Important events in history
on September 27 ^th

Events

2020
1. Second Nagorno-Karabakh war: Azerbaijan launched an offensive against the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh, inhabited predominantly by ethnic Armenians.
  1. Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
    
    The Second Nagorno-Karabakh War was an armed conflict in 2020 that took place in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding territories. It was a major escalation of an unresolved conflict over the region, involving Azerbaijan, Armenia and the self-declared Armenian breakaway state of Artsakh. The war lasted for more than a month and resulted in Azerbaijani victory, with Armenia ceding the territories it had occupied in 1994 surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh. The defeat ignited anti-government protests in Armenia. Post-war skirmishes continued in the region, including substantial clashes in 2022.
  2. Azerbaijan
    
    Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city.
  3. Republic of Artsakh
    
    Artsakh, officially the Republic of Artsakh or the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, is a breakaway state in the South Caucasus whose territory is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan. Artsakh controls a part of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast, including the capital of Stepanakert. It is an enclave within Azerbaijan. Its only overland access route to Armenia is via the 5 km (3.1 mi) wide Lachin corridor which is under the control of Russian peacekeepers.
  4. Armenians
    
    Armenians are an ethnic group native to the Armenian highlands of Western Asia. Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Artsakh. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around five million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France, Georgia, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, Lebanon, Brazil, and Syria. With the exceptions of Iran and the former Soviet states, the present-day Armenian diaspora was formed mainly as a result of the Armenian genocide.
2019
1. Over two million people participated in worldwide strikes to protest climate change across 2,400 locations worldwide.
  1. September 2019 climate strikes
    
    The September 2019 climate strikes, also known as the Global Week for Future, were a series of international strikes and protests to demand action be taken to address climate change, which took place from 20–27 September 2019. The strikes' key dates were 20 September, which was three days before the United Nations Climate Summit, and 27 September. The protests took place across 4,500 locations in 150 countries. The event is a part of the school strike for climate movement, inspired by Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg. The Guardian reported that roughly 6 million people participated in the events, whilst 350.org – a group that organised many of the protests – claim that 7.6 million people participated.
2014
1. Mount Ontake in central Japan unexpectedly erupted, killing 63 people in the nation's deadliest eruption in more than 100 years.
  1. Mount Ontake
    
    Mount Ontake , also referred to as Mount Kiso Ontake , is the 14th highest mountain and second highest volcano in Japan at 3,067 m (10,062 ft). It is included in 100 Famous Japanese Mountains.
  2. 2014 Mount Ontake eruption
    
    A volcanic eruption of Mount Ontake took place on September 27, 2014, killing 63 people. Mount Ontake is a volcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu around 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Nagoya and around 200 km (120 mi) west of Tokyo. It was the first fatal volcanic eruption in Japan since the 1991 eruption at Mount Unzen, and the deadliest volcanic eruption in Japan since Torishima killed an estimated 150 people in 1902.
2. The eruption of Mount Ontake in Japan occurs.
  1. 2014 Mount Ontake eruption
    
    A volcanic eruption of Mount Ontake took place on September 27, 2014, killing 63 people. Mount Ontake is a volcano located on the Japanese island of Honshu around 100 kilometres (62 mi) northeast of Nagoya and around 200 km (120 mi) west of Tokyo. It was the first fatal volcanic eruption in Japan since the 1991 eruption at Mount Unzen, and the deadliest volcanic eruption in Japan since Torishima killed an estimated 150 people in 1902.
2012
1. In Minneapolis, a gunman shoots seven citizens, killing five and then himself.
  1. Minneapolis firm shooting
    
    A mass shooting occurred at a firm in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on the afternoon of Thursday, September 27, 2012. The attack took place inside Accent Signage Systems, where a former employee walked into the firm's building and fired a Glock 19 9mm pistol. By the end of the day, five people were dead, including the gunman who committed suicide, and four others were injured, three of them critically. One of those critically injured died the following day, and another man succumbed to his wounds on October 10. It was the deadliest workplace shooting in Minnesota's history.
2008
1. CNSA astronaut Zhai Zhigang becomes the first Chinese person to perform a spacewalk.
  1. Zhai Zhigang
    
    Zhai Zhigang is a Chinese major general of the People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force (PLASSF) in active service as a People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps (PLAAC) taikonaut. During the Shenzhou 7 mission in 2008, he became the first Chinese citizen to carry out a spacewalk. He was a People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) fighter pilot.
2007
1. NASA launches the Dawn probe to the asteroid belt.
  1. Dawn (spacecraft)
    
    Dawn is a retired space probe that was launched by NASA in September 2007 with the mission of studying two of the three known protoplanets of the asteroid belt: Vesta and Ceres. In the fulfillment of that mission—the ninth in NASA's Discovery Program—Dawn entered orbit around Vesta on July 16, 2011, and completed a 14-month survey mission before leaving for Ceres in late 2012. It entered orbit around Ceres on March 6, 2015. In 2017, NASA announced that the planned nine-year mission would be extended until the probe's hydrazine fuel supply was depleted. On November 1, 2018, NASA announced that Dawn had depleted its hydrazine, and the mission was ended. The spacecraft is currently in a derelict, but stable, orbit around Ceres.
2003
1. The SMART-1 satellite is launched.
  1. SMART-1
    
    SMART-1 was a Swedish-designed European Space Agency satellite that orbited around the Moon. It was launched on 27 September 2003 at 23:14 UTC from the Guiana Space Centre in Kourou, French Guiana. "SMART-1" stands for Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology-1. On 3 September 2006, SMART-1 was deliberately crashed into the Moon's surface, ending its mission.
2001
1. In Switzerland, a gunman shoots 18 citizens, killing 14 and then himself.
  1. Zug massacre
    
    The Zug massacre took place on 27 September 2001 in the city of Zug in the canton's parliament. Friedrich Leibacher shot dead 14 people before killing himself.
1998
1. The Google internet search engine retroactively claims this date as its birthday.
  1. Google
    
    Google LLC is an American multinational technology company focusing on search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, and consumer electronics. It has been referred to as "the most powerful company in the world" and one of the world's most valuable brands due to its market dominance, data collection, and technological advantages in the area of artificial intelligence. Its parent company Alphabet is considered one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Amazon, Apple, Meta, and Microsoft.
1996
1. The Taliban drove Afghan President Burhanuddin Rabbani out of Kabul, tortured and murdered former president Mohammad Najibullah, and established the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
  1. Taliban
    
    The Taliban, which also refers to itself by its state name, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a Deobandi Islamic fundamentalist, militant Islamist, jihadist, and Pashtun nationalist political movement in Afghanistan. It ruled approximately three-quarters of the country from 1996 to 2001, before being overthrown following the United States invasion. It recaptured Kabul on 15 August 2021 after nearly 20 years of insurgency, and currently controls all of the country, although its government has not yet been recognized by any country. The Taliban government has been criticized for restricting human rights in Afghanistan, including the right of women and girls to work and to have an education.
  2. Burhanuddin Rabbani
    
    Burhānuddīn Rabbānī was an Afghan politician and teacher who served as President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996.
  3. Kabul
    
    Kabul is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan. Located in the eastern half of the country, it is also a municipality, forming part of the Kabul Province; it is administratively divided into 22 municipal districts. According to late 2022 estimates, the population of Kabul was 13.5 million people. In contemporary times, the city has served as Afghanistan's political, cultural, and economical centre, and rapid urbanisation has made Kabul the 75th-largest city in the world and the country's primate city.
  4. Mohammad Najibullah
    
    Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai, commonly known as Dr. Najib, was an Afghan politician who served as the General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, the leader of the one-party ruling Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992 and as well as the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until his resignation in April 1992, shortly after which the mujahideen took over Kabul. After a failed attempt to flee to India, Najibullah remained in Kabul. He lived in the United Nations headquarters until his assassination by the Taliban after their capture of the city.
  5. Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
    
    The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, also referred to as the First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, was an Islamic state established in September 1996, when the Taliban began their governance of Afghanistan after the fall of Kabul. At its peak, the Taliban government controlled approximately 90% of the country, while remaining regions in the northeast were held by the Northern Alliance, which maintained broad international recognition as a continuation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan.
2. The Battle of Kabul ends in a Taliban victory; an Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is established.
  1. Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)
    
    The Battle of Kabul was a series of intermittent battles and sieges over the city of Kabul during the period of 1992–1996.
  2. Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
    
    The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, also referred to as the First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, was an Islamic state established in September 1996, when the Taliban began their governance of Afghanistan after the fall of Kabul. At its peak, the Taliban government controlled approximately 90% of the country, while remaining regions in the northeast were held by the Northern Alliance, which maintained broad international recognition as a continuation of the Islamic State of Afghanistan.
3. Confusion on a tanker ship results in the Julie N. oil spill in Portland, Maine.
  1. Julie N. oil spill
    
    The Julie N. is a Liberian tanker that was involved in an oil spill occurring on the Fore River on 27 September 1996 in Portland, Maine. The 560 foot (170 m) ship was carrying over 200,000 barrels (32,000 m3) of heating oil and was headed towards a docking station in South Portland to unload its contents.
1993
1. The Sukhumi massacre takes place in Abkhazia.
  1. Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Sukhumi
    
    The Sukhumi massacre took place on September 27, 1993, during and after the fall of Sukhumi into separatist hands in the course of the War in Abkhazia. It was perpetrated against Georgian civilians of Sukhumi, mainly by militia forces of Abkhaz separatists and North Caucasian allies. It became part of a violent ethnic cleansing campaign carried out by the separatists.
1988
1. Led by pro-democracy activist Aung San Suu Kyi (pictured), the political party National League for Democracy was founded in Burma.
  1. Aung San Suu Kyi
    
    Aung San Suu Kyi is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as State Counsellor of Myanmar and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2021. She has served as the chairperson of the National League for Democracy (NLD) since 2011, having been the general secretary from 1988 to 2011. She played a vital role in Myanmar's transition from military junta to partial democracy in the 2010s.
  2. National League for Democracy
    
    The National League for Democracy is a liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma). It became the country's ruling party after a landslide victory in the 2015 general election but was overthrown in a military coup d'état in early 2021 following another landslide election victory in 2020.
2. The National League for Democracy is formed by Aung San Suu Kyi and others to fight dictatorship in Myanmar.
  1. National League for Democracy
    
    The National League for Democracy is a liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma). It became the country's ruling party after a landslide victory in the 2015 general election but was overthrown in a military coup d'état in early 2021 following another landslide election victory in 2020.
  2. Aung San Suu Kyi
    
    Aung San Suu Kyi is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as State Counsellor of Myanmar and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2021. She has served as the chairperson of the National League for Democracy (NLD) since 2011, having been the general secretary from 1988 to 2011. She played a vital role in Myanmar's transition from military junta to partial democracy in the 2010s.
1983
1. Software developer Richard Stallman announced plans for the Unix-like GNU operating system, the first free software developed by the GNU Project.
  1. Richard Stallman
    
    Richard Matthew Stallman, also known by his initials, rms, is an American free software movement activist and programmer. He campaigns for software to be distributed in such a manner that its users have the freedom to use, study, distribute, and modify that software. Software that ensures these freedoms is termed free software. Stallman launched the GNU Project, founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in October 1985, developed the GNU Compiler Collection and GNU Emacs, and wrote the GNU General Public License.
  2. Unix-like
    
    A Unix-like operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, although not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. Although there are general philosophies for Unix design, there is no technical standard defining the term, and opinions can differ about the degree to which a particular operating system or application is Unix-like.
  3. GNU
    
    GNU is an extensive collection of free software, which can be used as an operating system or can be used in parts with other operating systems. The use of the completed GNU tools led to the family of operating systems popularly known as Linux. Most of GNU is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL).
  4. Free software
    
    Free software or libre software, infrequently known as freedom-respecting software, is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it and any adapted versions. Free software is a matter of liberty, not price; all users are legally free to do what they want with their copies of a free software regardless of how much is paid to obtain the program. Computer programs are deemed "free" if they give end-users ultimate control over the software and, subsequently, over their devices.
  5. GNU Project
    
    The GNU Project is a free software, mass collaboration project announced by Richard Stallman on September 27, 1983. Its goal is to give computer users freedom and control in their use of their computers and computing devices by collaboratively developing and publishing software that gives everyone the rights to freely run the software, copy and distribute it, study it, and modify it. GNU software grants these rights in its license.
1981
1. Iran–Iraq War: Iran broke the Iraqi siege of Abadan by Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh
  1. Iran–Iraq War
    
    The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 by both sides. Iraq's primary rationale for the attack against Iran cited the need to prevent Ruhollah Khomeini—who had spearheaded Iran's Islamic Revolution in 1979—from exporting the new Iranian ideology to Iraq; there were also fears among the Iraqi leadership of Saddam Hussein that Iran, a theocratic state with a population predominantly composed of Shia Muslims, would exploit sectarian tensions in Iraq by rallying Iraq's Shia majority against the Baʽathist government, which was officially secular and dominated by Sunni Muslims. Iraq also wished to replace Iran as the power player in the Persian Gulf, which was not seen as an achievable objective prior to the Islamic Revolution as Pahlavi Iran boasted colossal economic and military strength as well as close relationships with the United States and Israel.
  2. Siege of Abadan
    
    The Siege of Abadan refers to the encirclement of the city by Iraqi forces beginning in November 1980. The city had already been under almost daily bombardment since the early days of the war, which began the previous September.
  3. Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh
    
    Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh was an offensive of the Iran–Iraq War between 27–29 September 1981 where Iran broke the Iraqi Siege of Abadan. The operation was carried out by the Iranian army joined by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
1977
1. Japan Airlines Flight 715 crashes on approach to Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Malaysia, killing 34 of the 79 people on board.
  1. Japan Air Lines Flight 715
    
    Japan Air Lines Flight 715 was an airplane that crashed in Malaysia on 27 September 1977. It was a McDonnell Douglas DC-8, registration JA8051, on a flight from Haneda Airport in Tokyo, Japan, to Singapore International Airport in Singapore, with stopovers at Kai Tak Airport in Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong, and Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang, Malaysia. Ten crew and 69 passengers were on board. It was the second-deadliest aviation disaster to occur in Malaysia at the time.
  2. Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport
    
    Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport, , often called Subang Airport or Subang Skypark, is an airport located in Subang, Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia.
  3. Subang, Selangor
    
    Subang is a township in Petaling District, Selangor, Malaysia. It is located about 17 km west of downtown Kuala Lumpur.
  4. Malaysia
    
    Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. The federal constitutional monarchy consists of thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo's East Malaysia. Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the national capital, largest city and the seat of the legislative branch of the federal government. The nearby planned capital of Putrajaya is the administrative capital, which represents the seat of both the executive branch and the judicial branch of the federal government. With a population of over 32 million, Malaysia is the world's 45th-most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia is in Tanjung Piai. In the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries, home to numerous endemic species.
1975
1. Two members of ETA political-military and three of the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front became the last people to be executed in Spain, having been sentenced to death for murders of policemen and civil guards.
  1. ETA political-military
    
    ETA political-military or ETA (pm) was the majority faction of the Basque revolutionary armed organization ETA, who during Spain's transition to democracy opted for a double legged structure, political on the one side and military on the other, while ETA militarra or ETA(m) adopted a military-only structure with its constituent divisions detaching into new self-standing organizations.
  2. Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front
    
    The Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) was a radical Spanish anti-Francoist, Marxist–Leninist revolutionary organization that operated in the 1970s. This group was initially inspired by the success of the student demonstrations of May 1968 in France.
  3. Last use of capital punishment in Spain
    
    The last use of capital punishment in Spain took place on 27 September 1975 when two members of the armed Basque nationalist and separatist group ETA political-military and three members of the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) were executed by firing squads after having been convicted and sentenced to death by military tribunals for the murder of policemen and civil guards. Spain was Western Europe's only dictatorship at the time and had been unpopular and internationally isolated in the post-war period due to its relations with Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s and the fact that its autocratic leader, Francisco Franco, had come to power by overthrowing a democratically elected government. As a result, the executions resulted in substantial criticism of the Spanish government, both domestically and abroad. Reactions included street protests, attacks on Spanish embassies, international criticism of the Spanish government and diplomatic measures, such as the withdrawal of the ambassadors of fifteen European countries.
  4. Capital punishment in Spain
    
    The 1978 Spanish Constitution bans capital punishment in Spain, except for wartime offences. Spain completely abolished capital punishment for all offenses, including during wartime conditions, in October 1995.
  5. Civil Guard (Spain)
    
    The Civil Guard is the oldest law enforcement agency in Spain and is one of two national police forces. As a national gendarmerie force, it is military in nature and is responsible for civil policing under the authority of both the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Defence. The role of the Ministry of Defence is limited except in times of war when the Ministry has exclusive authority. The corps is colloquially known as the benemérita (reputable). In annual surveys, it generally ranks as the national institution most valued by Spaniards, closely followed by other law enforcement agencies and the armed forces.
2. The last use of capital punishment in Spain sparks worldwide protests.
  1. Last use of capital punishment in Spain
    
    The last use of capital punishment in Spain took place on 27 September 1975 when two members of the armed Basque nationalist and separatist group ETA political-military and three members of the Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front (FRAP) were executed by firing squads after having been convicted and sentenced to death by military tribunals for the murder of policemen and civil guards. Spain was Western Europe's only dictatorship at the time and had been unpopular and internationally isolated in the post-war period due to its relations with Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s and the fact that its autocratic leader, Francisco Franco, had come to power by overthrowing a democratically elected government. As a result, the executions resulted in substantial criticism of the Spanish government, both domestically and abroad. Reactions included street protests, attacks on Spanish embassies, international criticism of the Spanish government and diplomatic measures, such as the withdrawal of the ambassadors of fifteen European countries.
1964
1. The British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2, an advanced Cold War tactical strike and reconnaissance aircraft that was later cancelled, made its maiden flight.
  1. BAC TSR-2
    
    The British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 is a cancelled Cold War strike and reconnaissance aircraft developed by the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The TSR-2 was designed around both conventional and nuclear weapons delivery: it was to penetrate well-defended frontline areas at low altitudes and very high speeds, and then attack high-value targets in rear areas. Another intended combat role was to provide high-altitude, high-speed stand-off, side-looking radar and photographic imagery and signals intelligence, aerial reconnaissance. Only one airframe flew and test flights and weight-rise during design indicated that the aircraft would be unable to meet its original stringent design specifications. The design specifications were reduced as the result of flight testing.
  2. Cold War
    
    The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term cold war is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race.
2. The British TSR-2 aircraft XR219 makes its maiden flight.
  1. BAC TSR-2
    
    The British Aircraft Corporation TSR-2 is a cancelled Cold War strike and reconnaissance aircraft developed by the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), for the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The TSR-2 was designed around both conventional and nuclear weapons delivery: it was to penetrate well-defended frontline areas at low altitudes and very high speeds, and then attack high-value targets in rear areas. Another intended combat role was to provide high-altitude, high-speed stand-off, side-looking radar and photographic imagery and signals intelligence, aerial reconnaissance. Only one airframe flew and test flights and weight-rise during design indicated that the aircraft would be unable to meet its original stringent design specifications. The design specifications were reduced as the result of flight testing.
1962
1. The Yemen Arab Republic is established.
  1. Yemen Arab Republic
    
    The Yemen Arab Republic, also known simply as North Yemen or Yemen (Sanaʽa), was a country from 1962 to 1990 in the northwestern part of what is now Yemen. Its capital was at Sanaa. It united with the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen on 22 May 1990 to form the current Republic of Yemen.
2. Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring is published, inspiring an environmental movement and the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  1. Silent Spring
    
    Silent Spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson. Published on September 27, 1962, the book documented the environmental harm caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides. Carson accused the chemical industry of spreading disinformation, and public officials of accepting the industry's marketing claims unquestioningly.
1959
1. Typhoon Vera kills nearly 5,000 people in Japan.
  1. Typhoon Vera
    
    Typhoon Vera, also known as the Isewan Typhoon , was an exceptionally intense tropical cyclone that struck Japan in September 1959, becoming the strongest and deadliest typhoon on record to make landfall on the country as a Category 5 equivalent storm. The storm's intensity resulted in catastrophic damage of unparalleled severity and extent, and was a major setback to the Japanese economy, which was still recovering from World War II. In the aftermath of Vera, Japan's disaster management and relief systems were significantly reformed, and the typhoon's effects would set a benchmark for future storms striking the country.
1956
1. USAF Captain Milburn G. Apt becomes the first person to exceed Mach 3. Shortly thereafter, the Bell X-2 goes out of control and Captain Apt is killed.
  1. Milburn G. Apt
    
    Milburn Grant "Mel" Apt was a U.S. Air Force test pilot, and the first man to attain speeds faster than Mach 3. He was killed after separating from the Bell X-2 in his escape capsule during the record-setting flight that exceeded Mach 3. Shortly afterward, Secretary of the Air Force Donald A. Quarles commended Apt, saying he was "flying faster than any human being has been known to fly."
  2. Bell X-2
    
    The Bell X-2 was an X-plane research aircraft built to investigate flight characteristics in the Mach 2–3 range. The X-2 was a rocket-powered, swept-wing research aircraft developed jointly in 1945 by Bell Aircraft Corporation, the United States Air Force and the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to explore aerodynamic problems of supersonic flight and to expand the speed and altitude regimes obtained with the earlier X-1 series of research aircraft.
1949
1. Members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference unanimously selected Zeng Liansong's design for the flag of China.
  1. Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
    
    The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, also known as the People's PCC or simply the PCC (政协), is a political advisory body in the People's Republic of China and a central part of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s United Front system. Its members advise and put proposals for political and social issues to government bodies. However, the CPPCC is a body without real legislative power. While consultation does take place, it is supervised and directed by the CCP.
  2. Zeng Liansong
    
    Zeng Liansong was the designer of the Flag of the People's Republic of China. He was from Rui'an, Wenzhou, Zhejiang province.
  3. Flag of China
    
    The National Flag of the People's Republic of China, also known as the Five-star Red Flag, is a Chinese red field with five golden stars charged at the canton. The design features one large star, with four smaller stars in an arc set off towards the fly. It has been the national flag of China since the foundation of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949.
2. Zeng Liansong's design is chosen as the flag of the People's Republic of China.
  1. Zeng Liansong
    
    Zeng Liansong was the designer of the Flag of the People's Republic of China. He was from Rui'an, Wenzhou, Zhejiang province.
1944
1. The Kassel Mission results in the largest loss by a USAAF group on any mission in World War II.
  1. Kassel Mission
    
    The Kassel Mission on 27 September 1944 was also known as the air battle over the Seulingswald. The mission aimed to destroy the factories in Kassel of the engineering works of Henschel & Sohn which built tracked armoured vehicles and their associated infrastructure. See bombing of Kassel in World War II.
1942
1. Last day of the Matanikau action on Guadalcanal as United States Marines barely escape after being surrounded by Japanese forces.
  1. Actions along the Matanikau
    
    The Actions along the Matanikau—sometimes referred to as the Second and Third Battles of the Matanikau—were two separate but related engagements between the United States and Imperial Japanese naval and ground forces in the Pacific theater of World War II. The actions occurred around the Matanikau River on Guadalcanal Island in the southwestern Pacific during the Guadalcanal campaign. These particular engagements—the first taking place between 23 and 27 September, and the second between 6 and 9 October—were two of the largest and most significant of the Matanikau actions.
1941
1. SS Patrick Henry, the first of 2,710 Liberty ships built during World War II by the United States, was launched.
  1. SS Patrick Henry
    
