Important events in history
on April 5 ^th

Events

2021
1. Nguyễn Xuân Phúc took office as President of Vietnam after dismissing the title of Prime Minister.
  1. Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
    
    Nguyễn Xuân Phúc is a Vietnamese politician currently serving as the President of Vietnam, one of the highest-ranked officials in Vietnam along with Nguyễn Phú Trọng, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Nguyễn Xuân Phúc ranked 2nd in the Communist Party's 13th Politburo behind Nguyễn Phú Trọng and was ranked 3rd in the 12th Politburo. Nguyễn Xuân Phúc is also a full member of the National Assembly, serving in its 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th terms. He was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam on 5 April 2021 after serving 5 years as Prime Minister of the country. Nguyễn Xuân Phúc became a member of the Communist Party of Vietnam on 12 November 1983.
  2. President of Vietnam
    
    The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the Vietnam National Assembly from delegates of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the president is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, formally after the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In addition, the president appoints the head of government, the Prime Minister. As head of state, the President represents Vietnam both domestically and internationally, and maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country.
  3. Prime Minister of Vietnam
    
    The prime minister of Vietnam, officially styled as the Prime Minister of the Government of the Socialist Republic, is the head of government of Vietnam who presides over the meetings of the Central Government. The prime minister directs the work of government members, and may propose deputy prime ministers to the National Assembly.
2010
1. An explosion at a coal mine in West Virginia killed 29 miners in the United States' worst mining disaster in 40 years.
  1. Coal mining
    
    Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United Kingdom and South Africa, a coal mine and its structures are a colliery, a coal mine is called a 'pit', and the above-ground structures are a 'pit head'. In Australia, "colliery" generally refers to an underground coal mine.
  2. West Virginia
    
    West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian, Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north and east, Maryland to the east and northeast, Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, and Ohio to the northwest. West Virginia is the 10th-smallest state by area and ranks as the 12th-least populous state, with a population of 1,793,716 residents. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
  3. Upper Big Branch Mine disaster
    
    The Upper Big Branch Mine disaster occurred on April 5, 2010 roughly 1,000 feet (300 m) underground in Raleigh County, West Virginia at Massey Energy's Upper Big Branch coal mine located in Montcoal. Twenty-nine out of thirty-one miners at the site were killed. The coal dust explosion occurred at 3:27 pm. The accident was the worst in the United States since 1970, when 38 miners were killed at Finley Coal Company's No. 15 and 16 mines in Hyden, Kentucky. A state funded independent investigation later found Massey Energy directly responsible for the blast.
2. Twenty-nine coal miners are killed in an explosion at the Upper Big Branch Mine in West Virginia.
  1. Upper Big Branch Mine disaster
    
    The Upper Big Branch Mine disaster occurred on April 5, 2010 roughly 1,000 feet (300 m) underground in Raleigh County, West Virginia at Massey Energy's Upper Big Branch coal mine located in Montcoal. Twenty-nine out of thirty-one miners at the site were killed. The coal dust explosion occurred at 3:27 pm. The accident was the worst in the United States since 1970, when 38 miners were killed at Finley Coal Company's No. 15 and 16 mines in Hyden, Kentucky. A state funded independent investigation later found Massey Energy directly responsible for the blast.
2009
1. The North Korean satellite Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 was launched from the Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground and passed over Japan, sparking concerns it may have been a trial run of technology that could be used to launch intercontinental ballistic missiles.
  1. Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
    
    Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 was a satellite launched by North Korea on April 5, 2009.
  2. Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground
    
    The Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground, also known as Musudan-ri, is a rocket launching site in North Korea.
  3. Intercontinental ballistic missile
    
    An intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) is a ballistic missile with a range greater than 5,500 kilometres (3,400 mi), primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery. Conventional, chemical, and biological weapons can also be delivered with varying effectiveness, but have never been deployed on ICBMs. Most modern designs support multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs), allowing a single missile to carry several warheads, each of which can strike a different target. Russia, the United States, China, France, India, the United Kingdom, and North Korea are the only countries known to have operational ICBMs.
2. North Korea launches its controversial Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 rocket. The satellite passed over mainland Japan, which prompted an immediate reaction from the United Nations Security Council, as well as participating states of Six-party talks.
  1. North Korea
    
    North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone. North Korea's border with South Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city.
  2. Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2
    
    Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 was a satellite launched by North Korea on April 5, 2009.
  3. Japan
    
    Japan is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 6852 islands covering 377,975 square kilometers (145,937 sq mi); the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. Tokyo is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto.
  4. United Nations Security Council
    
    The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter. Its powers include establishing peacekeeping operations, enacting international sanctions, and authorizing military action. The UNSC is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions on member states.
  5. Six-party talks
    
    The six-party talks aimed to find a peaceful resolution to the security concerns as a result of the North Korean nuclear weapons program. There was a series of meetings with six participating states in Beijing: China Japan North Korea South Korea Russia United States
2007
1. The cruise ship MS Sea Diamond strikes a volcanic reef near Nea Kameni and sinks the next day. Two passengers were never recovered and are presumed dead.
  1. Cruise ship
    
    Cruise ships are large passenger ships used mainly for vacationing. Unlike ocean liners, which are used for transport, cruise ships typically embark on round-trip voyages to various ports-of-call, where passengers may go on tours known as "shore excursions". On "cruises to nowhere" or "nowhere voyages", cruise ships make two- to three-night round trips without visiting any ports of call.
  2. MS Sea Diamond
    
    MS Sea Diamond was a cruise ship operated by Louis Hellenic Cruise Lines. She was built in 1984 by Valmet, Finland for Birka Line as Birka Princess. The ship ran aground near the Greek island of Santorini 5 April 2007, and sank the next day leaving two passengers missing and presumed dead.
  3. Nea Kameni
    
    Nea Kameni is a small uninhabited Greek island of volcanic origin located in the Aegean Sea, within the flooded Santorini caldera. Nea Kameni and the neighbouring small island Palea Kameni have formed over the past two millennia through repeated eruptions of dacite lava and ash. The Roman historian Cassius Dio records in the year 47 CE "This year a small islet, hitherto unknown, made an appearance close to the island of Thera." Cassius' report may refer to Palaia Kameni. Pliny the Elder reports a new island emerging on July 8, in the year of the consulship of M. Junius Silanus and L. Balbus, thus 19 CE.
2000
1. Fan violence broke out before a UEFA Cup semi-final in Istanbul, Turkey, resulting in two Leeds United supporters being stabbed to death and Galatasaray supporters being banned from attending the second leg in England.
  1. 2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence
    
    The 2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence in Istanbul, Turkey, between fans of English football team Leeds United and Turkish team Galatasaray before the first match of the UEFA Cup semi-final on 5 April 2000, led to two Leeds fans being stabbed to death by Galatasaray fans. Four men were arrested and charged with their murders. The deaths led to an angry reaction in England with Galatasaray fans being banned from attending the second leg in England.
  2. UEFA Europa League
    
    The UEFA Europa League, formerly the UEFA Cup, is an annual football club competition organised since 1971 by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) for eligible European football clubs. It is the second-tier competition of European club football, ranking below the UEFA Champions League and above the UEFA Europa Conference League. The UEFA Cup was the third-tier competition from 1971 to 1999 before the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was discontinued, and it is still often referred to as the “C3” in reference of this. Clubs qualify for the competition based on their performance in their national leagues and cup competitions.
  3. Leeds United F.C.
    
    Leeds United Football Club is a professional football club based in Leeds, West Yorkshire in England. The club competes in the Premier League, the highest level of England's football league system, and plays its home matches at Elland Road Stadium.
  4. Galatasaray S.K. (football)
    
    Galatasaray Spor Kulübü, also known as Galatasaray AŞ in UEFA competitions, is a Turkish professional football club based on the European side of the city of Istanbul in Turkey. It is the association football branch of the larger Galatasaray Sports Club of the same name, itself a part of the Galatasaray Community Cooperation Committee which includes Galatasaray High School where the football club was founded in October 1905 consisting entirely of student members. The team traditionally play in dark shades of red and yellow at home, with the shirts split down the middle between the two colours.
1999
1. Two Libyans suspected of bringing down Pan Am Flight 103 in 1988 are handed over for eventual trial in the Netherlands.
  1. History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
    
    Muammar Gaddafi became the de facto leader of Libya on 1 September 1969 after leading a group of young Libyan Army officers against King Idris I in a bloodless coup d'état. After the king had fled the country, the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) headed by Gaddafi abolished the monarchy and the old constitution and established the Libyan Arab Republic, with the motto "freedom, socialism and unity".
  2. Pan Am Flight 103
    
    Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via a stopover in London and another in New York City. The transatlantic leg of the route was operated by Clipper Maid of the Seas, a Boeing 747-121 registered N739PA. Shortly after 19:00 on 21 December 1988, while the aircraft was in flight over the Scottish town of Lockerbie, it was destroyed by a bomb that had been planted on board, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew in what became known as the Lockerbie bombing. Large sections of the aircraft crashed in a residential street in Lockerbie, killing 11 residents. With a total of 270 fatalities, it is the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the United Kingdom, as well as its deadliest aviation disaster.
  3. 1988
    
    1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1988th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 988th year of the 2nd millennium, the 88th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1980s decade.
1998
1. The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, the world's longest suspension bridge, linking Awaji Island and Kobe in Japan, opened to traffic.
  1. Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
    
    The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is a suspension bridge which links the city of Kobe on the Japanese island of Honshu to Iwaya on Awaji Island. It is part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, and crosses the busy and turbulent Akashi Strait. It was completed in 1998, and has the second longest central span of any suspension bridge in the world, at 1,991 metres (6,532 ft), only behind the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge that was opened in March 2022.
  2. List of longest suspension bridge spans
    
    The world's longest suspension bridges are listed according to the length of their main span. The length of main span is the most common method of comparing the sizes of suspension bridges, often correlating with the height of the towers and the engineering complexity involved in designing and constructing the bridge. If one bridge has a longer span than another it does not necessarily mean that the bridge is longer from shore to shore.
  3. Awaji Island
    
    Awaji Island is an island in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, in the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea between the islands of Honshū and Shikoku. The island has an area of 592.17 square kilometres. It is the largest island of the Seto Inland Sea.
  4. Kobe
    
    Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city after Kawasaki, the third-largest port city after Yokohama, and the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture. It is located on the southern side of the main island of Honshū, on the north shore of Osaka Bay and about 30 km (19 mi) west of Osaka. With a population around 1.5 million, the city is part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto.
2. In Japan, the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge opens to traffic, becoming the longest bridge span in the world.
  1. Japan
    
    Japan is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans an archipelago of 6852 islands covering 377,975 square kilometers (145,937 sq mi); the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa. Tokyo is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto.
  2. Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
    
    The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is a suspension bridge which links the city of Kobe on the Japanese island of Honshu to Iwaya on Awaji Island. It is part of the Kobe-Awaji-Naruto Expressway, and crosses the busy and turbulent Akashi Strait. It was completed in 1998, and has the second longest central span of any suspension bridge in the world, at 1,991 metres (6,532 ft), only behind the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge that was opened in March 2022.
1992
1. Alberto Fujimori, president of Peru, dissolves the Peruvian congress by military force.
  1. Alberto Fujimori
    
    Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto is a Peruvian statesman, professor and former engineer who was President of Peru from 28 July 1990 until 22 November 2000. Frequently described as a dictator, he remains a controversial figure in Peruvian politics; his government is credited with the creation of Fujimorism, defeating the Shining Path insurgency and restoring Peru's macroeconomic stability, though Fujimori ended his presidency by fleeing Peru for Japan amid a major scandal involving corruption and human rights abuses. Even amid his prosecution in 2008 for crimes against humanity relating to his presidency, two-thirds of Peruvians polled voiced approval for his leadership in that period.
  2. 1992 Peruvian self-coup d'état
    
    The 1992 Peruvian self-coup d'état, also known as the Fujimorazo, was a self-coup performed during a constitutional crisis that occurred in Peru after President Alberto Fujimori dissolved the Congress of Peru as well as the judiciary of Peru and assumed full legislative and judicial powers. With the collaboration of the military, the Fujimori government subsequently began to implement objectives of Plan Verde following the coup.
2. Peace protesters Suada Dilberovic and Olga Sučić are killed on the Vrbanja Bridge in Sarajevo, becoming the first casualties of the Bosnian War.
  1. Siege of Sarajevo
    
    The Siege of Sarajevo was a prolonged blockade of Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, during the Bosnian War. After it was initially besieged by the forces of the Yugoslav People's Army, the city was then besieged by the Army of Republika Srpska from 5 April 1992 to 29 February 1996. It lasted three times longer than the Battle of Stalingrad, more than a year longer than the siege of Leningrad, a few months longer than the siege of Madrid and the Siege of Deir ez-Zor, and was the longest siege of a capital city in the history of modern warfare.
  2. Suada and Olga bridge
    
    Suada and Olga Bridge, also known by its old name Vrbanja Bridge is a bridge across the Miljacka river in Sarajevo.
  3. Sarajevo
    
    Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area including Sarajevo Canton, East Sarajevo and nearby municipalities is home to 555,210 inhabitants. Located within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of the Balkans, a region of Southern Europe.
  4. Bosnian War
    
    The Bosnian War was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started on 6 April 1992, following a number of earlier violent incidents. The war ended on 14 December 1995 when the Dayton accords were signed. The main belligerents were the forces of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and those of Herzeg-Bosnia and Republika Srpska, proto-states led and supplied by Croatia and Serbia, respectively.
1991
1. An ASA EMB 120 crashes in Brunswick, Georgia, killing all 23 aboard including Sen. John Tower and astronaut Sonny Carter.
  1. Atlantic Southeast Airlines
    
    Atlantic Southeast Airlines (ASA) was a regional U.S. airline based in the A-Tech Center in College Park, Georgia, flying to 144 destinations as a Delta Connection carrier on behalf of Delta Air Lines via a code sharing agreement and, as of February 2010, commenced service as a United Express carrier on behalf of United Airlines via a separate code sharing agreement. It was a wholly owned subsidiary of SkyWest, Inc. ASA operated nearly 900 flights each day. Its main hub was located at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) which is also a hub for Delta. After a 2010 merger with ExpressJet, ASA adopted the ExpressJet name and branding in 2011.
  2. Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia
    
    The Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia is a twin-turboprop 30-passenger commuter airliner designed and manufactured by the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer.
  3. Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311
    
    Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311 was a regularly scheduled commuter flight in Georgia in the southeastern United States, from Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport to Glynco Jetport in Brunswick on April 5, 1991.
  4. Brunswick, Georgia
    
    Brunswick is a city in and the county seat of Glynn County in the U.S. state of Georgia. As the primary urban and economic center of the lower southeast portion of Georgia, it is the second-largest urban area on the Georgia coastline after Savannah and contains the Brunswick Old Town Historic District. At the 2020 U.S. census, the population of the city proper was 15,210; the Brunswick metropolitan area's population as of 2020 was 113,495.
  5. John Tower
    
    John Goodwin Tower was an American politician, serving as a Republican United States Senator from Texas from 1961 to 1985. He was the first Republican Senator elected from Texas since Reconstruction. Tower also led the Tower Commission, which investigated the Iran-Contra Affair, and was an unsuccessful nominee for U.S. Secretary of Defense in 1989.
  6. Sonny Carter
    
    Manley Lanier "Sonny" Carter Jr., M.D., , was an American chemist, physician, professional soccer player, naval officer and aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut who flew on STS-33.
1986
1. The Libyan secret service bombed a discotheque in West Berlin, resulting in three deaths and 229 others injured.
  1. West Berlin discotheque bombing
    
    On 5 April 1986, three people were killed and 229 injured when La Belle discothèque was bombed in the Friedenau district of West Berlin. The entertainment venue was commonly frequented by United States soldiers, and two of the dead and 79 of the injured were Americans.
  2. West Berlin
    
    West Berlin was a political enclave which comprised the western part of Berlin during the years of the Cold War; although the actual legal status of West Berlin was ambiguous, and the territorial claim by the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) was heavily disputed by the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries, West Berlin aligned itself politically with the FRG in 1949. West Berlin was directly or indirectly represented in its federal institutions.
1977
1. The US Supreme Court rules that congressional legislation that diminished the size of the Sioux people's reservation thereby destroyed the tribe's jurisdictional authority over the area in Rosebud Sioux Tribe v. Kneip.
  1. Supreme Court of the United States
    
    The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The court may decide cases having political overtones, but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions.
  2. Sioux
    
    The Sioux or Oceti Sakowin are groups of Native American tribes and First Nations peoples in North America. The modern Sioux consist of two major divisions based on language divisions: the Dakota and Lakota; collectively they are known as the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ. The term "Sioux" is an exonym created from a French transcription of the Ojibwe term "Nadouessioux", and can refer to any ethnic group within the Great Sioux Nation or to any of the nation's many language dialects.
1976
1. The Tiananmen Incident, a protest against the Chinese regime triggered by the death of Premier Zhou Enlai near the end of the Cultural Revolution, took place in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
  1. Tiananmen Square protests (disambiguation)
    
    The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre were student-led demonstrations in Beijing and the government response in 1989.
  2. Zhou Enlai
    
    Zhou Enlai was a Chinese statesman and military officer who served as the first premier of the People's Republic of China from 1 October 1949 until his death on 8 January 1976. Zhou served under Chairman Mao Zedong and helped the Communist Party rise to power, later helping consolidate its control, form its foreign policy, and develop the Chinese economy.
  3. Cultural Revolution
    
    The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. The Revolution marked the effective commanding return of Mao –who was still the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)– to the centre of power, after a period of self-abstention and ceding to less radical leadership in the aftermath of the Mao-led Great Leap Forward debacle and the Great Chinese Famine (1959–1961). The Revolution failed to achieve its main goals.
  4. Tiananmen Square
    
    Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square is a city square in the city center of Beijing, China, named after the eponymous Tiananmen located to its north, which separates it from the Forbidden City. The square contains the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum of China, and the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China in the square on October 1, 1949; the anniversary of this event is still observed there. The size of Tiananmen Square is 765 x 282 meters. It has great cultural significance as it was the site of several important events in Chinese history.
2. In China, the April Fifth Movement leads to the Tiananmen Incident.
  1. China
    
    China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. China also has a narrow maritime boundary with the disputed Taiwan. Covering an area of approximately 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions. The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai.
  2. 1976 Tiananmen Incident
    
    The Tiananmen Incident or the April 5 Tiananmen Incident was a mass gathering and protest that took place on April 4–5, 1976, at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The incident occurred on the traditional day of mourning, the Qingming Festival, after the Nanjing Incident, and was triggered by the death of Premier Zhou Enlai earlier that year. Some people strongly disapproved of the removal of the displays of mourning, and began gathering in the Square to protest against the central authorities, then largely under the auspices of the Gang of Four, who ordered the Square to be cleared.
1971
1. In Sri Lanka, Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna launches a revolt against the United Front government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike.
  1. Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna
    
    Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna is a Marxist–Leninist communist party and a former militant organization in Sri Lanka. The movement was involved in two armed uprisings against the government of Sri Lanka: once in 1971 (SLFP), and another in 1987–89 (UNP). The motive for both uprisings was to establish a socialist state.
  2. 1971 JVP insurrection
    
    The 1971 Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) insurrection was the first of two unsuccessful armed revolts conducted by the communist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) against the socialist United Front Government of Sri Lanka under Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike. The revolt began on 5 April 1971, and lasted until June of that year. The insurgents held towns and rural areas for several weeks, until the regions were recaptured by the armed forces, following strong support from friendly nations that sent men and material. Although this first attempt to seize power was quickly crushed by force, in 1987 the JVP launched a low intensity insurgency in the island's southern, central and western regions that lasted several years.
  3. United Front (Sri Lanka)
    
    The United Front was a political alliance in Sri Lanka, formed by the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), the Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) and the Communist Party of Sri Lanka (CPSL) in 1968. It came to power in the 1970 general election.
  4. Sirimavo Bandaranaike
    
    Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike, commonly known as Sirimavo Bandaranaike (මැතිනිය), was a Sri Lankan politician. She was the world's first female prime minister when she became Prime Minister of Sri Lanka in 1960. She chaired the Sri Lanka Freedom Party from 1960 to 1994 and served three terms as prime minister, two times as the chief executive, 1960 to 1965 and 1970 to 1977, and once again in a presidential system from 1994 to 2000, governing under the presidency of her daughter Chandrika Kumaratunga.
1969
1. Vietnam War: Massive antiwar demonstrations occur in many U.S. cities.
  1. Vietnam War
    
    The Vietnam War was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. The north was supported by the Soviet Union, China, and other communist states, while the south was supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies. The war is widely considered to be a Cold War-era proxy war. It lasted almost 20 years, with direct U.S. involvement ending in 1973. The conflict also spilled over into neighboring states, exacerbating the Laotian Civil War and the Cambodian Civil War, which ended with all three countries becoming communist states by 1975.
  2. Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War
    
    Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War (before) or anti-Vietnam War movement (present) began with demonstrations in 1965 against the escalating role of the United States in the Vietnam War and grew into a broad social movement over the ensuing several years. This movement informed and helped shape the vigorous and polarizing debate, primarily in the United States, during the second half of the 1960s and early 1970s on how to end the war.
1966
1. During the Buddhist Uprising, South Vietnamese military prime minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ personally attempted to lead the capture of the restive city of Đà Nẵng before backing down.
  1. Buddhist Uprising
    
    The Buddhist Uprising of 1966, or more widely known in Vietnam as the Crisis in Central Vietnam, was a period of civil and military unrest in South Vietnam, largely focused in the I Corps area in the north of the country in central Vietnam. The area is a heartland of Vietnamese Buddhism, and at the time, activist Buddhist monks and civilians were at the forefront of opposition to a series of military juntas that had been ruling the nation, as well as prominently questioning the escalation of the Vietnam War.
  2. South Vietnam
    
    South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam. It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon, before becoming a republic in 1955. South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975.
  3. Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
    
    Nguyễn Cao Kỳ was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who served as the chief of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force in the 1960s, before leading the nation as the prime minister of South Vietnam in a military junta from 1965 to 1967. Then, until his retirement from politics in 1971, he served as vice president to bitter rival General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, in a nominally civilian administration.
  4. Da Nang
    
    Da Nang or Danang is a class-1 municipality and the fifth-largest city in Vietnam by municipal population. It lies on the coast of the East Sea of Vietnam at the mouth of the Hàn River, and is one of Vietnam's most important port cities. As one of the country's five direct-controlled municipalities, it falls under the administration of the central government.
2. During the Buddhist Uprising, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ personally attempted to lead the capture of the restive city of Đà Nẵng before backing down.
  1. Buddhist Uprising
    
    The Buddhist Uprising of 1966, or more widely known in Vietnam as the Crisis in Central Vietnam, was a period of civil and military unrest in South Vietnam, largely focused in the I Corps area in the north of the country in central Vietnam. The area is a heartland of Vietnamese Buddhism, and at the time, activist Buddhist monks and civilians were at the forefront of opposition to a series of military juntas that had been ruling the nation, as well as prominently questioning the escalation of the Vietnam War.
  2. Nguyễn Cao Kỳ
    
    Nguyễn Cao Kỳ was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who served as the chief of the Republic of Vietnam Air Force in the 1960s, before leading the nation as the prime minister of South Vietnam in a military junta from 1965 to 1967. Then, until his retirement from politics in 1971, he served as vice president to bitter rival General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu, in a nominally civilian administration.
  3. Da Nang
    
    Da Nang or Danang is a class-1 municipality and the fifth-largest city in Vietnam by municipal population. It lies on the coast of the East Sea of Vietnam at the mouth of the Hàn River, and is one of Vietnam's most important port cities. As one of the country's five direct-controlled municipalities, it falls under the administration of the central government.
1958
1. Ripple Rock, an underwater threat to navigation in the Seymour Narrows in Canada is destroyed in one of the largest non-nuclear controlled explosions of the time.
  1. Ripple Rock
    
    Ripple Rock is an underwater mountain located in the Seymour Narrows of the Discovery Passage in British Columbia, Canada. It had two peaks that produced large, dangerous eddies from the strong tidal currents that flowed around them at low tide. Ships transiting the strait preferred to wait until slack tide in order to safely bypass the rock.
  2. Seymour Narrows
    
    Seymour Narrows is a 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) section of the Discovery Passage in British Columbia known for strong tidal currents. Discovery Passage lies between Vancouver Island at Menzies Bay, British Columbia and Quadra Island except at its northern end where the eastern shoreline is Sonora Island. The section known as Seymour Narrows begins about 18 km (11 mi) from the south end of Discovery Passage where it enters the Georgia Strait near Campbell River. For most of the length of the narrows, the channel is about 750 metres (820 yd) wide. Through this narrow channel, currents can reach 15 knots.
  3. Canada
    
    Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest binational land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
1956
1. Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro declares himself at war with Cuban President Fulgencio Batista.
  1. Cuban Revolution
    
    The Cuban Revolution was carried out after the 1952 Cuban coup d'état which placed Fulgencio Batista as head of state and the failed mass strike in opposition that followed. After failing to contest Batista in court Fidel Castro organized an armed attack on the Cuban military's Moncada Barracks. The rebels were arrested and while in prison formed the 26th of July Movement. After gaining amnesty the M-26-7 rebels organized an expedition from Mexico on the Granma yacht to invade Cuba. In the following years the M-26-7 rebel army would slowly defeat the Cuban army in the countryside, while its urban wing would engage in sabotage and rebel army recruitment. Over time the originally critical and ambivalent Popular Socialist Party would come to support the 26th of July Movement in late 1958. By the time the rebels were to oust Batista the revolution was being driven by the Popular Socialist Party, 26th of July Movement, and the Directorio Revolucionario Estudiantil.
  2. Fidel Castro
    
    Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society.
  3. President of Cuba
    
    The president of Cuba, officially the president of the Republic of Cuba, is the head of state of Cuba. The office in its current form was established under the Constitution of 2019. The President is the second-highest office in Cuba and the highest state office. Miguel Díaz-Canel became President of the Council of State on 19 April 2018, taking over from Raúl Castro, and has been President of Cuba since 10 October 2019.
  4. Fulgencio Batista
    
    Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar was a Cuban military officer and politician who served as the elected president of Cuba from 1940 to 1944 and as its U.S.-backed military dictator from 1952 to 1959, when he was overthrown by the Cuban Revolution.
1955
1. Aware that he was slowing down both physically and mentally in his old age, Winston Churchill retired as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
  1. Winston Churchill
    
    Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924.
  2. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    
    The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern prime ministers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the House of Commons, they sit as members of Parliament.
1951
1. Cold War: Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are sentenced to death for spying for the Soviet Union.
  1. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
    
    Julius Rosenberg and Ethel Rosenberg were American citizens who were convicted of spying on behalf of the Soviet Union. The couple were convicted of providing top-secret information about radar, sonar, jet propulsion engines, and valuable nuclear weapon designs. Convicted of espionage in 1951, they were executed by the federal government of the United States in 1953 at Sing Sing Correctional Facility in Ossining, New York, becoming the first American civilians to be executed for such charges and the first to receive that penalty during peacetime.
  2. Espionage
    
    Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information (intelligence) from non-disclosed sources or divulging of the same without the permission of the holder of the information for a tangible benefit. A person who commits espionage is called an espionage agent or spy. Any individual or spy ring, in the service of a government, company, criminal organization, or independent operation, can commit espionage. The practice is clandestine, as it is by definition unwelcome. In some circumstances, it may be a legal tool of law enforcement and in others, it may be illegal and punishable by law.
  3. Soviet Union
    
    The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.
1949
1. A fire in a hospital in Effingham, Illinois, kills 77 people and leads to nationwide fire code improvements in the United States.
  1. St. Anthony's Hospital fire
    
    St. Anthony's Hospital fire was a disaster that occurred on April 4, 1949 in Effingham, Illinois. The disaster killed 74 people at the hospital. It is used as a prime example of possible fire hazards hospitals could and can have. St. Anthony's Hospital in Effingham, Illinois, was operated by the Sisters of St. Francis, who lived in a convent next door.
  2. Effingham, Illinois
    
    Effingham is a city in and the county seat of Effingham County, Illinois, United States. It is in South Central Illinois. Its population was 12,252 at the 2020 census. The city is part of the Effingham, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area.
1946
1. Soviet troops end their year-long occupation of the Danish island of Bornholm.
  1. Soviet Union
    
    The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.
  2. Bornholm
    
    Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea, to the east of the rest of Denmark, south of Sweden, northeast of Germany and north of Poland.
2. A Fleet Air Arm Vickers Wellington crashes into a residential area in Rabat, Malta during a training exercise, killing all 4 crew members and 16 civilians on the ground.
  1. Fleet Air Arm
    
    The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy and is responsible for the delivery of naval air power both from land and at sea. The Fleet Air Arm operates the F-35 Lightning II for maritime strike, the AW159 Wildcat and AW101 Merlin for commando and anti-submarine warfare and the BAE Hawk as an aggressor.
  2. Vickers Wellington
    
    The Vickers Wellington was a British twin-engined, long-range medium bomber. It was designed during the mid-1930s at Brooklands in Weybridge, Surrey. Led by Vickers-Armstrongs' chief designer Rex Pierson; a key feature of the aircraft is its geodetic airframe fuselage structure, which was principally designed by Barnes Wallis. Development had been started in response to Air Ministry Specification B.9/32, issued in the middle of 1932, for a bomber for the Royal Air Force.
  3. 1946 Rabat Vickers Wellington crash
    
    The 1946 Rabat Vickers Wellington crash was a military aviation accident that occurred in Malta on 5 April 1946 when a Vickers Wellington bomber crashed during a training exercise in a residential area in Rabat. All four crew members on board the aircraft and 16 civilians on the ground were killed. The crash also caused extensive property damage. The exact cause was never conclusively determined, but a magisterial inquiry suggested that leakage of hydraulic fluid leading to crew incapacitation could be a probable cause.
  4. Rabat, Malta
    
    Rabat is a town in the Northern Region of Malta, with a population of 11,497 as of March 2014. It adjoins the ancient capital city of Mdina, and a north-western area formed part of the Roman city of Melite until its medieval retrenchment. The Apostolic Nunciature of the Holy See to the Republic of Malta is seated in this village. The Local Council of Rabat is also the administrator of Baħrija. Parts of the films Munich and Black Eagle were shot in Rabat. In December 1999, Mtarfa was split from Rabat to form a separate Local Council by Act XXI, an amendment to the Local Council Act of 1993.
  5. Crown Colony of Malta
    
    The Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies was the British colony in the Maltese islands, today the modern Republic of Malta. It was established when the Malta Protectorate was transformed into a British Crown colony in 1813, and this was confirmed by the Treaty of Paris in 1814.
1945
1. Cold War: Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito signs an agreement with the Soviet Union to allow "temporary entry of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory".
  1. Cold War
    
    The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. Historians do not fully agree on its starting and ending points, but the period is generally considered to span from the announcement of the Truman Doctrine on 12 March 1947 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991. The term cold war is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race.
  2. Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
    
    The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yugoslavia occurring as a consequence of the Yugoslav Wars. Spanning an area of 255,804 square kilometres (98,766 sq mi) in the Balkans, Yugoslavia was bordered by the Adriatic Sea and Italy to the west, by Austria and Hungary to the north, by Bulgaria and Romania to the east, and by Albania and Greece to the south. It was a one-party socialist state and federation governed by the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, and had six constituent republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Within Serbia was the Yugoslav capital city of Belgrade as well as two autonomous Yugoslav provinces: Kosovo and Vojvodina.
  3. Josip Broz Tito
    
    Josip Broz, commonly known as Tito, was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he was the leader of the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. He also served as the president of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 14 January 1953 until his death on 4 May 1980.
  4. Soviet Union
    
    The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.
1944
1. Siegfried Lederer, a Czech Jew, escaped from Auschwitz with the aid of an SS officer who opposed the Holocaust.
  1. History of the Jews in the Czech lands
    
    The history of the Jews in the Czech lands, which include the modern Czech Republic as well as Bohemia, Czech Silesia and Moravia, goes back many centuries. There is evidence that Jews have lived in Moravia and Bohemia since as early as the 10th century. As of 2005, there were approximately 4,000 Jews living in the Czech Republic.
  2. Siegfried Lederer's escape from Auschwitz
    
    On the night of 5 April 1944, Siegfried Lederer, a Czech Jew, escaped from the Auschwitz concentration camp wearing an SS uniform provided by SS-Rottenführer Viktor Pestek. Pestek opposed the Holocaust; he was a devout Catholic and was infatuated with Renée Neumann, a Jewish prisoner. Pestek accompanied Lederer out of the camp, and the two men traveled together to the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to obtain false documents for Neumann and her mother.
  3. SS-Totenkopfverbände
    
    SS-Totenkopfverbände was the Schutzstaffel (SS) organization responsible for administering the Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps for Nazi Germany, among similar duties. While the Totenkopf was the universal cap badge of the SS, the SS-TV also wore this insignia on the right collar tab to distinguish itself from other SS formations.
  4. The Holocaust
    
    The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out in pogroms and mass shootings; by a policy of extermination through labor in concentration camps; and in gas chambers and gas vans in German extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bełżec, Chełmno, Majdanek, Sobibór, and Treblinka in occupied Poland.
1943
1. World War II: United States Army Air Forces bomber aircraft accidentally cause more than 900 civilian deaths, including 209 children, and 1,300 wounded among the civilian population of the Belgian town of Mortsel. Their target was the Erla factory one kilometer from the residential area hit.
  1. United States Army Air Forces
    
    The United States Army Air Forces was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and de facto aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II (1941–1945). It was created on 20 June 1941 as successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps and is the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force, today one of the six armed forces of the United States. The AAF was a component of the United States Army, which on 2 March 1942 was divided functionally by executive order into three autonomous forces: the Army Ground Forces, the United States Army Services of Supply, and the Army Air Forces. Each of these forces had a commanding general who reported directly to the Army Chief of Staff.
  2. Mortsel
    
    Mortsel is a city and municipality close to the city of Antwerp located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the city of Mortsel proper. In 2021, Mortsel had a total population of 26,170 people. The total area is 7.78 km².
1942
1. World War II: Adolf Hitler issues Fuhrer Directive No. 41 summarizing Case Blue, including the German Sixth Army's planned assault on Stalingrad.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Adolf Hitler
    
    Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany from 1933 until his death in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. During his dictatorship, he initiated World War II in Europe by invading Poland on 1 September 1939. He was closely involved in military operations throughout the war and was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust: the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims.
  3. Case Blue
    
    Case Blue was the German Armed Forces' plan for the 1942 strategic summer offensive in southern Russia between 28 June and 24 November 1942, during World War II. The objective was to capture the oil fields of Baku, Grozny and Maikop for two purposes: to enable the Germans to re-supply their low fuel stock and also to deny their use to the Soviet Union, thereby bringing about the complete collapse of the Soviet war effort.
  4. 6th Army (Wehrmacht)
    
    The 6th Army was a field army unit of the German Wehrmacht during World War II (1939–1945). It was widely remembered for being the most highly decorated German army unit until its defeat by the Red Army at the Battle of Stalingrad in the winter of 1942–1943. It also acquired a reputation for the war crimes that it committed under the command of Field Marshal Walther von Reichenau during Operation Barbarossa.
  5. Battle of Stalingrad
    
    The Battle of Stalingrad was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II where Nazi Germany and its allies unsuccessfully fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in Southern Russia. The battle was marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids, with the battle epitomizing urban warfare. The Battle of Stalingrad was the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War and is one of the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare, with an estimated 2 million total casualties. Today, the Battle of Stalingrad is universally regarded as the turning point in the European Theatre of war, as it forced the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht to withdraw considerable military forces from other areas in occupied Europe to replace German losses on the Eastern Front, ending with the rout of the six field armies of Army Group B, including the destruction of Nazi Germany's 6th Army and an entire corps of its 4th Panzer Army. The victory at Stalingrad energized the Red Army and shifted the balance of power in the favour of the Soviets.
2. World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy launches a carrier-based air attack on Colombo, Ceylon during the Indian Ocean raid. Port and civilian facilities are damaged and the Royal Navy cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire are sunk southwest of the island.
  1. Imperial Japanese Navy
    
    The Imperial Japanese Navy was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrender in World War II. The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) was formed between 1952–1954 after the dissolution of the IJN.
  2. Easter Sunday Raid
    
    The Easter Sunday Raid was an air attack on Colombo, Ceylon during the Indian Ocean raid by carrier-based aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy on 5 April 1942. The Japanese objective was to destroy the Ceylon-based British Eastern Fleet in harbour. The British preemptively dispersed shipping from the harbours before the attacks due to advance warning from intelligence in March 1942, and air reconnaissance during the raid.
  3. Sri Lanka
    
    Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia. It lies in the Indian Ocean, southwest of the Bay of Bengal, and southeast of the Arabian Sea; it is separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait. Sri Lanka shares a maritime border with India and the Maldives. Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is its legislative capital, and Colombo is its largest city and financial centre.
  4. Indian Ocean raid
    
    The Indian Ocean raid, also known as Operation C or Battle of Ceylon in Japanese, was a naval sortie carried out by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) from 31 March to 10 April 1942. Japanese aircraft carriers under Admiral Chūichi Nagumo struck Allied shipping and naval bases around Ceylon, but failed to locate and destroy the bulk of the British Eastern Fleet. The Eastern Fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir James Somerville, was forewarned by intelligence and sailed from its bases prior to the raid; its attempt to attack the Japanese was frustrated by poor tactical intelligence.
  5. Royal Navy
    
