovich, Belarusian footballer and manager births
  1. Alyaksandr Yermakovich
    
    Alyaksandr Uladzimiravich Yermakovich is a Belarusian football manager and a former midfielder. He is an assistant coach of Russian club Ural Yekaterinburg.
1974
1. Malena Alterio, Spanish actress births
  1. Malena Alterio
    
    Malena Grisel Alterio Bacaicoa is an Argentine-born Spanish actress. She became well known with the Spanish TV series Aquí no hay quien viva, playing the role of Belén López Vázquez.
2. Maxwell Atoms, American animator, screenwriter and voice actor births
  1. Maxwell Atoms
    
    Adam Maxwell Burton, known professionally as Maxwell Atoms, is an American animator, screenwriter, storyboard artist, and voice actor. He is the creator of the Cartoon Network series Grim & Evil and its subsequent spin-offs, The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy and Evil Con Carne.
3. Kim Dotcom, German-Finnish Internet entrepreneur and political activist births
  1. Kim Dotcom
    
    Kim Dotcom, also known as Kimble and Kim Tim Jim Vestor, is a German-Finnish Internet entrepreneur and political activist who resides in Glenorchy, New Zealand.
4. Arthémon Hatungimana, Burundian middle-distance runner births
  1. Arthémon Hatungimana
    
    Arthémon Hatungimana is a former middle distance runner from Burundi. In 1995, he won a silver medal in 800 metres at the World Championships in Athletics.
5. Vincent Laresca, American actor births
  1. Vincent Laresca
    
    Vincent Laresca is an American actor.
6. Ulrich Le Pen, French footballer births
  1. Ulrich Le Pen
    
    Ulrich Le Pen is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He spent most of his career in his native France apart from a short stint at Ipswich Town.
7. Marco Zanotti, Italian cyclist births
  1. Marco Zanotti (cyclist, born 1974)
    
    Marco Zanotti is a road bicycle racer from Italy, who was a professional rider from 1997 to 2008, with the exception of the year 1999. Zanotti most recently rodes for the UCI Professional Continental team Preti Mangimi.
1973
1. Rob Hayles, English cyclist births
  1. Rob Hayles
    
    Robert John Hayles is a former track and road racing cyclist, who rode for Great Britain and England on the track and several professional teams on the road. Hayles competed in the team pursuit and Madison events, until his retirement in 2011. He now occasionally provides studio-based analysis of cycle races for British Eurosport.
2. Chris Kilmore, American musician and DJ births
  1. Chris Kilmore
    
    Chris Kilmore is an American musician and DJ. He is the turntablist and keyboardist of the rock band Incubus since 1998.
3. Edvinas Krungolcas, Lithuanian modern pentathlete births
  1. Edvinas Krungolcas
    
    Edvinas Krungolcas is a retired Lithuanian modern pentathlete who won the silver medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.
4. Flavio Maestri, Peruvian footballer births
  1. Flavio Maestri
    
    Flavio Francisco Maestri Andrade is a Peruvian retired football player.
1972
1. Billel Dziri, Algerian footballer and manager births
  1. Billel Dziri
    
    Billel Dziri is an Algerian football manager and former player. After starting off with NA Hussein Dey, Dziri played most of his career with USM Alger and had spells with Étoile Sportive du Sahel in Tunisia, CS Sedan Ardennes in France and Al-Sadd in Qatar.
2. Rick Falkvinge, Swedish businessman and politician births
  1. Rick Falkvinge
    
    Rick Falkvinge is a Swedish information technology entrepreneur and founder of the Swedish Pirate Party. He is currently a political evangelist with the party, spreading the ideas across the world.
3. Sead Kapetanović, Bosnian footballer births
  1. Sead Kapetanović
    
    Sead Kapetanović is a Bosnian retired footballer.
4. Yasunori Mitsuda, Japanese composer and producer births
  1. Yasunori Mitsuda
    
    Yasunori Mitsuda is a Japanese composer, musician, and sound producer. He is best known for his work in video games, primarily for the Chrono, Xeno, Shadow Hearts, and Inazuma Eleven franchises, among various others. Mitsuda began composing music for his own games in high school, later attending a music college in Tokyo. While still a student, he was granted an intern position at the game development studio Wolf Team.
5. Cat Power, American singer, musician and actress births
  1. Cat Power
    