    SS Patrick Henry was the first Liberty ship launched. It was built by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at their Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland. She was named after Patrick Henry, an American attorney, planter, and Founding Father as well as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia, from 1776 to 1779 and 1784 to 1786.
  2. Liberty ship
    
    Liberty ships were a class of cargo ship built in the United States during World War II under the Emergency Shipbuilding Program. Though British in concept, the design was adopted by the United States for its simple, low-cost construction. Mass-produced on an unprecedented scale, the Liberty ship came to symbolize U.S. wartime industrial output.
2. The Greek National Liberation Front is established with Georgios Siantos as acting leader.
  1. Georgios Siantos
    
    Georgios Siantos was a prominent figure of the Communist Party of Greece who served as acting general secretary of the party, and as a leader of the National Liberation Front (EAM)/Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) Resistance movement during the German occupation of Greece in World War II.
3. The SS Patrick Henry is launched, becoming the first of more than 2,700 Liberty ships.
  1. SS Patrick Henry
    
    SS Patrick Henry was the first Liberty ship launched. It was built by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at their Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard in Baltimore, Maryland. She was named after Patrick Henry, an American attorney, planter, and Founding Father as well as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia, from 1776 to 1779 and 1784 to 1786.
1940
1. World War II: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Empire of Japan signed the Tripartite Pact in Berlin, officially forming a military alliance known as the Axis.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Nazi Germany
    
    Nazi Germany was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe.
  3. Kingdom of Italy
    
    The Kingdom of Italy was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic. The state resulted from a decades-long process, the Risorgimento, of consolidating the different states of the Italian Peninsula into a single state. That process was influenced by the Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered Italy's legal predecessor state.
  4. Empire of Japan
    
    The Empire of Japan, also known as the Japanese Empire or Imperial Japan, was a historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 until the enactment of the post-World War II 1947 constitution and subsequent formation of modern Japan. It encompassed the Japanese archipelago and several colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories.
  5. Tripartite Pact
    
    The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburō Kurusu. It was a defensive military alliance that was eventually joined by Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia as well as by the German client state of Slovakia. Yugoslavia's accession provoked a coup d'état in Belgrade two days later. Germany, Italy and Hungary responded by invading Yugoslavia. The resulting Italo-German client state, known as the Independent State of Croatia, joined the pact on 15 June 1941.
  6. Military alliance
    
    A military alliance is a formal agreement between nations concerning national security. Nations in a military alliance agree to active participation and contribution to the defense of others in the alliance in the event of a crisis. In the event a nation is attacked, members of the alliance are often obligated to come to their defense regardless if attacked directly. In the aftermath of the Second World War military alliances usually behave less aggressively and act more as a deterrent.
  7. Axis powers
    
    The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were Nazi Germany, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan. The Axis were united in their opposition to the Allies, but otherwise lacked comparable coordination and ideological cohesion.
2. World War II: The Tripartite Pact is signed in Berlin by Germany, Japan and Italy.
  1. Tripartite Pact
    
    The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano and Saburō Kurusu. It was a defensive military alliance that was eventually joined by Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Yugoslavia as well as by the German client state of Slovakia. Yugoslavia's accession provoked a coup d'état in Belgrade two days later. Germany, Italy and Hungary responded by invading Yugoslavia. The resulting Italo-German client state, known as the Independent State of Croatia, joined the pact on 15 June 1941.
1938
1. The ocean liner Queen Elizabeth is launched in Glasgow.
  1. RMS Queen Elizabeth
    
    RMS Queen Elizabeth was an ocean liner operated by Cunard Line. With Queen Mary she provided weekly luxury liner service between Southampton in the United Kingdom and New York City in the United States, via Cherbourg in France.
1930
1. Bobby Jones wins the (pre-Masters) Grand Slam of golf.
  1. Bobby Jones (golfer)
    
    Robert Tyre Jones Jr. was an American amateur golfer who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport; he was also a lawyer by profession. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club, and co-founded the Masters Tournament. The innovations that he introduced at the Masters have been copied by virtually every professional golf tournament in the world.
  2. Grand Slam (golf)
    
    The Grand Slam in professional golf is winning all of golf's major championships in the same calendar year. Variations include a Career Grand Slam: winning all of the major tournaments within a player's career and the Tiger Slam: winning four consecutive major titles but not in the same calendar year.
1928
1. The Republic of China is recognized by the United States.
  1. Republic of China (1912–1949)
    
    The Republic of China (ROC), between 1912 and 1949, was a sovereign state recognised as the official designation of China when it was based on Mainland China, prior to the relocation of its central government to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War. At a population of 541 million in 1949, it was the world's most populous country. Covering 11.4 million square kilometres, it consisted of 35 provinces, 1 special administrative region, 2 regions, 12 special municipalities, 14 leagues, and 4 special banners. The People's Republic of China (PRC), which rules mainland China today, considers ROC as a country that ceased to exist since 1949; thus, the history of ROC before 1949 is often referred to as Republican Era of China. The ROC, now based in Taiwan, today considers itself a continuation of the country, thus calling the period of its mainland governance as the Mainland Period of the Republic of China in Taiwan.
1922
1. King Constantine I of Greece abdicates his throne in favor of his eldest son, George II.
  1. Constantine I of Greece
    
    Constantine I was King of Greece from 18 March 1913 to 11 June 1917 and from 19 December 1920 to 27 September 1922. He was commander-in-chief of the Hellenic Army during the unsuccessful Greco-Turkish War of 1897 and led the Greek forces during the successful Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, in which Greece expanded to include Thessaloniki, doubling in area and population. He succeeded to the throne of Greece on 18 March 1913, following his father's assassination.
  2. George II of Greece
    
    George II was King of Greece from September 1922 to March 1924 and from November 1935 to his death in April 1947.
1916
1. Lij Iyasu (pictured), the emperor-designate of Ethiopia, was deposed in favor of his aunt Zewditu.
  1. Lij Iyasu
    
    Lij Iyasu was the designated Emperor of Ethiopia from 1913 to 1916. His baptismal name was Kifle Yaqob. Ethiopian emperors traditionally chose their regnal name on the day they were crowned, and since he was never crowned, he is usually referred to as Lij Iyasu, "Lij" meaning child, especially one born of royal blood.
  2. Zewditu
    
    Zewditu was Empress of Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930. The first female head of an internationally recognized country in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the first and only empress regnant of the Ethiopian Empire, her reign was noted for the reforms of her Regent and designated heir Ras Tafari Makonnen, about which she was at best ambivalent and often stridently opposed, due to her staunch conservatism and strong religious devotion. She is the most recent empress regnant, as well as the last female Ethiopian head of state until the 2018 election of Sahle-Work Zewde as president.
2. Iyasu V is proclaimed deposed as ruler of Ethiopia in a palace coup in favor of his aunt Zewditu.
  1. Lij Iyasu
    
    Lij Iyasu was the designated Emperor of Ethiopia from 1913 to 1916. His baptismal name was Kifle Yaqob. Ethiopian emperors traditionally chose their regnal name on the day they were crowned, and since he was never crowned, he is usually referred to as Lij Iyasu, "Lij" meaning child, especially one born of royal blood.
  2. Zewditu
    
    Zewditu was Empress of Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930. The first female head of an internationally recognized country in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the first and only empress regnant of the Ethiopian Empire, her reign was noted for the reforms of her Regent and designated heir Ras Tafari Makonnen, about which she was at best ambivalent and often stridently opposed, due to her staunch conservatism and strong religious devotion. She is the most recent empress regnant, as well as the last female Ethiopian head of state until the 2018 election of Sahle-Work Zewde as president.
1908
1. The first production Ford Model T, the car credited with initiating the mass use of automobiles in the United States, was completed at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit, Michigan.
  1. Ford Model T
    
    The Ford Model T is an automobile that was produced by Ford Motor Company from October 1, 1908, to May 26, 1927. It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, which made car travel available to middle-class Americans. The relatively low price was partly the result of Ford's efficient fabrication, including assembly line production instead of individual handcrafting. It was mainly designed by an American and two Hungarian engineers. The Model T was colloquially known as the "Tin Lizzie", "Leaping Lena" or "flivver".
  2. Ford Piquette Avenue Plant
    
    The Ford Piquette Avenue Plant is a former factory located within the Milwaukee Junction area of Detroit, Michigan, in the United States. Built in 1904, it was the second center of automobile production for the Ford Motor Company, after the Ford Mack Avenue Plant. At the Piquette Avenue Plant, the company created and first produced the Ford Model T, the car credited with initiating the mass use of automobiles in the United States. Prior to the Model T, several other car models were assembled at the factory. Early experiments using a moving assembly line to make cars were also conducted there. It was also the first factory where more than 100 cars were assembled in one day. While it was headquartered at the Piquette Avenue Plant, Ford Motor Company became the biggest U.S.-based automaker, and it would remain so until the mid-1920s. The factory was used by the company until 1910, when its car production activity was relocated to the new, bigger Highland Park Ford Plant.
  3. Detroit
    
    Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at the 2020 census, making it the 27th-most populous city in the United States. The metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 4.3 million people, making it the second-largest in the Midwest after the Chicago metropolitan area, and the 14th-largest in the United States. Regarded as a major cultural center, Detroit is known for its contributions to music, art, architecture and design, in addition to its historical automotive background. Time named Detroit as one of the fifty World's Greatest Places of 2022 to explore.
2. Production of the Model T automobile begins at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit.
  1. Ford Piquette Avenue Plant
    
    The Ford Piquette Avenue Plant is a former factory located within the Milwaukee Junction area of Detroit, Michigan, in the United States. Built in 1904, it was the second center of automobile production for the Ford Motor Company, after the Ford Mack Avenue Plant. At the Piquette Avenue Plant, the company created and first produced the Ford Model T, the car credited with initiating the mass use of automobiles in the United States. Prior to the Model T, several other car models were assembled at the factory. Early experiments using a moving assembly line to make cars were also conducted there. It was also the first factory where more than 100 cars were assembled in one day. While it was headquartered at the Piquette Avenue Plant, Ford Motor Company became the biggest U.S.-based automaker, and it would remain so until the mid-1920s. The factory was used by the company until 1910, when its car production activity was relocated to the new, bigger Highland Park Ford Plant.
1903
1. "Wreck of the Old 97": an American rail disaster, in which 11 people are killed; it later becomes the subject of a popular ballad.
  1. Wreck of the Old 97
    
    The Wreck of the Old 97 was an American rail disaster involving the Southern Railway mail train, officially known as the Fast Mail, while en route from Monroe, Virginia, to Spencer, North Carolina, on September 27, 1903. Travelling at an excessive speed in an attempt to maintain schedule, the train derailed at the Stillhouse Trestle near Danville, Virginia, where it careened off the side of the bridge, killing 11 on-board personnel and injuring seven others. The wreck inspired a famous railroad ballad, which was the focus of a copyright lawsuit and became seminal in the genre of country music.
1875
1. The Ellen Southard was wrecked in a storm at Liverpool, England; the U.S. Congress subsequently awarded 27 Gold Lifesaving Medals to the men who rescued her crew.
  1. Ellen Southard
    
    Ellen Southard was an American full-rigged merchant ship from Bath, Maine that was built in 1863 by prominent shipbuilder T.J. Southard. She plied international trade routes for twelve years, calling at ports as far away as Sydney.
  2. Liverpool
    
    Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of 498,042 in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2.24 million.
  3. United States Congress
    
    The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. Senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a governor's appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 100 senators and 435 representatives. The vice president of the United States has a vote in the Senate only when senators are evenly divided. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members.
  4. Lifesaving Medal
    
    The Gold Lifesaving Medal and Silver Lifesaving Medal are U.S. decorations issued by the United States Coast Guard. The awards were established by Act of Congress, 20 June 1874; later authorized by 14 U.S.C. § 500. These decorations are two of the oldest medals in the United States and were originally established at the Department of Treasury as Lifesaving Medals First and Second Class. The Department of the Treasury initially gave the award, but today the United States Coast Guard awards it through the Department of Homeland Security. They are not classified as military decorations, and may be awarded to any person.
2. The merchant sailing ship Ellen Southard is wrecked in a storm at Liverpool.
  1. Ellen Southard
    
    Ellen Southard was an American full-rigged merchant ship from Bath, Maine that was built in 1863 by prominent shipbuilder T.J. Southard. She plied international trade routes for twelve years, calling at ports as far away as Sydney.
1854
1. The paddle steamer SS Arctic sank after a collision with SS Vesta 50 miles (80 km) off the coast of Newfoundland, killing approximately 320 people.
  1. Paddle steamer
    
    A paddle steamer is a steamship or steamboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. In antiquity, paddle wheelers followed the development of poles, oars and sails, where the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans.
  2. SS Arctic
    
    SS Arctic was a 2,856-ton paddle steamer, one of the Collins Line, which operated a transatlantic passenger and mail steamship service during the 1850s. It was the largest of a fleet of four, built with the aid of U.S. government subsidies to challenge the transatlantic supremacy of the British-backed Cunard Line. During its four-year period of service, the ship was renowned both for its speed and for the luxury of its accommodation.
  3. SS Arctic disaster
    
    SS Arctic, an American paddle steamer owned by the Collins Line, sank on September 27, 1854, 50 miles (80 km) off the coast of Newfoundland after a collision with SS Vesta, a much smaller French vessel. Passenger and crew lists indicate that there were probably more than 400 on board; of these, only 88 survived, most of whom were members of the crew. All the women and children on board perished.
  4. SS Vesta
    
    SS Vesta was a propeller-driven fishing vessel 250 gross tons, built in 1853 at Nantes, France, by Hernoux et Cie of Dieppe for the Société Terreneuvienne of Granville in Normandy. The company had extensive fishing interests in the Grand Banks area off Newfoundland, which it operated from a base in Saint Pierre Island. On 27 September 1854 Vesta was eastbound with a crew of 50, returning 147 fisherman and salters home. In a heavy fog, Vesta collided with the Collins Line passenger paddle steamer SS Arctic. A three-metre (ten-foot) section of Vesta's bow was sheared off, but the watertight bulkhead behind the bow remained intact and kept out the sea, keeping the vessel afloat.
  5. Newfoundland and Labrador
    
    Newfoundland and Labrador is the easternmost province of Canada, in the country's Atlantic region. The province comprises the island of Newfoundland and the continental region of Labrador, having a total size of 405,212 square kilometres. In 2021, the population of Newfoundland and Labrador was estimated to be 521,758. The island of Newfoundland is home to around 94 per cent of the province's population, with more than half residing in the Avalon Peninsula. Labrador borders the province of Quebec, and the French overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon lies about 20 km east of the Burin Peninsula.
2. The paddle steamer SS Arctic, owned by the Collins Line of New York, sinks off the coast of Newfoundland, following a collision with a smaller vessel, the SS Vesta. Only 88 of over 300 people on board survive. About a dozen of the occupants of the Vesta are killed when their lifeboat is hit by the Arctic.
  1. SS Arctic
    
    SS Arctic was a 2,856-ton paddle steamer, one of the Collins Line, which operated a transatlantic passenger and mail steamship service during the 1850s. It was the largest of a fleet of four, built with the aid of U.S. government subsidies to challenge the transatlantic supremacy of the British-backed Cunard Line. During its four-year period of service, the ship was renowned both for its speed and for the luxury of its accommodation.
  2. SS Arctic disaster
    
    SS Arctic, an American paddle steamer owned by the Collins Line, sank on September 27, 1854, 50 miles (80 km) off the coast of Newfoundland after a collision with SS Vesta, a much smaller French vessel. Passenger and crew lists indicate that there were probably more than 400 on board; of these, only 88 survived, most of whom were members of the crew. All the women and children on board perished.
  3. SS Vesta
    
    SS Vesta was a propeller-driven fishing vessel 250 gross tons, built in 1853 at Nantes, France, by Hernoux et Cie of Dieppe for the Société Terreneuvienne of Granville in Normandy. The company had extensive fishing interests in the Grand Banks area off Newfoundland, which it operated from a base in Saint Pierre Island. On 27 September 1854 Vesta was eastbound with a crew of 50, returning 147 fisherman and salters home. In a heavy fog, Vesta collided with the Collins Line passenger paddle steamer SS Arctic. A three-metre (ten-foot) section of Vesta's bow was sheared off, but the watertight bulkhead behind the bow remained intact and kept out the sea, keeping the vessel afloat.
1851
1. The British East India Company inaugurated the Horsburgh Lighthouse on the rocky outcrop of Pedra Branca, Singapore, which later became the subject of a territorial dispute.
  1. East India Company
    
    The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies, and later with East Asia. The company seized control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonised parts of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. At its peak, the company was the largest corporation in the world. The EIC had its own armed forces in the form of the company's three Presidency armies, totalling about 260,000 soldiers, twice the size of the British army at the time. The operations of the company had a profound effect on the global balance of trade, almost single-handedly reversing the trend of eastward drain of Western bullion, seen since Roman times.
  2. Pedra Branca, Singapore
    
    Pedra Branca is an outlying island and the easternmost point of Singapore. The name of the island refers to whitish guano deposited on the rock. The island consists of a small outcrop of granite rocks with an area of about 8,560 square metres (92,100 sq ft) at low tide. During the low water spring tide it measures, at its longest, 137 metres (449 ft) and has an average width of 60 metres (200 ft). Pedra Branca is situated at 1°19′48″N 104°24′27″E, where the Singapore Strait meets the South China Sea.
  3. Pedra Branca dispute
    
    The Pedra Branca dispute was a territorial dispute between Singapore and Malaysia over several islets at the eastern entrance to the Singapore Strait, namely Pedra Branca, Middle Rocks and South Ledge. The dispute began in 1979 and was largely resolved by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 2008, which opined that Pedra Branca belonged to Singapore and Middle Rocks belonged to Malaysia. Sovereignty over South Ledge belongs to the state in the territorial waters of which it is located.
1825
1. Locomotion No. 1 hauled the train on the opening day of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, the first public railway in the world to use steam locomotives.
  1. Locomotion No. 1
    
    Locomotion No. 1 is an early steam locomotive that was built in 1825 by the pioneering railway engineers George and Robert Stephenson at their manufacturing firm, Robert Stephenson and Company. It became the first steam locomotive to haul a passenger-carrying train on a public railway, the Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR).
  2. Stockton and Darlington Railway
    
    The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) was a railway company that operated in north-east England from 1825 to 1863. The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, its first line connected collieries near Shildon with Darlington and Stockton-on-Tees in County Durham, and was officially opened on 27 September 1825. The movement of coal to ships rapidly became a lucrative business, and the line was soon extended to a new port at Middlesbrough. While coal waggons were hauled by steam locomotives from the start, passengers were carried in coaches drawn by horses until carriages hauled by steam locomotives were introduced in 1833.
2. The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, the Stockton and Darlington Railway, is ceremonially opened.
  1. Stockton and Darlington Railway
    
    The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) was a railway company that operated in north-east England from 1825 to 1863. The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives, its first line connected collieries near Shildon with Darlington and Stockton-on-Tees in County Durham, and was officially opened on 27 September 1825. The movement of coal to ships rapidly became a lucrative business, and the line was soon extended to a new port at Middlesbrough. While coal waggons were hauled by steam locomotives from the start, passengers were carried in coaches drawn by horses until carriages hauled by steam locomotives were introduced in 1833.
1822
1. In a letter to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris, Jean-François Champollion announced his initial successes in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs on the Rosetta Stone.
  1. Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
    
    The Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres is a French learned society devoted to history, founded in February 1663 as one of the five academies of the Institut de France. The academy's scope was the study of ancient inscriptions (epigraphy) and historical literature.
  2. Jean-François Champollion
    
    Jean-François Champollion, also known as Champollion le jeune, was a French philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs and a founding figure in the field of Egyptology. Partially raised by his brother, the scholar Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac, Champollion was a child prodigy in philology, giving his first public paper on the decipherment of Demotic in his mid-teens. As a young man he was renowned in scientific circles, and spoke Coptic, Ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic.
  3. Decipherment of ancient Egyptian scripts
    
    The writing systems used in ancient Egypt were deciphered in the early nineteenth century through the work of several European scholars, especially Jean-François Champollion and Thomas Young. Ancient Egyptian forms of writing, which included the hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic scripts, ceased to be understood in the fourth and fifth centuries AD, as the Coptic alphabet was increasingly used in their place. Later generations' knowledge of the older scripts was based on the work of Greek and Roman authors whose understanding was faulty. It was thus widely believed that Egyptian scripts were exclusively ideographic, representing ideas rather than sounds, and even that hieroglyphs were an esoteric, mystical script rather than a means of recording a spoken language. Some attempts at decipherment by Islamic and European scholars in the Middle Ages and early modern times acknowledged the script might have a phonetic component, but perception of hieroglyphs as purely ideographic hampered efforts to understand them as late as the eighteenth century.
  4. Rosetta Stone
    
    The Rosetta Stone is a stele composed of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Memphis, Egypt, in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The decree has only minor differences between the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering the Egyptian scripts.
2. Jean-François Champollion officially informs the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres in France that he has deciphered the Rosetta Stone.
  1. Jean-François Champollion
    
    Jean-François Champollion, also known as Champollion le jeune, was a French philologist and orientalist, known primarily as the decipherer of Egyptian hieroglyphs and a founding figure in the field of Egyptology. Partially raised by his brother, the scholar Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac, Champollion was a child prodigy in philology, giving his first public paper on the decipherment of Demotic in his mid-teens. As a young man he was renowned in scientific circles, and spoke Coptic, Ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Arabic.
  2. Rosetta Stone
    
    The Rosetta Stone is a stele composed of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in Memphis, Egypt, in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek. The decree has only minor differences between the three versions, making the Rosetta Stone key to deciphering the Egyptian scripts.
1821
1. The Army of the Three Guarantees triumphantly enters Mexico City, led by Agustín de Iturbide. The following day Mexico is declared independent.
  1. Army of the Three Guarantees
    
    At the end of the Mexican War of Independence, the Army of the Three Guarantees was the name given to the army after the unification of the Spanish troops led by Agustín de Iturbide and the Mexican insurgent troops of Vicente Guerrero, consolidating Mexico's independence from Spain. The decree creating this army appeared in the Plan de Iguala, which stated the three guarantees which it was meant to defend: religion, independence, and unity. Mexico was to be a Catholic empire, independent from Spain, and united against its enemies.
  2. Mexico City
    
    Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America. One of the world's alpha cities, it is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau, at an altitude of 2,240 meters (7,350 ft). The city has 16 boroughs or demarcaciones territoriales, which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or colonias.
  3. Agustín de Iturbide
    
    Agustín de Iturbide, full name Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu and also known as Agustín of Mexico, was a Mexican army general and politician. During the Mexican War of Independence, he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico. After securing the secession of Mexico from Spain, Iturbide was proclaimed president of the Regency in 1821; a year later, he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico, reigning briefly from 19 May 1822 to 19 March 1823. In May 1823 he went into exile in Europe. When he returned to Mexico in July 1824, he was arrested and executed. He designed the Mexican flag.
1791
1. The National Assembly of France votes to award full citizenship to Jews.
  1. History of the Jews in France
    