    The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service.
  6. Cruiser
    
    A cruiser is a type of warship. Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet after aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships, and can usually perform several roles.
  7. HMS Cornwall (56)
    
    HMS Cornwall, pennant number 56, was a County-class heavy cruiser of the Kent sub-class built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1920s. The ship spent most of her pre-World War II career assigned to the China Station. Shortly after the war began in August 1939, she was assigned to search for German commerce raiders in the Indian Ocean. Cornwall was transferred to the South Atlantic in late 1939 where she escorted convoys before returning to the Indian Ocean in 1941. She then sank the German auxiliary cruiser Pinguin in May. After the start of the Pacific War in December 1941, she began escorting convoys until she was transferred to the Eastern Fleet in March 1942. The ship was sunk on 5 April by dive bombers from three Japanese aircraft carriers during the Indian Ocean Raid.
  8. HMS Dorsetshire (40)
    
    HMS Dorsetshire was a County-class heavy cruiser of the British Royal Navy, named after the English county, now usually known as Dorset. The ship was a member of the Norfolk sub-class, of which Norfolk was the only other unit; the County class comprised a further eleven ships in two other sub-classes. Dorsetshire was built at the Portsmouth Dockyard; her keel was laid in September 1927, she was launched in January 1929, and was completed in September 1930. Dorsetshire was armed with a main battery of eight 8 in (200 mm) guns, and had a top speed of 31.5 knots.
1936
1. An F5 tornado struck Tupelo, Mississippi, killing at least 216 people during one of the deadliest tornado outbreaks in U.S. history.
  1. Fujita scale
    
    The Fujita scale, or Fujita–Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns, weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
  2. Tupelo, Mississippi
    
    Tupelo is a city in and the county seat of Lee County, Mississippi, United States. With an estimated population of 38,300, Tupelo is the sixth-largest city in Mississippi and is considered a commercial, industrial, and cultural hub of North Mississippi.
  3. 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak
    
    On April 5–6, 1936, an outbreak of at least 12 tornadoes struck the Southeastern United States. Approximately 454 people were killed by these tornadoes—419 by two tornadoes alone. This outbreak is the second deadliest ever recorded in US history. Although the outbreak was centered on Tupelo, Mississippi, and Gainesville, Georgia, where the fourth and fifth deadliest tornadoes in U.S. history respectively occurred, other destructive tornadoes associated with the outbreak struck Columbia, Tennessee; Anderson, South Carolina; and Acworth, Georgia.
2. Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak: An F5 tornado kills 233 in Tupelo, Mississippi.
  1. 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak
    
    On April 5–6, 1936, an outbreak of at least 12 tornadoes struck the Southeastern United States. Approximately 454 people were killed by these tornadoes—419 by two tornadoes alone. This outbreak is the second deadliest ever recorded in US history. Although the outbreak was centered on Tupelo, Mississippi, and Gainesville, Georgia, where the fourth and fifth deadliest tornadoes in U.S. history respectively occurred, other destructive tornadoes associated with the outbreak struck Columbia, Tennessee; Anderson, South Carolina; and Acworth, Georgia.
  2. Fujita scale
    
    The Fujita scale, or Fujita–Pearson scale, is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. The official Fujita scale category is determined by meteorologists and engineers after a ground or aerial damage survey, or both; and depending on the circumstances, ground-swirl patterns, weather radar data, witness testimonies, media reports and damage imagery, as well as photogrammetry or videogrammetry if motion picture recording is available. The Fujita scale was replaced with the Enhanced Fujita scale (EF-Scale) in the United States in February 2007. In April 2013, Canada adopted the EF-Scale over the Fujita scale along with 31 "Specific Damage Indicators" used by Environment Canada (EC) in their ratings.
  3. Tupelo, Mississippi
    
    Tupelo is a city in and the county seat of Lee County, Mississippi, United States. With an estimated population of 38,300, Tupelo is the sixth-largest city in Mississippi and is considered a commercial, industrial, and cultural hub of North Mississippi.
1933
1. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs two executive orders: 6101 to establish the Civilian Conservation Corps, and 6102 "forbidding the Hoarding of Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates" by U.S. citizens.
  1. Franklin D. Roosevelt
    
    Franklin Delano Roosevelt, often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the leader of the Democratic Party, he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century. Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history. He built the New Deal Coalition, which defined modern liberalism in the United States throughout the middle third of the 20th century. His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II, which ended in victory shortly after he died in office.
  2. Executive order
    
    In the United States, an executive order is a directive by the president of the United States that manages operations of the federal government. The legal or constitutional basis for executive orders has multiple sources. Article Two of the United States Constitution gives presidents broad executive and enforcement authority to use their discretion to determine how to enforce the law or to otherwise manage the resources and staff of the executive branch. The ability to make such orders is also based on expressed or implied Acts of Congress that delegate to the president some degree of discretionary power. The vast majority of executive orders are proposed by federal agencies before being issued by the president.
  3. Civilian Conservation Corps
    
    The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a voluntary government work relief program that ran from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men ages 18–25 and eventually expanded to ages 17–28. The CCC was a major part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal that supplied manual labor jobs related to the conservation and development of natural resources in rural lands owned by federal, state, and local governments. The CCC was designed to supply jobs for young men and to relieve families who had difficulty finding jobs during the Great Depression in the United States
  4. Executive Order 6102
    
    Executive Order 6102 is an executive order signed on April 5, 1933, by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt "forbidding the hoarding of gold coin, gold bullion, and gold certificates within the continental United States." The executive order was made under the authority of the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, as amended by the Emergency Banking Act in March 1933.
2. Andorran Revolution: The Young Andorrans occupy the Casa de la Vall and force the government to hold democratic elections with universal male suffrage.
  1. Andorran Revolution
    
    The Andorran Revolution, also known as the Revolution of 1933, was a democratic uprising led by the Young Andorrans that called for political reforms, universal suffrage for all Andorrans and acted in defense of the rights of local and foreign workers during the construction of FHASA's hydroelectric power station in Encamp. On April 5, 1933, the Young Andorrans seized the Andorran Parliament. These actions were preceded by the arrival of Colonel René-Jules Baulard with 50 gendarmes and the mobilization of 200 local militias or sometent led by the Síndic Francesc Cairat.
  2. Unió Andorrana
    
    The Andorran Union was an Andorran political formation established in 1933, during the heat of the Andorran Revolution. The formation defended universal male suffrage, the creation of a status of Andorran nationality and the General Council that was dismissed by the French occupation forces.
  3. Casa de la Vall
    
    Casa de la Vall is a historical house in Andorra la Vella, Andorra. It is the headquarters of the General Council of Andorra. It lies just to the southwest of the Andorra National Library. It is a heritage property registered in the Cultural Heritage of Andorra.
  4. 1933 Andorran parliamentary election
    
    Parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 31 August 1933, the first held under universal male suffrage. The extension of the franchise to all men over 21 followed social unrest referred to as the Andorran Revolution. As political parties were not legalised until 1993, all candidates ran as independents.
  5. Universal manhood suffrage
    
    Universal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult male citizens within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote".
1932
1. Dominion of Newfoundland: Ten thousand rioters seize the Colonial Building leading to the end of self-government.
  1. Dominion of Newfoundland
    
    Newfoundland was a British dominion in eastern North America, today the modern Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It was established on 26 September 1907, and confirmed by the Balfour Declaration of 1926 and the Statute of Westminster of 1931. It included the island of Newfoundland, and Labrador on the continental mainland. Newfoundland was one of the original dominions within the meaning of the Balfour Declaration and accordingly enjoyed a constitutional status equivalent to the other dominions of the time.
  2. 1932 Colonial Building riot
    
    The Colonial Building riot was a riot that occurred in front of the Colonial Building in St. John's, Newfoundland, on April 5, 1932. Prompted by the Great Depression and corruption in the Squires administration, a peaceful protest degenerated into riots and violence. The riots led to the fall of the Squires government and the defeat of Squires's Liberal Party.
  3. Colonial Building
    
    The Colonial Building is a historic government building located in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The building was the home of the colonial and later provincial Newfoundland government and the House of Assembly from January 28, 1850 to July 28, 1959. In 1974, it was declared a Provincial Historic Site.
1922
1. The American Birth Control League, forerunner of Planned Parenthood, is incorporated.
  1. American Birth Control League
    
    The American Birth Control League (ABCL) was founded by Margaret Sanger in 1921 at the First American Birth Control Conference in New York City. The organization promoted the founding of birth control clinics and encouraged women to control their own fertility. In 1942, the league became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.
  2. Planned Parenthood
    
    The Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc. (PPFA), or simply Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive health care in the United States and globally. It is a tax-exempt corporation under Internal Revenue Code section 501(c)(3) and a member association of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF).
1910
1. The Transandine Railway connecting Chile and Argentina is inaugurated.
  1. Transandine Railway
    
    The Transandine Railway was a 1,000 mm metre gauge combined rack and adhesion railway which operated from Mendoza in Argentina, across the Andes mountain range via the Uspallata Pass, to Santa Rosa de Los Andes in Chile, a distance of 248 km. The railway has been out of service since 1984, and has been partly dismantled. There has been talk about restoring the railway, but there is currently no indication of any restorative work underway.
1902
1. A spectator stand collapsed (pictured) during a Scotland–England football match at Ibrox Park, Govan, killing 25 supporters and injuring more than 500 others.
  1. 1902 Ibrox disaster
    
    The 1902 Ibrox disaster was the collapse of a stand at Ibrox Park in Govan, Scotland. The incident led to the deaths of 25 supporters and injuries to 500 more during an international association football match between Scotland and England on 5 April 1902 as part of the 1901–02 British Home Championship.
  2. Scotland national football team
    
    The Scotland national football team represents Scotland in men's international football and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association. It competes in the three major professional tournaments: the FIFA World Cup, UEFA Nations League and the UEFA European Championship. Scotland, as a country of the United Kingdom, is not a member of the International Olympic Committee, and therefore the national team does not compete in the Olympic Games. The majority of Scotland's home matches are played at the national stadium, Hampden Park.
  3. England national football team
    
    The England national football team has represented England in international football since the first international match in 1872. It is controlled by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. England competes in the three major international tournaments contested by European nations: the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship, and the UEFA Nations League.
  4. Ibrox Stadium
    
    Ibrox Stadium is a football stadium on the south side of the River Clyde in the Ibrox area of Glasgow, Scotland. The home of Rangers Football Club, Ibrox is the third largest football stadium in Scotland, with an all-seated capacity of 50,817.
  5. Govan
    
    Govan is a district, parish, and former burgh now part of south-west City of Glasgow, Scotland. It is situated 2.5 miles (4.0 km) west of Glasgow city centre, on the south bank of the River Clyde, opposite the mouth of the River Kelvin and the district of Partick. Historically it was part of the County of Lanark.
2. A stand box collapses at Ibrox Park (now Ibrox Stadium) in Glasgow, Scotland, which led to the deaths of 25 and injuries to more than 500 supporters during an international association football match between Scotland and England.
  1. 1902 Ibrox disaster
    
    The 1902 Ibrox disaster was the collapse of a stand at Ibrox Park in Govan, Scotland. The incident led to the deaths of 25 supporters and injuries to 500 more during an international association football match between Scotland and England on 5 April 1902 as part of the 1901–02 British Home Championship.
  2. Ibrox Stadium
    
    Ibrox Stadium is a football stadium on the south side of the River Clyde in the Ibrox area of Glasgow, Scotland. The home of Rangers Football Club, Ibrox is the third largest football stadium in Scotland, with an all-seated capacity of 50,817.
  3. Glasgow
    
    Glasgow is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated population of 635,640. Straddling the border between historic Lanarkshire and Renfrewshire, the city now forms the Glasgow City Council area, one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and is governed by Glasgow City Council. It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
  4. Association football
    
    Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposition by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular framed goal defended by the opposing side. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45 minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries, it is considered the world's most popular sport.
  5. Scotland national football team
    
    The Scotland national football team represents Scotland in men's international football and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association. It competes in the three major professional tournaments: the FIFA World Cup, UEFA Nations League and the UEFA European Championship. Scotland, as a country of the United Kingdom, is not a member of the International Olympic Committee, and therefore the national team does not compete in the Olympic Games. The majority of Scotland's home matches are played at the national stadium, Hampden Park.
  6. England national football team
    
    The England national football team has represented England in international football since the first international match in 1872. It is controlled by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. England competes in the three major international tournaments contested by European nations: the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship, and the UEFA Nations League.
1879
1. Bolivia declares war on Chile, and Chile declares war on Peru, starting the War of the Pacific.
  1. Bolivia
    
    Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to the north and east, Paraguay to the southeast, Argentina to the south, Chile to the southwest and Peru to the west. The seat of government and executive capital is La Paz, while the constitutional capital is Sucre. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Llanos Orientales, a mostly flat region in the east of the country.
  2. Chile
    
    Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Chile covers an area of 756,096 square kilometers (291,930 sq mi), with a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. It shares land borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the north-east, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chile also controls the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. It also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The country's capital and largest city is Santiago, and its national language is Spanish.
  3. Peru
    
    Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1.28 million km2, Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.
  4. War of the Pacific
    
    The War of the Pacific, also known as the Saltpeter War and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Chilean claims on coastal Bolivian territory in the Atacama Desert, the war ended with a Chilean victory, which gained for the country a significant amount of resource-rich territory from Peru and Bolivia.
1862
1. American Civil War: The Battle of Yorktown begins.
  1. American Civil War
    
    The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union and the Confederacy, the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction.
  2. Siege of Yorktown (1862)
    
    The Battle of Yorktown or Siege of Yorktown was fought from April 5 to May 4, 1862, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. Marching from Fort Monroe, Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac encountered Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder's small Confederate force at Yorktown behind the Warwick Line. McClellan suspended his march up the Peninsula toward Richmond and settled in for siege operations.
1847
1. Birkenhead Park, generally acknowledged as the world's first publicly funded civic park, opened in Birkenhead, England.
  1. Birkenhead Park
    
    Birkenhead Park is a major public park located in the centre of Birkenhead, Merseyside, England. It was designed by Joseph Paxton and opened on 5 April 1847. It is generally acknowledged as the first publicly funded civic park in the world. The park was designated a conservation area in 1977 and declared a Grade I listed landscape by English Heritage in 1995. The park influenced the design of Central Park in New York and Sefton Park in Liverpool.
  2. Birkenhead
    
    Birkenhead is a town and ferry port in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside, England; historically, it was part of Cheshire until 1974. The town is on the Wirral Peninsula, along the south bank of the River Mersey, opposite the city of Liverpool. At the 2011 census, it had a population of 88,818.
1818
1. In the Battle of Maipú, Chile's independence movement, led by Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, win a decisive victory over Spain, leaving 2,000 Spaniards and 1,000 Chilean patriots dead.
  1. Battle of Maipú
    
    The Battle of Maipú was a battle fought near Santiago, Chile on April 5, 1818, between South American rebels and Spanish royalists, during the Chilean War of Independence. The Patriot rebels led by Argentine general José de San Martín effectively destroyed the Spanish forces commanded by General Mariano Osorio, and completed the independence of the core area of Chile from Spanish domination.
  2. Chile
    
    Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Chile covers an area of 756,096 square kilometers (291,930 sq mi), with a population of 17.5 million as of 2017. It shares land borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the north-east, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chile also controls the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. It also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory. The country's capital and largest city is Santiago, and its national language is Spanish.
  3. Bernardo O'Higgins
    
    Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. He was a wealthy landowner of Basque-Spanish and Irish ancestry. Although he was the second Supreme Director of Chile (1817–1823), he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers, as he was the first holder of this title to head a fully independent Chilean state.
  4. José de San Martín
    
    José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras, known simply as José de San Martín or the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru, was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru. Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, in modern-day Argentina, he left the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata at the early age of seven to study in Málaga, Spain.
1795
1. Peace of Basel between France and Prussia is made.
  1. Peace of Basel
    
    The Peace of Basel of 1795 consists of three peace treaties involving France during the French Revolution.The first was with Prussia on 5 April; The second was with Spain on 22 July, ending the War of the Pyrenees; and The third was with the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel on 28 August, concluding the stage of the French Revolutionary Wars against the First Coalition.
  2. Prussia
    
    Prussia was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was de facto dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and de jure by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany.
1792
1. United States President George Washington exercises his authority to veto a bill, the first time this power is used in the United States.
  1. George Washington
    
    George Washington was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army, Washington led the Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War and served as the president of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which created the Constitution of the United States and the American federal government. Washington has been called the "Father of his Country" for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the country.
  2. Veto power in the United States
    
    In the United States, the president can use the veto power to prevent a bill passed by the Congress from becoming law. Congress can override the veto by a two-thirds vote of both chambers.
1710
1. The Statute of Anne, the first legislation in Great Britain providing for copyright regulated by the government and courts, received royal assent and entered into force five days later.
  1. Statute of Anne
    
    The Statute of Anne, also known as the Copyright Act 1710, was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain passed in 1710, which was the first statute to provide for copyright regulated by the government and courts, rather than by private parties.
  2. Copyright
    
    A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States.
  3. Royal assent
    
    Royal assent is the method by which a monarch formally approves an act of the legislature, either directly or through an official acting on the monarch's behalf. In some jurisdictions, royal assent is equivalent to promulgation, while in others that is a separate step. Under a modern constitutional monarchy, royal assent is considered little more than a formality. Even in nations such as the United Kingdom, Norway, the Netherlands and Liechtenstein which still, in theory, permit their monarch to withhold assent to laws, the monarch almost never does so, except in a dire political emergency or on advice of government. While the power to veto by withholding royal assent was once exercised often by European monarchs, such an occurrence has been very rare since the eighteenth century.
1621
1. The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, Massachusetts on a return trip to England.
  1. Mayflower
    
    Mayflower was an English ship that transported a group of English families, known today as the Pilgrims, from England to the New World in 1620. After a grueling 10 weeks at sea, Mayflower, with 102 passengers and a crew of about 30, reached America, dropping anchor near the tip of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, on November 21 [O.S. November 11], 1620.
  2. Plymouth, Massachusetts
    
    Plymouth is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, in Greater Boston. The town holds a place of great prominence in American history, folklore, and culture, and is known as "America's Hometown". Plymouth was the site of the colony founded in 1620 by the Mayflower Pilgrims, where New England was first established. It is the oldest municipality in New England and one of the oldest in the United States. The town has served as the location of several prominent events, one of the more notable being the First Thanksgiving feast. Plymouth served as the capital of Plymouth Colony from its founding in 1620 until the colony's merger with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691. The English explorer John Smith named the area Plymouth and the region 'New England' during his voyage of 1614. It was a later coincidence that, after an aborted attempt to make the 1620 trans-Atlantic crossing from Southampton, the Mayflower finally set sail for America from Plymouth, England.
1614
1. Pocahontas, a Native American woman, married English colonist John Rolfe in the Colony of Virginia.
  1. Pocahontas
    