    Charlyn Marie "Chan" Marshall, better known by her stage name Cat Power, is an American singer-songwriter, musician and model. Cat Power was originally the name of her first band, but has become her stage name as a solo artist.
6. Shawn Rojeski, American curler births
  1. Shawn Rojeski
    
    Shawn Rojeski is an American curler from Chisholm, Minnesota and Olympic medalist. He was born and raised in Biwabik, Minnesota and attended Mesabi East High School. Under skip Pete Fenson, he received a bronze medal at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Torino, playing as the third. The team was later named the 2006 USOC Team of the Year.
7. Sabina Valbusa, Italian cross-country skier births
  1. Sabina Valbusa
    
    Sabina Valbusa is an Italian cross-country skier who competed from 1993 to 2010.
1971
1. Uni Arge, Faroese footballer and entertainer births
  1. Uni Arge
    
    Uni Jógvanson Arge is a Faroese journalist, writer, musician, singer and a former international football striker.
2. Rafael Berges, Spanish footballer births
  1. Rafael Berges
    
    Rafael Berges Martín is a Spanish former footballer who played as a left-back, currently a manager.
3. Doug Edwards, American basketball player births
  1. Doug Edwards
    
    Douglas Edwards is an American former professional basketball player who was selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the first round of the 1993 NBA draft. Edwards played for the Hawks and Vancouver Grizzlies in 3 NBA seasons, averaging 2.4 ppg. He played collegiately at Florida State University. Edwards gained his nickname "Doughboy" while playing in Vancouver as a result of his soft play on the court, and supposed infatuation with the local Tim Hortons doughnut chain. On September 10, 2008, Frank Martin announced the addition of Edwards to his coaching staff at Kansas State University. He has two brothers, both former basketball players: Steven and Allen.
4. Dmitri Khlestov, Russian footballer births
  1. Dmitri Khlestov
    
    Dmitri Alekseyevich Khlestov is a former Russian football player.
5. Dylan Kussman, American actor births
  1. Dylan Kussman
    
    Dylan Kussman is an American film and television writer and actor. He played the part of Richard Cameron in the 1989 film Dead Poets Society as well as Dr. Allen Painter in The Way of the Gun in 2000. He has also appeared in such films as Wild Hearts Can't Be Broken, Leatherheads, X2, Flight and Jack Reacher, and is the writer, director, and star of the online noir drama The Steps. He also co-wrote the screenplay for the 2017 Tom Cruise film, The Mummy. In 2019, he appeared in the Clint Eastwood film Richard Jewell.
6. Sergey Klevchenya, Russian speed skater births
  1. Sergey Klevchenya
    
    Sergey Konstantinovich Klevchenya is a Russian speed skater who competed for the Unified Team in the 1992 Winter Olympics and for Russia in the 1994 Winter Olympics, in the 1998 Winter Olympics, and in the 2002 Winter Olympics.
7. Doug Weight, American ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Doug Weight
    
    Douglas Daniel Weight is an American professional ice hockey coach, executive and former player. He is also the former head coach and assistant general manager for the New York Islanders. During his 19-year National Hockey League career, he played for the New York Rangers, Edmonton Oilers, Carolina Hurricanes, Anaheim Ducks, St. Louis Blues and the New York Islanders.
1970
1. Alen Bokšić, former Croatian footballer births
  1. Alen Bokšić
    
    Alen Bokšić is a former Croatian professional footballer. A forward who spent most of his career in France and Italy, he was renowned for his technique and power, and is regarded as one of the greatest players in the history of the Croatia national football team.
2. Marina Foïs, French actress births
  1. Marina Foïs
    
    Marina Sylvie Foïs is a French actress.
3. Ken Leung, American actor births
  1. Ken Leung
    
    Kenneth Leung is an American actor. His roles include Sang in Rush Hour, Miles Straume in Lost, Admiral Statura in Star Wars: The Force Awakens, and Eric Tao in HBO's Industry.
4. Oren Peli, Israeli-American director, producer and screenwriter births
  1. Oren Peli
    
    Oren Peli is an Israeli film director, producer and screenwriter, known for directing the 2007 film Paranormal Activity.
1969
1. John Ducey, American actor births
  1. John Ducey
    
    John Joseph Ducey is an American actor who has appeared in over 20 television shows, mainly sitcoms.
2. Eduard Hämäläinen, Finnish-Belarusian decathlete births
  1. Eduard Hämäläinen
    