    The history of the Jews in France deals with Jews and Jewish communities in France since at least the Early Middle Ages. France was a centre of Jewish learning in the Middle Ages, but persecution increased over time, including multiple expulsions and returns. During the French Revolution in the late 18th century, on the other hand, France was the first European country to emancipate its Jewish population. Antisemitism still occurred in cycles and reached a high in the 1890s, as shown during the Dreyfus affair, and in the 1940s, under Nazi occupation and the Vichy regime.
1777
1. American Revolution: Lancaster, Pennsylvania becomes the capital of the United States for one day after Congress evacuates Philadelphia.
  1. Lancaster, Pennsylvania
    
    Lancaster, is a city in and the county seat of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It is one of the oldest inland cities in the United States. With a population at the 2020 census of 58,039, it ranks 11th in population among Pennsylvania's municipalities. The Lancaster metropolitan area population is 507,766, making it the 104th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. and second-largest in the South Central Pennsylvania area.
1669
1. The Venetians surrender the fortress of Candia to the Ottomans, thus ending the 21-year-long Siege of Candia.
  1. Siege of Candia
    
    The siege of Candia was a military conflict in which Ottoman forces besieged the Venetian-ruled city. Lasting from 1648 to 1669, or a total of 21 years, it is the second-longest siege in history after the siege of Ceuta. It ended with an Ottoman victory, but the effort and cost of the siege contributed to the decline of the Ottoman Empire, especially after the Great Turkish War.
1605
1. The armies of Sweden are defeated by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm.
  1. Battle of Kircholm
    
    The Battle of Kircholm was one of the major battles in the Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611). The battle was decided in 20 minutes by the devastating charge of Polish-Lithuanian cavalry, the Winged Hussars. The battle ended in the decisive victory of the Polish-Lithuanian forces, and is remembered as one of the greatest triumphs of Commonwealth cavalry.
1590
1. The death of Pope Urban VII, 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, ends the shortest papal reign in history.
  1. Pope Urban VII
    
    Pope Urban VII, born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was head of the Catholic Church, and ruler of the Papal States from 15 to 27 September 1590. His thirteen-day papacy was the shortest in history.
1567
1. After a two-week siege, the Oda clan captured Inabayama Castle from the Saitō clan.
  1. Siege of Inabayama Castle
    
    The siege of Inabayama Castle of 1567 was the final battle in Oda Nobunaga's campaign to defeat the Saitō clan in their mountaintop castle and conquer Mino Province, Japan.
  2. Oda clan
    
    The Oda clan is a Japanese samurai family who were daimyo and an important political force in the unification of Japan in the mid-16th century. Though they had the climax of their fame under Oda Nobunaga and fell from the spotlight soon after, several branches of the family continued as daimyo houses until the Meiji Restoration. After the Meiji Restoration, all four houses of the clan were appointed Viscount in the new system of hereditary peerage.
  3. Gifu Castle
    
    Gifu Castle is a Japanese castle located in the city of Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan. Along with Mount Kinka and the Nagara River, it is one of the main symbols of the city. The castle is also known as Inabayama Castle . It was designated a National Historic Site in 2011.
  4. Saitō clan
    
    The Saitō clan was a Japanese samurai clan that ruled Mino province in the Sengoku period. The clan appropriated the name of a defunct samurai clan named "Saitō" that had previously hailed from Echizen province and claimed descent from Fujiwara Toshihito, of the Hokke branch of the Fujiwara clan.
1540
1. The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.
  1. Jesuits
    
    The Society of Jesus abbreviated SJ, also known as the Jesuits, is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue.
1529
1. The Siege of Vienna begins when Suleiman I attacks the city.
  1. Siege of Vienna (1529)
    
    The siege of Vienna, in 1529, was the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire to capture the capital city of Vienna, Austria, Holy Roman Empire. Suleiman the Magnificent, sultan of the Ottomans, attacked the city with over 100,000 men, while the defenders, led by Niklas Graf Salm, numbered no more than 21,000. Nevertheless, Vienna was able to survive the siege, which ultimately lasted just over two weeks, from 27 September to 15 October, 1529.
1422
1. The Treaty of Melno was signed, establishing the Prussian–Lithuanian border, which afterwards remained unchanged for about 500 years.
  1. Treaty of Melno
    
    The Treaty of Melno or Treaty of Lake Melno was a peace treaty ending the Gollub War. It was signed on 27 September 1422, between the Teutonic Knights and an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at Lake Melno, east of Graudenz (Grudziądz). The treaty resolved territorial disputes between the Knights and Lithuania regarding Samogitia, which had dragged on since 1382, and determined the Prussian–Lithuanian border, which afterwards remained unchanged for about 500 years. A portion of the original border survives as a portion of the modern border between the Republic of Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, making it one of the oldest and most stable borders in Europe.
2. After the brief Gollub War, the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with Poland and Lithuania.
  1. Gollub War
    
    The Gollub War was a two-month war of the Teutonic Knights against the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1422. It ended with the signing the Treaty of Melno, which resolved territorial disputes between the Knights and Lithuania over Samogitia that had dragged on since 1398.
  2. Treaty of Melno
    
    The Treaty of Melno or Treaty of Lake Melno was a peace treaty ending the Gollub War. It was signed on 27 September 1422, between the Teutonic Knights and an alliance of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at Lake Melno, east of Graudenz (Grudziądz). The treaty resolved territorial disputes between the Knights and Lithuania regarding Samogitia, which had dragged on since 1382, and determined the Prussian–Lithuanian border, which afterwards remained unchanged for about 500 years. A portion of the original border survives as a portion of the modern border between the Republic of Lithuania and Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, making it one of the oldest and most stable borders in Europe.
1331
1. The Battle of Płowce is fought, between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order. The Poles are defeated but their leaders escape capture.
  1. Battle of Płowce
    
    The Battle of Płowce took place on 27 September 1331 between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order.
1066
1. William the Conqueror and his army set sail from the mouth of the Somme river, beginning the Norman conquest of England.
  1. William the Conqueror
    
    William I, usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. By 1060, following a long struggle to establish his throne, his hold on Normandy was secure. In 1066, following the death of Edward the Confessor, William invaded England, leading an army of Normans to victory over the Anglo-Saxon forces of Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings, and suppressed subsequent English revolts in what has become known as the Norman Conquest. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose.
  2. Norman Conquest
    
    The Norman Conquest was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.

Births & Deaths

2018
1. Kavita Mahajan, Indian author and translator (b.1967) deaths
  1. Kavita Mahajan
    
    Kavita Mahajan was an Indian author and translator who wrote in Marathi. She is noted for her critically acclaimed novels Brr (2005), Bhinna (2007) and Kuhoo (2011), as well as a non-fiction work Graffiti Wall (2009). She was the winner of the 2011 translation award conferred by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.
2. Michael Payton, American football quarterback (b.1970) deaths
  1. Michael Payton
    
    Michael Payton was an American football quarterback. He played college football for the Marshall Thundering Herd at Marshall University. He was the recipient of the 1992 Walter Payton Award, which is bestowed annually upon Division I-AA's most outstanding player. After college, he played one season in the Arena Football League for the Florida Bobcats.
3. Manoharsinhji Pradyumansinhji, Indian nobleman and politician (b.1935) deaths
  1. Manoharsinhji Pradyumansinhji
    
    Manoharsinhji Pradyumansinhji Jadeja was an Indian nobleman and politician.
4. Marty Balin, American singer, co-founder of the band Jefferson Airplane (b. 1942) deaths
  1. Marty Balin
    
    Martyn Jerel Buchwald, known as Marty Balin, was an American singer, songwriter, and musician best known as the founder/leader and one of the lead singers and songwriters of Jefferson Airplane and Jefferson Starship.
2017
1. Hugh Hefner, American publisher, founder of Playboy Enterprises (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Hugh Hefner
    
    Hugh Marston Hefner was an American magazine publisher. He was the founder and editor-in-chief of Playboy magazine, a publication with revealing photographs and articles which provoked charges of obscenity. The first issue of Playboy was published in 1953, featuring Marilyn Monroe in a nude calendar shoot; it sold over 50,000 copies.
  2. PLBY Group
    
    PLBY Group, Inc. is an American global media and lifestyle company founded by Hugh Hefner as Playboy Enterprises, Inc. to oversee the Playboy magazine and related assets. Its headquarters are in Los Angeles, California.
2016
1. David Hahn, American Boy Scout famous for attempting to build a nuclear reactor in a shed in his backyard (b. 1976) deaths
  1. David Hahn
    
    David Charles Hahn, sometimes called the "Radioactive Boy Scout" or "Jimmy Neutron", was an American nuclear radiation enthusiast who built a homemade neutron source at the age of seventeen.
2015
1. Syed Ahmed, Indian author and politician, 16th Governor of Manipur (b. 1945) deaths
  1. Syed Ahmed (politician)
    
    Syed Ahmed was an Indian politician, author and a member of the Congress Party. He was sworn in as the Governor of Manipur on 16 May 2015, but only served four months before dying in office on 27 September. During his tenure as Manipur Governor, Manipur Tenants, Visitors and Migrant Workers Bill, 2015 was passed by the Manipur Assembly on 15 March.
  2. List of governors of Manipur
    
    The governor of Manipur is the nominal head and representative of the president of India in the state of Manipur. The governor is appointed by the president for a term of five years. The current and 17th governor of Manipur is La. Ganesan from August 27, 2021.
2. Pietro Ingrao, Italian journalist and politician (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Pietro Ingrao
    
    Pietro Ingrao was an Italian politician and journalist who participated in the resistance movement. For many years he was a senior figure in the Italian Communist Party (PCI).
3. Kallen Pokkudan, Indian activist and author (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Kallen Pokkudan
    
    Kallen Pokkudan, also known as Kandal Pokkudan, was an Indian environmental activist and writer from Kerala. He was known for his efforts for the protection and proliferation of the mangrove forests in Kerala, since 1989.
4. Frank Tyson, English-Australian cricketer, coach, and journalist (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Frank Tyson
    
    Frank Holmes Tyson was an England international cricketer of the 1950s, who also worked as a schoolmaster, journalist, cricket coach and cricket commentator after emigrating to Australia in 1960. Nicknamed "Typhoon Tyson" by the press, he was regarded by many commentators as one of the fastest bowlers ever seen in cricket and took 76 wickets (18.56) in 17 Test matches. Tyson has the seventh-lowest bowling average in Test cricket for bowlers who have taken 75 wickets, and no bowler since Tyson has taken more than 20 wickets at a lower average. In 2007 a panel of judges declared him Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World for 1955 due to his outstanding tour of Australia in 1954–55 where his 28 wickets (20.82) was instrumental in retaining the Ashes. Tyson coached Victoria to two Sheffield Shield victories and later coached the Sri Lankan national cricket team. He was a cricket commentator for 26 years on ABC and Channel Nine.
2014
1. Gaby Aghion, French fashion designer, founded Chloé (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Gaby Aghion
    
    Gabrielle Aghion was a French fashion designer and the founder of the French fashion house Chloé. She is said to have coined the phrase "prêt-à-porter".
  2. Chloé
    
    Chloé is a French high-end luxury fashion house founded in 1952 by Gaby Aghion. During the next year of 1953 Aghion joined forces with Jacques Lenoir, formally managing the business side of the brand, allowing Aghion to purely pursue the creative growth of Chloé. Its headquarters are located in Paris, France. The house is owned by luxury brands holding company Richemont Group. Chloé has been worn by many celebrities, including Marion Cotillard, Sienna Miller, Madonna, January Jones, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Cameron Diaz, Emma Stone, Clémence Poésy and Katie Holmes.
2. Eugie Foster, American journalist and author (b. 1971) deaths
  1. Eugie Foster
    
    Eugie Foster was an American short story writer, columnist, and editor. Her stories were published in a number of magazines and book anthologies, including Fantasy Magazine, Realms of Fantasy, Orson Scott Card's InterGalactic Medicine Show, and Interzone. Her collection of short stories, Returning My Sister's Face and Other Far Eastern Tales of Whimsy and Malice, was published in 2009. She won the 2009 Nebula Award and was nominated for multiple other Nebula, BSFA, and Hugo Awards. The Eugie Foster Memorial Award for Short Fiction is given in her honour.
3. Taylor Hardwick, American architect and educator, designed Haydon Burns Library and Friendship Fountain Park (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Taylor Hardwick
    
    Taylor Hardwick was an American architect, interior designer, filmmaker, and educator who designed hundreds of buildings throughout northeast Florida, predominantly in and near the city of Jacksonville.
  2. Jessie Ball duPont Center
    
    The Jessie Ball duPont Center is a nonprofit complex in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. The building served as the main branch of the Jacksonville Public Library system from 1965 until 2005, when it was replaced by the current facility. The library was named for W. Haydon Burns, who served as Mayor of Jacksonville for fifteen years and also served two years as Governor of Florida. The Haydon Burns Library replaced the Jacksonville Free Public Library, which was built in 1905 and designed by Henry John Klutho of New York City. On April 18, 2012, the AIA's Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places.
  3. Friendship Fountain
    
    Friendship Fountain is a large fountain in Jacksonville, Florida. It is in St. Johns River Park at the west end of Downtown Jacksonville's Southbank Riverwalk attraction. The world's largest and tallest fountain when it opened, it has been one of Jacksonville's most recognizable and popular attractions.
4. Wally Hergesheimer, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Wally Hergesheimer
    
    Walter Edgar Hergesheimer was a Canadian ice hockey forward.
5. Abdelmajid Lakhal, Tunisian actor and director (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Abdelmajid Lakhal
    
    Abdelmajid Lakhal was a Tunisian theatre and film actor and theatre director. He was considered to be a professional and versatile interpreter. Recently, he performed classical pieces translated into Arabic, at the Municipal theatre of Tunis, which were well received. He was known on Arab Television for acting in many telefilms.
6. James Traficant, American lawyer and politician (b. 1941) deaths
  1. James Traficant
    
    James Anthony Traficant Jr. was an American politician who served as a Democratic, and later independent, member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. He represented the 17th Congressional District, which centered on his hometown of Youngstown and included parts of three counties in northeast Ohio's Mahoning Valley. He was expelled from the House after being convicted of ten felony counts, including taking bribes, filing false tax returns, racketeering, and forcing his congressional staff to perform chores at his farm in Ohio and houseboat in Washington, D.C. He was sentenced to prison and released on September 2, 2009, after serving a seven-year sentence.
2013
1. Oscar Castro-Neves, Brazilian-American guitarist, composer, and conductor (b. 1940) deaths
  1. Oscar Castro-Neves
    
    Oscar Castro-Neves, was a Brazilian guitarist, arranger, and composer who is considered a founding figure in bossa nova.
2. Tuncel Kurtiz, Turkish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Tuncel Kurtiz
    
    Tuncel Tayanç Kurtiz was a Turkish theatre, movie and TV series actor, playwright, and film director. Since 1964, he acted in more than 70 movies, including many international productions.
3. Albert Naughton, English rugby player (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Albert Naughton
    
    Albert Naughton, also known by the nickname of "Ally", was an English World Cup winning professional rugby league footballer who played as a centre or loose forward in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s.
2012
1. Eddie Bert, American trombonist (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Eddie Bert
    
    Edward Joseph Bertolatus, also known as Eddie Bert, was an American jazz trombonist.
2. Herbert Lom, Czech-English actor (b. 1917) deaths
  1. Herbert Lom
    
    Herbert Charles Angelo Kuchačevič ze Schluderpacheru, known professionally as Herbert Lom, was a Czech-British actor who moved to the United Kingdom in 1939. In a career lasting more than 60 years, he generally appeared in character roles, often portraying criminals or suave villains in his younger years, and professional men as he aged. Highly versatile, he proved a skilled comic actor in The Pink Panther franchise, as inspector Dreyfus.
3. John Silber, American academic and politician (b. 1926) deaths
  1. John Silber
    
    John Robert Silber was an American academician and candidate for public office. From 1971 to 1996, he was President of Boston University (BU) and, from 1996 to 2002, Chancellor. From 2002 to 2003, he again served as President ; and, from 2003 until his death, he held the title of President Emeritus.
4. Sanjay Surkar, Indian director and screenwriter (b. 1959) deaths
  1. Sanjay Surkar
    
    Sanjay Surkar was a Marathi film director. He won three National Film Awards for the films Rao Saheb (1996), Tu Tithe Mee (1998) and Gharabaher (1999) in Best Feature Film in Marathi category. Along with films, Surkar had also worked in television and theatre.
5. Frank Wilson, American songwriter and producer (b. 1940) deaths
  1. Frank Wilson (musician)
    
    Frank Edward Wilson was an American songwriter, singer and record producer for Motown Records.
2011
1. David Croft, English director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922) deaths
  1. David Croft (TV producer)
    
    Major David John Croft, was an English television comedy screenwriter, producer and director. He produced and wrote a string of BBC sitcoms with partners Jimmy Perry and Jeremy Lloyd, including Dad's Army, Are You Being Served?, It Ain't Half Hot Mum, Hi-de-Hi! and 'Allo 'Allo!
2. Imre Makovecz, Hungarian architect (b. 1935) deaths
  1. Imre Makovecz
    
    Imre Makovecz was a Hungarian architect active in Europe from the late 1950s onward.
3. Johnny "Country" Mathis, American singer-songwriter (b. 1933) deaths
  1. "Country" Johnny Mathis
    
    "Country" Johnny Mathis was an American country music singer and songwriter. He is credited with penning more than 500 tunes over the course of his long career.
2010
1. George Blanda, American football player (b. 1927) deaths
  1. George Blanda
    
    George Frederick Blanda was an American football placekicker and quarterback who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). Blanda played 26 seasons of professional football, the most in the sport's history, and had scored more points than anyone in history at the time of his retirement.
2. Balaji Sadasivan, Singaporean neurosurgeon and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Singapore (b. 1955) deaths
  1. Balaji Sadasivan
    
    Balaji Sadasivan was a Singaporean politician and neurosurgeon. He attended Raffles Institution, Siglap Secondary School and National Junior College, and studied medicine at the University of Singapore. After graduating in 1979, he continued his education at the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, becoming a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (F.R.C.S.) in 1984. He also trained at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, from 1985 to 1989, and became a Fellow of Harvard University in 1990. He worked as a neurosurgeon until 2001, publishing over 50 book chapters and journal articles.
  2. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Singapore)
    
    The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for conducting and managing diplomatic relations between Singapore and other countries and regions.
3. Trevor Taylor, English race car driver (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Trevor Taylor (racing driver)
    
    Trevor Taylor was a British motor racing driver from England.
2009
1. Ivan Dykhovichny, Russian director and screenwriter (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Ivan Dykhovichny
    
    Ivan Vladimirovich Dykhovichny was a Russian film director and screenwriter.
2. Charles Houston, American physician and mountaineer (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Charles Snead Houston
    
    Charles Snead Houston was an American physician, mountaineer, high-altitude investigator, inventor, author, film-maker, and former Peace Corps administrator. He made two important and celebrated attempts to climb the mountain K2 in the Karakoram Range.
3. William Safire, American author and journalist (b. 1929) deaths
  1. William Safire
    
    William Lewis Safire was an American author, columnist, journalist, and presidential speechwriter. He was a long-time syndicated political columnist for The New York Times and wrote the "On Language" column in The New York Times Magazine about popular etymology, new or unusual usages, and other language-related topics.
2008
1. Henri Pachard, American director and producer (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Henri Pachard
    
    Henri Pachard, Jackson St. Louis and Crystal Blue were the pseudonyms of the American film director Ron Sullivan .
2007
1. Dale Houston, American singer-songwriter (b. 1940) deaths
  1. Dale Houston
    
    Dale Houston was an American singer who, along with his performing partner, Grace Broussard, hit the Billboard chart as Dale & Grace with two rock and roll singles. The first was the No. 1 gold record "I'm Leaving It Up to You" in 1963. "Stop and Think It Over" reached No. 8 in 1964. In his later years, Houston was reunited onstage with Broussard on several occasions. Their recordings are highly regarded examples of the Louisiana-Texas style known as "Swamp Pop".
2. Kenji Nagai, Japanese photographer and journalist (b. 1957) deaths
  1. Kenji Nagai
    
    Kenji Nagai was a Japanese photojournalist who took many assignments to conflict zones and dangerous areas around the world.
2006
1. Helmut Kallmeyer, German chemist and soldier (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Helmut Kallmeyer
    
    Helmut Kallmeyer was a German chemist in the era of National Socialism. He served as a consultant in Adolf Hitler's Chancellery for gasification methods. Later, he worked in the Technical Institute for the Detection of Crime. He was involved in Action T4, Nazi Germany's program to murder people with disabilities.
2005
1. Ronald Golias, Brazilian comedian and actor (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Ronald Golias
    
    Ronald Golias was a Brazilian comedian and actor.
2. Mary Lee Settle, American novelist, essayist, and memoirist (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Mary Lee Settle
    
    Mary Lee Settle was an American writer.
2004
1. John E. Mack, American psychiatrist and author (b. 1929) deaths
  1. John E. Mack
    
    John Edward Mack was an American psychiatrist, writer, and professor and the head of the department of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. In 1977, Mack won the Pulitzer Prize for his book A Prince of Our Disorder on T.E. Lawrence.
2003
1. Jean Lucas, French race car driver (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Jean Lucas (racing driver)
    
    Jean Lucas was a French racing driver. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, on 11 September 1955. Lucas was then manager of the Gordini team, and when regular driver Robert Manzon was unable to race, he stepped in to take his place. His retired his car with engine failure and scored no championship points.
2. Donald O'Connor, American actor, singer, and dancer (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Donald O'Connor
    
    Donald David Dixon Ronald O'Connor was an American dancer, singer and actor. He came to fame in a series of films in which he co-starred with Gloria Jean, Peggy Ryan, and Francis the Talking Mule.
2002
1. Jenna Ortega, American actress births
  1. Jenna Ortega
    
    Jenna Marie Ortega is an American actress best known for her role as Wednesday Addams in the Netflix horror comedy series Wednesday (2022).
2001
1. David Malukas, American race car driver births
  1. David Malukas
    
    David Malukas is a Lithuanian-American race car driver who competes in the IndyCar Series for Dale Coyne Racing.
1998
1. Ioana Mincă, Romanian tennis player births
  1. Ioana Mincă
    
    Ioana Mincă is a Romanian tennis player.
2. Doak Walker, American football player (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Doak Walker
    
    Ewell Doak Walker II was an American football player. He played college football as a halfback at Southern Methodist University (SMU), where he won the Heisman Trophy in 1948. Walker then played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) with the Detroit Lions for six seasons, from 1950 to 1955.
1997
1. Walter Trampler, American viola player and educator (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Walter Trampler
    
    Walter Trampler was a German musician and teacher of the viola and viola d'amore.
1996
1. Mohammad Najibullah, Afghan physician and politician, seventh President of Afghanistan (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Mohammad Najibullah
    
    Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzai, commonly known as Dr. Najib, was an Afghan politician who served as the General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, the leader of the one-party ruling Democratic Republic of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992 and as well as the President of Afghanistan from 1987 until his resignation in April 1992, shortly after which the mujahideen took over Kabul. After a failed attempt to flee to India, Najibullah remained in Kabul. He lived in the United Nations headquarters until his assassination by the Taliban after their capture of the city.
  2. President of Afghanistan
    
    The president of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan was constitutionally the head of state and head of government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021) and Commander-in-Chief of the Afghan Armed Forces.
1994
1. Dylan Walker, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Dylan Walker
    
    Dylan Walker is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre and five-eighth for the New Zealand Warriors in the NRL, and has played for Australia and the New Zealand Maori at international level.
1993
1. Lisandro Magallán, Argentinian footballer births
  1. Lisandro Magallán
    