    Pocahontas was a Native American woman, belonging to the Powhatan people, notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. She was the daughter of Powhatan, the paramount chief of a network of tributary tribes in the Tsenacommacah, encompassing the Tidewater region of Virginia.
  2. Native Americans in the United States
    
    Native Americans, also known as American Indians, First Americans, Indigenous Americans, and other terms, are the Indigenous peoples of the mainland United States.. There are 574 federally recognized tribes living within the US, about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. As defined by the United States Census, "Native Americans" are Indigenous tribes that are originally from the contiguous United States, along with Alaska Natives. Indigenous peoples of the United States who are not listed as American Indian or Alaska Native include Native Hawaiians, Samoan Americans, and the Chamorro people. The US Census groups these peoples as "Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders".
  3. John Rolfe
    
    John Rolfe was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia in 1611.
  4. Colony of Virginia
    
    The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583 and the colony of Roanoke by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s.
2. In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe.
  1. Virginia
    
    Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most-populous city, and Fairfax County is the most-populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's population in 2020 was over 8.65 million, with 36% of them living in the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area.
  2. Native Americans in the United States
    
    Native Americans, also known as American Indians, First Americans, Indigenous Americans, and other terms, are the Indigenous peoples of the mainland United States.. There are 574 federally recognized tribes living within the US, about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. As defined by the United States Census, "Native Americans" are Indigenous tribes that are originally from the contiguous United States, along with Alaska Natives. Indigenous peoples of the United States who are not listed as American Indian or Alaska Native include Native Hawaiians, Samoan Americans, and the Chamorro people. The US Census groups these peoples as "Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders".
  3. Pocahontas
    
    Pocahontas was a Native American woman, belonging to the Powhatan people, notable for her association with the colonial settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. She was the daughter of Powhatan, the paramount chief of a network of tributary tribes in the Tsenacommacah, encompassing the Tidewater region of Virginia.
  4. John Rolfe
    
    John Rolfe was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia in 1611.
1566
1. Two hundred Dutch noblemen, led by Hendrick van Brederode, force themselves into the presence of Margaret of Parma and present the Petition of Compromise, denouncing the Spanish Inquisition in the Seventeen Provinces.
  1. Habsburg Netherlands
    
    Habsburg Netherlands was the Renaissance period fiefs in the Low Countries held by the Holy Roman Empire's House of Habsburg. The rule began in 1482, when the last Valois-Burgundy ruler of the Netherlands, Mary, wife of Maximilian I of Austria, died. Their grandson, Emperor Charles V, was born in the Habsburg Netherlands and made Brussels one of his capitals.
  2. Hendrick van Brederode
    
    Henry (Hendrik), Lord of Bréderode was a member of the Dutch noble family Van Brederode and an important member during the Eighty Years' War. He was named the "Grote Geus" or the "big beggar".
  3. Margaret of Parma
    
    Margaret of Parma was Governor of the Netherlands from 1559 to 1567 and from 1578 to 1582. She was the illegitimate daughter of the then 22-year-old Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Johanna Maria van der Gheynst. She was a Duchess of Florence and a Duchess of Parma and Piacenza by her two marriages.
  4. Compromise of Nobles
    
    The Compromise of Nobles was a covenant of members of the nobility in the Habsburg Netherlands who came together to submit a petition to the Regent Margaret of Parma on 5 April 1566, with the objective of obtaining a moderation of the placards against heresy in the Netherlands. This petition played a crucial role in the events leading up to the Dutch Revolt and the Eighty Years' War.
  5. Spanish Inquisition
    
    The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition, was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile. It began toward the end of the Reconquista and was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms and to replace the Medieval Inquisition, which was under Papal control. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Catholic Inquisition along with the Roman Inquisition and Portuguese Inquisition. The "Spanish Inquisition" may be defined broadly as operating in Spain and in all Spanish colonies and territories, which included the Canary Islands, the Kingdom of Naples, and all Spanish possessions in North, Central, and South America. According to modern estimates, around 150,000 people were prosecuted for various offences during the three-century duration of the Spanish Inquisition, of whom between 3,000 and 5,000 were executed.
  6. Seventeen Provinces
    
    The Seventeen Provinces were the Imperial states of the Habsburg Netherlands in the 16th century. They roughly covered the Low Countries, i.e., what is now the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and most of the French departments of Nord and Pas-de-Calais (Artois). Also within this area were semi-independent fiefdoms, mainly ecclesiastical ones, such as Liège, Cambrai and Stavelot-Malmedy.
1536
1. Charles V makes a Royal Entry into Rome, demolishing a swath of the city to re-enact a Roman triumph.
  1. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
    
    Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. As he was head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century, his dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Germany to northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and the Kingdom of Spain with its southern Italian possessions of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia. Furthermore, he oversaw both the continuation of the long-lasting Spanish colonization of the Americas and the short-lived German colonization of the Americas. The personal union of the European and American territories of Charles V was the first collection of realms labelled "the empire on which the sun never sets".
  2. Royal entry
    
    The ceremonies and festivities accompanying a formal entry by a ruler or his representative into a city in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period in Europe were known as the Royal Entry, Triumphal Entry, or Joyous Entry. The entry centred on a procession carrying the entering prince into the city, where he was greeted and paid appropriate homage by the civic authorities, followed by a feast and other celebrations.
  3. Roman triumph
    
    The Roman triumph was a civil ceremony and religious rite of ancient Rome, held to publicly celebrate and sanctify the success of a military commander who had led Roman forces to victory in the service of the state or in some historical traditions, one who had successfully completed a foreign war.
1242
1. During the Battle on the Ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.
  1. Battle on the Ice
    
    The Battle on the Ice, alternatively known as the Battle of Lake Peipus, took place on 5 April 1242. It was fought largely on the frozen Lake Peipus between the united forces of the Republic of Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, led by Prince Alexander Nevsky, and the forces of the Livonian Order and Bishopric of Dorpat, led by Bishop Hermann of Dorpat.
  2. Lake Peipus
    
    Lake Peipus ; is the largest trans-boundary lake in Europe, lying on the border between Estonia and Russia.
  3. Novgorod Republic
    
    The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of modern Russia. The Republic prospered as the easternmost trading post of the Hanseatic League and its Slavic, Baltic and Finnic people were much influenced by the culture of the Viking-Varangians and Byzantine people.
  4. Alexander Nevsky
    
    Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky served as Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev (1236–52) and Grand Prince of Vladimir (1252–63) during some of the most difficult times in Kievan Rus' history.
  5. Teutonic Order
    
    The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land and to establish hospitals. Its members have commonly been known as the Teutonic Knights, having a small voluntary and mercenary military membership, serving as a crusading military order for the protection of Christians in the Holy Land and the Baltics during the Middle Ages.
919
1. The Fatimid Caliphate began a second unsuccessful invasion of Egypt, then under Abbasid rule.
  1. Fatimid Caliphate
    
    The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dynasty of Arab origin, trace their ancestry to Muhammad's daughter Fatima and her husband ‘Ali b. Abi Talib, the first Shi‘a imam. The Fatimids were acknowledged as the rightful imams by different Isma‘ili communities, but also in many other Muslim lands, including Persia and the adjacent regions. Originating during the Abbasid Caliphate, the Fatimids conquered Tunisia and established the city of "al-Mahdiyya". The Ismaili dynasty ruled territories across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the center of the caliphate. At its height, the caliphate included – in addition to Egypt – varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and the Hijaz.
  2. Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921)
    
    The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt occurred in 919–921, following the failure of the first attempt in 914–915. The expedition was again commanded by the Fatimid Caliphate's heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah. As during the previous attempt, the Fatimids captured Alexandria with ease. However, while the Abbasid garrison in Fustat was weaker and mutinous due to lack of pay, al-Qa'im did not exploit it for an immediate attack on the city, such as the one that had failed in 914. Instead, in March 920 the Fatimid navy was destroyed by the Abbasid fleet under Thamal al-Dulafi, and Abbasid reinforcements under Mu'nis al-Muzaffar arrived at Fustat. Nevertheless, in the summer of 920 al-Qa'im was able to capture the Fayyum Oasis, and in the spring of 921 extend his control over much of Upper Egypt as well, while Mu'nis avoided an open confrontation and remained at Fustat. During that time, both sides were engaged in a diplomatic and propaganda battle, with the Fatimids' in particular trying to sway the Muslim populace on their side, without success. The Fatimid expedition was condemned to failure when Thamal's fleet took Alexandria in May/June 921; when the Abbasid forces moved on Fayyum, al-Qa'im was forced to abandon it and flee west over the desert.
  3. Abbasid Caliphate
    
    The Abbasid Caliphate was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib, from whom the dynasty takes its name. They ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, after having overthrown the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph Al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad, near the ancient Babylonian capital city of Babylon. Baghdad became the center of science, culture and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning".
2. The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his army.
  1. Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921)
    
    The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt occurred in 919–921, following the failure of the first attempt in 914–915. The expedition was again commanded by the Fatimid Caliphate's heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah. As during the previous attempt, the Fatimids captured Alexandria with ease. However, while the Abbasid garrison in Fustat was weaker and mutinous due to lack of pay, al-Qa'im did not exploit it for an immediate attack on the city, such as the one that had failed in 914. Instead, in March 920 the Fatimid navy was destroyed by the Abbasid fleet under Thamal al-Dulafi, and Abbasid reinforcements under Mu'nis al-Muzaffar arrived at Fustat. Nevertheless, in the summer of 920 al-Qa'im was able to capture the Fayyum Oasis, and in the spring of 921 extend his control over much of Upper Egypt as well, while Mu'nis avoided an open confrontation and remained at Fustat. During that time, both sides were engaged in a diplomatic and propaganda battle, with the Fatimids' in particular trying to sway the Muslim populace on their side, without success. The Fatimid expedition was condemned to failure when Thamal's fleet took Alexandria in May/June 921; when the Abbasid forces moved on Fayyum, al-Qa'im was forced to abandon it and flee west over the desert.
  2. Egypt in the Middle Ages
    
    Following the Islamic conquest in 639, Lower Egypt was ruled at first by governors acting in the name of the Rashidun Caliphs and then the Umayyad Caliphs in Damascus, but in 747 the Umayyads were overthrown. Throughout Islamic rule, Askar was named the capital and housed the ruling administration. The conquest led to two separate provinces all under one ruler: Upper and Lower Egypt. These two very distinct regions were governed by the military and followed the demands handed down by the governor of Egypt and imposed by the heads of their communities.
  3. Al-Qa'im (Fatimid caliph)
    
    Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh, better known by his regnal name al-Qāʾim (القائم) or al-Qāʾim bi-Amr Allāh was the second Caliph of the Fatimid dynasty, ruling in Ifriqiya from 934 to 946. He was the 12th Isma'ili Imam, succeeding his father Abd Allah al-Mahdi Billah.
  4. Raqqada
    
    Raqqāda is the site of the second capital of the 9th-century dynasty of Aghlabids, located about ten kilometers southwest of Kairouan, Tunisia. The site now houses the National Museum of Islamic Art.
823
1. Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I.
  1. Lothair I
    
    Lothair I or Lothar I was emperor, and the governor of Bavaria (815–817), King of Italy (818–855) and Middle Francia (840–855).
  2. King of Italy
    
    King of Italy was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first to take the title was Odoacer, a barbarian military leader, in the late 5th century, followed by the Ostrogothic kings up to the mid-6th century. With the Frankish conquest of Italy in the 8th century, the Carolingians assumed the title, which was maintained by subsequent Holy Roman Emperors throughout the Middle Ages. The last Emperor to claim the title was Charles V in the 16th century. During this period, the holders of the title were crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy.
  3. Pope Paschal I
    
    Pope Paschal I was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 25 January 817 to his death in 824.

Births & Deaths

2022
1. Nehemiah Persoff, Israeli-American actor (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Nehemiah Persoff
    
    Nehemiah Persoff was an American character actor and painter. He appeared in more than 200 television series, films, and theatre productions and also performed as a voice artist in a career spanning 55 years, beginning after his service in the United States Army during World War II.
2. Jimmy Wang Yu, Taiwanese actor (b.1943) deaths
  1. Jimmy Wang Yu
    
    Jimmy Wang Yu was a Hong Kong-Taiwanese martial artist, actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter. Initially a contract player for Shaw Brothers, he rose to fame for his starring role in One-Armed Swordsman (1967) and its sequels, and was one of the first major stars of martial arts and wuxia cinema. At the height of his fame in the 1970s, he was the highest-paid martial arts actor in the world. According to The New York Times, Wang was "the biggest star of Asian martial arts cinema until the emergence of Bruce Lee."
2021
1. Paul Ritter, English actor (b. 1966) deaths
  1. Paul Ritter
    
    Simon Paul Adams, known professionally as Paul Ritter, was an English actor. He had roles in films including Son of Rambow (2007), Quantum of Solace (2008), Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009), The Eagle (2011), and Operation Mincemeat (2021), as well as television programmes including Friday Night Dinner (2011–2020), Vera, The Hollow Crown, The Last Kingdom, Chernobyl, Belgravia and Resistance.
2019
1. Sydney Brenner, South African biologist (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Sydney Brenner
    
    Sydney Brenner was a South African biologist. In 2002, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with H. Robert Horvitz and Sir John E. Sulston. Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology while working in the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. He established the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology, and founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, United States.
2018
1. Isao Takahata, Japanese director (b. 1935) deaths
  1. Isao Takahata
    
    Isao Takahata was a Japanese director, screenwriter and producer. A co-founder of Studio Ghibli, he earned international critical acclaim for his work as a director of Japanese animated feature films. Born in Ujiyamada, Mie Prefecture, Takahata joined Toei Animation after graduating from the University of Tokyo in 1959. He worked as an assistant director, holding various positions over the years and collaborating with colleague Hayao Miyazaki, eventually directing his own film, The Great Adventure of Horus, Prince of the Sun (1968). He continued his partnership with Miyazaki, and under Nippon Animation directed the television series Heidi, Girl of the Alps (1974), 3000 Leagues in Search of Mother (1976), and Anne of Green Gables (1979). Takahata, Miyazaki and others formed Studio Ghibli in 1985, where he would direct Grave of the Fireflies (1988), Only Yesterday (1991), Pom Poko (1994), and My Neighbors the Yamadas (1999). His last film as director was The Tale of the Princess Kaguya (2013), which was nominated for an Oscar in the category of Best Animated Feature Film at the 87th Academy Awards.
2017
1. Attilio Benfatto, Italian cyclist (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Attilio Benfatto
    
    Attilio Benfatto was an Italian cyclist.
2. Arthur Bisguier, American chess Grandmaster (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Arthur Bisguier
    
    Arthur Bernard Bisguier, paternal surname Bisgeier, was an American chess player, chess promoter, and writer who held the FIDE title of Grandmaster (GM).
3. Paul G. Comba, Italian-American computer scientist and astronomer (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Paul G. Comba
    
    Paul G. Comba was an Italian-American computer scientist, an amateur astronomer and a prolific discoverer of minor planets.
4. Makoto Ōoka, Japanese poet and literary critic (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Makoto Ōoka
    
    Makoto Ōoka was a Japanese poet and literary critic. He pioneered the collaborative poetic form renshi in the 1990s, in which he has collaborated with such well-known literary figures as Charles Tomlinson, James Lasdun, Joseph Stanton, Shuntarō Tanikawa and Mikirō Sasaki.
5. Paul O'Neill, American rock composer and producer (b. 1956) deaths
  1. Paul O'Neill (producer)
    
    Paul O'Neill was an American music composer, producer, lyricist, and guitarist.
6. Tim Parnell, British race car driver (b. 1932) deaths
  1. Tim Parnell
    
    Reginald Harold Haslam "Tim" Parnell was a British racing driver from England. He participated in four Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, debuting on 18 July 1959, and qualified for two of them. He scored no championship points. His only finish was tenth place in the 1961 Italian Grand Prix at Monza. Parnell managed the BRM Formula One team from 1970–74, and was the son of Reg Parnell, another racing driver and team principal. After his father's death in 1964, he took on the running of Reg Parnell Racing and on occasion managed his own team with entries for Mike Spence and Pedro Rodriguez.
7. Memè Perlini, Italian actor and director (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Memè Perlini
    
    Amelio "Memè" Perlini was an Italian actor and film director. His directorial debut, Italian Postcards, was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1987 Cannes Film Festival.
8. Atanase Sciotnic, Romanian sprint canoeist (b. 1942) deaths
  1. Atanase Sciotnic
    
    Atanase Sciotnic was a Romanian sprint canoeist. He took part in the two-man and four man events at most major competitions between 1963 and 1974 and won two Olympic and nine world championships medals, including four gold medals.
9. Ilkka Sinisalo, Finnish ice hockey player (b. 1958) deaths
  1. Ilkka Sinisalo
    
    Ilkka Antero Jouko Sinisalo was a Finnish professional ice hockey forward who played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Minnesota North Stars and Los Angeles Kings. Later he was a scout for the Flyers.
2016
1. Koço Kasapoğlu, Turkish footballer (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Koço Kasapoğlu
    
    Koço Kasapoğlu, also known as Yorgo or Kostas Kasapoğlu, was a Greek-Turkish football player and manager. He was also nicknamed penaltı kralı because he scored 500 of the 501 penalties he took in his career and is considered the best penalty taker in Turkish football history.
2015
1. Fredric Brandt, American dermatologist and author (b. 1949) deaths
  1. Fredric Brandt
    
    Fredric Sheldon Brandt was an American physician, researcher, lecturer, author, and radio host specializing in cosmetic dermatology. Among the first to use botulinum toxin ("botox") and fillers, Brandt was noted for his role in the FDA approval of numerous fillers and botulinum toxins for cosmetic use in the United States.
2. Juan Carlos Cáceres, Argentinian singer and pianist (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Juan Carlos Cáceres
    
    Juan Carlos Cáceres was an Argentine musician.
2014
1. Alan Davie, Scottish saxophonist and painter (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Alan Davie
    
    James Alan Davie was a Scottish painter and musician.
2. Mariano Díaz, Spanish cyclist (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Mariano Díaz (cyclist)
    
    Mariano Díaz Díaz was a Spanish professional road bicycle racer. In 1967, he won a stage of the 1967 Vuelta a España, and also won the mountains classification. He also competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1964 Summer Olympics.
3. Peter Matthiessen, American novelist, short story writer, editor, co-founded The Paris Review (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Peter Matthiessen
    