    Eduard Hämäläinen is a retired decathlete from Finland and Belarus.
3. Karina Lombard, French-American actress and singer births
  1. Karina Lombard
    
    Karina Lombard is a Tahitian-born actress. She appeared as Isabel Two in Legends of the Fall, as chief Nonhelema in Timeless, and as Marina Ferrer in the first season of The L Word.
4. Tsubaki Nekoi, Japanese comic artist births
  1. Tsubaki Nekoi
    
    Tsubaki Nekoi , formerly Mick Nekoi , is a member of the all-female manga-creating team Clamp. She is the co-director and her duties in the team include applying screentones and correcting manga illustrations. She was also the lead artist on Legal Drug, The One I Love, Wish, Suki and xxxHolic. As the lead artist in xxxHolic, she is in charge of drawing the male characters while Mokona is responsible for the female characters.
1968
1. Dmitry Fomin, Soviet and Russian volleyball player births
  1. Dmitry Fomin
    
    Dmitry Fomin or Dmitri Fomine is a former Russian male volleyball player. He was part of the Soviet Union men's national volleyball team at the 1990 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship and was later part of the Russia men's national volleyball team at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Fomin won MVP Award in World League 1995 and World Cup 1991.
2. Ilya Smirin, Israeli chess Grandmaster births
  1. Ilya Smirin
    
    Ilya Smirin is a Byelorussian SSR-born and an Israeli chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1990.
3. Artur Dmitriev, Soviet and Russian ice skater births
  1. Artur Dmitriev
    
    Artur Valeryevich Dmitriev is a Russian former pair skater who competed internationally for the Soviet Union, the Unified Team, and Russia. He is a two-time Olympic champion, having won gold with Natalia Mishkutionok in 1992 and with Oksana Kazakova in 1998. He and Mishkutionok also won Olympic silver in 1994. Dmitriev is the only male pair skater to win the Olympics with two different partners.
4. Sébastien Lifshitz, French director births
  1. Sébastien Lifshitz
    
    Sébastien Lifshitz is a French screenwriter and director. He teaches at La Fémis, a school that focuses on the subject of image and sound. He studied at the École du Louvre, and has a bachelor's degree from the University of Paris in history of art. He is Jewish, and gay.
5. Charlotte Ross, American actress births
  1. Charlotte Ross
    
    Charlotte Ross is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Eve Donovan on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives from 1987 to 1991, and as Det. Connie McDowell on the ABC police procedural drama series NYPD Blue from 2001 to 2004.
1967
1. Artashes Minasian, Armenian chess player births
  1. Artashes Minasian
    
    Artashes Minasian is an Armenian chess grandmaster. He won the USSR Chess Championship in 1991 and is a six-time Armenian Chess Champion.
2. Alfred Jermaniš, Slovenian footballer births
  1. Alfred Jermaniš
    
    Alfred Jermaniš is a retired Slovenian football midfielder.
3. Gorō Miyazaki, Japanese film director and landscaper births
  1. Goro Miyazaki
    
    Goro Miyazaki is a Japanese director. He is the son of animator and film director Hayao Miyazaki, who is one of the co-founders of Studio Ghibli. Described as "reluctant" to follow his father's career, Goro initially worked as a landscaper for many years before entering the film business. He has directed three films—Tales from Earthsea (2006), From Up on Poppy Hill (2011), and Earwig and The Witch (2020).
4. Ann Sheridan, American actress (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Ann Sheridan
    
    Clara Lou "Ann" Sheridan was an American actress and singer. She is best known for her roles in the films San Quentin (1937) with Humphrey Bogart, Angels with Dirty Faces (1938) with James Cagney and Bogart, They Drive by Night (1940) with George Raft and Bogart, City for Conquest (1940) with Cagney and Elia Kazan, The Man Who Came to Dinner (1942) with Bette Davis, Kings Row (1942) with Ronald Reagan, Nora Prentiss (1947), and I Was a Male War Bride (1949) with Cary Grant.
1965
1. Robert Del Naja, British artist, musician and singer births
  1. Robert Del Naja
    
    Robert Del Naja, also known as 3D, is a British artist, musician, singer and songwriter. He emerged as a graffiti artist and member of the Bristol collective the Wild Bunch, and later as a founding member and sole consistent member of the band Massive Attack, with which he is still active. In 2009, he received the British Academy's Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.
2. Jam Master Jay, American DJ, rapper, and producer (d. 2002) births
  1. Jam Master Jay
    
