Important events in history
on October 3 ^rd

Events

2022
1. Svante Pääbo is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
  1. Svante Pääbo
    
    Svante Pääbo is a Swedish geneticist who specialises in the field of evolutionary genetics. As one of the founders of paleogenetics, he has worked extensively on the Neanderthal genome. In 1997, he became founding director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. Since 1999, he has been an honorary professor at Leipzig University; he currently teaches molecular evolutionary biology at the university. He is also an adjunct professor at Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Japan.
  2. 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
    
    The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the Swedish geneticist Svante Pääbo "for his research in the field of genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution". It was announced by Thomas Perlmann, secretary of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, on 3 October 2022.
  3. Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
    
    The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded "to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace.
2021
1. Eight people are killed in an airplane crash near Milan, Italy.
  1. 2021 Milan airplane crash
    
    On 3 October 2021, a Romanian private plane crashed into a building in San Donato Milanese, Lombardy, Italy. All eight occupants of the aircraft were killed, including the Romanian businessman and billionaire Dan Petrescu, the owner and pilot of the plane.
  2. Milan
    
    Milan is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city has 3.26 million inhabitants. Its continuously built-up urban area is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants. According to national sources, the population within the wider Milan metropolitan area, is estimated between 8.2 million and 12.5 million making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and one of the largest in the EU.
2015
1. Forty-two people are killed and 33 go missing in the Kunduz hospital airstrike in Afghanistan.
  1. Kunduz hospital airstrike
    
    On 3 October 2015, a United States Air Force AC-130U gunship attacked the Kunduz Trauma Centre operated by Médecins Sans Frontières in the city of Kunduz, in the province of the same name in northern Afghanistan. 42 people were killed and over 30 were injured. Médecins Sans Frontières condemned the incident, calling it a deliberate breach of international humanitarian law and a war crime. It further stated that all warring parties had been notified about the hospital and its operations well in advance.
  2. Afghanistan
    
    Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east. Occupying 652,864 square kilometers (252,072 sq mi) of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains in the north and the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. As of 2021, its population is 40.2 million, composed mostly of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. Kabul is the country's largest city and serves as its capital.
2013
1. A boat carrying migrants from Libya to Italy sank off the Italian island of Lampedusa, resulting in more than 360 deaths.
  1. 2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck
    
    On 3 October 2013, a boat carrying migrants from Libya to Italy sank off the Italian island of Lampedusa. It was reported that the boat had sailed from Misrata, Libya, but that many of the migrants were originally from Eritrea, Somalia and Ghana. An emergency response involving the Italian Coast Guard resulted in the rescue of 155 survivors. On 12 October it was reported that the confirmed death toll after searching the boat was 359, but that further bodies were still missing; a figure of "more than 360" deaths was later reported.
  2. Lampedusa
    
    Lampedusa is the largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands in the Mediterranean Sea.
2. At least 360 migrants are killed when their boat sinks near the Italian island of Lampedusa.
  1. 2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck
    
    On 3 October 2013, a boat carrying migrants from Libya to Italy sank off the Italian island of Lampedusa. It was reported that the boat had sailed from Misrata, Libya, but that many of the migrants were originally from Eritrea, Somalia and Ghana. An emergency response involving the Italian Coast Guard resulted in the rescue of 155 survivors. On 12 October it was reported that the confirmed death toll after searching the boat was 359, but that further bodies were still missing; a figure of "more than 360" deaths was later reported.
  2. Lampedusa
    
    Lampedusa is the largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands in the Mediterranean Sea.
2009
1. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkey join in the Turkic Council.
  1. Azerbaijan
    
    Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city.
  2. Kazakhstan
    
    Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Astana, known as Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, was the country's capital until 1997. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, the largest and northernmost Muslim-majority country by land area, and the ninth-largest country in the world. It has a population of 19 million people, and one of the lowest population densities in the world, at fewer than 6 people per square kilometre.
  3. Kyrgyzstan
    