    Peter Matthiessen was an American novelist, naturalist, wilderness writer, zen teacher and CIA Operative. A co-founder of the literary magazine The Paris Review, he was the only writer to have won the National Book Award in both nonfiction and fiction. He was also a prominent environmental activist.
  2. The Paris Review
    
    The Paris Review is a quarterly English-language literary magazine established in Paris in 1953 by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton. In its first five years, The Paris Review published works by Jack Kerouac, Philip Larkin, V. S. Naipaul, Philip Roth, Terry Southern, Adrienne Rich, Italo Calvino, Samuel Beckett, Nadine Gordimer, Jean Genet, and Robert Bly.
4. John Pinette, American comedian (b. 1964) deaths
  1. John Pinette
    
    John Paul Pinette was an American stand-up comedian, actor, and Broadway performer. He toured the comedy club circuit beginning in the 1980s and appeared in cinema and on television. Besides stand-up, Pinette did impressions of Michael Jackson, The Chipmunks, Elvis Presley, Gollum from The Lord of the Rings, Hervé Villechaize, an Ewok, actor Marlon Brando, as well as various ethnic accents. He occasionally sang in his stand-up routines; for example "Over the Rainbow" from The Wizard of Oz, "Will You Be There" from Free Willy, and "Don't Cry for Me Argentina".
5. José Wilker, Brazilian actor, director, and producer (b. 1947) deaths
  1. José Wilker
    
    José Wilker Almeida was a Brazilian film, stage, and television actor and director. The actor gained fame in telenovelas like Roque Santeiro (1985), but became known internationally for his role as Vadinho, the husband who returns from the dead to tempt Sônia Braga in the movie Dona Flor and Her Two Husbands (1976).
2013
1. Regina Bianchi, Italian actress (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Regina Bianchi
    
    Regina Bianchi was an Italian stage and film actress.
2. Piero de Palma, Italian tenor and actor (b. 1924) deaths
  1. Piero de Palma
    
    Piero de Palma was an Italian operatic tenor, particularly associated with comprimario roles.
3. Nikolaos Pappas, Greek Navy admiral (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Nikolaos Pappas
    
    Nikolaos Pappas was a Hellenic Navy admiral who, as commander of the destroyer Velos, played a major part in the abortive rebellion of the Navy in May 1973 against the ruling military junta. After the restoration of democracy he served as chief of the Hellenic Navy General Staff in 1982–1986 and Minister for Mercantile Marine in 1989–1990.
2012
1. Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, German designer (b. 1935) deaths
  1. Ferdinand Alexander Porsche
    
    Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, nicknamed "Butzi", son of Ferry Porsche, grandson of Ferdinand Porsche, was a German designer whose best known product was the first Porsche 911.
2. Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Dominican Republican politician military officer deaths
  1. Pedro Bartolomé Benoit
    
    Pedro Bartolomé Benoit Vanderhorst was a politician and military officer from the Dominican Republic. He served as the 7th provisional president of the Dominican Republic from 1 May until 7 May 1965. He was also a member of the Revolutionary Committee, which ruled the country for about few hours on 25 April 1965.
3. Jim Marshall, English businessman, founded Marshall Amplification (b. 1923) deaths
  1. Jim Marshall (businessman)
    
    James Charles Marshall known as The Father of Loud or The Lord of Loud, was an English businessman and pioneer of guitar amplification. His company, Marshall Amplification, has created equipment that is used by some of the biggest names in rock music, producing amplifiers with an iconic status. In 2003 Marshall was awarded an OBE at Buckingham Palace for "services to the music industry and to charity". In 2009 he was given the Freedom of the Borough of Milton Keynes for his work in the community.
  2. Marshall Amplification
    
    Marshall is a British company that designs and manufactures music amplifiers, speaker cabinets, brands personal headphones and earphones, drums and bongos. The company also owns a record label called Marshall Records. It was founded in London by drum shop owner and drummer, Jim Marshall, and is now based in Bletchley, Milton Keynes, England.
4. Barney McKenna, Irish musician (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Barney McKenna
    
    Bernard Noël "Banjo Barney" McKenna was an Irish musician and a founding member of The Dubliners. He played the tenor banjo, violin, mandolin, and melodeon. He was most renowned as a banjo player.
5. Bingu wa Mutharika, Malawian economist and politician, 3rd President of Malawi (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Bingu wa Mutharika
    
    Bingu wa Mutharika was a Malawian politician and economist who was President of Malawi from May 2004 until his death in April 2012. He was also President of the Democratic Progressive Party, which he founded in February 2005; it obtained a majority in Malawi's parliament in the 2009 general election.
  2. President of Malawi
    
    The president of the Republic of Malawi is the head of state and head of government of Malawi. The president leads the executive branch of the Government of Malawi and is the commander-in-chief of the Malawian Defence Force.
2011
1. Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician and geneticist (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Baruch Samuel Blumberg
    
    Baruch Samuel Blumberg, known as Barry Blumberg, was an American physician, geneticist, and co-recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for his work on the hepatitis B virus while an investigator at the NIH. He was president of the American Philosophical Society from 2005 until his death.
2. Ange-Félix Patassé, Central African politician (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Ange-Félix Patassé
    
    Ange-Félix Patassé was a Central African politician who was President of the Central African Republic from 1993 until 2003, when he was deposed by the rebel leader François Bozizé in the 2003 coup d'état. Patassé was the first president in the CAR's history to be chosen in what was generally regarded as a fairly democratic election (1993) in that it was brought about by donor pressure on President André Kolingba and assisted by the United Nations Electoral Assistance Unit. He was chosen a second time in a fair election (1999) as well. However, during his first term in office (1993–1999), three military mutinies in 1996–1997 led to increasing conflict between so-called "northerners" and "southerners". Expatriate mediators and peacekeeping troops were brought in to negotiate peace accords between Patassé and the mutineers and to maintain law and order. During his second term as president, Patassé increasingly lost the support of many of his long-time allies as well as the French, who had intervened to support him during his first term in office. Patassé was ousted in March 2003 and went into exile in Togo.
2010
1. Vitaly Sevastyanov, Soviet cosmonaut and engineer (b. 1935) deaths
  1. Vitaly Sevastyanov
    
    Vitaly Ivanovich Sevastyanov was a Soviet cosmonaut and an engineer who flew on the Soyuz 9 and Soyuz 18 missions.
2009
1. I. J. Good, British mathematician (b. 1916) deaths
  1. I. J. Good
    
    Irving John Good was a British mathematician who worked as a cryptologist at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing. After the Second World War, Good continued to work with Turing on the design of computers and Bayesian statistics at the University of Manchester. Good moved to the United States where he was professor at Virginia Tech.
2008
1. Charlton Heston, American actor, director, and political activist (b. 1923) deaths
  1. Charlton Heston
    
    Charlton Heston was an American actor and political activist. As a Hollywood star, he appeared in almost 100 films over the course of 60 years. He played Moses in the epic film The Ten Commandments (1956), for which he received his first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and the title role in Ben-Hur (1959), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. He also starred in The Greatest Show on Earth (1952), Secret of the Incas (1954), Touch of Evil (1958) with Orson Welles, The Big Country (1958), El Cid (1961), The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), Khartoum (1966), Planet of the Apes (1968), The Omega Man (1971) and Soylent Green (1973).
2007
1. Maria Gripe, Swedish journalist and author (b. 1923) deaths
  1. Maria Gripe
    
    Maria Gripe, born Maja Stina Walter, was a Swedish author of books for children and young adults, which were often written in magical and mystical tone. She has written almost forty books, with many of her characters presented in short series of three or four books. For her lasting contribution to children's literature, she received the Hans Christian Andersen Medal for Writing in 1974.
2. Leela Majumdar, Indian author and academic (b. 1908) deaths
  1. Leela Majumdar
    
    Leela Majumdar, was a Bengali writer.
3. Werner Maser, German historian and journalist (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Werner Maser
    
    Werner Maser was a German historian, journalist and professor at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. Maser was the first historian to claim that the Hitler Diaries were forgeries.
4. Mark St. John, American guitarist (b. 1956) deaths
  1. Mark St. John
    
    Mark Leslie Norton, better known as Mark St. John, was an American guitarist best known for his brief stint with the rock band Kiss from April to November 1984. His work can be heard on the band's 1984 album Animalize. St. John died suddenly under murky circumstances in early April 2007, several months after being badly beaten during a brief stay in an Orange County jail.
5. Thomas Stoltz Harvey, American pathologist (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Thomas Stoltz Harvey
    
    Thomas Stoltz Harvey was an American pathologist who conducted the autopsy on Albert Einstein in 1955. Harvey later kept Einstein's brain without permission for decades.
2006
1. Allan Kaprow, American painter and educator (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Allan Kaprow
    
    Allan Kaprow was an American painter, assemblagist and a pioneer in establishing the concepts of performance art. He helped to develop the "Environment" and "Happening" in the late 1950s and 1960s, as well as their theory. His Happenings — some 200 of them — evolved over the years. Eventually Kaprow shifted his practice into what he called "Activities", intimately scaled pieces for one or several players, devoted to the study of normal human activity in a way congruent to ordinary life. Fluxus, performance art, and installation art were, in turn, influenced by his work.
2. Gene Pitney, American singer-songwriter (b. 1941) deaths
  1. Gene Pitney
    
    Gene Francis Alan Pitney was an American singer-songwriter and musician.
3. Yevgeny Seredin, Russian swimmer (b. 1958) deaths
  1. Yevgeny Seredin
    
    Yevgeny Alekseyevich Seredin was a Russian swimmer who competed in the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics. In 1980, he won a silver medal in the 4×100 m medley relay and placed fifth in the individual 100 m butterfly event. He held eight Soviet titles: in the 100 m butterfly, medley relay (1977–79), and 4×100 m and 4×200 m freestyle relays (1979). After retiring in 1983, Seredin coached swimmers in Saint Petersburg. He died of a heart attack.
4. Pasquale Macchi, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1923) deaths
  1. Pasquale Macchi
    
    Pasquale Macchi was a Catholic archbishop and the private secretary to Pope Paul VI.
2005
1. Saul Bellow, Canadian-American novelist, essayist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Saul Bellow
    
    Saul Bellow was a Canadian-born American writer. For his literary work, Bellow was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, the Nobel Prize for Literature, and the National Medal of Arts. He is the only writer to win the National Book Award for Fiction three times and he received the National Book Foundation's lifetime Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters in 1990.
  2. Nobel Prize in Literature
    
    The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.
2. Robert Borg, American military officer and equestrian (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Robert Borg
    
    Robert Borg was an American military officer and equestrian. He was born in Manila, Philippines. He placed fourth in individual dressage, and won a silver medal in team dressage at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. He participated at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, and at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.
3. Chung Nam-sik, South Korean footballer (b. 1917) deaths
  1. Chung Nam-sik
    
    Chung Nam-sik was a Korean football player and manager. He played as a striker for the South Korea national team during the 1940s and 1950s, including at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
2004
1. Fernand Goyvaerts, Belgian footballer (b. 1938) deaths
  1. Fernand Goyvaerts
    
    Fernand Goyvaerts was a Belgian international footballer. He played as an attacker.
2. Sławomir Rawicz, Polish lieutenant (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Sławomir Rawicz
    
    Sławomir Rawicz was a Polish Army lieutenant who was imprisoned by the NKVD after the German-Soviet invasion of Poland. In a ghost-written book called The Long Walk, he claimed that in 1941 he and six others had escaped from a Siberian Gulag camp and begun a long journey south on foot, supposedly travelling through the Gobi Desert, Tibet, and the Himalayas before finally reaching British India in the winter of 1942.
3. Heiner Zieschang, German mathematician and academic (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Heiner Zieschang
    
    Heiner Zieschang was a German mathematician. He was a professor at Ruhr University in Bochum from 1968 till 2002. He was a topologist. In 1996 he was an honorary doctor of University of Toulouse and in 1997 he was an honorary professor of Moscow State University.
2003
1. Keizo Morishita, Japanese painter (b. 1944) deaths
  1. Keizo Morishita
    
    Keizo Morishita was a Japanese painter who lived most of his life in Italy.
2002
1. Layne Staley, American singer-songwriter (b. 1967) deaths
  1. Layne Staley
    
    Layne Thomas Staley was an American musician, songwriter and the original lead singer of the rock band Alice in Chains, which rose to international fame in the early 1990s as part of Seattle's grunge movement. He was known for his distinctive vocal style and tenor voice, as well as his harmonizing with guitarist/vocalist Jerry Cantrell. Staley was also a member of the glam metal bands Sleze and Alice N' Chains, and the supergroups Mad Season and Class of '99.
2. Kim Won-gyun, North Korean composer and politician (b. 1917) deaths
  1. Kim Won-gyun
    
    Kim Won-gyun was a North Korean composer and politician. He is considered one of the most prominent, if not the most celebrated, composer of North Korea. He composed "Aegukka" — the national anthem of the country — and "Song of General Kim Il-sung", in addition to revolutionary operas.
2001
1. Thylane Blondeau, French model and actress births
  1. Thylane Blondeau
    
    Thylane Léna-Rose Loubry Blondeau is a French model. Blondeau started modeling at a very young age, and in 2007, was titled "Most Beautiful Girl in The World." She has modeled for many designers, including Dolce & Gabbana, L'Oréal and Versace.
2. Aldo Olivieri, Italian footballer (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Aldo Olivieri
    
    Aldo Olivieri was an Italian football goalkeeper from 1931 to 1943, and manager after World War II.
2000
1. Ayush Mahesh Khedekar, Indian actor births
  1. Ayush Mahesh Khedekar
    
    Ayush Mahesh Khedekar is an Indian actor, best known for playing the child version of young Jamal Malik in Slumdog Millionaire (2008), for which he won a Screen Actors Guild Award.
2. Heinrich Müller, Austrian footballer (b. 1909) deaths
  1. Heinrich Müller (footballer, born 1909)
    
    Heinrich "Wudi" Müller was an Austrian football player and coach. In the early 1930s he was an albeit minor part of Austria's all conquering Wunderteam. As coach he defined the post-World War II glory period of Austria Wien.
3. Lee Petty, American race car driver (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Lee Petty
    
    Lee Arnold Petty was an American stock car racing driver who competed during the 1950s and 1960s. He was one of the pioneers of NASCAR and one of its first superstars. He was NASCAR's first three-time Cup champion. He is also the father of Richard Petty, who went on to become one of the most successful stock car racing drivers of all time.
1999
1. Giulio Einaudi, Italian book publisher (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Giulio Einaudi
    
    Giulio Einaudi was an Italian book publisher. The eponymous company that he founded in 1933 became "a European wellspring of fine literature, intellectual thought and political theory" and was once considered the most prestigious publishing house in Italy. He was also the author of books on literature, history, philosophy, art and science.
1998
1. Frederick Charles Frank, British theoretical physicist (b. 1911) deaths
  1. Frederick Charles Frank
    
    Sir Frederick Charles Frank, OBE, FRS was a British theoretical physicist. He is best known for his work on crystal dislocations, including the idea of the Frank–Read source of dislocations. He also proposed the cyclol reaction in the mid-1930s, and made many other contributions to solid-state physics, geophysics, and the theory of liquid crystals.
2. Cozy Powell, English drummer (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Cozy Powell
    
    Cozy Powell was an English rock drummer who made his name with major rock bands and artists such as The Jeff Beck Group, Rainbow, Michael Schenker Group, Gary Moore, Robert Plant, Brian May, Whitesnake, Emerson, Lake & Powell, and Black Sabbath.
1997
1. Borja Mayoral, Spanish footballer births
  1. Borja Mayoral
    
    Borja Mayoral Moya is a Spanish professional professional footballer who plays as a striker for La Liga club Getafe.
2. Allen Ginsberg, American poet (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Allen Ginsberg
    
    Irwin Allen Ginsberg was an American poet and writer. As a student at Columbia University in the 1940s, he began friendships with William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac, forming the core of the Beat Generation. He vigorously opposed militarism, economic materialism, and sexual repression, and he embodied various aspects of this counterculture with his views on drugs, sex, multiculturalism, hostility to bureaucracy, and openness to Eastern religions.
1996
1. Nicolas Beer, Danish race car driver births
  1. Nicolas Beer
    
    Nicolas Beer is a Danish racing driver.
2. Raouf Benguit, Algerian footballer births
  1. Raouf Benguit
    
    Abdelraouf Benguit is an Algerian footballer who plays for Raja CA.
3. Charlene Holt, American actress (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Charlene Holt
    
    Verna Charlene Stavely, professionally known as Charlene Holt, was an American actress known for her supporting roles in television and film.
1995
1. Viliame Kikau, Fijian rugby league player births
  1. Viliame Kikau
    
    Viliame Hekmatzadah "Bill" Kikau is a Fijian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the NRL, and Fiji at international level.
2. Sei Muroya, Japanese footballer births
  1. Sei Muroya
    
    Sei Muroya is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a right back for Hannover 96 in the 2. Bundesliga and for the Japanese national team.
3. Gleb Rassadkin, Belarusian footballer births
  1. Gleb Rassadkin
    
    Gleb Rassadkin is a Belarusian professional football player who plays for Arsenal Dzerzhinsk.
4. Sebastian Starke Hedlund, Swedish footballer births
  1. Sebastian Starke Hedlund
    
    Björn Sebastian Starke Hedlund is a Swedish footballer who plays for Valur as a defender. He represented Sweden at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
5. Nicolaas Cortlever, Dutch chess player (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Nicolaas Cortlever
    
    Nicolaas (Nico) Cortlever was a Dutch chess master.
6. Emilio Greco, Italian sculptor and engraver (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Emilio Greco
    
    Emilio Greco was an Italian sculptor, engraver, medallist, writer and poet. He is best known for his monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world in museums such as - Tate Modern (London), Hermitage Museu Coleção Berardo (Lisbon), and Hawke's Bay Museum
7. Christian Pineau, French Resistance fighter (b. 1904) deaths
  1. Christian Pineau
    
    Christian Pineau was a noted French Resistance fighter, who later served an important term as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1956 through 1958.
1994
1. Mateusz Bieniek, Polish volleyball player births
  1. Mateusz Bieniek
    
    Mateusz Bieniek is a Polish professional volleyball player. He is a member of the Poland national team, a participant at the Olympic Games, and the 2018 World Champion. At the professional club level, he plays for PGE Skra Bełchatów.
2. Edem Rjaïbi, Tunisian footballer births
  1. Edem Rjaïbi
    
    Edem Rjaïbi is a Tunisian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saudi Arabian club Al-Sharq.
3. Richard Sánchez, Mexican footballer births
  1. Richard Sánchez (footballer, born 1994)
    
    Richard Sánchez is a professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Major League Soccer club LA Galaxy. Born in the United States, he represented the Mexico national under-21 team.
4. Kurt Cobain, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1967) deaths
  1. Kurt Cobain
    