    Jason William Mizell, better known by his stage name Jam Master Jay, was an American musician and DJ. He was the DJ of the influential hip hop group Run-DMC. During the 1980s, Run-DMC became one of the biggest hip hop groups and are credited with breaking hip hop into mainstream music.
3. Masahiro Wada, Japanese footballer births
  1. Masahiro Wada
    
    Masahiro Wada is a former Japanese football player and manager. His sons Atsuki Wada and Tomoki Wada are also footballer.
1964
1. Andreas Bauer, German ski jumper births
  1. Andreas Bauer (ski jumper)
    
    Andreas Bauer is a West German/German former ski jumper.
2. Tony Dolan, English musician and actor births
  1. Tony Dolan
    
    Tony "Demolition Man" Dolan is an English musician, best known as the bassist and vocalist of heavy metal bands Atomkraft and formerly Venom. He currently plays in Venom Inc., alongside fellow former Venom member guitarist Mantas and drummer Jeramie Kling.
3. Gérald Passi, French footballer births
  1. Gérald Passi
    
    Gérald Passi is a French former professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
4. Ricardo Serna, Spanish footballer births
  1. Ricardo Serna
    
    Ricardo Jesús Serna Orozco is a Spanish retired footballer who played mostly as a central defender.
5. Aleksandar Šoštar, Serbian water polo player births
  1. Aleksandar Šoštar
    
    Aleksandar Šoštar is a Serbian water polo goalkeeper who played on the bronze medal squad of FR Yugoslavia at the 2000 Summer Olympics and on the gold medal squad for SFR Yugoslavia at the 1988 Summer Olympics.
6. Danny Wallace, English footballer births
  1. Danny Wallace (footballer)
    
    David Lloyd "Danny" Wallace is an English former footballer who played for Southampton, Manchester United, Millwall, Birmingham City and Wycombe Wanderers. He won one full cap for England. His football career was ended prematurely by the effects of multiple sclerosis.
1963
1. Hakeem Olajuwon, Nigerian-American basketball player births
  1. Hakeem Olajuwon
    
    Hakeem Abdul Olajuwon, nicknamed "the Dream", is a Nigerian-American former professional basketball player. From 1984 to 2002, he played center in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Houston Rockets and, in his last season, the Toronto Raptors. He led the Rockets to back-to-back NBA championships in 1994 and 1995. Olajuwon was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2008 and the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2016. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest centers, as well as one of the greatest basketball players of all time.
2. Detlef Schrempf, German basketball player and coach births
  1. Detlef Schrempf
    
    Detlef Schrempf is a German-American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the Washington Huskies from 1981 to 1985, and was drafted into the National Basketball Association (NBA) by the Dallas Mavericks in the first round of the 1985 NBA draft, with the eighth overall pick. He was an All-NBA Third Team member in 1995, a three-time NBA All-Star and the NBA Sixth Man of the Year twice.
3. Acharya Shivpujan Sahay, Indian author, poet, and academic (b. 1893) deaths
  1. Acharya Shivpujan Sahay
    
    Acharya Shivpujan Sahay was a noted Hindi and Bhojpuri novelist, editor and prose writer. He contributed in pioneering modern trends in, as well as in fiction. His texts "Mata ka Anchal" also printed in CBSE Book. In the text Mata ka Anchal, he has shown a wonderful bond with mother. He also conferred him with Padma Bhushan award by the Government of India.
4. Spiros Xenos, Greek-Swedish painter (b. 1881) deaths
  1. Spiros Xenos
    
    Spiros George Xenos was a Greek-Swedish artist.
1962
1. Tyler Cowen, American economist and academic births
  1. Tyler Cowen
    
    Tyler Cowen is an American economist, columnist and blogger. He is a professor at George Mason University, where he holds the Holbert L. Harris chair in the economics department. He hosts the economics blog Marginal Revolution, together with co-author Alex Tabarrok. Cowen and Tabarrok also maintain the website Marginal Revolution University, a venture in online education.
2. Isabelle Nanty, French actress, director and screenwriter births
  1. Isabelle Nanty
    
    Isabelle Nanty is a French actress, film and theatre director and screenwriter.
3. Gabriele Pin, Italian footballer and coach births
  1. Gabriele Pin
    