    Lisandro Magallán is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Eredivisie club Ajax.
2. Monica Puig, Puerto Rican-American tennis player births
  1. Monica Puig
    
    Monica Puig Marchán is a Puerto Rican former professional tennis player. She is the first Puerto Rican in history to win a gold medal at the Olympics while representing Puerto Rico, having done so in 2016 at the women's singles event. She is also a Central American and Caribbean champion and Pan American silver medalist.
3. Vinnie Sunseri, American football player births
  1. Vinnie Sunseri
    
    Vincent Salvatore Sunseri is a former American football safety who is currently a runnings backs coach for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the fifth round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alabama and in addition served as a graduate assistant at the university in 2019.
4. Jimmy Doolittle, American general, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1896) deaths
  1. Jimmy Doolittle
    
    James Harold Doolittle was an American military general and aviation pioneer who received the Medal of Honor for his daring raid on Japan during World War II. He also made early coast-to-coast flights, record-breaking speed flights, won many flying races, and helped develop and flight-test instrument flying.
  2. Medal of Honor
    
    The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the president of the United States, but as it is presented "in the name of the United States Congress", it is sometimes erroneously referred to as the "Congressional Medal of Honor".
5. Fraser MacPherson, Canadian saxophonist and educator (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Fraser MacPherson
    
    John Fraser MacPherson CM was a Canadian jazz musician from Saint Boniface, Manitoba.
1992
1. Lachlan Burr, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Lachlan Burr
    
    Lachlan Burr is a former Australian professional rugby league footballer who last played as a lock and prop for the North Queensland Cowboys in the NRL.
2. Luc Castaignos, Dutch footballer births
  1. Luc Castaignos
    
    Luc Castaignos is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a striker.
3. Pak Kwang-ryong, North Korean footballer births
  1. Pak Kwang-ryong
    
    Pak Kwang-Ryong is a North Korean professional footballer who plays as a striker.
4. Ryan O'Shaughnessy, Irish singer-songwriter and actor births
  1. Ryan O'Shaughnessy
    
    Ryan O'Shaughnessy is an Irish singer and former actor from Loughshinny, Skerries, Dublin. He portrayed Mark Halpin in the popular TV series Fair City for nine years (2001–2010). In January 2012, he appeared in the inaugurative season of The Voice of Ireland and in May 2012, he took part in sixth series of Britain's Got Talent making it to the final and finishing in fifth place. He represented Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Together" finishing 16th.
5. Gabriel Vasconcelos Ferreira, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Gabriel (footballer, born September 1992)
    
    Gabriel Vasconcelos Ferreira, mononymously known as Gabriel, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Coritiba.
6. Granit Xhaka, Swiss footballer births
  1. Granit Xhaka
    
    Granit Xhaka is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Arsenal and captains the Switzerland national team.
7. Zhang Leping, Chinese comic artist (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Zhang Leping
    
    Zhang Leping was a Chinese comic artist born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang province. He played a key role in the development of modern manhua in China, and is mostly remembered for his work in Sanmao.
1991
1. Ousmane Barry, Guinean footballer births
  1. Ousmane Barry
    
    Elhadj Ousmane Barry, also known as Pato, is a Guinean international footballer who plays for Al-Okhdood as a centre forward.
2. Simona Halep, Romanian tennis player births
  1. Simona Halep
    
    Simona Halep is a Romanian professional tennis player. She has been ranked world No. 1 in singles twice between 2017 and 2019, for a total of 64 weeks, which ranks eleventh in the history of the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) rankings. Halep was the year-end No. 1 in 2017 and 2018. She has won two Grand Slam singles titles: the 2018 French Open and the 2019 Wimbledon Championships. From 27 January 2014 to 8 August 2021, Halep was ranked in the top 10 for 373 consecutive weeks, the eighth-longest streak in WTA history. During this seven-year span, she finished each year ranked no lower than No. 4. She has won 24 WTA Tour singles titles and finished runner-up 18 times.
3. Anete Paulus, Estonian footballer births
  1. Anete Paulus
    
    Anete Paulus is an Estonian football player who plays as a defender for Naiste Meistriliiga club Pärnu. She represented the Estonia national team from 2008 to 2017.
4. Rio Uchida, Japanese model and actress births
  1. Rio Uchida
    
    Rio Uchida is a Japanese actress and gravure idol who is affiliated with LesPros Entertainment. She is best known for her role as Kiriko Shijima, the main heroine of the Kamen Rider series Kamen Rider Drive.
5. Joe Hulme, English footballer and cricketer (b. 1904) deaths
  1. Joe Hulme
    
    Joseph Harold Anthony Hulme was an English footballer and cricketer.
1989
1. Park Tae-hwan, South Korean swimmer births
  1. Park Tae-hwan
    
    Park Tae-hwan is a South Korean competitive swimmer who is an Olympic gold medalist and world champion. He has four Olympic medals, five world titles, and 20 Asian Games medals. He won a gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle and a silver in the 200-meter freestyle events at the 2008 Summer Olympics. He also won two silver medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 200- and 400-meter freestyle. He is the first Asian swimmer to claim a gold medal in the men's 400-meter freestyle, and the first-ever South Korean swimmer to win any Olympic medal in swimming. He also holds 3 Asian Records, all in Men's Freestyle. He is best known for his impressive range and versatility, as he is able to compete at international level in 100-, 200-, 400- and 1,500-meter freestyle.
1988
1. Lisa Ryzih, German pole vaulter births
  1. Lisa Ryzih
    
    Elizaveta Ryzih is a German pole vault athlete. Two times an Olympian, she was 6th in London and 10th in Rio Olympic games. She was described by one athletics commentator as a "tall, fast and athletic" pole vaulter, and she has seen good success in European Championships as well as being a constant presence in the world yearly rankings of pole vaulters, placing among the top 10 vaulters in recent years.
1987
1. Ádám Bogdán, Hungarian footballer births
  1. Ádám Bogdán
    
    Ádám Bogdán is a Hungarian professional footballer, who plays as a goalkeeper for Hungarian club Ferencváros.
2. Austin Carlile, American singer-songwriter births
  1. Austin Carlile
    
    Austin Robert Carlile is an American musician and baseball coach from Pensacola, Florida. He achieved prominence as formerly the lead vocalist of Attack Attack! and Of Mice & Men. After leaving Of Mice & Men, he began coaching youth baseball in Costa Rica. A high school athlete, multiple surgeries from Marfan syndrome during his teenage years turned him towards music. In December 2016, Carlile departed from Of Mice & Men due to his Marfan syndrome and the effects that his vocal performances were having on his body.
3. Vanessa James, French figure skater births
  1. Vanessa James
    
    Vanessa James is a Canadian retired pair skater. Representing France with her former skating partner, Morgan Ciprès, she is the 2019 European Champion, the 2018 World bronze medallist, the 2017 European bronze medallist, the 2018 Grand Prix Final champion, and a six-time French national champion. They have also won medals in Grand Prix and Challenger Series competitions. James and Ciprès competed at the 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics.
4. Olga Puchkova, Russian tennis player births
  1. Olga Puchkova
    
    Olga Alekseyevna Puchkova is a Russian former professional tennis player. As a junior, she played for Belarus, and was sometimes listed as Belarusian professional.
1986
1. Vin Mazzaro, American baseball player births
  1. Vin Mazzaro
    
    Vincent Michael "Vin" Mazzaro is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Sussex County Miners of the Frontier League. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics, Kansas City Royals, Pittsburgh Pirates, Miami Marlins and San Francisco Giants.
2. Matt Shoemaker American baseball player births
  1. Matt Shoemaker
    
    Matthew David Shoemaker is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Angels, Toronto Blue Jays, and Minnesota Twins. Prior to beginning his professional career, he played college baseball at Eastern Michigan University (EMU). Shoemaker has also competed for the United States national baseball team.
3. Ricardo Risatti, Argentinian race car driver births
  1. Ricardo Risatti
    
    Ricardo Caíto Risatti is an Argentine racing driver who has progressed through the ranks of formula single-seater racing in South America and Europe. He was the 2006 Spanish Formula Three champion and now competes in the Argentine touring car series, TC 2000.
4. Cliff Burton, American bass player and songwriter (b. 1962) deaths
  1. Cliff Burton
    
    Clifford Lee Burton was an American musician who was the bassist for heavy metal band Metallica from 1982 until his death in 1986. He performed on Kill 'Em All (1983), Ride the Lightning (1984), and Master of Puppets (1986), the band's first three studio albums. Burton also received a posthumous writing credit on ...And Justice for All (1988) for the song "To Live Is to Die".
1985
1. Massimo Bertocchi, Canadian decathlete births
  1. Massimo Bertocchi
    
    Massimo Bertocchi is a male decathlete from Canada.
2. Daniel Pudil, Czech footballer births
  1. Daniel Pudil
    
    Daniel Pudil is a Czech former professional footballer who played for the Czech Republic national team and currently plays as a left back or left winger for Northern Counties East League Premier Division club Hallam.
3. Ibrahim Touré, Ivorian footballer (d. 2014) births
  1. Ibrahim Touré (footballer, born 1985)
    
    Ibrahim Obyala Touré was a professional footballer who played as a striker.
4. Lloyd Nolan, American actor (b. 1902) deaths
  1. Lloyd Nolan
    
    Lloyd Benedict Nolan was an American film and television actor. Among his many roles, Nolan is remembered for originating the role of private investigator Michael Shayne in a series of 1940s B movies.
1984
1. Paul Bevan, Australian footballer births
  1. Paul Bevan
    
    Paul Bevan is an Australian rules football player with the Sydney Swans of the Australian Football League (AFL).
2. Davide Capello, Italian footballer births
  1. Davide Capello
    
    Davide Ugo Capello is a former Italian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
3. John Lannan, American baseball player births
  1. John Lannan
    
    John Edward Lannan is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut with the Washington Nationals in 2007 against the Philadelphia Phillies; he was ejected from his first MLB game. He pitched with the Nationals for six seasons through 2012 and was the opening day starter in 2009 and 2010. He was relegated out of the rotation in 2012, and was eventually non-tendered making him a free agent. In December 2012, he signed with the division rival Phillies, with whom he was the fifth starter during the 2013 season. He played with the New York Mets in 2014.
4. Avril Lavigne, Canadian singer-songwriter, actress, and fashion designer births
  1. Avril Lavigne
    
    Avril Ramona Lavigne is a Canadian singer and songwriter. At age 16, she signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records. Her debut studio album, Let Go (2002), is the best-selling album of the 21st century by a Canadian artist. It yielded the singles "Complicated" and "Sk8er Boi", which emphasized a skate punk persona and earned her the title "Pop Punk Queen" from music publications. She is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk music, since she paved the way for female-driven, punk-influenced pop music in the early 2000s. Her second studio album, Under My Skin (2004), became Lavigne's first album to reach the top of the Billboard 200 chart in the United States, going on to sell 10 million copies worldwide.
5. Wouter Weylandt, Belgian cyclist (d. 2011) births
  1. Wouter Weylandt
    
    Wouter Weylandt was a Belgian professional cyclist for UCI ProTeam Quick-Step–Davitamon and later for Leopard Trek. His first major win was the 17th stage of the 2008 Vuelta a España. He also won the third stage of the 2010 Giro d'Italia. He died in a crash during the third stage of the 2011 Giro d'Italia.
6. Chronis Exarhakos, Greek actor (b. 1932) deaths
  1. Chronis Exarhakos
    
    Hronis Exarhakos was a Greek actor.
1983
1. Jeon Hye-bin, South Korean actress and singer births
  1. Jeon Hye-bin
    
    Jeon Hye-bin, also known as BIN, is a South Korean actress, singer and model. In 2002, she began her career as singer of the short-lived, three-member girl group LUV. However, the group disbanded the following year due to individual goals.
2. Wilfred Burchett, Australian journalist and author (b. 1911) deaths
  1. Wilfred Burchett
    
    Wilfred Graham Burchett was an Australian journalist known for being the first western journalist to report from Hiroshima after the dropping of the atomic bomb, and for his reporting from "the other side" during the wars in Korea and Vietnam.
1982
1. Jon McLaughlin, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Jon McLaughlin (musician)
    
    Jonathan McLaughlin is an American pop rock singer-songwriter, record producer and pianist from Anderson, Indiana. His debut album Indiana was released on May 1, 2007, preceded by his first EP Industry, also known as Jon McL, in February 2007. His most successful song is the 2008 single "Beating My Heart", from his second album OK Now.
2. Markus Rosenberg, Swedish footballer births
  1. Markus Rosenberg
    
    Nils Markus Rosenberg is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a forward. He spent the majority of his career with his boyhood club Malmö FF, as well as a notable five-year stint with German Bundesliga side Werder Bremen. Rosenberg served as captain of Malmö from 2015 to 2019. Rosenberg won 33 caps for the Sweden national team, scoring 6 goals, and represented them at the 2006 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2008, and UEFA Euro 2012.
3. Lil Wayne, American rapper, producer, and actor births
  1. Lil Wayne
    
    Dwayne Michael Carter Jr., known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record executive. His career began in 1995, at the age of 12, when he was signed by rapper Birdman, joining Cash Money Records as the youngest member of the label. From then on, Wayne was the flagship artist of Cash Money Records before ending his association with the company in June 2018. Regarded as one of the most influential hip hop artists of his generation by XXL, he has often been cited as one of the greatest rappers of all time.
4. Darrent Williams, American football player (d. 2007) births
  1. Darrent Williams
    
    Darrent Demarcus Williams was an American football player for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League. After attending high school in Fort Worth, Texas, Williams played football at Oklahoma State University. He was a second-round draft pick by the Broncos in 2005. Williams was killed in a drive-by shooting the day after he finished his second season with the Broncos.
1981
1. Sophie Crumb, American author and illustrator births
  1. Sophie Crumb
    
    Sophia Violet "Sophie" Crumb is an American-French comics artist. She is the daughter of underground comix artists Robert Crumb and Aline Kominsky-Crumb.
2. Brendon McCullum, New Zealand cricketer births
  1. Brendon McCullum
    
    Brendon Barrie McCullum is a cricket coach, commentator and former cricketer representing New Zealand, who played all formats, including as captain. McCullum was renowned for his quick scoring, notably recording the fastest test century of all time. He is considered one of the most successful batsmen and captains of New Zealand cricket. He retired from all forms of cricket in August 2019. McCullum is currently serving as the head coach of the England Cricket test team.
3. Lakshmipathy Balaji, Indian cricketer births
  1. Lakshmipathy Balaji
    
    Lakshmipathy Balaji is an Indian cricket coach and former cricketer. He is a right arm fast medium bowler. He announced his retirement from first-class and List A cricket in November 2016. He is currently the bowling coach for Chennai Super Kings, his former side in the Indian Premier League.
4. Robert Montgomery, American actor, singer, director, and producer (b. 1904) deaths
  1. Robert Montgomery (actor)
    
    Robert Montgomery was an American actor, director, and producer. He began his acting career on the stage, but was soon hired by MGM. Initially assigned roles in comedies, he soon proved he was able to handle dramatic ones as well. He appeared in a wide variety of roles, such as the weak-willed prisoner Kent in The Big House (1930), the psychotic Danny in Night Must Fall (1937), and Joe, the boxer mistakenly sent to Heaven in Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941). The last two earned him nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actor.
1980
1. Asashōryū Akinori, Mongolian sumo wrestler, the 68th Yokozuna births
  1. Asashōryū Akinori
    
    Asashōryū Akinori is a Mongolian former professional sumo wrestler (rikishi). He was the 68th yokozuna in the history of the sport in Japan, and in January 2003 he became the first Mongolian to reach sumo's highest rank. He was one of the most successful yokozuna ever. In 2005, he became the first wrestler to win all six official tournaments (honbasho) in a single year. Over his entire career, he won 25 top division tournament championships, placing him fourth on the all-time list.
  2. Makuuchi
    
    Makuuchi (幕内), or makunouchi (幕の内), is the top division of the six divisions of professional sumo. Its size is fixed at 42 wrestlers (rikishi), ordered into five ranks according to their ability as defined by their performance in previous tournaments.
2. Ehron VonAllen, American singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. Ehron VonAllen
    
    Ehron VonAllen is an American singer in the electronic pop genre, record producer, recording artist and remixer, currently based in Hollywood, California. Born Aaron Christopher Allen, VonAllen began music in a small town of 4,000 in Walnut Ridge, Arkansas. VonAllen's first run in with music was a concert video by Depeche Mode entitled "101". After graduating from high school, he moved to Dallas, Texas, to pursue a music career instead of university or military, which were both seriously considered. While living in Texas, he played shows in the popular music district of Deep Ellum in downtown Dallas.
1979
1. Jon Garland, American baseball player births
  1. Jon Garland
    
    Jon Steven Garland is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher. After being drafted by the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB) in 1997, Garland played for the Chicago White Sox, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Arizona Diamondbacks, Los Angeles Dodgers, San Diego Padres, and Colorado Rockies.
2. Zita Görög, Hungarian actress and model births
  1. Zita Görög
    
    Zita Görög is a Hungarian actress and model, often credited as Zita Gorog.
3. Christian Jones, Australian race car driver births
  1. Christian Jones (racing driver)
    
    Christian Jones is an Australian racing driver; he is the adopted son of 1980 Formula One World Champion Alan Jones.
4. Steve Simpson, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Steve Simpson (rugby league)
    
    Steve Simpson is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. A New South Wales State of Origin and Australia international representative second-row, he could also play prop or lock and played his entire club career for the Newcastle Knights, with whom he won the 2001 NRL Premiership.
5. Gracie Fields, English actress and singer (b. 1898) deaths
  1. Gracie Fields
    
    Dame Gracie Fields was an English actress, singer, comedian and star of cinema and music hall who was one of the top ten film stars in Britain during the 1930s and was considered the highest paid film star in the world in 1937. She was known affectionately as Our Gracie and the Lancashire Lass and for never losing her strong, native Lancashire accent. She was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) and an Officer of the Venerable Order of St John (OStJ) in 1938, and a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1979.
6. Jimmy McCulloch, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1953) deaths
  1. Jimmy McCulloch
    
    James McCulloch was a Scottish musician best known for playing lead guitar and bass, as a member of Paul McCartney's band Wings from 1974 to 1977. McCulloch was a member of the Glasgow psychedelic band One in a Million, Thunderclap Newman, and Stone the Crows.
1978
1. Brad Arnold, American rock singer-songwriter births
  1. Brad Arnold
    
    Bradley Kirk Arnold is an American musician, best known as the lead singer and drummer of the rock band 3 Doors Down. He has been sober for over 5 years and the only clean member of the original band. Matt Roberts left and later died from substance overdose and Harrel was arrested for a buzzed car crash.
2. Jon Rauch, American baseball player births
  1. Jon Rauch
    
    Jon Erich Rauch is an American former professional baseball pitcher. At 6 feet 11 inches (2.11 m), he is tied with Sean Hjelle as the tallest player in Major League Baseball history. He is also an Olympic Gold Medalist in baseball.
3. Mihaela Ursuleasa, Romanian pianist (d. 2012) births
  1. Mihaela Ursuleasa
    
    Mihaela Ursuleasa was a Romanian concert pianist. In 1995, she won the Clara Haskil International Piano Competition.
1977
1. Andrus Värnik, Estonian javelin thrower births
  1. Andrus Värnik
    
    Andrus Värnik is a retired Estonian track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. He is a World Champion, having won gold in 2005. His personal best throw of 87.83 m, set in 2003, was the Estonian record for 15 years.
1976
1. Matt Harding, American video game designer and dancer births
  1. Matt Harding
    
    Matthew Harding is an American traveler, video game designer, and Internet celebrity who is known as Dancing Matt, for his viral videos that show him dancing in front of landmarks and street scenes in various international locations. Harding has since received widespread coverage of his travel exploits in major print and broadcast media outlets, and was hired by Visa to star in their Travel Happy campaign in 2008.
2. Jason Phillips, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Jason Phillips (catcher)
    
    Jason Lloyd Phillips is an American professional baseball player and coach. He is the bullpen coach for the Trenton Thunder of the Class AA Eastern League. He played as a catcher and first baseman in Major League Baseball for the New York Mets, Los Angeles Dodgers, and Toronto Blue Jays.
3. Francesco Totti, Italian footballer births
  1. Francesco Totti
    
    Francesco Totti is an Italian former professional footballer who played solely for Roma and the Italy national team. He is often referred to as Er Bimbo de Oro, L'Ottavo Re di Roma, Er Pupone, and Il Capitano by the Italian sports media. A creative offensive playmaker who could play as an attacking midfielder and as a forward, renowned for his vision, technique, and goalscoring ability, Totti is considered to be one of the greatest Italian players of all time, one of the best players of his generation, and Roma's greatest player ever.
1975
1. Jack Lang, Australian lawyer and politician, 23rd Premier of New South Wales (b. 1876) deaths
  1. Jack Lang (Australian politician)
    
    John Thomas Lang, usually referred to as J. T. Lang during his career and familiarly known as "Jack" and nicknamed "The Big Fella", was an Australian politician, mainly for the New South Wales Branch of the Labor Party. He twice served as the 23rd Premier of New South Wales from 1925 to 1927 and again from 1930 to 1932. He was dismissed by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Philip Game, at the climax of the 1932 constitutional crisis and resoundingly lost the resulting election and subsequent elections as Leader of the Opposition. He later formed Lang Labor that contested federal and state elections and was briefly a member of the Australian House of Representatives.
  2. Premier of New South Wales
    
    The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.
1974
1. Carrie Brownstein, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress births
  1. Carrie Brownstein
    
    Carrie Rachel Brownstein is an American musician, actress, writer, director, and comedian. She first came to prominence as a member of the band Excuse 17 before forming the rock trio Sleater-Kinney. During a long hiatus from Sleater-Kinney, she formed the group Wild Flag. During this period, Brownstein wrote and appeared in a series of comedy sketches alongside Saturday Night Live alumnus Fred Armisen which were developed into the satirical comedy TV series Portlandia. The series went on to win Emmy and Peabody Awards. Sleater-Kinney eventually reunited; as of 2015, Brownstein was touring with the band as well as in support of her new memoir.
2. Silvio Frondizi, Argentinian lawyer and academic (b. 1907) deaths
  1. Silvio Frondizi
    
    Silvio Frondizi was an Argentine intellectual and lawyer, brother of President Arturo Frondizi and of the philosopher Risieri Frondizi. He became active in leftist groups, and was assassinated in 1974 by the Triple A right-wing death squad that operated under the Isabel Perón government.
1973
1. Vratislav Lokvenc, Czech footballer births
  1. Vratislav Lokvenc
    
    Vratislav Lokvenc is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a striker. After playing youth football for Náchod and Hradec Králové, he began his senior club career with the latter team. After moving to Sparta Prague he won five league titles and one cup, as well as the 1999–2000 league top scorer award. He subsequently played abroad, playing club football in Germany, Austria and Switzerland for 1. FC Kaiserslautern, VfL Bochum, Red Bull Salzburg, FC Basel and FC Ingolstadt 04. He retired in 2009.
2. Stanislav Pozdnyakov, Russian fencer births
  1. Stanislav Pozdnyakov
    