    Kyrgyzstan, or the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the south, and the People's Republic of China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek.
  4. Turkey
    
    Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It shares borders with the Black Sea to the north; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq to the southeast; Syria and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and Greece and Bulgaria to the northwest. Cyprus is located off the south coast. Turks form the vast majority of the nation's population and Kurds are the largest minority. Ankara is Turkey's capital, while Istanbul is its largest city and financial centre.
  5. Organization of Turkic States
    
    The Organization of Turkic States (OTS), formerly called the Turkic Council or the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States, is an international organization comprising prominent independent Turkic countries: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey and Uzbekistan. It is an intergovernmental organization whose overarching aim is promoting comprehensive cooperation among Turkic-speaking states. First proposed by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev in 2006, it was founded on 3 October 2009, in Nakhchivan. The General Secretariat is in Istanbul.
2008
1. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, establishing the Troubled Asset Relief Program, commonly referred to as a bailout of the U.S. financial system, was enacted.
  1. Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
    
    The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, often called the "bank bailout of 2008", was proposed by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, passed by the 110th United States Congress, and signed into law by President George W. Bush. It became law as part of Public Law 110-343 on October 3, 2008, in the midst of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. It created the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to purchase toxic assets from banks. The funds were mostly redirected to inject capital into banks and other financial institutions while the Treasury continued to examine the usefulness of targeted asset purchases.
  2. Troubled Asset Relief Program
    
    The Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) is a program of the United States government to purchase toxic assets and equity from financial institutions to strengthen its financial sector that was passed by Congress and signed into law by President George Bush. It was a component of the government's measures in 2009 to address the subprime mortgage crisis.
  3. Bailout
    
    A bailout is the provision of financial help to a corporation or country which otherwise would be on the brink of bankruptcy.
2. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 for the U.S. financial system is signed by President George W. Bush.
  1. Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008
    
    The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, often called the "bank bailout of 2008", was proposed by Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, passed by the 110th United States Congress, and signed into law by President George W. Bush. It became law as part of Public Law 110-343 on October 3, 2008, in the midst of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. It created the $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) to purchase toxic assets from banks. The funds were mostly redirected to inject capital into banks and other financial institutions while the Treasury continued to examine the usefulness of targeted asset purchases.
2003
1. Roy Horn of the American entertainment duo Siegfried & Roy was mauled by a tiger during a performance at the Mirage on the Las Vegas Strip.
  1. Siegfried & Roy
    
    Siegfried & Roy were a duo of German-American magicians and entertainers, best known for their appearances with white lions and white tigers. It was composed of Siegfried Fischbacher and Roy Horn.
  2. The Mirage
    
    The Mirage is a casino resort on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned by Vici Properties and operated by MGM Resorts International. The 65-acre property includes a 90,548 sq ft (8,412.2 m2) casino and 3,044 rooms.
  3. Las Vegas Strip
    
    The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada, that is known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip, as it is known, is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) long, and is immediately south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise and Winchester, but is often referred to simply as "Las Vegas".
1995
1. O. J. Simpson murder case: O. J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman.
  1. O. J. Simpson murder case
    
    The People of the State of California v. Orenthal James Simpson was a criminal trial in Los Angeles County Superior Court starting in 1994, in which O. J. Simpson, a former National Football League (NFL) player, broadcaster and actor, was tried and acquitted for the murders of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. The pair were stabbed to death outside Brown's condominium in the Brentwood neighborhood of Los Angeles on the night of June 12, 1994. The trial spanned eleven months, from November 9, 1994.
  2. O. J. Simpson
    
    Orenthal James Simpson, nicknamed "Juice", is an American former football running back, actor, and broadcaster who played for the Buffalo Bills and San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League. Once a popular figure with the U.S. public, he is now best known for being tried for the murders of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ron Goldman. Simpson was acquitted of the murders in criminal court but was later found responsible for both deaths in a civil trial.
  3. Acquittal
    