    Gabriele Pin is an Italian football coach, and a former player. He is currently an assistant coach at Al-Ittihad Kalba.
4. Zoran Thaler, Slovenian politician births
  1. Zoran Thaler
    
    Zoran Thaler is a Slovenian politician and businessman. He is a former Slovenian foreign minister and a former member of the European Parliament.
5. Erik Verlinde, Dutch theoretical physicist births
  1. Erik Verlinde
    
    Erik Peter Verlinde is a Dutch theoretical physicist and string theorist. He is the identical twin brother of physicist Herman Verlinde. The Verlinde formula, which is important in conformal field theory and topological field theory, is named after him. His research deals with string theory, gravity, black holes and cosmology. Currently, he works at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Amsterdam.
6. Marie Trintignant, French actress (d. 2003) births
  1. Marie Trintignant
    
    Marie Trintignant was a French film and stage actress. She appeared in over 30 movies during the span of her 36-year career. Her family was deeply involved in France's film industry, as her father was an actor and her mother was a director, producer, and screenwriter.
1961
1. Kevin Cramer, American politician births
  1. Kevin Cramer
    
    Kevin John Cramer is an American politician who has served as the junior United States senator for North Dakota since 2019. A member of the Republican Party, he represented North Dakota's at-large congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 2013 to 2019.
2. Cornelia Pröll, Austrian alpine skier births
  1. Cornelia Pröll
    
    Cornelia Pröll is an Austrian former alpine skier who competed in the 1980 Winter Olympics.
3. Ivo Pukanić Croatian journalist (d. 2008) births
  1. Ivo Pukanić
    
    Ivo Pukanić was a Croatian journalist. He was best known as editor-in-chief of the once influential Croatian political weekly Nacional. In 2008, Pukanić was assassinated by members of Croatian and Serbian organized crime groups.
4. Gary Shaw, English footballer births
  1. Gary Shaw (footballer, born 1961)
    
    Gary Robert Shaw is an English former football striker who played for Aston Villa in the early 1980s.
5. Piotr Ugrumov, Russian cyclist births
  1. Piotr Ugrumov
    
    Piotr Ugrumov is a former Russian professional road racing cyclist who participated for Latvia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, though he was a part of the Russian delegation at the 1996 Summer Olympics. His career as a professional lasted from 1989 to 1999, he had ten victories. Ugrumov finished second at the 1994 Tour de France. Between 1990-1996 he came in the Top 10 of seven Grand Tours, four in the Giro, two in the Tour and one in the Vuelta.
6. Blaise Cendrars, Swiss author and poet (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Blaise Cendrars
    
    Frédéric-Louis Sauser, better known as Blaise Cendrars, was a Swiss-born novelist and poet who became a naturalized French citizen in 1916. He was a writer of considerable influence in the European modernist movement.
1960
1. Sidney Lowe, American basketball player births
  1. Sidney Lowe
    
    Sidney Rochell Lowe is an American former basketball player and coach. He is currently an assistant coach for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Lowe played college basketball and served as the head coach at North Carolina State University.
2. Mike Terrana, American hard rock and heavy metal drummer births
  1. Mike Terrana
    
    Mike Terrana is an American hard rock and heavy metal drummer. His first professional work was in 1984 with the MCA band Hanover Fist from Toronto, Canada, after which he recorded and toured with other bands, playing many styles of music in western New York state. Between 1987 and 1997, he was based in Los Angeles and worked with various virtuoso guitarists, including Yngwie Malmsteen, Tony Macalpine, and Steve Lukather, and bands like Kuni and Beau Nasty.
1959
1. Sergei Alifirenko, Russian pistol shooter births
  1. Sergei Alifirenko
    
    Sergei Gennadievich Alifirenko is a Russian pistol shooter, originally from Armenia, specializing in the 25 m Rapid Fire Pistol event.
2. Alex McLeish, Scottish footballer and manager births
  1. Alex McLeish
    
    Alexander McLeish is a Scottish professional football manager and former player. He played as a defender for Aberdeen during their 1980s glory years, making nearly 500 League appearances for the club, and won 77 caps for Scotland.
3. Cecil B. DeMille, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1881) deaths
  1. Cecil B. DeMille
    