    Kurt Donald Cobain was an American musician, best known as the lead vocalist, guitarist and primary songwriter of the rock band Nirvana. Through his angst-fueled songwriting and anti-establishment persona, Cobain's compositions widened the thematic conventions of mainstream rock. He was heralded as a spokesman of Generation X and is considered one of the most influential musicians in the history of alternative rock.
1993
1. Andreas Bouchalakis, Greek footballer births
  1. Andreas Bouchalakis
    
    Andreas Bouchalakis is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Super League club Olympiacos and the Greece national team.
2. Maya DiRado, American swimmer births
  1. Maya DiRado
    
    Madeline Jane "Maya" DiRado - Andrews is a retired American competitive swimmer who specialized in freestyle, butterfly, backstroke, and individual medley events. She attended and swam for Stanford University, where she won NCAA titles in the 200 and 400 meter individual medley in 2014 and graduated with a degree in management science and engineering. At the 2016 US Olympic Trials, DiRado qualified to swim the 200 meter and 400 meter individual medley events, as well as the 200 meter backstroke, at the 2016 Summer Olympics. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, she won a gold medal in the women's 4x200 meter freestyle relay, a silver medal in the 400 meter individual medley, a bronze medal in the women's 200 meter individual medley, and a gold medal in the 200 meter backstroke. Following the Olympics, DiRado retired from the sport.
3. Laura Feiersinger, Austrian footballer births
  1. Laura Feiersinger
    
    Laura Feiersinger is an Austrian footballer who plays as a midfielder for German Frauen-Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt and the Austria women's national team.
4. Benjamin Garcia, French rugby league player births
  1. Benjamin Garcia
    
    Benjamin Garcia is a French professional rugby league footballer who plays as a second-row forward and centre for the Catalans Dragons in the Super League and France at international level.
5. Scottie Wilbekin, American-Turkish basketball player births
  1. Scottie Wilbekin
    
    Scottie Jordan Wilbekin is an American-born naturalized Turkish professional basketball player for Fenerbahçe Beko of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL) and the EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the Florida Gators, where he was named the Southeastern Conference Player of the Year in 2014. Wilbekin played professional basketball in Australia, Greece, Turkey and Israel. He led Darüşşafaka to win the 2018 EuroCup title, while earning the EuroCup Finals and the Regular Season MVP awards.
6. Divya Bharti, Indian actress (b. 1974) deaths
  1. Divya Bharti
    
    Divya Bharti was an Indian actress who worked predominantly in Hindi and Telugu films. Known for her acting versatility and beauty, she was considered one of the most popular and highest paid Indian actresses of her time.
1992
1. Emmalyn Estrada, Canadian singer-songwriter and dancer births
  1. Emmalyn (musician)
    
    Emmalyn Estrada, known professionally as Emmalyn, is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and dancer. Her first single, 'Get Down' entered Billboard's Canadian Hot 100 chart for the week of August 29, 2009 at number 88 and peaked at number 59 for the week of October 31, 2009. She is best known as a member of the girl group G.R.L. formed by Robin Antin.
2. Shintaro Kurumaya, Japanese footballer births
  1. Shintaro Kurumaya
    
    Shintaro Kurumaya is a Japanese footballer who plays for Kawasaki Frontale.
3. Kaveh Rezaei, Iranian footballer births
  1. Kaveh Rezaei
    
    Kaveh Rezaei is an Iranian professional footballer, who plays as a striker for the Persian Gulf Pro League club Tractor and the Iran national team.
4. Dmytro Ryzhuk, Ukrainian footballer births
  1. Dmytro Ryzhuk
    
    Dmytro Ryzhuk is a Ukrainian football midfielder who plays for FC Okzhetpes.
5. Takeshi Inoue, Japanese footballer (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Takeshi Inoue (footballer)
    
    Takeshi Inoue was a Japanese football player. He played for Japan national team.
6. Molly Picon, American actress (b. 1898) deaths
  1. Molly Picon
    
    Molly Picon was an American actress of stage, screen, radio and television, as well as a lyricist and dramatic storyteller.
7. Sam Walton, American businessman, founded Walmart and Sam's Club (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Sam Walton
    
    Samuel Moore Walton was an American businessman and entrepreneur best known for founding the retailers Walmart and Sam's Club. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. grew to be the world's largest corporation by revenue as well as the biggest private employer in the world. For a period of time, Walton was the richest man in America.
  2. Walmart
    
    Walmart Inc. is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores from the United States, headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas. The company was founded by Sam Walton in nearby Rogers, Arkansas in 1962 and incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law on October 31, 1969. It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.
  3. Sam's Club
    
    Sam's West, Inc. is an American chain of membership-only retail warehouse clubs owned and operated by Walmart Inc., founded in 1983 and named after Walmart founder Sam Walton as Sam’s Wholesale Club. As of January 31, 2019, Sam's Club ranks second in sales volume among warehouse clubs with $57.839 billion in sales behind rival Costco Wholesale.
1991
1. Yassine Bounou, Moroccan footballer births
  1. Yassine Bounou
    
    Yassine Bounou, also known as Bono, is a Moroccan professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for La Liga club Sevilla and the Morocco national team.
2. Nathaniel Clyne, English footballer births
  1. Nathaniel Clyne
    
    Nathaniel Edwin Clyne is an English professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Premier League club Crystal Palace.
3. Adriano Grimaldi, Italian-German footballer births
  1. Adriano Grimaldi
    
    Adriano Grimaldi is a German professional footballer who plays as a forward for 1. FC Saarbrücken.
4. Joël Mall, Swiss footballer births
  1. Joël Mall
    
    Joël Mall is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Olympiakos Nicosia. He has appeared for the Swiss under-20 national football team.
5. Guilherme dos Santos Torres, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Guilherme Torres
    
    Guilherme dos Santos Torres, commonly known as Guilherme, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder of Qatar Stars League football club Al Sadd.
6. Sonny Carter, American soccer player, physician, and astronaut (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Sonny Carter
    
    Manley Lanier "Sonny" Carter Jr., M.D., , was an American chemist, physician, professional soccer player, naval officer and aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut who flew on STS-33.
7. Jay Miller, American basketball player (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Jay Miller (basketball)
    
    Jay Julian Miller was an American forward in the National Basketball Association. Miller first played for the St. Louis Hawks before being selected by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 1968 NBA Expansion Draft. After his time with the Bucks, he spent the rest of his career in the American Basketball Association.
8. Jiří Mucha, Czech journalist, writer and screenwriter (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Jiří Mucha
    
    Jiří Mucha was a Czech journalist, writer, screenwriter, author of autobiographical novels and studies of the works of his father, the painter Alphonse Mucha.
9. William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle (b. 1909) deaths
  1. William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle
    
    William Philip Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle,, known as Lord De L'Isle and Dudley between 1945 and 1956, was a British Army officer, politician and Victoria Cross recipient who served as the 15th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1961 to 1965. He was the last non-Australian to hold the position.
10. John Tower, American soldier, academic, and politician (b. 1925) deaths
  1. John Tower
    
    John Goodwin Tower was an American politician, serving as a Republican United States Senator from Texas from 1961 to 1985. He was the first Republican Senator elected from Texas since Reconstruction. Tower also led the Tower Commission, which investigated the Iran-Contra Affair, and was an unsuccessful nominee for U.S. Secretary of Defense in 1989.
1990
1. Amer Said Al-Shatri, Omani footballer births
  1. Amer Said Al-Shatri
    
    Amer Said Al-Shatri is an Omani international footballer who plays as a midfielder for Omani club Mirbat.
2. Alex Cuthbert, Welsh rugby player births
  1. Alex Cuthbert
    
    Alex Cuthbert is a Welsh rugby union player. Born in Gloucester, he plays on the wing for the Ospreys and the Wales national team.
3. Patrick Dangerfield, Australian footballer births
  1. Patrick Dangerfield
    
    Patrick Dangerfield is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He previously played for the Adelaide Football Club.
4. Fredy Hinestroza, Colombian footballer births
  1. Fredy Hinestroza
    
    Fredy Hinestroza Arias is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as a winger for Junior.
5. Chen Huijia, Chinese swimmer births
  1. Chen Huijia
    
    Chen Huijia is a female Chinese swimmer, who competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
6. Haruma Miura, Japanese actor and singer (d. 2020) births
  1. Haruma Miura
    
    Haruma Miura was a Japanese actor and singer. He made his acting debut in the television drama Agri (1997) and rose to popularity after starring in the film Koizora (2007), winning Newcomer of the Year at the 31st Japan Academy Prize. In the following years, Miura notably starred in the third season of Gokusen (2009), Bloody Monday (2009), Naoko (2009), Kimi ni Todoke (2010), Last Cinderella (2013), Boku no Ita Jikan (2013), The Eternal Zero (2013), Attack on Titan (2015), Gintama 2 (2018), and Two Weeks (2019). He also starred as Lola in the Japanese production of Kinky Boots (2016), winning Best New Actor and the Haruko Sugimura Award at the 24th Yomiuri Theater Awards. In addition to his acting career, Miura debuted as a singer in 2019 with the single "Fight for Your Heart", which was followed by "Night Diver" in 2020.
7. Ismaeel Mohammad, Qatari footballer births
  1. Ismaeel Mohammad
    
    Ismaeel Mohammad is a Qatari professional footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Al-Duhail in the Qatar Stars League and the Qatar national football team.
8. Iryna Pamialova, Belarusian canoeist births
  1. Iryna Pamialova
    
    Iryna Uladzimirauna Pamialova is a Belarusian canoer. She won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the K-4 500 metres event with Nadzeya Papok-Liapeshka, Volha Khudzenka, and Maryna Litvinchuk.
9. Jakub Sedláček, Czech ice hockey player births
  1. Jakub Sedláček (ice hockey)
    
    Jakub Sedláček is a Czech professional ice hockey goaltender who currently plays for HC Kometa Brno of the Czech Extraliga (ELH).
10. Sercan Yıldırım, Turkish footballer births
  1. Sercan Yıldırım
    
    Sercan Yıldırım is a Turkish former football player who played as a forward.
11. Género Zeefuik, Dutch footballer births
  1. Género Zeefuik
    
    Género Zeefuik is a retired Dutch footballer who played as a striker.
1989
1. Kader Amadou, Nigerien footballer births
  1. Kader Amadou
    
    Kader Amadou Dodo is a Nigerien footballer who plays as a defender for AS SONIDEP.
2. Yémi Apithy, Beninese fencer births
  1. Yémi Apithy
    
    Yémi Geoffrey Apithy is a French-Beninese sabre fencer representing Benin in international competitions, silver medalist at the 2014 and 2015 African Championships. He bore the flag for Benin at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
3. Liemarvin Bonevacia, Dutch sprinter births
  1. Liemarvin Bonevacia
    
    Liemarvin Bonevacia is a Dutch sprinter who was born in Willemstad, Curaçao.
4. Freddie Fox, English actor births
  1. Freddie Fox (actor)
    
    Frederick Samson Robert Morice Fox is an English actor, director, and voice artist. His prominent screen performances include roles as singer Marilyn in the BBC's Boy George biopic Worried About the Boy (2010), Freddie Baxter in series Cucumber (2015) and Banana (2015), and Jeremy Bamber in White House Farm (2020).
5. Emre Güral, Turkish footballer births
  1. Emre Güral
    
    Emre Güral is a professional footballer who plays as a forward. Born in Germany, he represented Turkey at 'A2' international level.
6. Justin Holiday, American basketball player births
  1. Justin Holiday
    
    Justin Alaric Holiday is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Washington Huskies. He won an NBA championship with the Golden State Warriors in 2015.
7. Rachel Homan, Canadian curler births
  1. Rachel Homan
    
    Rachel Catherine Homan is a Canadian international curler. Homan is a former Canadian junior champion, a three-time Canadian national champion, and the 2017 world champion, all as a skip. She was also the skip of the Canadian women's curling team at the 2018 Winter Olympics.
8. Lily James, English actress births
  1. Lily James
    
    Lily Chloe Ninette Thomson, better known by her stage name Lily James, is an English actress. She studied acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London and began her career in the British television series Just William (2010). Following her role in the period drama series Downton Abbey (2012–2015), her film breakthrough was the title role in Cinderella (2015).
9. Trevor Marsicano, American speed skater births
  1. Trevor Marsicano
    
    Trevor Marsicano is an American speed skater and silver medalist in the Winter Olympics.
10. Jonathan Rossini, Swiss footballer births
  1. Jonathan Rossini
    
    Jonathan "Johnny" Rossini is a Swiss former professional footballer who played as a centre back. He is also a former Switzerland international.
11. Kiki Sukezane, Japanese actress births
  1. Kiki Sukezane
    
    Kiki Sukezane is a Japanese actress from Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, working mostly in American productions.
12. Sosuke Takatani, Japanese wrestler births
  1. Sosuke Takatani
    
    Sosuke Takatani is an amateur Japanese freestyle wrestler, who competes in the middleweight category.
13. Frank Foss, American pole vaulter (b. 1895) deaths
  1. Frank Foss (athlete)
    
    Frank Kent Foss was an American pole vaulter. He won a gold medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics, while breaking his own unofficial world record.
14. Karel Zeman, Czech director, artist, production designer and animator (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Karel Zeman
    
    Karel Zeman was a Czech film director, artist, production designer and animator, best known for directing fantasy films combining live-action footage with animation. Because of his creative use of special effects and animation in his films, he has often been called the "Czech Méliès".
1988
1. Gerson Acevedo, Chilean footballer births
  1. Gerson Acevedo
    
    Gerson Elías Acevedo Rojas is a Chilean footballer who currently plays for Deportes Recoleta in the Chilean Segunda División.
2. Teresa Almeida, Angolan handball player births
  1. Teresa Almeida
    
    Teresa Patricia De Almeida nicknamed Bá is an Angolan handball player for Petro de Luanda and the Angolan national team.
3. Quade Cooper, New Zealand-Australian rugby player and boxer births
  1. Quade Cooper
    
    Quade Santini Cooper is a professional rugby union player and occasional boxer. Although born in New Zealand, he has represented Australia in rugby at international level. He currently plays for Hanazono Liners in Japan, and is a former player for the Queensland Reds and the Melbourne Rebels in the Super Rugby competition in Australia. His preferred position is fly-half.
4. Jonathan Davies, Welsh rugby union player births
  1. Jonathan Davies (rugby union, born 1988)
    
    Jonathan Davies is a Welsh professional rugby union player who plays at centre for the Scarlets and the Wales national team. He is commonly known as "Fox", differentiating him from the Jonathan Davies who played both rugby union and rugby league during the 1980s and 1990s. His brother is James Davies, who also played professional rugby for Wales as a flanker.
5. Gevorg Ghazaryan, Armenian footballer births
  1. Gevorg Ghazaryan
    
    Gevorg Ghazaryan is an Armenian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or forward for the Armenia national team.
6. Alisha Glass, American ex-indoor volleyball player births
  1. Alisha Glass
    
    Alisha Rebecca Glass Childress is an American former professional volleyball player who played as a setter for the United States women's national volleyball team. Glass played collegiate volleyball for Penn State, where she led Penn State to three NCAA consecutive championships. Glass won gold with the national team at the 2014 World Championship, and bronze at the 2015 World Cup and 2016 Rio Olympic Games.
7. Vurğun Hüseynov, Azerbaijani footballer births
  1. Vurğun Hüseynov
    
    Vurgun Huseynov is a footballer who plays as defender for Sumgayit.
8. Matthias Jaissle, German footballer and manager births
  1. Matthias Jaissle
    
    Matthias Jaissle is a German football manager, and former player who played as a defender. He was previously the assistant manager of Brøndby IF, and in 2021 became the manager of FC Liefering, then subsequently of Austrian Bundesliga side Red Bull Salzburg, where he currently coaches.
9. Jon Kwang-ik, North Korean footballer births
  1. Jon Kwang-ik
    
    Jon Kwang-ik is a North Korean professional footballer who currently plays as a defender for Amrokgang in the DPR Korea League.
10. Christopher Papamichalopoulos, Cypriot skier births
  1. Christopher Papamichalopoulos
    
    Christopher Papamichalopoulos is an alpine skier from Cyprus. He competed for Cyprus at the 2010 Winter Olympics in the slalom and giant slalom. Christopher was Cyprus's flag bearer during the 2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony.
11. Zack Smith, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Zack Smith
    
    Zachary Smith is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played for the Ottawa Senators, who drafted him 79th overall in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, and the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
12. Pape Sy, French basketball player births
  1. Pape Sy
    
    Pape Ousseynou Sy is a French professional basketball player who last played for BCM Gravelines of the LNB Pro A. A versatile guard/forward, Sy was drafted by the Hawks as the 53rd overall pick in the second round of the 2010 NBA draft after spending five seasons with STB Le Havre.
13. Alexey Volkov, Russian biathlete births
  1. Alexey Volkov (biathlete)
    
    Alexey Anatolyevich Volkov is a Russian former biathlete.
14. Alf Kjellin, Swedish actor and director (b. 1920) deaths
  1. Alf Kjellin
    
    Alf Kjellin was a Swedish film actor and director, who also appeared on some television shows.
1987
1. Max Grün, German footballer births
  1. Max Grün
    
    Maximilian "Max" Grün is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Regionalliga Bayern club Viktoria Aschaffenburg.
2. Balázs Hárai, Hungarian water polo player births
  1. Balázs Hárai
    
    Balázs Hárai is a Hungarian water polo center forward. He competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics and won a gold medal at the 2013 World Championships.
3. Anton Kokorin, Russian sprint athlete births
  1. Anton Kokorin
    
    Anton Sergeyevich Kokorin is a Russian sprint athlete. Anton was part of the team that finished third in Men's 4x400 m relay at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but the team was disqualified after team mate Denis Alekseyev tested positive for doping.
4. Fyodor Kudryashov, Russian footballer births
  1. Fyodor Kudryashov
    
    Fyodor Vasilievich Kudryashov is a Russian professional footballer who plays for Turkish club Antalyaspor and the Russia national team as a left back. He can also play as a centre back.
5. Etiënne Reijnen, Dutch footballer births
  1. Etiënne Reijnen
    
    Etiënne Reijnen is a retired Dutch footballer. He played as a centre back.
6. Leabua Jonathan, 2nd Prime Minister of Lesotho (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Leabua Jonathan
    
    Joseph Leabua Jonathan was the second prime minister of Lesotho. He succeeded Chief Sekhonyana Nehemia Maseribane following a by-election and held that post from 1965 to 1986.
  2. List of prime ministers of Lesotho
    
    This is a list of prime ministers of Lesotho since the formation of the post of Prime Minister of Lesotho in 1965, to the present day.
1986
1. Anna Sophia Berglund, American model and actress births
  1. Anna Sophia Berglund
    