    In common law jurisdictions, an acquittal certifies that the accused is free from the charge of an offense, as far as criminal law is concerned. The finality of an acquittal is dependent on the jurisdiction. In some countries, such as the United States, an acquittal operates to bar the retrial of the accused for the same offense, even if new evidence surfaces that further implicates the accused. The effect of an acquittal on criminal proceedings is the same whether it results from a jury verdict or results from the operation of some other rule that discharges the accused. In other countries, the prosecuting authority may appeal an acquittal similar to how a defendant may appeal a conviction.
  4. Nicole Brown Simpson
    
    Nicole Brown Simpson was the ex-wife of the former professional American football player, O. J. Simpson, to whom she was married from 1985 to 1992. She was the mother of their two children, Sydney and Justin.
  5. Ron Goldman
    
    Ronald Lyle Goldman was an American restaurant waiter and a friend of Nicole Brown Simpson, the ex-wife of the American football player O.J. Simpson. He was murdered, along with Brown, at her home in Los Angeles, California, on June 12, 1994. Simpson was acquitted of their killings in 1995 but found liable for both deaths in a 1997 civil lawsuit.
1993
1. An American attack against a warlord in Mogadishu fails; eighteen US soldiers and over 350 Somalis die.
  1. Battle of Mogadishu (1993)
    
    The Battle of Mogadishu, also known as the Black Hawk Down incident, was part of Operation Gothic Serpent. It was fought on 3–4 October 1993, in Mogadishu, Somalia, between forces of the United States—supported by UNOSOM II—against the forces of the Somali National Alliance (SNA) and citizens of south Mogadishu. The battle was part of the broader Somali Civil War that had begun in 1991. The United Nations had initially become involved to provide food aid to alleviate starvation in the south of the country, but in the months preceding the battle, had shifted the mission to establishing democracy and restoring a central government.
1991
1. Nadine Gordimer became the first South African to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
  1. Nadine Gordimer
    
    Nadine Gordimer was a South African writer and political activist. She received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1991, recognized as a writer "who through her magnificent epic writing has ... been of very great benefit to humanity".
  2. Nobel Prize in Literature
    
    The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.
2. Nadine Gordimer is announced as the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature.
  1. Nadine Gordimer
    
    Nadine Gordimer was a South African writer and political activist. She received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1991, recognized as a writer "who through her magnificent epic writing has ... been of very great benefit to humanity".
  2. Nobel Prize in Literature
    
    The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of May 2022.
1990
1. The German Democratic Republic is abolished and becomes part of the Federal Republic of Germany; the event is afterwards celebrated as German Unity Day.
  1. East Germany
    
    East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic, was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state was a part of the Eastern Bloc in the Cold War. Commonly described as a communist state, it described itself as a socialist "workers' and peasants' state". Its territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the end of World War II—the Soviet occupation zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the Oder–Neisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin but did not include it and West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR.
  2. German reunification
    
    German reunification was a geo-political event on 3 October 1990 by which the German Democratic Republic was dissolved and its territory became part of the Federal Republic of Germany to form present-day Germany.
  3. Germany
    
    Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of almost 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.
  4. German Unity Day
    
    German Unity Day is the National Day of Germany, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday. It commemorates German reunification in 1990 when the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany, so that for the first time since 1945 there existed a single German state. German Unity Day on 3 October has been the German National Holiday since 1990, when the reunification was formally completed.
1989
1. Major Moisés Giroldi of the Panama Defense Forces failed in his attempt to overthrow dictator Manuel Noriega.
  1. Moisés Giroldi
    
    Moisés Giroldi Vera was a Panamanian military commander noted for his coup attempt against military leader Manuel Noriega in 1989. Giroldi was executed in the military barracks in San Miguelito after the coup was suppressed.
  2. 1989 Panamanian coup d'état attempt
    