    Cecil Blount DeMille was an American film director, producer and actor. Between 1914 and 1958, he made 70 features, both silent and sound films. He is acknowledged as a founding father of the American cinema and the most commercially successful producer-director in film history. His films were distinguished by their epic scale and by his cinematic showmanship. His silent films included social dramas, comedies, Westerns, farces, morality plays, and historical pageants. He was an active Freemason and member of Prince of Orange Lodge #16 in New York City.
4. Frances Gertrude McGill, pioneering Canadian forensic pathologist (b. 1882) deaths
  1. Frances Gertrude McGill
    
    Frances Gertrude McGill was a Canadian forensic pathologist, criminologist, bacteriologist, allergologist and allergist. Nicknamed "the Sherlock Holmes of Saskatchewan" for her deductive skills and public fame, McGill influenced the development of forensic pathology in Canadian police work and was internationally noted for her expertise in the subject.
  2. Forensic pathology
    
    Forensic pathology is pathology that focuses on determining the cause of death by examining a corpse. A post mortem examination is performed by a medical examiner or forensic pathologist, usually during the investigation of criminal law cases and civil law cases in some jurisdictions. Coroners and medical examiners are also frequently asked to confirm the identity of remains.
5. Carl Switzer, American child actor and hunting guide (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Carl "Alfalfa" Switzer
    
    Carl Dean Switzer was an American singer, child actor, dog breeder, and guide. He was best known for his role as Alfalfa in the short subjects series Our Gang.
1958
1. Matt Salmon, American politician births
  1. Matt Salmon
    
    Matthew James Salmon is an American politician who served as a U.S. representative from Arizona from 1995 to 2001 and again from 2013 until 2017. A member of the Republican Party, he retired from office after representing Arizona's 5th congressional district. The district is based in Mesa and includes most of the East Valley; he previously represented Arizona's 1st congressional district. In 2002, he lost by less than 1% to Janet Napolitano in a highly competitive gubernatorial race. He regained a congressional seat in the 2012 election.
2. Hussein Saeed, Iraqi footballer births
  1. Hussein Saeed
    
    Hussein Saeed Mohammed is a retired Iraqi footballer who played as a forward for the Iraqi Premier League club Al-Talaba and the Iraqi national team and is a former president of the Iraq Football Association. Saeed is in ninth place in the list of top international goal scorers, with 78 goals. Along with Ahmed Radhi, he is considered to be the best Iraqi player of the 20th century and features in 25th place in Asia's Best Players of the Century list. Hussein is currently the Iraqi national team's highest scoring player with 78 goals.
3. Sergei Walter, Ukrainian politician (d. 2015) births
  1. Sergei Walter
    
    Sergei Georgievich Walter was a Ukrainian politician. He was the Secretary of the City Council of Melitopol, Ukraine (2002–2010) and Mayor of Melitopol (2010–2015).
4. Michael Wincott, Canadian actor births
  1. Michael Wincott
    
    Michael Anthony Claudio Wincott is a Canadian actor. His deep, raspy voice has often led to his being cast in villainous roles.
1956
1. Robby Benson, American actor and director births
  1. Robby Benson
    
    Robby Benson is an American actor and director. He rose to prominence as a teen idol in the late 1970s, appearing in the sports films One on One (1977) and Ice Castles (1978). He subsequently garnered more fame for portraying the voice of Beast in the Disney animated film Beauty and the Beast (1991) and its numerous sequels and spin-offs. He later directed television, including six episodes of the sitcom Friends.
2. Geena Davis, American actress and producer births
  1. Geena Davis
    
    Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis is an American actor and producer. She is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award.
1955
1. Peter Fleming, American tennis player births
  1. Peter Fleming (tennis)
    
    Peter Blair Fleming is an American former professional tennis player. In his doubles partnership with John McEnroe, he won 52 titles, of which seven were at Grand Slams. As a singles player, he peaked at world No. 8, winning three titles.
2. Jeff Koons, American painter and sculptor births
  1. Jeff Koons
    
    Jeffrey Lynn Koons is an American artist recognized for his work dealing with popular culture and his sculptures depicting everyday objects, including balloon animals produced in stainless steel with mirror-finish surfaces. He lives and works in both New York City and his hometown of York, Pennsylvania. His works have sold for substantial sums, including at least two record auction prices for a work by a living artist: US$58.4 million for Balloon Dog (Orange) in 2013 and US$91.1 million for Rabbit in 2019.
3. Nello Musumeci, Italian politician and President of Sicily births
  1. Nello Musumeci
    