    Stanislav Alekseyevich Pozdnyakov is a Russian former fencer, a five-time Olympian (1992–2008) and five-time Olympic medalist in the sabre competitions. He was also a ten-time world champion, winning in 1994–2007. He currently serves as the president of the Russian Olympic Committee. In June 2022, he was removed from his position as European Fencing Confederation (EFC) President at an Extraordinary Congress following a unanimous vote of no confidence in Pozdnyakov in March 2022, due to his conduct in the wake of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
1972
1. Sylvia Crawley, American basketball player and coach births
  1. Sylvia Crawley
    
    Sylvia Crawley is a former American professional women's basketball forward, licensed minister and motivational speaker. She was also the head women's basketball coach of the Boston College Eagles, from 2008 to 2012, and an assistant coach with the Indiana Fever of the WNBA. She is currently an assistant coach for the North Carolina Tar Heels women's basketball team, her alma mater, where she also held the same position from 2000 to 2002.
2. Clara Hughes, Canadian cyclist and speed skater births
  1. Clara Hughes
    
    Clara Hughes, is a Canadian cyclist and speed skater who has won multiple Olympic medals in both sports. Hughes won two bronze in the 1996 Summer Olympics and four medals over the course of three Winter Olympics.
3. Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress, blogger, and businesswoman births
  1. Gwyneth Paltrow
    
    Gwyneth Kate Paltrow is an American actress and businesswoman. She is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award.
4. Craig L. Rice, American politician births
  1. Craig L. Rice
    
    Craig Lamont Rice is an American politician and member of the Montgomery County Council, serving from 2010 to 2022. Elected in 2006 to the Maryland House of Delegates, he served one four-year term and represented District 15 in western and northern Montgomery County.
5. S. R. Ranganathan, Indian mathematician, librarian, and academic (b. 1892) deaths
  1. S. R. Ranganathan
    
    Shiyali Ramamrita Ranganathan was a librarian and mathematician from India. His most notable contributions to the field were his five laws of library science and the development of the first major faceted classification system, the colon classification. He is considered to be the father of library science, documentation, and information science in India and is widely known throughout the rest of the world for his fundamental thinking in the field. His birthday is observed every year as the National Librarian Day in India.
1971
1. Horacio Sandoval, Mexican illustrator births
  1. Horacio Sandoval
    
    Horacio Miguel Sandoval Pérez is a comic book artist, member of !Ka-Boom¡ Estudio.
1970
1. Yoshiharu Habu, Japanese chess player and author births
  1. Yoshiharu Habu
    
    Yoshiharu Habu is a professional shogi player and a chess FIDE Master. His master is Tatsuya Futakami. He is the only person to simultaneously hold seven major professional shogi titles at the same time and is also the only person to qualify as a lifetime title holder for seven major titles. In January 2018, Habu became the first professional shogi player to be awarded Japan's People's Honour Award.
2. Tamara Taylor, Canadian actress births
  1. Tamara Taylor
    
    Tamara Taylor is a Canadian actress. She appeared in the role of Dr. Camille Saroyan, head of the Forensic Division, in the forensic crime drama Bones. She also appeared in season seven of Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., in which she played the secondary antagonist Sibyl. She also starred in the first two seasons of Law & Order: Organized Crime.
1968
1. Mari Kiviniemi, Finnish politician, 41st Prime Minister of Finland births
  1. Mari Kiviniemi
    
    Mari Johanna Kiviniemi is a Finnish politician, who served as the second female Prime Minister of Finland from 2010 to 2011.
  2. Prime Minister of Finland
    
    The prime minister of Finland is the leader of the Finnish Government. The prime minister and their cabinet exercise executive authority in the state. The prime minister is formally ranked third in the protocol after the president of Finland and the speaker of the Parliament. Finland's first prime minister, Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, was appointed on 27 November 1917, just a few days before the country declared independence from Russia.
1967
1. Uche Okechukwu, Nigerian footballer births
  1. Uche Okechukwu
    
    Uchechukwu Alozie “Uche” Okechukwu also known as Deniz Uygar is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a central defender.
2. Felix Yusupov, Russian husband of Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Felix Yusupov
    
    Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov, Count Sumarokov-Elston was a Russian aristocrat from the Yusupov family who is best known for participating in the assassination of Grigori Rasputin and for marrying Princess Irina Alexandrovna, a niece of Tsar Nicholas II.
  2. Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia
    
    Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia was the only daughter and eldest child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. She was the first grandchild of Tsar Alexander III and the only biological niece of Tsar Nicholas II. Irina was married to the wealthiest man in Imperial Russia, Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov. Her husband was one of the men who murdered Grigori Rasputin, "holy healer" to Irina's cousin, the hemophiliac Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich, in 1916.
1966
1. Debbie Wasserman Schultz, American politician births
  1. Debbie Wasserman Schultz
    
    Deborah Wasserman Schultz is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative from Florida's 23rd congressional district, first elected to Congress in 2004. A member of the Democratic Party, she is a former chair of the Democratic National Committee.
2. Stephanie Wilson, American engineer and astronaut births
  1. Stephanie Wilson
    
    Stephanie Diana Wilson is an American engineer and a NASA astronaut. She flew to space onboard three Space Shuttle missions, and is the second African American woman to go into space, after Mae Jemison. As of 2022, her 42 days in space are the second most of any female African American astronaut, having been surpassed by Jessica Watkins in 2022.
3. Lorenzo Cherubini, Italian singer-songwriter and rapper births
  1. Jovanotti
    
    Lorenzo Cherubini, better known as Jovanotti, is an Italian singer-songwriter, rapper and disc jockey.
1965
1. Steve Kerr, American basketball player, coach and sportscaster births
  1. Steve Kerr
    
    Stephen Douglas Kerr is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is a nine-time NBA champion, having won five titles as a player as well as four with the Warriors as a head coach. Kerr is the only NBA player to win four straight NBA titles after 1969. Kerr has the highest career three-point field goal percentage (45.4%) in NBA history for any player with at least 250 three-pointers made. He also held the NBA record for the highest three-point percentage in a season at 52.4% until the record was broken by Kyle Korver in 2010. He is known as one of the most prolific shooters of all time, and one of the greatest coaches in NBA history.
2. Bernard Lord, Canadian lawyer and politician, 30th Premier of New Brunswick births
  1. Bernard Lord
    
    Bernard Lord is a Canadian lawyer, business executive and former politician. He served as the 30th premier of New Brunswick from 1999 to 2006. Lord was appointed as board chair of Ontario Power Generation in 2014.
  2. Premier of New Brunswick
    
    The premier of New Brunswick is the first minister and head of government for the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
3. Peter MacKay, Canadian lawyer and politician, 50th Canadian Minister of Justice births
  1. Peter MacKay
    
    Peter Gordon MacKay is a Canadian lawyer and politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1997 to 2015 and has served as Minister of Justice and Attorney General (2013–2015), Minister of National Defence (2007–2013), and Minister of Foreign Affairs (2006–2007) in the Cabinet of Canada under Prime Minister Stephen Harper. MacKay was the final leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, and he agreed to merge the party with Stephen Harper's Canadian Alliance in 2003, forming the Conservative Party of Canada and making MacKay one of the co-founders of the current conservative wing of Canadian politics.
  2. Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada
    
    The minister of justice and attorney general of Canada is a dual-role portfolio in the Canadian Cabinet.
4. Alexis Stewart, American radio and television host births
  1. Alexis Stewart
    
    Alexis Gilbert Stewart is an American television host and radio personality. She is the only child of Martha Stewart and her ex-husband Andrew. She was the co-host of Whatever with Alexis and Jennifer on Sirius Satellite Radio, and Whatever with Alexis and Jennifer on the Hallmark Channel alongside co-host Jennifer Hutt.
5. Clara Bow, American actress (b. 1905) deaths
  1. Clara Bow
    
    Clara Gordon Bow was an American actress who rose to stardom during the silent film era of the 1920s and successfully made the transition to "talkies" in 1929. Her appearance as a plucky shopgirl in the film It brought her global fame and the nickname "The It Girl". Bow came to personify the Roaring Twenties and is described as its leading sex symbol.
6. William Stanier, English engineer, co-designed the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (b. 1876) deaths
  1. William Stanier
    
    Sir William Arthur Stanier, was a British railway engineer, and was chief mechanical engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.
  2. London, Midland and Scottish Railway
    
    The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) was a British railway company. It was formed on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act of 1921, which required the grouping of over 120 separate railways into four. The companies merged into the LMS included the London and North Western Railway, Midland Railway, the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, several Scottish railway companies, and numerous other, smaller ventures.
1964
1. Predrag Brzaković, Serbian footballer (d. 2012) births
  1. Predrag Brzaković
    
    Predrag "Peca" Brzaković was a Serbian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
2. Tracy Camp, American computer scientist and academic births
  1. Tracy Camp
    
    Tracy Kay Camp is an American computer scientist noted for her research on wireless networking. She is also noted for her leadership in broadening participation in computing. She was the co-chair of CRA-W from 2011 to 2014 and she was the co-chair of ACM-W from 1998 to 2002.
3. Johnny du Plooy, South African boxer (d. 2013) births
  1. Johnny du Plooy
    
    Johnny du Plooy was a former South African heavyweight boxer best known for his win over former WBA World Heavyweight champion Mike Weaver. He challenged once for the WBO World Heavyweight title in 1989.
4. Stephan Jenkins, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Stephan Jenkins
    
    Stephan Douglas Jenkins is an American singer, guitarist, and the frontman of the alternative rock band Third Eye Blind. He began his musical career in 1992 as part of the short-lived rap duo Puck and Natty, alongside Detroit rapper Herman Anthony Chunn. Following the breakup of the duo, Jenkins and guitarist Kevin Cadogan formed Third Eye Blind in 1993. The band released their eponymous debut studio album in 1997, which went multi-platinum in the United States. Since then, they have released six more albums: Blue (1999), Out of the Vein (2003), Ursa Major (2009), Dopamine (2015), Screamer (2019), and Our Bande Apart (2021). As part of Third Eye Blind, Jenkins has received one Billboard Music Award and eight California Music Awards.
1963
1. Marc Maron, American comedian, actor, and radio host births
  1. Marc Maron
    
    Marcus David Maron is an American stand-up comedian, podcaster, writer, actor, and musician.
1962
1. Gavin Larsen, New Zealand cricketer and sportscaster births
  1. Gavin Larsen
    
    Gavin Rolf Larsen is a former New Zealand cricketer who specialised in the art of economical bowling. He was known playfully by his teammates as "The Postman". He is currently chief selector for the national side.
1961
1. Hilda Doolittle. American poet, novelist, and memoirist (b. 1886) deaths
  1. H.D.
    
    Hilda Doolittle was an American modernist poet, novelist, and memoirist who wrote under the name H.D. throughout her life. Her career began in 1911 after she moved to London and co-founded the avant-garde Imagist group of poets with American expatriate poet and critic Ezra Pound. During this early period, her minimalist free verse poems depicting Classical motifs drew international attention. Eventually distancing herself from the Imagist movement, she experimented with a wider variety of forms, including fiction, memoir, and verse drama. Profoundly affected by her experiences in London during the Blitz, H.D.'s poetic style from World War II until her death pivoted towards complex long poems on esoteric and pacifist themes.
1960
1. Jean-Marc Barr, German-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Jean-Marc Barr
    
    Jean-Marc Barr is a French-American film actor and director. He is best known for working on several films from Danish film director and frequent collaborator Lars von Trier since Europa (1991).
2. Sylvia Pankhurst, English activist (b. 1882) deaths
  1. Sylvia Pankhurst
    
    Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst was a campaigning English feminist and socialist. Committed to organising working-class women in London's East End, and unwilling in 1914 to enter into a wartime political truce with the government, she broke with the suffragette leadership of her mother and sister, Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst. She was inspired by the Russian Revolution and consulted with Lenin, but defied Moscow in endorsing a syndicalist programme of workers' control and by criticising the emerging Soviet dictatorship.
1959
1. Beth Heiden, American speed skater and cyclist births
  1. Beth Heiden
    
    Elizabeth Lee "Beth" Heiden Reid is an American athlete who excelled in speed skating, cross-country skiing, and bicycle racing. She was born in Madison, Wisconsin. She was a speedskating bronze medalist at the 1980 Lake Placid Winter Olympics, where her brother Eric won five speedskating gold medals.
1958
1. Shaun Cassidy, American actor, singer, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Shaun Cassidy
    
    Shaun Paul Cassidy is an American singer, actor, writer, and producer. He has created and/or produced a number of television series including American Gothic, Roar and Invasion. Cassidy currently serves as executive producer and writer for NBC's medical drama New Amsterdam.
2. Irvine Welsh, Scottish author and playwright births
  1. Irvine Welsh
    
    Irvine Welsh is a Scottish novelist, playwright and short story writer. His 1993 novel Trainspotting was made into a film of the same name. He has also written plays and screenplays, and directed several short films.
1957
1. Bill Athey, English cricketer, footballer, and coach births
  1. Bill Athey
    
    Charles William Jeffrey Athey is a retired English first-class cricketer, who played for England, and first-class cricket for Gloucestershire, Yorkshire and Sussex; he also played a solitary one-day game for Worcestershire. His bulldog spirit was exemplified by the Union Jack tattooed on his arm. He played in 23 Test matches between 1980 and 1988, but scored more than 50 runs only five times in 41 innings. In 1990, Athey joined the rebel tour to South Africa.
1956
1. Steve Archibald, Scottish footballer and manager births
  1. Steve Archibald
    
    Steven Archibald is a Scottish former professional footballer and manager. He played prominently as a forward for Aberdeen, winning the Scottish league in 1980, Tottenham Hotspur, winning two FA Cups and a UEFA Cup, and Barcelona, winning the Spanish league in 1985. He also played for several other clubs in Scotland, England, Spain and Ireland.
2. Gerald Finzi, English composer and educator (b. 1901) deaths
  1. Gerald Finzi
    
    Gerald Raphael Finzi was a British composer. Finzi is best known as a choral composer, but also wrote in other genres. Large-scale compositions by Finzi include the cantata Dies natalis for solo voice and string orchestra, and his concertos for cello and clarinet.
3. Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American basketball player and golfer (b. 1911) deaths
  1. Babe Didrikson Zaharias
    
    Mildred Ella "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias was an American athlete who excelled in golf, basketball, baseball and track and field. She won two gold medals in track and field at the 1932 Summer Olympics, before turning to professional golf and winning 10 LPGA major championships.
1954
1. Ray Hadley, Australian radio host and sportscaster births
  1. Ray Hadley
    
    Raymond Morris Hadley OAM is an Australian talkback radio broadcaster and a rugby league football commentator for Channel Nine. He presents 2GB Sydney's Monday to Friday morning show, and leads the Continuous Call Team, a rugby league-based talkback radio panel program.
2. Dmitry Sitkovetsky, Russian violinist and conductor births
  1. Dmitry Sitkovetsky
    
    Dmitry Yulianovich Sitkovetsky is a Soviet-Russian born classical violinist, conductor and arranger, most notably of an arrangement for strings of J. S. Bach's Goldberg Variations.
3. Larry Wall, American computer programmer and author births
  1. Larry Wall
    
    Larry Arnold Wall is an American computer programmer and author. He created the Perl programming language.
1953
1. Diane Abbott, English journalist and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for International Development births
  1. Diane Abbott
    
    Diane Julie Abbott is a British politician who has been Member of Parliament (MP) for Hackney North and Stoke Newington since 1987. A socialist member of the Labour Party, she served in Jeremy Corbyn's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Home Secretary from 2016 to 2020. Abbott is the first black woman elected to Parliament, and the longest-serving black MP in the House of Commons.
  2. Shadow Cabinet Minister for International Development
    
    The shadow cabinet minister for international development is the lead spokesperson for the United Kingdom's Official Opposition on issues related to international aid, most notably to the third world. The shadow cabinet minister holds the Minister of State for Development and Africa to account in Parliament. The role previously had no counterpart in the British Government between 2020 and 2022 after the Department for International Development (DFID) and the role of international development secretary was abolished by the second Johnson government in 2020. The position was renamed from Shadow Secretary of State for International Development in November 2021 and placed under the Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs.
2. Mata Amritanandamayi, Indian guru and saint births
  1. Mata Amritanandamayi
    
    Mātā Amritānandamayī Devī, often known as Amma ("Mother"), is an Indian Hindu spiritual leader, guru and humanitarian, who is revered as 'the hugging saint' by her followers.
3. Claudio Gentile, Italian footballer and manager births
  1. Claudio Gentile
    
    Claudio Gentile is an Italian football manager and former player who played as a defender in the 1970s and 1980s.
4. Greg Ham, Australian keyboard player, saxophonist and songwriter (d. 2012) births
  1. Greg Ham
    
    Gregory Norman Ham was an Australian musician, songwriter, and actor, best known as a member of the 1980s band Men at Work. He played saxophone, flute, organ, piano, and synthesizer.
1952
1. Katie Fforde, English author births
  1. Katie Fforde
    
    Katie Fforde, née Catherine Rose Gordon-Cumming, is a British romance novelist. Published since 1995, her romance novels are set in modern-day England.
2. Dumitru Prunariu, Romanian pilot, engineer, and astronaut births
  1. Dumitru Prunariu
    
    Dumitru-Dorin Prunariu is a Romanian cosmonaut. He flew in space aboard Soyuz 40 spacecraft and Salyut 6 space laboratory. He teamed with the Soviet cosmonaut Leonid Popov. The backup crew was made of Romanian candidate cosmonaut Dumitru Dediu and Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Romanenko.
1951
1. Geoff Gallop, Australian politician, 27th Premier of Western Australia births
  1. Geoff Gallop
    
    Geoffrey Ian Gallop is an Australian academic and former politician who served as the 27th Premier of Western Australia from 2001 to 2006. He is currently a professor and director of the Graduate School of Government at the University of Sydney and former chairman of the Australian Republican Movement.
  2. Premier of Western Australia
    
    The premier of Western Australia is the head of government of the state of Western Australia. The role of premier at a state level is similar to the role of the prime minister of Australia at a federal level. The premier leads the executive branch of the Government of Western Australia and is accountable to the Parliament of Western Australia. The premier is appointed by the governor of Western Australia. By convention, the governor appoints as premier whoever has the support of the majority of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. In practice, this means that the premier is the leader of the political party or group of parties with a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. Since Western Australia achieved self-governance in 1890, there have been 31 premiers. Mark McGowan is the current premier, having been appointed to the position on 17 March 2017.
2. Michel Rivard, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Michel Rivard
    
    Michel Rivard is a singer-songwriter and musician from Quebec. He was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His father Robert Rivard was an actor. Michel began his career at an early age appearing in a Canadian television series and in TV commercials.
3. Jim Shooter, American author and illustrator births
  1. Jim Shooter
    
    James Shooter is an American writer, editor and publisher for various comic books. He started professionally in the medium at the age of 14, and he is most notable for his successful and controversial run as Marvel Comics' ninth editor-in-chief, and his work as editor in chief of Valiant Comics.
1950
1. Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa, Japanese-American actor and martial artist births
  1. Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa
    
    Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa is a Japanese-born American actor, film producer, and martial artist.
1949
1. Graham Richardson, Australian journalist and politician, 39th Australian Minister for Health births
  1. Graham Richardson
    
    Graham Frederick Richardson is an Australian former Labor Party politician who was a Senator for New South Wales from 1983 to 1994 and served as a Cabinet Minister in both the Hawke and Keating Governments. He is currently a media commentator, public speaker, and political lobbyist.
  2. Minister for Health and Aged Care
    
    The Minister for Health and Aged Care is the position in the Australian cabinet responsible for national health and wellbeing and medical research. The incumbent Minister is Labor MP Mark Butler.
2. Mike Schmidt, American baseball player births
  1. Mike Schmidt
    
    Michael Jack Schmidt is an American former professional baseball third baseman who played his entire 18-season career in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies. Schmidt was a 12-time All-Star and a three-time winner of the National League (NL) Most Valuable Player award (MVP), and he was known for his combination of power hitting and strong defense. As a hitter, he compiled 548 home runs and 1,595 runs batted in (RBIs), and led the NL in home runs eight times and in RBIs four times. As a fielder, Schmidt won the National League Gold Glove Award for third basemen ten times. Schmidt was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1995 and is widely considered to be the greatest third baseman in baseball history.
3. Jahn Teigen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2020) births
  1. Jahn Teigen
    
    Jahn Teigen was a Norwegian singer, musician and comedian. He represented Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest three times, in 1978, 1982 and 1983, His given name was Jan; he added the silent H later. From October 2006 until his death in February 2020, he resided in Sweden.
1948
1. Tom Braidwood, Canadian actor, director, and producer births
  1. Tom Braidwood
    
    Tom Braidwood is a Canadian actor and director known for the role of Melvin Frohike, one of the conspiracy theorists known as The Lone Gunmen on the American television series The X-Files. Braidwood also served as an assistant director on the show from seasons one through five; was a second unit director on Millennium, another series from Chris Carter, the creator of The X-Files; and a producer of the second season of the Canadian TV series Da Vinci's Inquest, on which he also directed some episodes.
2. Les Chapman, English footballer and manager births
  1. Les Chapman
    
    Leslie Chapman, commonly known as Les and sometimes as Chappy, is an English former football player and manager. As a player, he made 747 appearances in the Football League in a career that spanned 22 seasons, playing for Oldham Athletic, Huddersfield Town, Stockport County, Bradford City, Rochdale and Preston North End, and also spent a season in the North American Soccer League with the San Jose Earthquakes. As a manager, he took charge of Stockport County and Preston North End. After his spell in club management he became a long-standing kit manager for Manchester City before moving to his current role as a presenter and content producer for the club's media department. He also had a brief cameo in the song "Parklife" by Blur.
3. Duncan Fletcher, Rhodesian-Zimbabwean cricketer and coach births
  1. Duncan Fletcher
    
    Duncan Andrew Gwynne Fletcher is a Zimbabwean cricket coach and former cricketer, who has coached the England and Indian national teams.
1947
1. Dick Advocaat, Dutch football manager and former player births
  1. Dick Advocaat
    
    Dirk Nicolaas Advocaat is a Dutch former football player and coach who is currently the head coach of Eerste Divisie side ADO Den Haag.
2. Richard Court, Australian politician, 26th Premier of Western Australia births
  1. Richard Court
    
    Richard Fairfax Court is a former Australian politician and diplomat. He served as Premier of Western Australia from 1993 to 2001 and as Australian Ambassador to Japan from 2017 to 2020. A member of the Liberal Party, he represented the Perth-area electorate of Nedlands in the Western Australian Legislative Assembly from 1982 to 2001. His father, Sir Charles Court, also served as state premier.
  2. Premier of Western Australia
    
    The premier of Western Australia is the head of government of the state of Western Australia. The role of premier at a state level is similar to the role of the prime minister of Australia at a federal level. The premier leads the executive branch of the Government of Western Australia and is accountable to the Parliament of Western Australia. The premier is appointed by the governor of Western Australia. By convention, the governor appoints as premier whoever has the support of the majority of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. In practice, this means that the premier is the leader of the political party or group of parties with a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. Since Western Australia achieved self-governance in 1890, there have been 31 premiers. Mark McGowan is the current premier, having been appointed to the position on 17 March 2017.
3. Barbara Dickson, Scottish singer-songwriter and actress births
  1. Barbara Dickson
    
    Barbara Ruth Dickson is a Scottish singer and actress whose hits include "I Know Him So Well", "Answer Me" and "January February". Dickson has placed fifteen albums on the UK Albums Chart from 1977 to date, and had a number of hit singles, including four which reached the top 20 on the UK Singles Chart. The Scotsman newspaper has described her as Scotland's best-selling female singer in terms of the numbers of hit chart singles and albums she has achieved in the UK since 1976.
4. Denis Lawson, Scottish actor, director, and screenwriter births
  1. Denis Lawson
    