    The 1989 Panamanian coup d'état attempt was a failed coup d'état which occurred in Panama City on 3 October. The attempt was led by Major Moisés Giroldi, supported by a group of officers who had returned from a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Namibia. Although the plotters succeeded in capturing Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, the coup was quickly suppressed. Giroldi, together with nine other members of the Panamanian Defense Forces, was executed on 3 and 4 October 1989. Two hundred and fifty participants died in prison after being tortured. These events became known as the "Albrook massacre".
  3. Manuel Noriega
    
    Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno was a Panamanian dictator, politician and military officer who was the de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989. An authoritarian ruler who amassed a personal fortune through drug trafficking operations, he had long standing ties to United States intelligence agencies before the U.S. invasion of Panama removed him from power.
2. A coup in Panama City is suppressed and 11 participants are executed.
  1. 1989 Panamanian coup d'état attempt
    
    The 1989 Panamanian coup d'état attempt was a failed coup d'état which occurred in Panama City on 3 October. The attempt was led by Major Moisés Giroldi, supported by a group of officers who had returned from a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Namibia. Although the plotters succeeded in capturing Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega, the coup was quickly suppressed. Giroldi, together with nine other members of the Panamanian Defense Forces, was executed on 3 and 4 October 1989. Two hundred and fifty participants died in prison after being tortured. These events became known as the "Albrook massacre".
  2. Panama City
    
    Panama City, also simply known as Panama, is the capital and largest city of Panama. It has an urban population of 880,691, with over 1.5 million in its metropolitan area. The city is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, in the province of Panama. The city is the political and administrative center of the country, as well as a hub for banking and commerce.
1986
1. TASCC, a superconducting cyclotron at the Chalk River Laboratories in Canada, is officially opened.
  1. Tandem Accelerator Superconducting Cyclotron
    
    Tandem Accelerator Superconducting Cyclotron (TASCC) was a Canadian particle accelerator facility constructed at Chalk River Laboratories on October 3, 1986. TASCC was the world's first Tandem Accelerator and able to accelerate most elements to 10 MeV per nucleon. The TASCC facility was decommissioned beginning in 1996.
  2. Chalk River Laboratories
    
    Chalk River Laboratories is a Canadian nuclear research facility in Deep River, about 180 km (110 mi) north-west of Ottawa.
  3. Canada
    
    Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres, making it the world's second-largest country by total area. Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching 8,891 kilometres (5,525 mi), is the world's longest binational land border. Canada's capital is Ottawa, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.
1985
1. The Space Shuttle Atlantis makes its maiden flight, carrying two DSCS-III Satellites on STS-51-J.
  1. Space Shuttle Atlantis
    
    Space Shuttle Atlantis is a Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle which belongs to NASA, the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States. Atlantis was manufactured by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida on April 1985. Atlantis is also the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built. Its maiden flight was STS-51-J made from October 3 to 7, 1985.
  2. Defense Satellite Communications System
    
    The Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) is a United States Space Force satellite constellation that provides the United States with military communications to support globally distributed military users. Beginning in 2007, DSCS is being replaced by the Wideband Global SATCOM system. A total of 14 DSCS-III satellites were launched between the early 1980s and 2003. Two satellites were launched aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1985 during the STS-51-J flight. As of 14 September 2021, six DSCS-III satellites were still operational. DSCS operations are currently run by the 4th Space Operations Squadron out of Schriever Space Force Base.
  3. STS-51-J
    
    STS-51-J was the 21st NASA Space Shuttle mission and the first flight of Space Shuttle Atlantis. It launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on October 3, 1985, carrying a payload for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 7, 1985.
1981
1. A hunger strike by Irish republican prisoners at HM Prison Maze outside Belfast, Northern Ireland, ended after seven months and ten deaths.
  1. 1981 Irish hunger strike
    