    Sebastiano "Nello" Musumeci is a right-wing Italian politician. Musumeci is serving as Minister for Civil Protection and Sea Policies since 22 October 2022 in the government of Giorgia Meloni.
4. Archie Hahn, German-American runner and coach (b. 1880) deaths
  1. Archie Hahn
    
    Charles Archibald Hahn was an American track athlete and is widely regarded as one of the best sprinters of the early 20th century. He is the first athlete to win both the 100m and 200m race at the same Olympic Games.
1954
1. Thomas de Maizière, German politician of the Christian Democratic Union births
  1. Thomas de Maizière
    
    Karl Ernst Thomas de Maizière is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as Federal Minister of the Interior from 2009 to 2011 and 2013 to 2018, as well as Federal Minister of Defence from 2011 to 2013. He previously served as Head of the Chancellery and Federal Minister for Special Affairs in the First Merkel cabinet from 2005 to 2009. Since 2009, he has been a member of the Bundestag for Meißen.
2. Idrissa Ouedraogo, Burkinabé director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2018) births
  1. Idrissa Ouédraogo
    
    Idrissa Ouédraogo was a Burkinabé filmmaker. His work often explored the conflict between rural and city life and tradition and modernity in his native Burkina Faso and elsewhere in Africa. He is best known for his feature film Tilaï, which won the Grand Prix at the 1990 Cannes Film Festival and Samba Traoré (1993), which was nominated for the Silver Bear award at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival.
3. Phil Thompson, English footballer and coach births
  1. Phil Thompson
    
    Philip Bernard Thompson is an English retired footballer, who played as a defender for Liverpool team of the 1970s and 1980s. During this time, he also represented the England national football team on 42 occasions, and captained England on six occasions. After retiring as a player, he later served Liverpool as assistant manager and, during the 2001–02 season, acted as caretaker for 6 months while manager Gérard Houllier was ill. He was a pundit on Soccer Saturday on Sky Sports for 22 years until August 2020, does on and off work as a pundit for TV 2 (Norway), and is a regular Visiting Fellow at the University of Liverpool where he teaches on the Football Industries MBA.
1953
1. Paul Allen, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Microsoft (d. 2018) births
  1. Paul Allen
    
    Paul Gardner Allen was an American business magnate, computer programmer, researcher, investor, and philanthropist. He co-founded Microsoft Corporation with childhood friend Bill Gates in 1975, which helped spark the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s. Microsoft became the world's largest personal computer software company. Allen was ranked as the 44th-wealthiest person in the world by Forbes in 2018, with an estimated net worth of $20.3 billion at the time of his death.
  2. Microsoft
    
    Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washington, United States. Its best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 21 in the 2020 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2019. It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, and Meta.
2. Felipe Yáñez, Spanish cyclist births
  1. Felipe Yáñez
    
    Felipe Yáñez is a Spanish former professional racing cyclist. He rode in two editions of the Tour de France and nine editions of the Vuelta a España.
1952
1. Marco Camenisch, Swiss activist and murderer births
  1. Marco Camenisch
    
    Marco Camenisch is a Swiss anarchist and environmental activist. He currently serving a prison sentence for the murder of a border guard in Brusio, Switzerland, in 1989.
2. Werner Grissmann, Austrian alpine skier births
  1. Werner Grissmann
    
    Werner Grissmann is a retired Austrian alpine skier. He had his best achievements in the downhill event, winning a bronze medal at the 1978 World Championships and placing seventh at the 1980 Winter Olympics. He competed in the FIS Alpine Ski World Cup in 1972–1981 with the best result of eighth place in 1975.
3. Mikhail Umansky, Russian chess player (d. 2010) births
  1. Mikhail Umansky
    
    Mikhail Markovich Umansky was a Russian chess grandmaster of correspondence chess, who was the 13th ICCF World Champion in correspondence chess between 1989 and 1998. He was also USSR Correspondence Champion in 1978.
1951
1. Eric Holder, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 82nd United States Attorney General births
  1. Eric Holder
    
    Eric Himpton Holder Jr. is an American lawyer who served as the 82nd Attorney General of the United States from 2009 to 2015. Holder, serving in the administration of President Barack Obama, was the first African American to hold the position of U.S. attorney general.
  2. United States Attorney General
    
    The United States attorney general (AG) is the head of the United States Department of Justice, and is the chief law enforcement officer of the federal government of the United States. The attorney general serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all legal matters. The attorney general is a statutory member of the Cabinet of the United States.
1950
1. Marion Becker, German javelin thrower births
  1. Marion Becker
    