    Denis Stamper Lawson is a Scottish actor and director. He is known for his roles as John Jarndyce in the BBC's adaptation of Bleak House, as Gordon Urquhart in the film Local Hero, as Retired DI Steve McAndrew in BBC One's New Tricks, as Kit Curran in The Kit Curran Radio Show, and as Wedge Antilles in the original Star Wars trilogy.
5. Meat Loaf, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (d. 2022) births
  1. Meat Loaf
    
    Michael Lee Aday, known professionally as Meat Loaf, was an American rock singer and actor. He was noted for his powerful, wide-ranging voice and theatrical live shows. He is on the list of best-selling music artists. His Bat Out of Hell trilogy — Bat Out of Hell (1977), Bat Out of Hell II: Back into Hell (1993), and Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose (2006) — has sold more than 100 million records worldwide. The first album stayed on the charts for over nine years, still sells an estimated 200,000 copies annually, and is on the list of best-selling albums.
1946
1. Nicos Anastasiades, Cypriot lawyer and politician, seventh President of Cyprus births
  1. Nicos Anastasiades
    
    Nicos Anastasiades is a Cypriot politician who is the current president of Cyprus since 2013. He was re-elected in 2018. Previously, he was the leader of Democratic Rally between 1997 and 2013 and served as Member of Parliament from Limassol between 1981 and 2013.
  2. President of Cyprus
    
    The president of Cyprus, officially the president of the Republic of Cyprus, is the head of state and the head of government of Cyprus. The office was created in 1960, after Cyprus gained its independence from the United Kingdom.
2. T. C. Cannon, American painter and sculptor (d. 1978) births
  1. T. C. Cannon
    
    Tommy Wayne Cannon (Kiowa) was an important Native American artist of the 20th century. He was popularly known as T. C. Cannon. He was an enrolled member of the Kiowa Tribe and also had Caddo and French ancestry.
1945
1. Jack Goldstein, Canadian-American painter (d. 2003) births
  1. Jack Goldstein
    
    Jack Goldstein was a Canadian born, California-based performance and conceptual artist turned painter in the 1980s art boom.
1944
1. Angélica María, American-born Mexican singer-songwriter and actress births
  1. Angélica María
    
    Angélica María Hartman Ortiz, known professionally as La novia de Mexico, is an American-Mexican actress and singer-songwriter. Her songs El hombre de mi vida peaked at No. 6, Reina Y Cenicienta peaked at No. 9, Prohibido (Prohibited) peaked at No. 13, and El Taconazo peaked at No. 34 on the hot Latin songs chart. She also belongs to the so-called Golden Age of Mexican cinema.
2. Gary Sutherland, American baseball player and scout births
  1. Gary Sutherland
    
    Gary Lynn Sutherland, nicknamed "Sudsy", is an American former professional baseball middle infielder. He played college baseball at the University of Southern California and later played 13 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1966 to 1978.
3. Aimee Semple McPherson, Canadian-American evangelist, founded the International Church of the Foursquare Gospel (b. 1890) deaths
  1. Aimee Semple McPherson
    
    Aimee Elizabeth Semple McPherson, also known as Sister Aimee or Sister, was a Canadian Pentecostal evangelist and media celebrity in the 1920s and 1930s, famous for founding the Foursquare Church. McPherson pioneered the use of broadcast mass media for wider dissemination of both religious services and appeals for donations, using radio to draw in both additional audience and revenue with the growing appeal of popular entertainment and incorporating stage techniques into her weekly sermons at Angelus Temple, an early megachurch.
  2. The Foursquare Church
    
    The Foursquare Church is an Evangelical Pentecostal Christian denomination founded in 1923 by preacher Aimee Semple McPherson. The headquarters are in Los Angeles, California, United States.
1943
1. Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (d. 2021) births
  1. Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943–2021)
    
    Prince Amedeo of Savoy-Aosta, 5th Duke of Aosta was a claimant to the headship of the House of Savoy, the family which ruled Italy from 1861 to 1946. Until 7 July 2006, Amedeo was styled Duke of Aosta; on that date he declared himself Duke of Savoy, a title that was disputed between him and his third cousin, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples, only son of King Umberto II of Italy.
2. Randy Bachman, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Randy Bachman
    
    Randolph Charles Bachman is a Canadian guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He was a founding member of the bands The Guess Who and Bachman–Turner Overdrive. Bachman recorded as a solo artist and was part of a number of short-lived bands such as Brave Belt, Union and Ironhorse. He was a national radio personality on CBC Radio, hosting the weekly music show, Vinyl Tap. Bachman was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame and Museum in 2016.
1942
1. Dith Pran, Cambodian photographer and journalist (d. 2008) births
  1. Dith Pran
    
    Dith Pran was a Cambodian photojournalist. He was a refugee and survivor of the Cambodian genocide and the subject of the film The Killing Fields (1984).
2. Alvin Stardust, English singer and actor (d. 2014) births
  1. Alvin Stardust
    
    Bernard William Jewry, known professionally as Shane Fenton and later as Alvin Stardust, was an English rock singer and stage actor. Performing first as Shane Fenton in the 1960s, Jewry had a moderately successful career in the pre-Beatles era, hitting the UK top 40 with four singles in 1961–62. However, he became better known for singles released in the 1970s and 1980s as Alvin Stardust, a character he began in the glam rock era, with hits including the UK Singles Chart-topper "Jealous Mind", as well as later hits such as "Pretend" and "I Feel Like Buddy Holly".
3. Douglas Albert Munro, United States Coast Guard signalman, posthumously awarded Medal of Honor, (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Douglas Albert Munro
    
    Douglas Albert Munro was a United States Coast Guardsman who was posthumously decorated with the Medal of Honor for an act of "extraordinary heroism" during World War II. He is the only person to have received the medal for actions performed during service in the Coast Guard.
  2. Medal of Honor
    
    The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the president of the United States, but as it is presented "in the name of the United States Congress", it is sometimes erroneously referred to as the "Congressional Medal of Honor".
1941
1. Peter Bonetti, English footballer and coach (d. 2020) births
  1. Peter Bonetti
    
    Peter Philip Bonetti was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Chelsea, the St. Louis Stars, Dundee United and England. He was known for his safe handling, lightning reflexes and his graceful style, for which he was given the nickname "The Cat". He was one of several goalkeepers who specialised in a one-armed throw which could achieve a similar distance to a drop kick.
2. Serge Ménard, Canadian lawyer and politician births
  1. Serge Ménard
    
    Naval Lieutenant (Retired) Serge Ménard is a politician from Quebec, Canada. He was a member of the National Assembly of Quebec from 1993 to 2003, and a member of Parliament from 2004 to 2011. Outside politics he has been a lawyer, lecturer and professor.
3. Don Nix, American saxophonist, songwriter, and producer births
  1. Don Nix
    
    Don Nix is an American songwriter, composer, arranger, musician, and author. Although cited as being "one of the more obscure figures in Southern soul and rock", he is a key figure in several genres of Southern rock and soul, R&B, and the blues. He played "Memphis soul" sound.
1940
1. Josephine Barstow, English soprano and actress births
  1. Josephine Barstow
    
    Dame Josephine Clare Barstow, is an English operatic soprano.
2. Benoni Beheyt, Belgian cyclist births
  1. Benoni Beheyt
    
    Benoni Beheyt is a Belgian former professional road bicycle racer who raced from 1962 to 1968. Beheyt won 22 races and is most famous for winning the 1963 World Cycling Championships Road Race and stage win of the 1964 Tour de France. He also competed in the individual road race and team time trial events at the 1960 Summer Olympics.
3. Walter Benjamin, German philosopher and critic (b. 1892) deaths
  1. Walter Benjamin
    
    Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was a German Jewish philosopher, cultural critic and essayist.
4. Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian physician and neuroscientist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857) deaths
  1. Julius Wagner-Jauregg
    
    Julius Wagner-Jauregg was an Austrian physician, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1927, and is the first psychiatrist to have done so. His Nobel award was "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica".
  2. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
1939
1. Nicholas Haslam, English interior designer and author births
  1. Nicky Haslam
    
    Nicholas Ponsonby Haslam is an English interior designer and socialite, and founder of the London-based interior design firm, NH Studio Ltd.
2. Carol Lynn Pearson, American author, poet, and playwright births
  1. Carol Lynn Pearson
    
    Carol Lynn Wright Pearson is an American poet, author, screenwriter, and playwright. A member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Pearson is best known for her book Goodbye, I Love You, a memoir of her marriage to a gay man who died of AIDS in 1984. She frequently addresses the topics of LGBT acceptance and the role of Latter-day Saint women.
3. Kathy Whitworth, American golfer births
  1. Kathy Whitworth
    
    Kathrynne Ann Whitworth is an American professional golfer. Throughout her playing career she won 88 LPGA Tour tournaments, more than anyone else on the LPGA Tour. In 1981, she became the first woman to reach career earnings of $1 million on the LPGA Tour. She is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame.
1938
1. Jean-Loup Dabadie, French journalist, songwriter, and screenwriter (d. 2020) births
  1. Jean-Loup Dabadie
    
    Jean-Loup Dabadie was a French journalist, writer, lyricist, screenwriter and member of the Académie Française.
1937
1. Vasyl Durdynets, Ukrainian politician and diplomat, eighth Prime Minister of Ukraine births
  1. Vasyl Durdynets
    
    Major General Vasyl Vasylovych Durdynets is a Ukrainian politician and diplomat. He served as Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine during a short period in July 1997.
  2. Prime Minister of Ukraine
    
    The prime minister of Ukraine is the head of government of Ukraine. The prime minister presides over the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which is the highest body of the executive branch of the Ukrainian government. The position replaced the Soviet post of chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR, which was established on March 25, 1946.
1936
1. Don Cornelius, American television host and producer (d. 2012) births
  1. Don Cornelius
    
    Donald Cortez Cornelius was an American television show host and producer widely known as the creator of the nationally syndicated dance and music show Soul Train, which he hosted from 1971 until 1993. Cornelius sold the show to MadVision Entertainment in 2008.
2. Gordon Honeycombe, English actor, playwright, and author (d. 2015) births
  1. Gordon Honeycombe
    
    Ronald Gordon Honeycombe, known professionally as Gordon Honeycombe, was a British newscaster, author, playwright and stage actor.
1935
1. Al MacNeil, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Al MacNeil
    
    Allister Wences MacNeil is a former National Hockey League player and coach. He was the first native of Atlantic Canada to serve as a head coach in the NHL.
2. Alan Gray, English composer and organist (b. 1855) deaths
  1. Alan Gray
    
    Alan Gray was an English organist and composer.
1934
1. Wilford Brimley, American actor (d. 2020) births
  1. Wilford Brimley
    
    Anthony Wilford Brimley was an American actor. After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps and working odd jobs in the 1950s, Brimley started working as an extra and stuntman in Western films in the late 1960s. He became an established character actor in the 1970s and 1980s in films such as The China Syndrome (1979), The Thing (1982), Tender Mercies (1983), The Natural (1984), and Cocoon (1985). Brimley was known for playing characters at times much older than his age. He was the long-term face of American television advertisements for the Quaker Oats Company. He also promoted diabetes education and appeared in related television commercials for Liberty Medical.
2. Claude Jarman, Jr., American actor and producer births
  1. Claude Jarman Jr.
    
    Claude Jarman Jr. is an American former child actor, entrepreneur, former executive director of the San Francisco International Film Festival and former director of Cultural Affairs for the City of San Francisco.
3. Dick Schaap, American sportscaster and author (d. 2001) births
  1. Dick Schaap
    
    Richard Jay Schaap was an American sportswriter, broadcaster, and author.
4. Ellen Willmott, English horticulturalist (b. 1858) deaths
  1. Ellen Willmott
    
    Ellen Ann Willmott was an English horticulturist. She was an influential member of the Royal Horticultural Society, and a recipient of the first Victoria Medal of Honour, awarded to British horticulturists living in the UK by the society, in 1897. Willmott was said to have cultivated more than 100,000 species and cultivars of plants and sponsored expeditions to discover new species. Inherited wealth allowed Willmott to buy large gardens in France and Italy to add to the garden at her home, Warley Place in Essex. More than 60 plants have been named after her or her home, Warley Place.
1933
1. Rodney Cotterill, Danish-English physicist and neuroscientist (d. 2007) births
  1. Rodney Cotterill
    
    Rodney Michael John Cotterill Order of the Dannebrog was an English-Danish physicist, and neuroscientist, who was educated at University College London, Yale (M.S.) and Cambridge University (Ph.D.). He spent most of his career as a professor at the Technical University of Denmark, Denmark, (1967-) after having spent five years as a researcher at the Argonne National Laboratory.
2. Greg Morris, American actor (d. 1996) births
  1. Greg Morris
    
    Francis Gregory Alan Morris was an American actor. He was best known for portraying Barney Collier on Mission: Impossible and Lt. David Nelson on Vega$.
1932
1. Geoff Bent, English footballer (d. 1958) births
  1. Geoff Bent
    
    Geoffrey Bent was an English footballer who played as a full-back. He was one of the eight Manchester United players who lost their lives in the Munich air disaster.
2. Michael Colvin, English captain and politician (d. 2000) births
  1. Michael Colvin
    
    Michael Keith Beale Colvin was a British Conservative Party politician. He was first elected as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Bristol North West in 1979. From 1983 onwards, he was the MP for Romsey and Waterside constituency in Hampshire, which later became the constituency of Romsey.
3. Gabriel Loubier, Canadian politician births
  1. Gabriel Loubier
    
    Gabriel Loubier was a politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as leader of the Union Nationale party from 1971 to 1974, and as Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly of Quebec from 1971 to 1973.
4. Oliver E. Williamson, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2020) births
  1. Oliver E. Williamson
    
    Oliver Eaton Williamson was an American economist, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, which he shared with Elinor Ostrom.
  2. Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
    
    The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, is an economics award administered by the Nobel Foundation.
5. Marcia Neugebauer, American geophysicist births
  1. Marcia Neugebauer
    
    Marcia Neugebauer is a prominent American geophysicist who made contributions to space physics. Neugebauer's research was among the first that yielded the first direct measurements of the solar wind and shed light on its physics and interaction with comets.
1931
1. Freddy Quinn, Austrian singer, guitarist, and actor births
  1. Freddy Quinn
    
    Freddy Quinn is an Austrian singer and actor whose popularity in the German-speaking world soared in the late 1950s and 1960s. As Hans Albers had done two generations before him, Quinn adopted the persona of the rootless wanderer who goes to sea but longs for a home, family and friends. Quinn's Irish family name comes from his Irish-born salesman father, Johann Quinn. His mother, Edith Henriette Nidl, was an Austrian journalist. He is often associated with the Schlager scene.
1930
1. Paul Reichmann, Austrian-Canadian businessman, founded Olympia and York (d. 2013) births
  1. Paul Reichmann
    
    Paul Reichmann was a Canadian businessman and member of the Reichmann family. He is best known for his leadership of the Olympia & York real estate development company.
  2. Olympia and York
    
    Olympia & York was a major international property development firm based in Toronto, Canada. The firm built major financial office complexes including Canary Wharf in London, the World Financial Center in New York City, and First Canadian Place in Toronto. It went bankrupt in the early 1990s and was recreated to eventually become Olympia & York Properties.
1929
1. Calvin Jones, American pianist, composer, and educator (d. 2004) births
  1. Calvin Jones (musician)
    
    Calvin James Jones, Sr. was an American jazz and blues trombonist, bassist, pianist, composer, and educator. Born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in Memphis, Tennessee, Jones moved to Washington, D.C. in the 1970s, and remained there until his death from a heart attack in October 2004.
2. Bruno Junk, Estonian race walker (d. 1995) births
  1. Bruno Junk
    
    Bruno Junk was an Estonian race walker. He competed for the Soviet Union at the 1952 and 1956 Olympics and won bronze medals on both occasions. He set a world record in the 15 km in 1951 (1:08:08.0), and had world's best times in the 20 km in 1956 (1:30:00.8) and in the 3 km in 1952 (11:51.4). Domestically he won four Soviet titles: in 1951 and 1956 in the 20 km, and in 1952 and 1953 in the 10 km, and eight Estonian titles: in 1949–50 and 1956–59 in the 20 km, in 1958 in the 10 km, and in 1959 in the 30 km.
3. Barbara Murray, English actress (d. 2014) births
  1. Barbara Murray
    
    Barbara Ann Murray was an English actress.
1928
1. Margaret Rule, English archaeologist and historian (d. 2015) births
  1. Margaret Rule
    
    Dr Margaret Helen Rule, was a British archaeologist. She is most notable for her involvement with the project that excavated and raised the Tudor warship Mary Rose in 1982.
1927
1. Chrysostomos I of Cyprus (d. 2007) births
  1. Chrysostomos I of Cyprus
    
    Chrysostomos I, born Christoforos Aristodimou, was the Archbishop of Cyprus from 1977 to 2006.
2. Red Rodney, American trumpet player (d. 1994) births
  1. Red Rodney
    
    Robert Roland Chudnick, known professionally as Red Rodney, was an American jazz trumpeter.
3. Romano Scarpa, Italian author and illustrator (d. 2005) births
  1. Romano Scarpa
    
    Romano Scarpa was one of the most famous Italian creators of Disney comics.
4. Sada Thompson, American actress (d. 2011) births
  1. Sada Thompson
    
    Sada Carolyn Thompson was an American stage, film, and television actress. She was known to television audiences as Kate Lawrence in Family (1976-1980).
1926
1. Steve Stavro, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (d. 2006) births
  1. Steve Stavro
    
    Steve Atanas Stavro, was a Macedonian-Canadian businessman, grocery store magnate, Thoroughbred racehorse owner/breeder, sports team owner, and a noted philanthropist.
1925
1. Robert Edwards, English physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013) births
  1. Robert Edwards (physiologist)
    
    Sir Robert Geoffrey Edwards was a British physiologist and pioneer in reproductive medicine, and in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in particular. Along with obstetrician and gynaecologist Patrick Steptoe and nurse Jean Purdy, Edwards successfully pioneered conception through IVF, which led to the birth of Louise Brown on 25 July 1978. They founded the first IVF programme for infertile patients and trained other scientists in their techniques. Edwards was the founding editor-in-chief of Human Reproduction in 1986. In 2010, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of in vitro fertilization".
  2. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
2. George Gladir, American author (d. 2013) births
  1. George Gladir
    
    George Gladir was an American writer for comic books. Primarily known as a scripter for Archie Comics, he co-created that publisher's character Sabrina Spellman, with artist Dan DeCarlo.
1924
1. Ernest Becker, American-Canadian anthropologist, author, and academic (d. 1974) births
  1. Ernest Becker
    
    Ernest Becker was an American cultural anthropologist and author of the 1974 Pulitzer Prize-winning book, The Denial of Death.
2. Bud Powell, American pianist and composer (d. 1966) births
  1. Bud Powell
    
    Earl Rudolph "Bud" Powell was an American jazz pianist and composer. Along with Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Kenny Clarke and Dizzy Gillespie, Powell was a leading figure in the development of modern jazz. His virtuosity led many to call him the Charlie Parker of the piano. Powell was also a composer, and many jazz critics credit his works and his playing as having "greatly extended the range of jazz harmony".
3. Fred Singer, Austrian-American physicist and academic (d. 2020) births
  1. Fred Singer
    
    Siegfried Fred Singer was an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia, trained as an atmospheric physicist. He was known for rejecting the scientific consensus on several issues, including climate change, the connection between UV-B exposure and melanoma rates, stratospheric ozone loss being caused by chlorofluoro compounds, often used as refrigerants, and the health risks of passive smoking.
4. Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (d. 2012) births
  1. Josef Škvorecký
    
    Josef Škvorecký was a Czech-Canadian writer and publisher. He spent half of his life in Canada, publishing and supporting banned Czech literature during the communist era. Škvorecký was awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1980. He and his wife were long-time supporters of Czech dissident writers before the fall of communism in that country. Škvorecký's fiction deals with several themes: the horrors of totalitarianism and repression, the expatriate experience, and the miracle of jazz.
1922
1. Sammy Benskin, American pianist and bandleader (d. 1992) births
  1. Sammy Benskin
    
    Samuel Benskin was an American pianist and bandleader.
2. Arthur Penn, American director and producer (d. 2010) births
  1. Arthur Penn
    
    Arthur Hiller Penn was an American director and producer of film, television and theater. Closely associated with the American New Wave, Penn directed critically acclaimed films throughout the 1960s such as the drama The Chase (1966), the biographical crime film Bonnie and Clyde (1967) and the comedy Alice's Restaurant (1969). He also received attention for his acclaimed revisionist Western Little Big Man (1970). Night Moves (1975) and The Missouri Breaks (1976) which were commercial flops, though the first generated positive reviews.
1921
1. Miklós Jancsó, Hungarian director and screenwriter (d. 2014) births
  1. Miklós Jancsó
    
    Miklós Jancsó was a Hungarian film director and screenwriter.
2. Milton Subotsky, American screenwriter and producer, co-founded Amicus Productions (d. 1991) births
  1. Milton Subotsky
    
    Milton Subotsky was an American film and television writer and producer. In 1964, he founded Amicus Productions with Max J. Rosenberg. Amicus means "friendship" in Latin. The partnership produced low-budget science fiction and horror films in the United Kingdom.
  2. Amicus Productions
    
    Amicus Productions was a British film production company, based at Shepperton Studios, England, active between 1962 and 1977. It was founded by American producers and screenwriters Milton Subotsky and Max Rosenberg.
3. Bernard Waber, American author and illustrator (d. 2013) births
  1. Bernard Waber
    
    Bernard Waber was an American children's author most famous for the books The House on East 88th Street (1962), Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile (1965) and the subsequent books in the Lyle series.
4. Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer and educator (b. 1854) deaths
  1. Engelbert Humperdinck (composer)
    
    Engelbert Humperdinck was a German composer. He is known widely for his opera Hansel and Gretel (1893).
1919
1. Jayne Meadows, American actress and author (d. 2015) births
  1. Jayne Meadows
    
    Jayne Meadows, also known as Jayne Meadows Allen, was an American stage, film and television actress, as well as an author and lecturer. She was nominated for three Emmy Awards during her career and was the elder sister of actress and memoirist Audrey Meadows as well as the wife of original Tonight Show host Steve Allen.
2. Charles H. Percy, American lieutenant and politician (d. 2011) births
  1. Charles H. Percy
    
    Charles Harting Percy was an American businessman and politician. He was president of the Bell & Howell Corporation from 1949 to 1964, and served as a Republican U.S. senator from Illinois from 1967 until 1985, following a defeat to Paul Simon. He was mentioned as a Republican presidential hopeful from 1968 through 1988. During his Senate career, Percy concentrated on business and foreign relations.
3. James H. Wilkinson, American mathematician and computer scientist (d. 1986) births
  1. James H. Wilkinson
    
    James Hardy Wilkinson FRS was a prominent figure in the field of numerical analysis, a field at the boundary of applied mathematics and computer science particularly useful to physics and engineering.
4. Adelina Patti, Italian-French opera singer (b. 1843) deaths
  1. Adelina Patti
    