    Anna Sophia Berglund is an American actress, model, Playmate, and reality show personality. She was Playmate of the Month for Playboy in January 2011. She was discovered originally by GXS Motorsports, where she spent two years as a promotional model. She went by the name Sophi Berglund until working for Playboy and resuming her original name.
2. Anzor Boltukayev, Chechen wrestler births
  1. Anzor Boltukaev
    
    Anzor Adamovich Boltukayev is a Russian freestyle wrestler of Chechen descent. He competes in the 96 kg division and won the bronze medal in the same division at the 2013 World Wrestling Championships defeated Aleksey Krupnyakov of Kyrgyzstan.
3. Diego Chará, Colombian footballer births
  1. Diego Chará
    
    Diego Ferney Chará Zamora is a Colombian professional footballer who plays for Major League Soccer club Portland Timbers.
4. Charlotte Flair, American wrestler, author and actress births
  1. Charlotte Flair
    
    Ashley Elizabeth Fliehr is an American professional wrestler. She is currently signed to WWE, where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Charlotte Flair. She is currently inactive.
5. Róbert Kasza, Hungarian Modern pentathlete births
  1. Róbert Kasza
    
    Róbert Kasza is a Hungarian modern pentathlete. He was on the gold medal-winning relay team at the 2011 World Modern Pentathlon Championships. He also qualified for and participated in the modern pentathlon at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Robert Kasza is represented by STRONGAA Management.
6. Eetu Muinonen, Finnish footballer births
  1. Eetu Muinonen
    
    Eetu Muinonen is a Finnish footballer, who plays for RoPS.
7. Manuel Ruz, Spanish footballer births
  1. Manuel Ruz
    
    Manuel Ruz Baños is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a right back.
8. Albert Selimov, Azerbaijani boxer births
  1. Albert Selimov
    
    Albert Shevketovich Selimov is a Russian former amateur boxer of Lezgin descent. He is best known for being the only man to defeat Vasiliy Lomachenko in the amateur ranks. Competing for Russia he won the 2007 world title, the 2008 World Cup, and two European titles, in 2006 and 2010. After failing to qualify for the 2012 Olympics he moved to Azerbaijan and placed second at the 2015 World Championships and fifth at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
9. Manly Wade Wellman, American writer (b. 1903) deaths
  1. Manly Wade Wellman
    
    Manly Wade Wellman was an American writer. While his science fiction and fantasy stories appeared in such pulps as Astounding Stories, Startling Stories, Unknown and Strange Stories, Wellman is best remembered as one of the most popular contributors to the legendary Weird Tales, and for his fantasy and horror stories set in the Appalachian Mountains, which draw on the native folklore of that region. Karl Edward Wagner referred to him as "the dean of fantasy writers." Wellman also wrote in a wide variety of other genres, including historical fiction, detective fiction, western fiction, juvenile fiction, and non-fiction.
1985
1. Daniel Congré, French footballer births
  1. Daniel Congré
    
    Daniel Congré is a French professional footballer who plays as a defender for Ligue 2 club Dijon. He can operate all across defence, although he is most adept at centre-back. He is noted for his pace.
2. Erwin l'Ami, Dutch chess player births
  1. Erwin l'Ami
    
    Erwin l'Ami is a Dutch chess grandmaster.
3. Jolanda Keizer, Dutch heptathlete births
  1. Jolanda Keizer
    
    Jolanda Keizer is a Dutch heptathlete.
4. Sergey Khachatryan, Armenian violinist births
  1. Sergey Khachatryan
    
    Sergey Khachatryan is an Armenian violinist. Since 1993 he has lived in Germany where he gave his first orchestral concert at the age of nine in the Kurhaus, Wiesbaden.
5. Linas Pilibaitis, Lithuanian footballer births
  1. Linas Pilibaitis
    
    Linas Pilibaitis is a Lithuanian professional footballer.
6. Jan Smeets, Dutch chess grandmaster births
  1. Jan Smeets
    
    Jan Smeets is a Dutch chess grandmaster. He is a two-time Dutch Chess Champion.
7. Kristof Vandewalle, Belgian cyclist births
  1. Kristof Vandewalle
    
    Kristof Vandewalle is a Belgian former professional road cyclist, who rode professionally between 2008 and 2015 for the Topsport Vlaanderen–Mercator, Omega Pharma–Quick-Step and Trek Factory Racing teams. While a member of the Omega Pharma–Quick-Step squad, he won two successive World Team Time Trial Championships and two consecutive Belgian National Time Trial Championships.
1984
1. Marshall Allman, American actor births
  1. Marshall Allman
    
    Marshall Scot Allman is an American actor. He is known to television audiences for his role as L. J. Burrows on the Fox television series Prison Break. He is also known for playing Tommy Mickens on True Blood.
2. Aram Mp3, Armenian singer and comedian births
  1. Aram Mp3
    
    Aram Avetik Sargsyan, better known by his stage name Aram Mp3, is an Armenian singer and comedian. He represented Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Copenhagen with the song "Not Alone" and took the 4th place.
3. Rune Brattsveen, Norwegian biathlete births
  1. Rune Brattsveen
    
    Rune Brattsveen is a former Norwegian biathlete.
4. Alexei Glukhov, Russian ice hockey player births
  1. Alexei Glukhov
    
    Alexei Vladimirovich Glukhov is a Russian former professional ice hockey forward who last played under contract with HC Sibir Novosibirsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was selected by Tampa Bay Lightning in the 9th round of the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.
5. Maartje Goderie, Dutch field hockey player births
  1. Maartje Goderie
    
    Maartje Goderie is a Dutch field hockey player, who plays as forward for Dutch club HC Den Bosch. She also plays for the Netherlands national team and she was part of the Dutch squad that became World Champion at the 2006 Women's Hockey World Cup and which won the 2007 Champions Trophy.
6. Darija Jurak, Croatian tennis player births
  1. Darija Jurak Schreiber
    
    Darija Jurak Schreiber is a Croatian professional tennis player. Her career-high doubles ranking is world No. 9, achieved on 15 November 2021. Her best WTA ranking in singles of 188 she reached in April 2004.
7. Dejan Kelhar, Slovenian footballer births
  1. Dejan Kelhar
    
    Dejan Kelhar is a Slovenian footballer who plays for SV Übelbach as a defender.
8. Dmitry Kozonchuk, Russian cyclist births
  1. Dmitry Kozonchuk
    
    Dmitry Anatolyevich Kozonchuk is a Russian professional road bicycle racer, who last rode for UCI Professional Continental team Gazprom–RusVelo.
9. Shin Min-a, South Korean actress births
  1. Shin Min-a
    
    Shin Min-a is a South Korean model and actress best known for starring in television dramas A Love to Kill (2005), My Girlfriend Is a Nine-Tailed Fox (2010), Arang and the Magistrate (2012), Oh My Venus (2015), Tomorrow, With You (2017), Hometown Cha-Cha-Cha (2021), and Our Blues (2022).
10. Jess Sum, Hong Kong actress births
  1. Jess Sum
    
    Jess Sum Cheuk-ying is a Hong Kong actress previously under TVB.
11. Peter Penz, Austrian luger births
  1. Peter Penz
    
    Peter Penz is an Austrian former luger who competed between 2003 and 2018. He and doubles partner Georg Fischler took two medals at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyongchang: a silver in the doubles competition and a bronze in the team relay. They were also gold medallists in the doubles at the 2012 European Luge Championships in Paramonovo. In addition the pair took six medals at the FIL World Luge Championships: four in the doubles and two in mixed team competitions.
12. Samuele Preisig, Swiss footballer births
  1. Samuele Preisig
    
    Samuele Preisig is a footballer from Switzerland who currently plays as defender for AC Lugano since 25 January 2008.
13. Cristian Săpunaru, Romanian footballer births
  1. Cristian Săpunaru
    
    Cristian Ionuț Săpunaru is a Romanian professional footballer who plays mainly as a centre-back for Liga I club Rapid București, which he captains. He can also be deployed as a right-back or a defensive midfielder.
14. Fabio Vitaioli, San Marinese footballer births
  1. Fabio Vitaioli
    
    Fabio Vitaioli is a San Marinese footballer who currently plays for Murata and the San Marino national football team. Alongside playing football, Vitaioli also holds a day job as a bar owner.
15. Kisho Yano, Japanese footballer births
  1. Kisho Yano
    
    Kisho Yano is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a forward or right-back for Tochigi SC.
16. Saba Qamar, Pakistani actress-model births
  1. Saba Qamar
    
    Saba Qamar Zaman, known professionally as Saba Qamar, is a Pakistani actress who works predominantly in Urdu films and television. She has won several accolades including Lux Style Awards and Hum Awards. Qamar is one of Pakistan's most popular and highest-paid actresses. Government of Pakistan honoured her Tamgha-e-Imtiaz in 2012, and Pride of Performance in 2016.
17. Hans Lunding, Danish military officer (b. 1899) deaths
  1. Hans Lunding
    
    Hans Mathiesen Lunding (1899-1984) was a Danish officer, eventing rider, resistance fighter and director of military intelligence in Denmark.
18. Giuseppe Tucci, Italian scholar of oriental cultures (b. 1894) deaths
  1. Giuseppe Tucci
    
    Giuseppe Tucci was an Italian orientalist, Indologist and scholar of East Asian studies, specializing in Tibetan culture and the history of Buddhism. During its zenith, Tucci was a supporter of Italian fascism, and he used idealized portrayals of Asian traditions to support Italian ideological campaigns. Tucci was fluent in several European languages, Sanskrit, Bengali, Pali, Prakrit, Chinese and Tibetan and he taught at the University of Rome La Sapienza until his death. He is considered one of the founders of the field of Buddhist Studies.
1983
1. Jaime Castrillón, Colombian footballer births
  1. Jaime Castrillón
    
    Jaime Castrillón is a Colombian former footballer who last played for the Orlando SeaWolves in the Major Arena Soccer League.
2. Jorge Andrés Martínez, Uruguayan footballer births
  1. Jorge Martínez (footballer, born April 1983)
    
    Jorge Andrés Martínez Barrios is a Uruguayan footballer who last played as a midfielder for Juventud de Las Piedras.
3. Brock Radunske, Canadian-South Korean ice hockey player births
  1. Brock Radunske
    
    Brock Radunske is a Canadian-born South Korean former professional ice hockey forward. He was selected in the third round of the 2002 NHL Entry Draft, 79th overall, by the Edmonton Oilers.
4. Yohann Sangaré, French basketball player births
  1. Yohann Sangaré
    
    Yohann Sangaré is a French professional basketball player who currently plays ASVEL Basket of the LNB Pro A.
5. Cécile Storti, French cross-country skier births
  1. Cécile Storti
    
    Cécile Storti is a French cross-country skier who has competed since 2000. Competing in two Winter Olympics, she earned her best finish of sixth in the 4 × 5 km relay at Vancouver in 2010.
6. Shikha Uberoi, Indian-American tennis player births
  1. Shikha Uberoi
    
    Shikha Devi Uberoi is an American former professional tennis player, who represented India in international tournaments and a former Indian No. 1. After Nirupama Sanjeev, she is the second Indian female player in history to crack the top 200 rankings by the WTA.
7. Abd al-Quddus al-Ansari, Saudi Arabian historian, journalist and writer. (b. 1907) deaths
  1. Abd al-Quddus al-Ansari
    
    Abd al-Quddus al-Ansari was a Saudi Arabian historian, journalist and writer, born and raised in Medina under Ottoman and Hashemite rule into a Khazraji family. Employed by local government just after graduation from a local madrasah in 1928, he held several official positions from 1928 to 1954. A self-taught historian and archaeologist, he was the author of works about the history of Medina and wrote about various topics of his region, the Hejaz. In 1937, he founded “Al-Manhal” monthly magazine. He also wrote literary works like The Twins (1930), the first Hejazi-Saudi novel, but his many professional activities prevented him from writing more than one novel. He died at the age of 76 in Mecca due to an incurable disease and was buried in Al-Mu'alla Cemetery.
1982
1. Hayley Atwell, English-American actress births
  1. Hayley Atwell
    
    Hayley Elizabeth Atwell is a British and American actress. Born and raised in London, Atwell studied acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, and made her stage debut in a 2005 production of James Kerr's translation of the Ancient Greek tragedy Prometheus Bound. She subsequently appeared in multiple West End productions and on television, and was recognised for her breakthrough role as Lady Elizabeth Foster in The Duchess (2008), for which she was nominated for a British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. Her leading performance in the miniseries The Pillars of the Earth (2010) earned her a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Miniseries or Television Film.
2. Matheus Coradini Vivian, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Matheus Vivian
    
    Matheus Coradini Vivian is a Brazilian former professional footballer. He also holds an Italian passport.
3. Thomas Hitzlsperger, German footballer births
  1. Thomas Hitzlsperger
    
    Thomas Hitzlsperger is a German director of football and former footballer who played as a midfielder. In February 2019, he was appointed Head of Sport of VfB Stuttgart and was subsequently promoted to CEO. In March 2022, he stepped down from this position.
4. Kelly Pavlik, American boxer births
  1. Kelly Pavlik
    
    Kelly Robert Pavlik is an American former professional boxer who competed from 2000 to 2012. He won the unified WBC, WBO, Ring magazine and lineal middleweight titles by defeating Jermain Taylor in 2007, and made three successful defenses before losing them to Sergio Martínez in 2010.
5. Matt Pickens, American soccer player births
  1. Matt Pickens
    
    Matt Pickens is an American retired soccer player who is currently the goalkeeping coach for Nashville SC in Major League Soccer.
6. Alexandre Prémat, French race car driver births
  1. Alexandre Prémat
    
    Alexandre Prémat is a French racing driver. He won the Pirtek Enduro Cup for Triple Eight Race Engineering alongside Shane van Gisbergen in 2016. He also won the 2019 Supercheap Auto Bathurst 1000 with Scott McLaughlin, driving for DJR Team Penske.
7. Danylo Sapunov, Ukrainian-Kazakhstani triathlete births
  1. Danylo Sapunov
    
    Danylo Sapunov, is a Kazakhstani and Ukrainian professional triathlete. From 2008 to 2010, Danylo Sapunov was married to the Ukrainian triathlete Yuliya Yelistratova.
8. Hubert Schwab, Swiss cyclist births
  1. Hubert Schwab
    
    Hubert Schwab is a Swiss former professional road bicycle racer. In his final year as a professional he rode for UCI Continental team Price–Custom Bikes. He retired from cycling after 2011 in order to return to his studies.
9. Marcel Seip, Dutch former footballer births
  1. Marcel Seip
    
    Marcel Seip is a Dutch former professional footballer who plays as a centre back for ACV in the Dutch Hoofdklasse. He previously played for Veendam, Heerenveen, Plymouth Argyle, Blackpool, Sheffield United, Charlton Athletic, Bradford City, VVV Venlo, Central Coast Mariners and FC Emmen.
10. Abe Fortas, American lawyer and jurist (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Abe Fortas
    
    Abraham Fortas was an American lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1965 to 1969. Born and raised in Memphis, Tennessee, Fortas graduated from Rhodes College and Yale Law School. He later became a law professor at Yale Law School and then an advisor for the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Fortas worked at the Department of the Interior under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and was appointed by President Harry S. Truman to delegations that helped set up the United Nations in 1945.
1981
1. Matthew Emmons, American rifle shooter births
  1. Matthew Emmons
    
    Matthew D. Emmons is an American rifle shooter. He competed in various events at the 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016 Olympics and won a gold, a silver, and a bronze medal.
2. Michael A. Monsoor, American sailor, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2006) births
  1. Michael A. Monsoor
    
    Michael Anthony Monsoor was a United States Navy SEAL who was killed during Invasion of Iraq and posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor. He enlisted in the United States Navy in 2001 and graduated from Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL Training BUD/S class 250 in 2004. After further training he was assigned to Delta Platoon, SEAL Team 3.
  2. Medal of Honor
    
    The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the president of the United States, but as it is presented "in the name of the United States Congress", it is sometimes erroneously referred to as the "Congressional Medal of Honor".
3. Mariqueen Maandig, Filipino-American musician and singer-songwriter births
  1. Mariqueen Maandig
    
    Mariqueen Maandig Reznor is an American singer, songwriter, and musician.
4. Daba Modibo Keïta, Malian taekwondo athlete births
  1. Daba Modibo Keïta
    
    Daba Modibo Keïta is a Malian taekwondo athlete. Keïta has competed in international competitions since 1996, and in 2007 became the heavyweight (+84 kg) division 2007 World Taekwondo Champion in Beijing, and competed in both the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in the +80 kg class.
5. Marissa Nadler, American musician births
  1. Marissa Nadler
    
    Marissa Nadler is an American musician and fine artist. Active since 2000, she is currently signed to Sacred Bones Records and Bella Union, and released her ninth full-length studio album, The Path of the Clouds, in October 2021. As a singer-songwriter, her music has been characterized as blending "traditional folk, Gothic Americana, and dreamy pop into an original musical framework". Her music "is rooted in old-school country and folk but brings in elements of experimental and black metal". Sometimes the term "dream folk" has been invoked to describe her work.
6. Tom Riley, English actor and producer births
  1. Tom Riley (actor)
    
    Tom Riley is an English actor, producer and director. Riley was born in Maidstone, Kent. He became involved in drama in his hometown at the age of four, and spent his school years writing and directing plays. He attended Maidstone Grammar School. He studied English literature and drama at the University of Birmingham, graduating in 2002 with first class honours.
7. Mompati Thuma, Botswana footballer births
  1. Mompati Thuma
    
    Mompati Thuma is a Botswana footballer. He currently plays for the Botswana Defence Force XI in the Botswana Premier League.
8. Pieter Weening, Dutch cyclist births
  1. Pieter Weening
    
    Pieter Weening is a Dutch former professional road bicycle racer, who rode professionally for the Rabobank (2004–2011), Orica–GreenEDGE (2012–2015), Roompot–Charles (2016–2019), and Trek–Segafredo (2020) teams.
9. Émile Hanse, Belgian footballer (b. 1892) deaths
  1. Émile Hanse
    
    Émile Jean Ghislain Hanse was a Belgian football (soccer) player who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Belgium team, which won the gold medal in the football tournament. Hanse played for R.U. Saint-Gilloise and appeared in 254 matches and scored 23 goals.
10. Bob Hite, American singer-songwriter (b. 1945) deaths
  1. Bob Hite
    
    Robert Ernest Hite was the co-lead vocalist of the American blues and rock band Canned Heat, from 1965 to his death in 1981. His nickname was "The Bear".
11. Pinchus Kremegne, French artist (b. 1890) deaths
  1. Pinchus Kremegne
    