    Marion Becker is a German athlete who competed mainly in the javelin throw.
2. Gary Locke, American politician and diplomat, 36th United States Secretary of Commerce births
  1. Gary Locke
    
    Gary Faye Locke is an American politician and diplomat serving as the interim president of Bellevue College, the largest of the institutions that make up the Washington Community and Technical Colleges system. Locke served as the 21st governor of Washington (1997–2005), the 5th King County Executive (1994–1997), the 10th United States ambassador to China (2011–2014), and the United States Secretary of Commerce (2009–2011).
  2. United States Secretary of Commerce
    
    The United States secretary of commerce (SecCom) is the head of the United States Department of Commerce. The secretary serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters relating to commerce. The secretary reports directly to the president and is a statutory member of Cabinet of the United States. The secretary is appointed by the president, with the advice and consent of the United States Senate. The secretary of commerce is concerned with promoting American businesses and industries; the department states its mission to be "to foster, promote, and develop the foreign and domestic commerce".
3. José Marín, Spanish racewalker births
  1. José Marín (racewalker)
    
    José Marín Sospedra is a retired Spanish racewalker.
4. Billy Ocean, Trinidadian-English singer-songwriter births
  1. Billy Ocean
    
    Leslie Sebastian Charles,, better known by his stage name Billy Ocean, is a Trinidadian-British recording artist who had a string of R&B international pop hits in the 1970s and 1980s. He was the most popular British R&B singer-songwriter of the early to mid-1980s. After scoring his first four UK Top 20 singles including two No. 2 hits in 1976 and 1977, seven years passed before he accumulated a series of transatlantic successes, including three US No. 1's. His 1985 hit "When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going" reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in the US. In 1985, Ocean won the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his worldwide hit "Caribbean Queen " and in 1987 was nominated for the Brit Award for Best British Male Artist. His 1988 hit "Get Outta My Dreams, Get into My Car" reached No. 1 in the US and No. 3 in the UK. His 1986 hit "There'll Be Sad Songs " also reached No. 1 in the US.
5. Agnes van Ardenne, Dutch politician and diplomat, Dutch Minister for Development Cooperation births
  1. Agnes van Ardenne
    
    Anna Maria Agnes "Agnes" van Ardenne-Van der Hoeven is a retired Dutch politician and diplomat of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).
  2. Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (Netherlands)
    
    The Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation is a Minister without Portfolio in the Netherlands. The officeholder, who is a member of the Cabinet and the Council of Ministers, is assigned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The Minister is tasked with Trade and Export, Development Cooperation and International Environmental Policies. The current Minister

Important events in history on January 21 st

Events

Rocket Lab

Rocket Lab Electron

CubeSat

2017 Women's March

Human rights

2017 Women's March

Donald Trump

President of the United States

Rojava conflict

Jazira Region

Syria

2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations

Tirana

Republican Guard (Albania)

2011 Albanian opposition demonstrations

Tirana

Albania

Gaza Strip

Gaza War (2008–2009)

Belmopan

Belize

2005 Belize unrest

NASA

Spirit (rover)

Flash memory

2003 Colima earthquake

Colima

Ecuador

Lucio Gutiérrez

Jamil Mahuad

Gustavo Noboa

War on drugs

United States Coast Guard

Cocaine

United States House of Representatives

Newt Gingrich

Professional ethics

Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

United States House of Representatives

Newt Gingrich

Galaxy Airlines Flight 203

Reno–Tahoe International Airport

Reno, Nevada

DeLorean Motor Company

DMC DeLorean

DMC DeLorean

Dunmurry

Northern Ireland

United Kingdom

Iran Air Flight 291

Alborz

Mehrabad International Airport

Tehran

Iran

Concorde

Supersonic transport

Concorde

Tripura

Twipra Kingdom

States and union territories of India

Emley Moor transmitting station

Ultra high frequency

Cold War

Boeing B-52 Stratofortress

1968 Thule Air Base B-52 crash

Sea ice

Thule Air Base

Radioactive contamination

Vietnam War

People's Army of Vietnam

Khe Sanh Combat Base

United States Marine Corps

Quảng Trị province

South Vietnam

Battle of Khe Sanh

Vietnam War

Battle of Khe Sanh

Boeing B-52 Stratofortress

Important events in history
on January 21 ^st