    Adelina Patti was an Italian 19th-century opera singer, earning huge fees at the height of her career in the music capitals of Europe and America. She first sang in public as a child in 1851, and gave her last performance before an audience in 1914. Along with her near contemporaries Jenny Lind and Thérèse Tietjens, Patti remains one of the most famous sopranos in history, owing to the purity and beauty of her lyrical voice and the unmatched quality of her bel canto technique.
  2. Opera
    
    Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" is typically a collaboration between a composer and a librettist and incorporates a number of the performing arts, such as acting, scenery, costume, and sometimes dance or ballet. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor. Although musical theatre is closely related to opera, the two are considered to be distinct from one another.
1918
1. Martin Ryle, English astronomer and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984) births
  1. Martin Ryle
    
    Sir Martin Ryle was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources. In 1946 Ryle and Derek Vonberg were the first people to publish interferometric astronomical measurements at radio wavelengths. With improved equipment, Ryle observed the most distant known galaxies in the universe at that time. He was the first Professor of Radio Astronomy in the University of Cambridge and founding director of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. He was the twelfth Astronomer Royal from 1972 to 1982. Ryle and Antony Hewish shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974, the first Nobel prize awarded in recognition of astronomical research. In the 1970s, Ryle turned the greater part of his attention from astronomy to social and political issues which he considered to be more urgent.
  2. Nobel Prize in Physics
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physics is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions for humankind in the field of physics. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and awarded since 1901, the others being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Peace Prize, and Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Physics is traditionally the first award presented in the Nobel Prize ceremony.
2. Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd (d. 2001) births
  1. Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd
    
    Malcolm Newton Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd, Baron Shepherd of Spalding, was a British Labour politician and peer who served as Leader of the House of Lords under Harold Wilson and James Callaghan and member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.
3. Konstantin Gerchik, Soviet military leader (d. 2001) births
  1. Konstantin Gerchik
    
    Konstantin Vasilyevich Gerchik was a Soviet military leader, Colonel-General of the Soviet Army, Professor of the Academy of Military Sciences of Russia, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, and the second head of the Baikonur Cosmodrome (1958–1961).
1917
1. Louis Auchincloss, American novelist and essayist (d. 2010) births
  1. Louis Auchincloss
    
    Louis Stanton Auchincloss was an American lawyer, novelist, historian, and essayist. He is best known as a novelist who parlayed his experiences into books exploring the experiences and psychology of American polite society and old money. His dry, ironic works of fiction continue the tradition of Henry James and Edith Wharton. He wrote his novels initially under the name Andrew Lee, the name of an ancestor who cursed any descendant who drank or smoked.
2. Carl Ballantine, American magician and actor (d. 2009) births
  1. Carl Ballantine
    
    Carl Ballantine was an American magician, comedian and actor. Billing himself as "The Great Ballantine", "The Amazing Ballantine" or "Ballantine: The World's Greatest Magician", his vaudeville-style comedy routine involved transparent or incompetent stage magic tricks, which tended to flop and go "hilariously awry" to the wisecracking Ballantine's mock chagrin. He has been credited with creating comedy magic and has influenced comedians and magicians alike.
3. William T. Orr, American actor and producer (d. 2002) births
  1. William T. Orr
    
    William T. Orr was an American actor and television producer associated with various Western and detective programs of the 1950s-1970s. In most of his Warner Bros. series, he was billed as "Wm. T. Orr." Orr began his career as an actor; his film credits included The Mortal Storm, The Gay Sisters, and The Big Street.
4. Benjamin Rubin, American microbiologist (d. 2010) births
  1. Benjamin Rubin
    
    Benjamin Rubin was an American microbiologist, known as the inventor of the bifurcated vaccination needle, which played an important role in the eradication of smallpox. Rubin invented this device by taking the eyelet of a sewing machine needle and grinding it down.
5. Edgar Degas, French painter and sculptor (b. 1834) deaths
  1. Edgar Degas
    
    Edgar Degas was a French Impressionist artist famous for his pastel drawings and oil paintings.
1916
1. S. Yizhar, Israeli academic and politician (d. 2006) births
  1. S. Yizhar
    
    Yizhar Smilansky, known by his pen name S. Yizhar, was an Israeli writer and politician. Widely regarded as one of the preeminent figures in Israeli literature, he was awarded the Israel Prize in 1959 for fine literature. He was also awarded several other prizes of national distinction. In his political life, Yizhar served in the Knesset under Mapai almost continuously from 1949-1967.
1915
1. Remy de Gourmont, French novelist, poet, and critic (b. 1858) deaths
  1. Remy de Gourmont
    
    Remy de Gourmont was a French symbolist poet, novelist, and influential critic. He was widely read in his era, and an important influence on Blaise Cendrars and Georges Bataille. The spelling Rémy de Gourmont is incorrect, albeit common.
1913
1. Albert Ellis, American psychologist and author (d. 2007) births
  1. Albert Ellis
    
    Albert Ellis was an American psychologist and psychotherapist who founded rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). He held MA and PhD degrees in clinical psychology from Columbia University, and was certified by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP). He also founded, and was the President of, the New York City-based Albert Ellis Institute. He is generally considered to be one of the originators of the cognitive revolutionary paradigm shift in psychotherapy and an early proponent and developer of cognitive-behavioral therapies.
1911
1. Marcey Jacobson, American-Mexican photographer (d. 2009) births
  1. Marcey Jacobson
    
    Marcella "Marcey" Jacobson was an American photographer who moved to Chiapas, Mexico in the 1950s, and was best known for her photographs of the indigenous peoples of Southern Mexico.
2. Auguste Michel-Lévy, French geologist and academic (b. 1844) deaths
  1. Auguste Michel-Lévy
    
    Auguste Michel-Lévy was a French geologist. He was born in Paris.
1907
1. Bernard Miles, English actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1991) births
  1. Bernard Miles
    
    Bernard James Miles, Baron Miles, CBE was an English character actor, writer and director. He opened the Mermaid Theatre in London in 1959, the first new theatre that opened in the City of London since the 17th century.
2. Bhagat Singh, Indian socialist revolutionary (disputed with 28 September) (d. 1931) births
  1. Bhagat Singh
    
    Bhagat Singh was a charismatic Indian revolutionary who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in what was to be retaliation for the death of an Indian nationalist. He later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in jail, which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the Punjab region, and after his execution at age 23 into a martyr and folk hero in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from Bolshevism and anarchism, he electrified a growing militancy in India in the 1930s, and prompted urgent introspection within the Indian National Congress's nonviolent but eventually successful campaign for India's independence.
  2. Revolutionary
    
    A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates a revolution. The term revolutionary can also be used as an adjective, to refer to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor.
1906
1. William Empson, English poet and critic (d. 1984) births
  1. William Empson
    
    Sir William Empson was an English literary critic and poet, widely influential for his practice of closely reading literary works, a practice fundamental to New Criticism. His best-known work is his first, Seven Types of Ambiguity, published in 1930.
2. Jim Thompson, American author and screenwriter (d. 1977) births
  1. Jim Thompson (writer)
    
    James Myers Thompson was an American prose writer and screenwriter, known for his hardboiled crime fiction.
3. Sergei Varshavsky, Russian art collector and author (d. 1980) births
  1. Sergei Varshavsky
    
    Sergei Petrovich Varshavsky (Russian: Сергéй Пeтрóвич Варшáвский, was a Russian writer and art collector.
1905
1. Conrad Heidkamp, German footballer and manager (d. 1994) births
  1. Conrad Heidkamp
    
    Conrad "Conny" Heidkamp was a German footballer who played as a defender for Düsseldorfer SC 99 and Bayern Munich
1904
1. Edvard Kocbek, Slovenian poet and politician (d. 1981) births
  1. Edvard Kocbek
    
    Edvard Kocbek was a Slovenian poet, writer, essayist, translator, member of Christian Socialists in the Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation and Slovene Partisans. He is considered one of the best authors who have written in Slovene, and one of the best Slovene poets after Prešeren. His political role during and after World War II made him one of the most controversial figures in Slovenia in the 20th century.
1898
1. Vincent Youmans, American composer and producer (d. 1946) births
  1. Vincent Youmans
    
    Vincent Millie Youmans was an American Broadway composer and producer.
2. Thomas Joseph Byrnes, Australian politician, 12th Premier of Queensland (b. 1860) deaths
  1. Thomas Joseph Byrnes
    
    Thomas Joseph Byrnes was Premier of Queensland from April 1898 until his death in September of the same year, having previously served in several ministerial positions in his parliamentary career. He was the first Roman Catholic Premier of Queensland and the first to die in office.
  2. Premier of Queensland
    
    The premier of Queensland is the head of government in the Australian state of Queensland.
1896
1. Gilbert Ashton, English cricketer (d. 1981) births
  1. Gilbert Ashton
    
    Gilbert Ashton MC was an English cricketer who played 62 first-class matches between the wars, mostly for Cambridge University and Worcestershire. His obituary in Wisden called him "a fine, aggressive stroke-player" and praised his fielding ability at cover point. His bowling was of the occasional variety, and after he left Cambridge became essentially non-existent.
2. Sam Ervin, American soldier and politician (d. 1985) births
  1. Sam Ervin
    
    Samuel James Ervin Jr. was an American politician. A Democrat, he served as a U.S. Senator from North Carolina from 1954 to 1974. A native of Morganton, he liked to call himself a "country lawyer", and often told humorous stories in his Southern drawl. During his Senate career, Ervin was a staunch defender of the Jim Crow laws and racial segregation, as the South's constitutional expert during the congressional debates on civil rights. Unexpectedly, he became a liberal hero for his support of civil liberties. He is remembered for his work in the investigation committees that brought down Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1954 and especially for his investigation of the Watergate scandal in 1972 that led to the resignation of Richard Nixon.
1894
1. Lothar von Richthofen, German lieutenant and pilot (d. 1922) births
  1. Lothar von Richthofen
    
    Lothar Siegfried Freiherr von Richthofen was a German First World War fighter ace credited with 40 victories. He was a younger brother of top-scoring ace Manfred von Richthofen and a distant cousin of Luftwaffe Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen.
1892
1. George Bambridge, English diplomat (d. 1943) births
  1. George Bambridge
    
    George Louis St Clair Bambridge was a British diplomat. His wife, Elsie, was the daughter of the author Rudyard Kipling.
1891
1. Ivan Goncharov, Russian author and critic (b. 1812) deaths
  1. Ivan Goncharov
    
    Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov was a Russian novelist best known for his novels The Same Old Story (1847), Oblomov (1859), and The Precipice. He also served in many official capacities, including the position of censor.
1886
1. Charles Gordon Greene, American journalist and politician (b. 1804) deaths
  1. Charles Gordon Greene
    
    Charles Gordon Greene was an American journalist.
1885
1. Harry Blackstone, Sr., American magician (d. 1965) births
  1. Harry Blackstone Sr.
    
    Harry Bouton Blackstone was a famed stage magician and illusionist of the 20th century. Blackstone was born Harry Bouton in Chicago, Illinois. He began his career as a magician in his teens and was popular through World War II as a USO entertainer. He was often billed as The Great Blackstone. His son Harry Blackstone Jr. also became a famous magician. Blackstone Sr. was aided by his younger brother, Pete Bouton, who was the stage manager in all his shows. Blackstone Sr. was married three times. Blackstone Jr. was his son by his second wife.
2. Charles Benjamin Howard, Canadian businessman and politician (d. 1964) births
  1. Charles Benjamin Howard
    
    Charles Benjamin Howard was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Smith's Mills, Quebec in Stanstead County and became a businessman, industrialist and lumber merchant.
1882
1. Dorothy Greenhough-Smith, English figure skater and tennis player (d. 1965) births
  1. Dorothy Greenhough-Smith
    
    Dorothy Greenhough-Smith was a British figure skater.
1879
1. Hans Hahn, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (d. 1934) births
  1. Hans Hahn (mathematician)
    
    Hans Hahn was an Austrian mathematician and philosopher who made contributions to functional analysis, topology, set theory, the calculus of variations, real analysis, and order theory. In philosophy he was among the main logical positivists of the Vienna Circle.
2. Frederick Schule, American hurdler and coach (d. 1962) births
  1. Frederick Schule
    
    Frederick William Schule was an American track and field athlete, football player, athletic coach, teacher, bacteriologist, and engineer. He competed for the track and field teams at the University of Wisconsin from 1900 to 1901 and at the University of Michigan in 1904. He was also a member of the undefeated 1903 Michigan Wolverines football team that outscored its opponents 565 to 6.
3. Cyril Scott, English poet and composer (d. 1970) births
  1. Cyril Scott
    
    Cyril Meir Scott was an English composer, writer, poet, and occultist. He created around four hundred musical compositions including piano, violin, cello concertos, symphonies, and operas. He also wrote around 20 pamphlets and books on occult topics and natural health.
1876
1. Braxton Bragg, American general (b. 1817) deaths
  1. Braxton Bragg
    
    Braxton Bragg was an American army officer during the Second Seminole War and Mexican–American War and Confederate general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, serving in the Western Theater. His most important role was as commander of the Army of Mississippi, later renamed the Army of Tennessee, from June 1862 until December 1863.
1873
1. Vithalbhai Patel, Indian legislator and political leader (d. 1933) births
  1. Vithalbhai Patel
    
    Vithalbhai Patel was an Indian legislator and political leader, co-founder of the Swaraj Party and elder brother of Sardar Patel.
1871
1. Grazia Deledda, Italian novelist and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936) births
  1. Grazia Deledda
    
    Grazia Maria Cosima Damiana Deledda, also known in Sardinian language as Gràssia or Gràtzia Deledda, was an Italian writer who received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1926 "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island [i.e. Sardinia] and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general". She was the first Italian woman to receive the prize, and only the second woman in general after Selma Lagerlöf was awarded hers in 1909.
  2. Nobel Prize in Literature
    
    The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.
1866
1. Eurosia Fabris, Italian saint (d. 1932) births
  1. Eurosia Fabris
    
    Eurosia Fabris, also known as "Mamma Rosa", was a Roman Catholic laywoman who has been beatfied in 2005. She is regarded as a model of holiness in the daily life of a Catholic family. Besides her nine own children she had two adopted ones.
1864
1. Andrej Hlinka, Slovak priest and politician (d. 1938) births
  1. Andrej Hlinka
    
    Andrej Hlinka was a Slovak Catholic priest, journalist, banker, politician, and one of the most important Slovakian public activists in Czechoslovakia before the Second World War. He was the leader of the Hlinka's Slovak People's Party, papal chamberlain, inducted papal protonotary, member of the National Assembly of Czechoslovakia, and chairman of the St. Vojtech Fellowship.
1861
1. Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, American poet and author (d. 1933) births
  1. Corinne Roosevelt Robinson
    
    Corinne Roosevelt Robinson was an American poet, writer and lecturer. She was also the younger sister of former President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt and an aunt of future First Lady of the United States, Eleanor Roosevelt.
1843
1. Gaston Tarry, French mathematician and academic (d. 1913) births
  1. Gaston Tarry
    
    Gaston Tarry was a French mathematician. Born in Villefranche de Rouergue, Aveyron, he studied mathematics at high school before joining the civil service in Algeria. He pursued mathematics as an amateur.
1842
1. Alphonse François Renard, Belgian geologist and petrographer (d. 1903) births
  1. Alphonse François Renard
    
    Alphonse Francois Renard, Belgian geologist and petrographer, was born at Ronse, in East Flanders, on 27 September 1842. He was educated for the church of Rome, and from 1866 to 1869 he was superintendent at the college de la Paix, Namur.
1840
1. Alfred Thayer Mahan, American captain and historian (d. 1914) births
  1. Alfred Thayer Mahan
    
    Alfred Thayer Mahan was a United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century." His book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783 (1890) won immediate recognition, especially in Europe, and with its successor, The Influence of Sea Power Upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793–1812 (1892), made him world-famous and perhaps the most influential American author of the nineteenth century.
2. Thomas Nast, German-American cartoonist (d. 1902) births
  1. Thomas Nast
    
    Thomas Nast was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the "Father of the American Cartoon".
1838
1. Lawrence Sullivan Ross, American general and politician, 19th Governor of Texas (d. 1898) births
  1. Lawrence Sullivan Ross
    
    Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross was the 19th governor of Texas, a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War, and the seventh president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now called Texas A&M University.
  2. Governor of Texas
    
    The governor of Texas heads the state government of Texas. The governor is the leader of the executive and legislative branch of the state government and is the commander in chief of the Texas Military. The current governor is Greg Abbott, who took office in 2015.
2. Bernard Courtois, French chemist and pharmacist (b. 1777) deaths
  1. Bernard Courtois
    
    Bernard Courtois, also spelled Barnard Courtois, was a French chemist credited with first isolating iodine.
1833
1. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Indian humanitarian and reformer (b. 1772) deaths
  1. Ram Mohan Roy
    
    Raja Ram Mohan Roy was an Indian reformer who was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a social-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent. He was given the title of Raja by Akbar II, the Mughal emperor. His influence was apparent in the fields of politics, public administration, education and religion. He was known for his efforts to abolish the practices of sati and child marriage. Roy is considered to be the "Father of the Bengal Renaissance" by many historians.
1832
1. Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, German philosopher and author (b. 1781) deaths
  1. Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
    
    Karl Christian Friedrich Krause was a German philosopher whose doctrines became known as Krausism. Krausism, when considered in its totality as a complete, stand-alone philosophical system, had only a small following in Germany, France, and Belgium, in contradistinction to certain other philosophical systems that had a much larger following in Europe at that time. However, Krausism became very popular and influential in Restoration Spain not as a complete, comprehensive philosophical system per se, but as a broad cultural movement. In Spain, Krausism was known as "Krausismo", and Krausists were known as "Krausistas". Outside of Spain, the Spanish Krausist cultural movement was referred to as Spanish Krausism.
1830
1. William Babcock Hazen, American general (d. 1887) births
  1. William Babcock Hazen
    
    William Babcock Hazen was a career United States Army officer who served in the Indian Wars, as a Union general in the American Civil War, and as Chief Signal Officer of the U.S. Army. His most famous service was defending "Hell's Half Acre" at the Battle of Stones River in 1862, and seizing Fort McAllister, Georgia, in December 1864, which allowed William Sherman to capture Savannah at the end of his March to the Sea.
1824
1. William "Bull" Nelson, American general (d. 1862) births
  1. William "Bull" Nelson
    
    William "Bull" Nelson was a United States naval officer who became a Union general during the American Civil War.
1821
1. Henri-Frédéric Amiel, Swiss philosopher, poet, and critic (d. 1881) births
  1. Henri-Frédéric Amiel
    
    Henri Frédéric Amiel was a Swiss moral philosopher, poet, and critic.
1818
1. Hermann Kolbe, German chemist and academic (d. 1884) births
  1. Hermann Kolbe
    
    Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe was a major contributor to the birth of modern organic chemistry. He was a professor at Marburg and Leipzig. Kolbe was the first to apply the term synthesis in a chemical context, and contributed to the philosophical demise of vitalism through synthesis of the organic substance acetic acid from carbon disulfide, and also contributed to the development of structural theory. This was done via modifications to the idea of "radicals" and accurate prediction of the existence of secondary and tertiary alcohols, and to the emerging array of organic reactions through his Kolbe electrolysis of carboxylate salts, the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction in the preparation of aspirin and the Kolbe nitrile synthesis. After studies with Wöhler and Bunsen, Kolbe was involved with the early internationalization of chemistry through work in London. He was elected to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and won the Royal Society of London's Davy Medal in the year of his death. Despite these accomplishments and his training important members of the next generation of chemists, Kolbe is best remembered for editing the Journal für Praktische Chemie for more than a decade, in which his vituperative essays on Kekulé's structure of benzene, van't Hoff's theory on the origin of chirality and Baeyer's reforms of nomenclature were personally critical and linguistically violent. Kolbe died of a heart attack in Leipzig at age 66, six years after the death of his wife, Charlotte. He was survived by four children.
1805
1. George Müller, German-English evangelist and missionary, founded the Ashley Down Orphanage (d. 1898) births
  1. George Müller
    
    George Müller was a Christian evangelist and the director of the Ashley Down orphanage in Bristol, England. He was one of the founders of the Plymouth Brethren movement. Later during the split, his group was called the Open Brethren.
  2. New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down
    
    The New Orphan Houses, Ashley Down, commonly known as the Muller Homes, were an orphanage in the district of Ashley Down, in the north of Bristol. They were built between 1849 and 1870 by the Prussian evangelist George Müller to show the world that God not only heard, but answered, prayer. The five Houses held 2,050 children at any one time and some 17,000 passed through their doors before the buildings were sold to Bristol City Council in 1958.
1803
1. Samuel Francis Du Pont, American admiral (d. 1865) births
  1. Samuel Francis Du Pont
    
    Samuel Francis Du Pont was a rear admiral in the United States Navy, and a member of the prominent Du Pont family. In the Mexican–American War, Du Pont captured San Diego, and was made commander of the California naval blockade. Through the 1850s, he promoted engineering studies at the United States Naval Academy, to enable more mobile and aggressive operations. In the American Civil War, he played a major role in making the Union blockade effective, but was controversially blamed for the failed attack on Charleston, South Carolina in April 1863.
1783
1. Agustín de Iturbide, Mexican royalist turned insurgent; first emperor of Mexico (d. 1824) births
  1. Agustín de Iturbide
    
    Agustín de Iturbide, full name Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu and also known as Agustín of Mexico, was a Mexican army general and politician. During the Mexican War of Independence, he built a successful political and military coalition that took control in Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively gaining independence for Mexico. After securing the secession of Mexico from Spain, Iturbide was proclaimed president of the Regency in 1821; a year later, he was proclaimed Emperor of Mexico, reigning briefly from 19 May 1822 to 19 March 1823. In May 1823 he went into exile in Europe. When he returned to Mexico in July 1824, he was arrested and executed. He designed the Mexican flag.
2. Étienne Bézout, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1730) deaths
  1. Étienne Bézout
    
    Étienne Bézout was a French mathematician who was born in Nemours, Seine-et-Marne, France, and died in Avon, France.
1772
1. Martha Jefferson Randolph, daughter of Thomas Jefferson who had twelve children (d. 1836) births
  1. Martha Jefferson Randolph
    
    Martha "Patsy" Randolph was the eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, and his wife, Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson. She was born at Monticello, near Charlottesville, Virginia.
  2. Thomas Jefferson
    
    Thomas Jefferson was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was previously the nation's second vice president under John Adams and the first United States secretary of state under George Washington. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, motivating American colonists to break from the Kingdom of Great Britain and form a new nation. He produced formative documents and decisions at state, national, and international levels.
1765
1. Antoine Philippe de La Trémoille, French general (d. 1794) births
  1. Antoine Philippe de La Trémoille
    
    Antoine Philippe de La Trémoïlle, Prince of Talmont was a French noble and royalist notable for his military involvement against the French Revolution.
1742
1. Hugh Boulter, Irish archbishop (b. 1672) deaths
  1. Hugh Boulter
    
    Hugh Boulter was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh, the Primate of All Ireland, from 1724 until his death. He also served as the chaplain to George I from 1719.
1739
1. Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock, Irish politician (d. 1767) births
  1. Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock
    
    Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavistock was a British politician and the eldest son of the 4th Duke of Bedford and his second wife Lady Gertrude Leveson-Gower.
1735
1. Peter Artedi, Swedish ichthyologist and zoologist (b. 1705) deaths
  1. Peter Artedi
    