    Pinchus Krémègne, aka Pinchus Kremegne, was a Lithuanian Jewish-French artist, primarily known as a sculptor, painter and lithographer.
1980
1. Matt Bonner, American basketball player births
  1. Matt Bonner
    
    Matthew Robert Bonner, also known as the Red Rocket or Red Mamba, is an American former professional basketball player. Bonner played college basketball for the University of Florida before being selected by the Chicago Bulls with the 45th overall pick in the 2003 NBA draft. During his career Bonner played for the Toronto Raptors and the San Antonio Spurs with whom he won two NBA championships.
2. Alberta Brianti, Italian tennis player births
  1. Alberta Brianti
    
    Alberta Brianti is a former professional tennis player from Italy.
3. Rafael Cavalcante, Brazilian mixed martial artist births
  1. Rafael Cavalcante
    
    Rafael Cavalcante is a Brazilian mixed martial artist who fights in the light heavyweight division. He is currently competing for Bellator MMA. He trains with Anderson Silva and Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira as part of the Black House camp. He formerly competed in Strikeforce, where he was at one time Strikeforce Light Heavyweight Champion. His nickname "Feijão" means "bean" in Portuguese. He holds notable wins over Muhammed "King Mo" Lawal and Yoel Romero.
4. David Chocarro, Argentinian baseball player and actor births
  1. David Chocarro
    
    David Chocarro is a former baseball player and Argentine model and actor.
5. Mike Glumac, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Mike Glumac
    
    Michael Glumac is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player who last played as Captain for Croatian hockey club KHL Medveščak Zagreb in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He is of Croatian descent.
6. Mario Kasun, Croatian basketball player births
  1. Mario Kasun
    
    Mario Kasun is a Croatian former professional basketball player. He played at the center position.
7. Lee Jae-won, South Korean DJ and singer births
  1. Lee Jae-won (singer)
    
    Lee Jae-won is a South Korean DJ and singer. He is the former member of Korean groups H.O.T. and jtL.
8. Joris Mathijsen, Dutch footballer births
  1. Joris Mathijsen
    
    Joris Mathijsen is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. He is the director of football at Willem II.
9. Rasmus Quist Hansen, Danish rower births
  1. Rasmus Quist Hansen
    
    Rasmus Quist Hansen, also known as Rasmus Quist, is a Danish rower and double World Champion in the lightweight double sculls, with his partner Mads Rasmussen.
10. Odlanier Solís, Cuban boxer births
  1. Odlanier Solís
    
    Odlanier Solís Fonte is a Cuban professional boxer. He has challenged once for the WBC heavyweight title in 2011, and is a former top-rated contender in that division. As an amateur heavyweight, Solis was one of the most celebrated and decorated amateur stars of the 2000s, winning a gold medal at the 2004 Olympics, and three consecutive golds at the World Championships in 2001, 2003, and 2005. Odlanier Solís beat Luis Ortiz multiple times in the amateurs, never losing to him.
1979
1. Vlada Avramov, Serbian footballer births
  1. Vlada Avramov
    
    Vladimir "Vlada" Avramov is a Serbian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He works as David Suazo's goalkeeping coach for Brescia.
2. Josh Boone, American screenwriter and director births
  1. Josh Boone (director)
    
    Josh Boone is an American filmmaker. He is best known for directing the romantic drama The Fault in Our Stars (2014), based on the novel of the same name. Boone also wrote and directed the romantic comedy Stuck in Love (2012) and the superhero horror film The New Mutants (2020). In 2020, he directed the first and last episode of the miniseries The Stand.
3. Song Dae-nam, South Korean judoka births
  1. Song Dae-nam
    
    Song Dae-Nam is a former South Korean judoka.
4. Timo Hildebrand, German footballer births
  1. Timo Hildebrand
    
    Timo Hildebrand is a German former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
5. Imany, French singer births
  1. Imany
    
    Nadia Mladjao, better known by her stage name Imany, is a French pop-soul recording artist of Comorian descent. Her debut album, The Shape of a Broken Heart, which was released in 2011, reached platinum status in France, Greece and triple platinum in Poland.
6. Barel Mouko, Congolese footballer births
  1. Barel Mouko
    
    Barel Morial Mouko is a Congolese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Daring Club Motema Pembe.
7. Cesare Natali, Italian footballer births
  1. Cesare Natali
    
    Cesare Natali is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.
8. Mitsuo Ogasawara, Japanese footballer births
  1. Mitsuo Ogasawara
    
    Mitsuo Ogasawara is a Japanese former. professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He played for Japan national team.
9. Alexander Resch, German luger births
  1. Alexander Resch
    
    Alexander Resch is a German luger who competed from 1998 to 2010. Together with Patric Leitner, he won the men's doubles event at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, United States. They also competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics, finishing sixth. At their last race at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, they won bronze.
10. Andrius Velička, Lithuanian footballer births
  1. Andrius Velička
    
    Andrius Velička is a Lithuanian retired professional association footballer who played as a striker for clubs in Russia, Kazakhstan, Scotland, England, Norway and Azerbaijan in addition to his homeland. He also played for the Lithuania national team.
11. Dante Wesley, American football player births
  1. Dante Wesley
    
    Dante Julius Wesley is a former American football cornerback. He was drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the fourth round of the 2002 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff. Wesley was also a member of the Chicago Bears, New England Patriots and Detroit Lions.
12. Chen Yanqing, Chinese weightlifter births
  1. Chen Yanqing
    
    Chen Yanqing is a Chinese weightlifter who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics and the 2008 Summer Olympics. She won the gold medal in the 58 kg class in both competitions, making her the first woman to win gold medals in weightlifting in two consecutive Olympics.
1978
1. Dwain Chambers, British track sprinter births
  1. Dwain Chambers
    
    Dwain Anthony Chambers is a British track sprinter. He has won international medals at World and European levels and is one of the fastest European sprinters in the history of athletics. His primary event is the 100 metres, with a best of 9.97 seconds, which ranks him fifth on the British all-time list. He is the European record holder for the 60 metres and 4×100 metres relay events with 6.42 seconds and 37.73 s respectively.
2. Marcone Amaral Costa, Qatari footballer births
  1. Marcone (footballer, born 1978)
    
    Marcone Amaral Costa Jr. known as Marcone is a naturalized Qatari footballer. His name has also been misspelled as Marconi.
3. Tarek El-Said, Egyptian footballer births
  1. Tarek El-Said
    
    Tarek El-Said is a former Egyptian footballer. He was a left winger who played for Al-Ahly, Zamalek, and Anderlecht in the Belgian First Division.
4. Jairo Patiño, Colombian footballer births
  1. Jairo Patiño
    
    Jairo Leonard Patiño Rosero is a Colombian retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
5. Sohyang, South Korean singer births
  1. Sohyang
    
    Kim So-hyang, known mononymously as Sohyang, is a South Korean singer-songwriter who has been dubbed by the international media as the "Korean Mariah Carey". According to Sohyang, her goal is to use her voice to comfort people who are going through difficult times. Sohyang is also an author of fiction, who has published multiple fantasy novels since 2013, the most well-known of them being Crystal Castle and Anaxion.
6. Stephen Jackson, American basketball player births
  1. Stephen Jackson
    
    Stephen Jesse Jackson is an American former professional basketball player who played 14 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the New Jersey Nets, Atlanta Hawks, Indiana Pacers, Golden State Warriors, Milwaukee Bucks, Charlotte Bobcats, San Antonio Spurs, and Los Angeles Clippers. Jackson won an NBA championship with the Spurs in 2003. Jackson has emerged as a visible activist and spokesman for civil rights during the Black Lives Matter movement.
7. Arnaud Tournant, French cyclist births
  1. Arnaud Tournant
    
    Arnaud Tournant is a French track cyclist. He has won 14 World Championships and won a gold, silver and a bronze at the Summer Olympics.
8. Franziska van Almsick, German swimmer births
  1. Franziska van Almsick
    
    Franziska van Almsick is a German swimmer. She won her first Olympic medals in 1992 at the Barcelona Olympic Games aged 14.
9. Günther Weidlinger, Austrian long-distance runner births
  1. Günther Weidlinger
    
    Günther Weidlinger is an Austrian long-distance runner who is a former 3000 metres steeplechase specialist but now competes in the marathon.
1977
1. Jonathan Erlich, Israeli tennis player births
  1. Jonathan Erlich
    
    Jonathan Dario "Yoni" Erlich is an Israeli former professional tennis player. During his career, he was mainly a doubles specialist, having won the men's doubles title at the 2008 Australian Open with Andy Ram. He attained his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 5 in July 2008. Erlich has reached 44 doubles finals and won 22, mostly with partner Andy Ram; together, they are known in Israel as "Andyoni". His Davis Cup doubles record, as of 2018, was 22–12.
2. Trevor Letowski, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Trevor Letowski
    
    Trevor Letowski is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former professional player. Letowski played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Phoenix Coyotes, Vancouver Canucks, Columbus Blue Jackets, and the Carolina Hurricanes. Letowski was the head coach of the OHL's Sarnia Sting and the Windsor Spitfires. Letowski is currently an assistant coach for the NHL's Montreal Canadiens.
3. Daniel Majstorović, Swedish footballer births
  1. Daniel Majstorović
    
    Daniel Majstorović is a Swedish former footballer who played as a centre back.
4. Carlos Prío Socarrás, President of Cuba, (b. 1903) deaths
  1. Carlos Prío Socarrás
    
    Carlos Manuel Prío Socarrás was a Cuban politician. He served as the President of Cuba from 1948 until he was deposed by a military coup led by Fulgencio Batista on March 10, 1952, three months before new elections were to be held. He was the first president of Cuba to be born in an independent Cuba and the last to gain his post through universal, contested elections. He went into exile in the United States, where he lived for 25 years before dying by suicide at age 73.
  2. President of Cuba
    
    The president of Cuba, officially the president of the Republic of Cuba, is the head of state of Cuba. The office in its current form was established under the Constitution of 2019. The President is the second-highest office in Cuba and the highest state office. Miguel Díaz-Canel became President of the Council of State on 19 April 2018, taking over from Raúl Castro, and has been President of Cuba since 10 October 2019.
5. Yuri Zavadsky, Russian actor and director (b. 1894) deaths
  1. Yuri Zavadsky
    
    Yuri Aleksandrovich Zavadsky was a Soviet and Russian theater director, actor and pedagogue. People's Artist of the USSR (1948) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1973).
1976
1. Luis de Agustini, Uruguayan footballer births
  1. Luis de Agustini
    
    Luis Alejandro Rubén de Agustini Varela, known simply as Luis de Agustini, is a footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Plaza Colonia in the Uruguayan Segunda División.
2. Péter Biros, Hungarian water polo player births
  1. Péter Biros
    
    Péter Biros is a Hungarian former water polo player, who played on the gold medal squads at the 2000 Summer Olympics, 2004 Summer Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics, which makes him one of ten male athletes who won three Olympic gold medals in water polo. He also competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
3. Sterling K. Brown, American actor births
  1. Sterling K. Brown
    
    Sterling Kelby Brown is an American actor. He has portrayed Christopher Darden in the FX limited series The People v. O. J. Simpson: American Crime Story (2016) and stars as Randall Pearson in the NBC drama series This Is Us. Both roles have earned him Primetime Emmy Awards and the latter also won him a Golden Globe Award. He has also had supporting roles in the films Black Panther (2018) and Waves (2019), and recently appeared on the Amazon Prime original series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel. He has also voiced characters in The Angry Birds Movie 2 and Frozen II, both released in 2019. He was included in Time magazine's list of 100 Most Influential People of 2018.
4. Aleksei Budõlin, Estonian judoka births
  1. Aleksei Budõlin
    
    Aleksei Budõlin is an Estonian judoka. At the 2000 Summer Olympics he won the bronze medal in the men's Half Middleweight (73–81 kg) category, together with Nuno Delgado of Portugal.
5. Simone Inzaghi, Italian footballer births
  1. Simone Inzaghi
    
    Simone Inzaghi is an Italian professional football manager and former player. He is the head coach of Serie A club Inter Milan.
6. Fernando Morientes, Spanish footballer and coach births
  1. Fernando Morientes
    
    Fernando Morientes Sánchez is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a striker, currently a manager.
7. Natascha Ragosina, Russian boxer births
  1. Natascha Ragosina
    
    Natalia Yurievna Ragozina, better known as Natascha Ragosina, is an undefeated retired Russian professional boxer who spent much of her career ranked as the top female super middleweight in the world.
8. Henrik Stenson, Swedish golfer births
  1. Henrik Stenson
    
    Henrik Olof Stenson is a Swedish professional golfer.
9. Valeria Straneo, Italian long-distance runner births
  1. Valeria Straneo
    
    Valeria Straneo is an Italian long-distance runner, winner of the silver medal at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics and Italian record holder in the marathon.
10. Indrek Tobreluts, Estonian biathlete births
  1. Indrek Tobreluts
    
    Indrek Tobreluts is an Estonian former biathlete and cross-country skier. He has competed at five Winter Olympics.
11. Anouska van der Zee, Dutch cyclist births
  1. Anouska van der Zee
    
    Annuska Johanna Maria 'Anouska' van der Zee is a retired Dutch racing cyclist. She participated both on track and at the road.
12. Howard Hughes, American pilot, engineer, and director (b. 1905) deaths
  1. Howard Hughes
    
    Howard Robard Hughes Jr. was an American business magnate, record-setting pilot, engineer, film producer, and philanthropist, known during his lifetime as one of the most influential and richest people in the world. He first became prominent as a film producer, and then as an important figure in the aviation industry. Later in life, he became known for his eccentric behavior and reclusive lifestyle—oddities that were caused in part by his worsening obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), chronic pain from a near-fatal plane crash, and increasing deafness.
13. Wilder Penfield, American-Canadian surgeon and academic (b. 1891) deaths
  1. Wilder Penfield
    
    Wilder Graves Penfield was an American-Canadian neurosurgeon. He expanded brain surgery's methods and techniques, including mapping the functions of various regions of the brain such as the cortical homunculus. His scientific contributions on neural stimulation expand across a variety of topics including hallucinations, illusions, and déjà vu. Penfield devoted much of his thinking to mental processes, including contemplation of whether there was any scientific basis for the existence of the human soul.
14. Harry Wyld, British cyclist (b. 1900) deaths
  1. Harry Wyld
    
    Frederick Henry "Harry" Wyld was a British track cyclist. He won bronze medals at the 1924 and the 1928 Summer Olympics.
1975
1. Sarah Baldock, English organist and conductor births
  1. Sarah Baldock
    
    Sarah Baldock is an English organist and choral conductor, formerly the Organist and Master of the Choristers of Chichester Cathedral. She is notable as one of the earliest women to be appointed to the senior music post at a Church of England cathedral. She was married to counter-tenor David Hurley. Baldock has become known as a popular soloist in the UK and abroad.
2. John Hartson, Welsh footballer and coach births
  1. John Hartson
    
    John Hartson is a Welsh former professional footballer, coach and sports television pundit for S4C, Sky Sports, Premier Sports TV and BT Sport.
3. Juicy J, American rapper and producer births
  1. Juicy J
    
    Jordan Michael Houston III, known professionally as Juicy J, is an American rapper and record producer. Originally from Memphis, Tennessee, he is a founding member of the Southern hip hop group Three 6 Mafia, established in 1991. The group won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for their single "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp". His most notable singles as a soloist are his features on the Top 40 singles: Mike Will Made It's "23", Usher's "I Don't Mind" and his own single "Bandz a Make Her Dance", the last of which served as the lead single for his third album and major label debut Stay Trippy on August 27, 2013. The album was followed up by Rubba Band Business (2017), which was his final project on a major label before independently releasing his most recent album The Hustle Continues (2020).
4. Serhiy Klymentiev, Ukrainian ice hockey player births
  1. Serhiy Klymentiev
    
    Serhiy Volodomyrovych Klymentiev is a Ukrainian former professional ice hockey defenceman.
5. Caitlin Moran, English journalist, author, and critic births
  1. Caitlin Moran
    
    Catherine Elizabeth Moran is an English journalist, author, and broadcaster at The Times, where she writes three columns a week: one for the Saturday Magazine, a TV review column, and the satirical Friday column "Celebrity Watch".
6. Marcos Vales, Spanish footballer births
  1. Marcos Vales
    
    Marcos Vales Illanes is a Spanish former footballer who played as a midfielder.
7. Shammond Williams, American basketball player and coach births
  1. Shammond Williams
    
    Shammond Omar Williams is a retired American-born naturalized Georgian professional basketball player. Standing at 1.85 m, he played at both point guard and shooting guard positions. During his career he played in the NBA and in Europe. He is currently an assistant coach for the Old Dominion Lady Monarchs basketball team.
8. Tell Berna, American middle and long-distance runner (b. 1891) deaths
  1. Tell Berna
    
    Tell Schirnding Berna was an American middle-distance and long-distance runner.
9. Victor Marijnen, Dutch politician (b. 1917) deaths
  1. Victor Marijnen
    
    Victor Gerard Marie Marijnen was a Dutch politician of the defunct Catholic People's Party (KVP) now the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 24 July 1963 until 14 April 1965.
10. Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese general and politician, 1st President of the Republic of China (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Chiang Kai-shek
    
    Chiang Kai-shek

Important events in history on April 5 th

Events

Nguyễn Xuân Phúc

President of Vietnam

Prime Minister of Vietnam

Coal mining

West Virginia

Upper Big Branch Mine disaster

Upper Big Branch Mine disaster

Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2

Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground

Intercontinental ballistic missile

North Korea

Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2

Japan

United Nations Security Council

Six-party talks

Cruise ship

MS Sea Diamond

Nea Kameni

2000 UEFA Cup semi-final violence

UEFA Europa League

Leeds United F.C.

Galatasaray S.K. (football)

History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi

Pan Am Flight 103

1988

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

List of longest suspension bridge spans

Awaji Island

Kobe

Japan

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

Alberto Fujimori

1992 Peruvian self-coup d'état

Siege of Sarajevo

Suada and Olga bridge

Sarajevo

Bosnian War

Atlantic Southeast Airlines

Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia

Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311

Brunswick, Georgia

John Tower

Sonny Carter

West Berlin discotheque bombing

West Berlin

Supreme Court of the United States

Sioux

Tiananmen Square protests (disambiguation)

Zhou Enlai

Cultural Revolution

Tiananmen Square

China

1976 Tiananmen Incident

Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna

1971 JVP insurrection

United Front (Sri Lanka)

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

Vietnam War

Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War

Buddhist Uprising

South Vietnam

Nguyễn Cao Kỳ

Da Nang

Buddhist Uprising

Nguyễn Cao Kỳ

Da Nang

Ripple Rock

Seymour Narrows

Canada

Cuban Revolution

Fidel Castro

President of Cuba

Fulgencio Batista

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

Espionage

Soviet Union

Important events in history
on April 5 ^th