    Peter Artedi or Petrus Arctaedius was a Swedish naturalist who is known as the "father of ichthyology".
1730
1. Laurence Eusden, English poet and author (b. 1688) deaths
  1. Laurence Eusden
    
    Laurence Eusden was an English poet who became Britain's youngest Poet Laureate in 1718.
1729
1. Michael Denis, Austrian lepidopterist, author, and poet (d. 1800) births
  1. Michael Denis
    
    Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: Sined the Bard, was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.
1722
1. Samuel Adams, American philosopher and politician, fourth Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1803) births
  1. Samuel Adams
    
    Samuel Adams was an American statesman, political philosopher, and a Founding Father of the United States. He was a politician in colonial Massachusetts, a leader of the movement that became the American Revolution, and one of the architects of the principles of American republicanism that shaped the political culture of the United States. He was a second cousin to his fellow Founding Father, President John Adams.
  2. Governor of Massachusetts
    
    The governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the chief executive officer of the government of Massachusetts. The governor is the head of the state cabinet and the commander-in-chief of the commonwealth's military forces.
1719
1. Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician and epigrammatist (d. 1800) births
  1. Abraham Gotthelf Kästner
    
    Abraham Gotthelf Kästner was a German mathematician and epigrammatist.
2. George Smalridge, English bishop (b. 1662) deaths
  1. George Smalridge
    
    George Smalridge was Bishop of Bristol (1714–1719).
1700
1. Pope Innocent XII (b. 1615) deaths
  1. Pope Innocent XII
    
    Pope Innocent XII, born Antonio Pignatelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 July 1691 to his death in September 1700.
1696
1. Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, Italian bishop and saint (d. 1787) births
  1. Alphonsus Liguori
    
    Alphonsus Liguori, CSsR, sometimes called Alphonsus Maria de Liguori or Saint Alphonsus Liguori, was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. He founded the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer, known as the Redemptorists, in November 1732.
1677
1. Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1754) births
  1. Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari
    
    Giovanni Carlo Maria Clari was an Italian musical composer and maestro di cappella (chapel-master) at Pistoia. He was born at Pisa. He gained his initial grounding in musical education from his father, a violinist originally from Rome who was employed in the service of the church of the Cavalieri di S. Stefano in Pisa.
1674
1. Robert Arnauld d'Andilly, French writer (b. 1589) deaths
  1. Robert Arnauld d'Andilly
    
    Robert Arnauld d’Andilly was a French conseiller d’État, specialising in financial questions, in the court of Marie de' Medici. By the elegance of his language, he was among the major poets, writers and translators of 17th century French classicism. A fervent Catholic, he played an important role in the history of Jansenism and was one of the Solitaires of Port-Royal-des-Champs. He was also renowned for his part in the development of the pruning of fruit trees, to which he was devoted.
1660
1. Vincent de Paul, French priest and saint (b. 1581) deaths
  1. Vincent de Paul
    
    Vincent de Paul, CM, commonly known as Saint Vincent de Paul, was a Occitan French Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor.
1657
1. Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia (d. 1704) births
  1. Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia
    
    Sophia Alekseyevna was a Russian princess who ruled as regent of Russia from 1682 to 1689. She allied herself with a singularly capable courtier and politician, Prince Vasily Golitsyn, to install herself during the minority of her brother Ivan V and half-brother Peter I. She carried out her regency with a firm hand. The activity of this "bogatyr-tsarevna" was all the more extraordinary, as upper-class Muscovite women, confined to the upper-floor terem and veiled and guarded in public, invariably were kept aloof from any open involvement in politics.
2. Olimpia Maidalchini, Roman noble (b. 1591) deaths
  1. Olimpia Maidalchini
    
    Olimpia Maidalchini Pamphilj, , was the sister-in-law of Pope Innocent X (Pamphili). She was perceived by her contemporaries as having influence regarding papal appointments.
1651
1. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1573) deaths
  1. Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria
    
    Maximilian I, occasionally called the Great, a member of the House of Wittelsbach, ruled as Duke of Bavaria from 1597. His reign was marked by the Thirty Years' War during which he obtained the title of a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire at the 1623 Diet of Regensburg.
1643
1. Solomon Stoddard, American pastor and librarian (d. 1729) births
  1. Solomon Stoddard
    
    Solomon Stoddard was the pastor of the Congregationalist Church in Northampton, Massachusetts Bay Colony. He succeeded Rev. Eleazer Mather, and later married his widow around 1670. Stoddard significantly liberalized church policy while promoting more power for the clergy, decrying drinking and extravagance, and urging the preaching of hellfire and the Judgment. The major religious leader of what was then the frontier, he was known as the "Puritan Pope of the Connecticut River valley" and was concerned with the lives of second-generation Puritans. The well-known theologian Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758) was his grandson, the son of Solomon's daughter, Esther Stoddard Edwards. Stoddard was the first librarian at Harvard University and the first person in American history known by that title.
1637
1. Lorenzo Ruiz, Filipino saint (b. c.1600) deaths
  1. Lorenzo Ruiz
    
    Lorenzo Ruiz, also called Saint Lorenzo of Manila, is a Filipino saint venerated in the Catholic Church. A Chinese-Filipino, he became his country's protomartyr after his execution in Japan by the Tokugawa Shogunate during its persecution of Japanese Christians in the 17th century.
1627
1. Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (d. 1704) births
  1. Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
    
    Jacques-Bénigne Lignel Bossuet was a French bishop and theologian, renowned for his sermons and other addresses. He has been considered by many to be one of the most brilliant orators of all time and a masterly French stylist.
1623
1. John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1561) deaths
  1. John VII, Count of Nassau-Siegen
    
    Count John VII ‘the Middle’ of Nassau-Siegen, German: Johann VII. ‘der Mittlere’ Graf von Nassau-Siegen, official titles: Graf zu Nassau, Katzenelnbogen, Vianden und Diez, Herr zu Beilstein, was since 1606 Count of Nassau-Siegen, a part of the County of Nassau, and the progenitor of the House of Nassau-Siegen, a cadet branch of the Ottonian Line of the House of Nassau. He was one of the most important military theorists of his time, who introduced many innovations and inventions. His Kriegsbuch contained all the military knowledge of his time, but also many new ideas, which made an essential contribution to the reform of the Dutch States Army by his cousin Maurice. John served in the Dutch States Army, was colonel general of the Palatinate and commander-in-chief of the Swedish army. His reputation reached far beyond the borders of the Holy Roman Empire.
1612
1. Piotr Skarga, Polish Jesuit and polemicist (b. 1536) deaths
  1. Piotr Skarga
    
    Piotr Skarga was a Polish Jesuit, preacher, hagiographer, polemicist, and leading figure of the Counter-Reformation in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Due to his oratorical gifts, he has been called "the Polish Bossuet".
1601
1. Louis XIII of France (d. 1643) births
  1. Louis XIII
    
    Louis XIII was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
1598
1. Robert Blake, English admiral (d. 1657) births
  1. Robert Blake (admiral)
    
    General at Sea Robert Blake was an English naval officer who served as the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports from 1656 to 1657. Blake is recognised as the chief founder of England's naval supremacy, a dominance subsequently inherited by the British Royal Navy well into the early 20th century. Despite this, due to deliberate attempts to expunge the Parliamentarians from historical records following the Stuart Restoration, Blake's achievements tend to remain unrecognized. Blake's successes have been considered to have "never been excelled, not even by Nelson" according to one biographer.
1590
1. Pope Urban VII (b. 1521) deaths
  1. Pope Urban VII
    
    Pope Urban VII, born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was head of the Catholic Church, and ruler of the Papal States from 15 to 27 September 1590. His thirteen-day papacy was the shortest in history.
1557
1. Emperor Go-Nara of Japan (b. 1497) deaths
  1. Emperor Go-Nara
    
    Emperor Go-Nara was the 105th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from June 9, 1526 until his death in 1557, during the Sengoku period. His personal name was Tomohito (知仁).
1552
1. Flaminio Scala, Italian playwright and stage actor (d. 1624) births
  1. Flaminio Scala
    
    Flaminio Scala, commonly known by his stage name, Flavio, was an Italian stage actor of Commedia dell'Arte, scenario writer, playwright, director, producer, manager, agent, and editor. Considered one of the most important figures in Renaissance theatre, Scala is remembered today as the author of the first published collection of commedia scenarios, Il Teatro delle Favole Rappresentative, short comic plays that served as inspiration to playwrights such as Lope de Vega, William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, and Molière.
1544
1. Takenaka Shigeharu, Japanese samurai (d. 1579) births
  1. Takenaka Shigeharu
    
    Takenaka Shigeharu , who was also known as Hanbei (半兵衛), was a Japanese samurai during the Sengoku period of the 16th century. Hanbei was the castle lord in command of Bodaiyama Castle. He was a chief strategist and adviser of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. His father was a local samurai Takenaka Shigemoto. He initially served the Saitō clan of Mino Province, but later plotted an uprising and took over the Saitō clan's Gifu Castle.
1536
1. Felice della Rovere, illegitimate daughter of Pope Julius II (b. 1483) deaths
  1. Felice della Rovere
    
    Felice della Rovere, also known as Madonna Felice, was the illegitimate daughter of Pope Julius II. One of the most powerful women of the Italian Renaissance, she was born in Rome around 1483 to Lucrezia Normanni and Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere. Felice was well educated, became accepted into close courtly circles of aristocratic families, and formed friendships with scholars and poets through her education and genuine interest in humanism. Through the influence of her father, including an arranged marriage to Gian Giordano Orsini, she wielded extraordinary wealth and influence both within and beyond the Roman Curia. In particular, she negotiated a peace between Julius II and the Queen of France, and held the position of Orsini Signora for over a decade following the death of her husband in 1517. Felice further increased her power through a castle that she bought with money received from her father, the Castle at Palo, and through her involvement in the grain trade.
1533
1. Stefan Batory, King of Poland (d. 1586) births
  1. Stephen Báthory
    
    Stephen Báthory was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–1576), Prince of Transylvania (1576–1586), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576–1586).
1507
1. Guillaume Rondelet, French physician (d. 1566) births
  1. Guillaume Rondelet
    
    Guillaume Rondelet, also known as Rondeletus/Rondeletius, was Regius professor of medicine at the University of Montpellier in southern France and Chancellor of the University between 1556 and his death in 1566. He achieved renown as an anatomist and a naturalist with a particular interest in botany and ichthyology. His major work was a lengthy treatise on marine animals, which took two years to write and became a standard reference work for about a century afterwards, but his lasting impact lay in his education of a roster of star pupils who became leading figures in the world of late-16th century science.
1496
1. Hieronymus Łaski, Polish diplomat (d. 1542) births
  1. Hieronymus Łaski
    
    Hieronymus Jarosław Laski, Lasky, Laszki, Laszky, Laskó, Jeromos, Jerome, Hieronym, Hieronim, was a Polish diplomat born of an illustrious Polish family. Laski was the nephew of Archbishop John Laski and served as palatine of Inowrocław and of Sieradz.
1442
1. John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (d. 1491) births
  1. John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk
    
    John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, KG, was a major magnate in 15th-century England. He was the son of William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, and Alice Chaucer, the daughter of Thomas Chaucer. His youth was blighted, in 1450, by the political fall and subsequent murder of his father, who had been a favourite of the king, Henry VI, but was increasingly distrusted by the rest of the nobility. Although the first duke of Suffolk had made himself rich through trade and – particularly – royal grants, this source of income dried up on his death, so John de la Pole was among the poorest of English dukes on his accession to the title in 1463. This was a circumstance which John felt acutely; on more than one occasion, he refused to come to London due to his impoverishment being such that he could not afford the costs of maintaining a retinue.
1433
1. Stanisław Kazimierczyk, Polish canon regular and saint (d. 1489) births
  1. Stanisław Kazimierczyk
    
    Stanisław Kazimierczyk was a Polish Catholic priest and a professed member of the Canons Regular of the Lateran. He became noted for his ardent devotions to both the Eucharist and to his personal patron saint, Stanislaus of Szczepanów, as well as for his charitable dedication to the ill and poor of Kraków.
1404
1. William of Wykeham, English bishop (b. 1320) deaths
  1. William of Wykeham
    
    William of Wykeham was Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor of England. He founded New College, Oxford, and New College School in 1379, and founded Winchester College in 1382. He was also the clerk of works when much of Windsor Castle was built.
1389
1. Cosimo de' Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1464) births
  1. Cosimo de' Medici
    
    Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici was an Italian banker and politician who established the Medici family as effective rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance. His power derived from his wealth as a banker, and inter-marriage with other powerful and rich families. He was a patron of arts, learning and architecture. He spent over 600,000 gold florins on art and culture, including Donatello's David, the first freestanding nude male sculpture since antiquity. Despite his influence, his power was not absolute; Florence's legislative councils at times resisted his proposals throughout his life, and he was viewed as first among equals, rather than an autocrat.
1300
1. Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine (d. 1327) births
  1. Adolf, Count Palatine of the Rhine
    
    Adolf of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach was formally Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1319 to 1327.
1275
1. John II, Duke of Brabant (d. 1312) births
  1. John II, Duke of Brabant
    
    John II, also called John the Peaceful, was Duke of Brabant, Lothier and Limburg (1294–1312). He was the son of John I of Brabant and Margaret of Flanders.
1271
1. Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, King of Bohemia and Poland (d. 1305) births
  1. Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
    
    Wenceslaus II Přemyslid was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1300–1305).
1249
1. Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse (b. 1197) deaths
  1. Raymond VII, Count of Toulouse
    
    Raymond VII was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence from 1222 until his death.
1194
1. Renaud de Courtenay, Anglo-Norman nobleman (b. 1125) deaths
  1. Renaud de Courtenay
    
    Renaud de Courtenay, anglicised to Reginald I de Courtenay, of Sutton, Berkshire, was a French nobleman of the House of Courtenay who took up residence in England and founded the English Courtenay family, who became Earls of Devon in 1335. The title is still held today, by his direct male descendant.
1125
1. Richeza of Berg, Duchess of Bohemia (b.c. 1095) deaths
  1. Richeza of Berg
    
    Richeza of Berg was Duchess of Bohemia from 1111 to 1117 and again from 1120 until 1125, by her marriage with the Přemyslid duke Vladislav I.
  2. 1095
    
    Year 1095 (MXCV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.
1111
1. Vekenega, Croatian Benedictine abbess deaths
  1. Vekenega
    
    Vekenega was a Croatian Benedictine nun from the House of Madi, a noble family from Zadar. She was the daughter of Čika and the abbess of the Benedictine monastery of St. Maria in Zadar from 1072. She is also known for the richly illuminated evangelistary, which she commissioned in the scriptorium of the monastery of st.Krševan in 1096.
936
1. Gyeon Hwon, king of Hubaekje (b. 867) deaths
  1. Gyeon Hwon
    
    Gyeon Hwon was the king and founder of Later Baekje, one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea, and reigned from 892 to 935. Some records render his name as "Jin Hwon" (진훤). He was also the progenitor of the Hwanggan Gyeon clan. Substantial accounts of his life are preserved in the Samguk Sagi, which presents a single narrative, and the Samguk Yusa, which presents excerpts about him from various sources.
  2. Later Baekje
    
    Hubaekje or Later Baekje was one of the Later Three Kingdoms of Korea, along with Taebong and Silla. Later Baekje was a Korean dynastic kingdom founded by the disaffected Silla general Gyeon Hwon in 900, whom led the local gentry and populace that were in large Baekje descent holding onto their collective consciousness until the twilight days of Later Silla. With the former Silla general declaring the revival of the Baekje kingdom of old, the Baekje refugees from the old territories and a portion of the Rank Six Nobility from Silla seeking the opportunity of rising up the ranks gathered under his leadership. Led by the charismatic and capable Gyeon Hwon who was also a competent field commander, Later Baekje in its early days was advantageous in the power game against the newly found kingdom Goryeo and the declining Silla. However, despite its fertile territories in the Jeolla Province and capable military prowess, it eventually fell to Wang Geon's Goryeo army in 936 due to political strife and Gyeon Hwon's defection towards Goryeo. Its capital was at Jeonju, in present-day North Jeolla province.
830
1. Ermentrude of Orléans, Queen of the Franks (probable year; d. 869) births
  1. Ermentrude of Orléans
    
    Ermentrude of Orléans was the Queen of the Franks by her marriage to Charles II.
808
1. Ninmyō, Japanese emperor (d. 850) births
  1. AD 808
    
    Year 808 (DCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
  2. Emperor Ninmyō
    
    Emperor Ninmyō was the 54th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Ninmyō's reign lasted from 833 to 850, during the Heian period.
765
1. Pugu Huai'en, Chinese general during the Tang Dynasty deaths
  1. Pugu Huai'en
    
    Pugu Huai'en, formally the Prince of Da'ning (大寧王), was a general of the Chinese Tang dynasty of Tiele ancestry. He was instrumental in the final suppression of the Anshi Rebellion, but rebelled against Emperor Daizong in fear that he was being accused of treason. After an initial defeat by other Tang generals, he led his own forces, allied with forces of the Uyghur Khaganate and Tibetan Empire, to attack the Tang capital Chang'an, but died on the way.
  2. Tang dynasty
    
    The Tang dynasty, or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Historians generally regard the Tang as a high point in Chinese civilization, and a golden age of cosmopolitan culture. Tang territory, acquired through the military campaigns of its early rulers, rivaled that of the Han dynasty.

Holidays

Christian feast days: Adheritus
1. Adheritus
  
  Adheritus, born in Greece, became Bishop of Ravenna and successor of Saint Apollinaris. His remains are venerated in the Benedictine Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Classe near Ravenna, Italy.
Christian feast days: Caius of Milan
1. Caius (bishop of Milan)
  
  Caius was Bishop of Milan in early 3rd-century. He is honoured as a Saint in the Catholic Church and his feast day is on September 27.
Christian feast days: Vincent de Paul
1. Vincent de Paul
  
  Vincent de Paul, CM, commonly known as Saint Vincent de Paul, was a Occitan French Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor.
Christian feast days: Cosmas and Damian
1. Saints Cosmas and Damian
  
  Cosmas and Damian were two Arab physicians in the town Cyrrhus, and were reputedly twin brothers, and early Christian martyrs. They practised their profession in the seaport of Aegeae, then in the Roman province of Syria.
Christian feast days: September 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
1. September 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  
  September 26 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - September 28
Consumación de la Independencia (Mexico)
1. Public holidays in Mexico
  
  In Mexico there are three major kinds of public holidays:Statutory holiday: Holidays observed all around Mexico. Employees are entitled to a day off with regular pay and schools are closed for the day. Civic holiday: These holidays are observed nationwide, but employees are not entitled to a day off with pay and schools still continue. Festivities: These are traditional holidays to honor religious events, such as Carnival, Holy Week, Easter, etc. or public celebrations, such as Mother's Day, Father's Day, Valentine's Day, etc.
French Community Holiday (French community of Belgium)
1. French Community Holiday
  
  The Belgian French Community Holiday is a holiday on 27 September, held only in the French Community of Belgium. It is also variously translated as Day of the French Community, French Community Day, Feast Day of the French Community , Festival of the French Community or other variants.
Independence Day (Turkmenistan), celebrates the independence of Turkmenistan from USSR in 1991.
1. Independence Day (Turkmenistan)
  
  Independence Day of Turkmenistan is the main state holiday in Turkmenistan. This date is celebrated in Turkmenistan annually on September 27.
2. Turkmenistan
  
  Turkmenistan is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city. The population is about 6 million, the lowest of the Central Asian republics, and Turkmenistan is one of the most sparsely populated nations in Asia.
3. Soviet Union
  
  The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.
Meskel (Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Church, following Julian calendar, September 28 on leap years)
1. Meskel
  
  Meskel is a Christian holiday in the Ethiopian Orthodox and Eritrean Orthodox churches that commemorates the discovery of the True Cross by the Roman Empress Helena in the fourth century. Meskel occurs on the 17 Meskerem in the Ethiopian calendar. "Meskel" is Ge'ez for "cross".
2. Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
  
  The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is the largest of the Oriental Orthodox Churches. One of the few Christian churches in sub-Saharan Africa originating before European colonization of the continent, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church dates back to the acceptance of Christianity by the Kingdom of Aksum in 330, and has between 36 million and 49.8 million adherents in Ethiopia. It is a founding member of the World Council of Churches. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church is in communion with the other Oriental Orthodox churches.
3. Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
  
  The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church is one of the Oriental Orthodox Churches with its headquarters in Asmara, Eritrea. Its autocephaly was recognised by Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church, after Eritrea gained its independence from Ethiopia in 1993.
4. Julian calendar
  
  The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on 1 January 45 BC, by edict. It was designed with the aid of Greek mathematicians and astronomers such as Sosigenes of Alexandria.
National Gay Men's HIV/AIDS Awareness Day (United States)
1. HIV.gov
  
  HIV.gov, formerly known as AIDS.gov, is an internet portal for all United States federal domestic HIV and AIDS resources and information. On World AIDS Day, December 1, 2006, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services launched AIDS.gov. The site contains content and links that guide users to their desired information.
Polish Underground State's Day (Poland)
1. Public holidays in Poland
  
  Holidays in Poland are regulated by the Non-working Days Act of 18 January 1951. The Act, as amended in 2010, currently defines thirteen public holidays.
World Tourism Day (International)
1. World Tourism Day
  
  Since 1980, the United Nations World Tourism Organization has celebrated World Tourism Day as international observances on September 27. This date was chosen as on that day in 1970, the Statutes of the UNWTO were adopted. The adoption of these Statutes is considered a milestone in global tourism. The purpose of this day is to raise awareness on the role of tourism within the international community and to demonstrate how it affects social, cultural, political and economic values worldwide.
2. Lists of holidays
  
  Lists of holidays by various categorizations.

Important events in history on September 27 th

Events

Second Nagorno-Karabakh War

Azerbaijan

Republic of Artsakh

Armenians

September 2019 climate strikes

Mount Ontake

2014 Mount Ontake eruption

2014 Mount Ontake eruption

Minneapolis firm shooting

Zhai Zhigang

Dawn (spacecraft)

SMART-1

Zug massacre

Google

Taliban

Burhanuddin Rabbani

Kabul

Mohammad Najibullah

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)

Battle of Kabul (1992–1996)

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)

Julie N. oil spill

Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Sukhumi

Aung San Suu Kyi

National League for Democracy

National League for Democracy

Aung San Suu Kyi

Richard Stallman

Unix-like

GNU

Free software

GNU Project

Iran–Iraq War

Siege of Abadan

Operation Samen-ol-A'emeh

Japan Air Lines Flight 715

Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport

Subang, Selangor

Malaysia

ETA political-military

Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front

Last use of capital punishment in Spain

Capital punishment in Spain

Civil Guard (Spain)

Last use of capital punishment in Spain

BAC TSR-2

Cold War

BAC TSR-2

Yemen Arab Republic

Silent Spring

Typhoon Vera

Milburn G. Apt

Bell X-2

Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

Zeng Liansong

Flag of China

Zeng Liansong

Kassel Mission

Actions along the Matanikau

SS Patrick Henry

Liberty ship

Georgios Siantos

SS Patrick Henry

World War II

Nazi Germany

Kingdom of Italy

Empire of Japan

Tripartite Pact

Military alliance

Axis powers

Tripartite Pact

RMS Queen Elizabeth

Bobby Jones (golfer)

Grand Slam (golf)

Republic of China (1912–1949)

Constantine I of Greece

George II of Greece

Lij Iyasu

Important events in history
on September 27 ^th