    The 1981 Irish hunger strike was the culmination of a five-year protest during the Troubles by Irish republican prisoners in Northern Ireland. The protest began as the blanket protest in 1976, when the British government withdrew Special Category Status for convicted paramilitary prisoners. In 1978, the dispute escalated into the dirty protest, where prisoners refused to leave their cells to wash and covered the walls of their cells with excrement. In 1980, seven prisoners participated in the first hunger strike, which ended after 53 days.
  2. Irish republicanism
    
    Irish republicanism is the political movement for the unity and independence of Ireland under a republic. Irish republicans view British rule in any part of Ireland as inherently illegitimate.
  3. HM Prison Maze
    
    Her Majesty's Prison Maze was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house alleged paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to September 2000.
  4. Belfast
    
    Belfast is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdom and the second-largest in Ireland. It had a population of 345,418 in 2021.
2. The hunger strike at the Maze Prison in Northern Ireland ends after seven months and ten deaths.
  1. 1981 Irish hunger strike
    
    The 1981 Irish hunger strike was the culmination of a five-year protest during the Troubles by Irish republican prisoners in Northern Ireland. The protest began as the blanket protest in 1976, when the British government withdrew Special Category Status for convicted paramilitary prisoners. In 1978, the dispute escalated into the dirty protest, where prisoners refused to leave their cells to wash and covered the walls of their cells with excrement. In 1980, seven prisoners participated in the first hunger strike, which ended after 53 days.
  2. HM Prison Maze
    
    Her Majesty's Prison Maze was a prison in Northern Ireland that was used to house alleged paramilitary prisoners during the Troubles from August 1971 to September 2000.
  3. Northern Ireland
    
    Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2021, its population was 1,903,100, making up about 27% of Ireland's population and about 3% of the UK's population. The Northern Ireland Assembly, established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the UK Government. Northern Ireland cooperates with the Republic of Ireland in several areas.
1963
1. Oswaldo López Arellano replaced Honduran president Ramón Villeda Morales in a violent coup, initiating two decades of military rule.
  1. Oswaldo López Arellano
    
    Oswaldo Enrique López Arellano was a Honduran politician who twice served as the President of Honduras, first from 1963 to 1971 and again from 1972 until 1975.
  2. Ramón Villeda Morales
    
    José Ramón Adolfo Villeda Morales served as President of Honduras from 1957 to 1963. He was also known by the nickname, "Pajarito".
  3. 1963 Honduran coup d'état
    
    The 1963 Honduran coup d'état was a military takeover of the Honduran government on 3 October 1963, ten days before a scheduled election. Oswaldo López Arellano replaced Ramón Villeda Morales as president and initiated two decades of military rule.
2. A violent coup in Honduras begins two decades of military rule.
  1. 1963 Honduran coup d'état
    
    The 1963 Honduran coup d'état was a military takeover of the Honduran government on 3 October 1963, ten days before a scheduled election. Oswaldo López Arellano replaced Ramón Villeda Morales as president and initiated two decades of military rule.
1962
1. Mercury-Atlas 8, the fifth United States crewed space mission, was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, carrying astronaut Wally Schirra (pictured).
  1. Mercury-Atlas 8
    
    Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth United States crewed space mission, part of NASA's Mercury program. Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., orbited the Earth six times in the Sigma 7 spacecraft on October 3, 1962, in a nine-hour flight focused mainly on technical evaluation rather than on scientific experimentation. This was the longest U.S. crewed orbital flight yet achieved in the Space Race, though well behind the several-day record set by the Soviet Vostok 3 earlier in the year. It confirmed the Mercury spacecraft's durability ahead of the one-day Mercury-Atlas 9 mission that followed in 1963.
  2. Human spaceflight
    
    Human spaceflight is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be remotely operated from ground stations on Earth, or autonomously, without any direct human involvement. People trained for spaceflight are called astronauts, cosmonauts (Russian), or taikonauts (Chinese); and non-professionals are referred to as spaceflight participants or spacefarers.
  3. Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
    
    Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.
  4. Wally Schirra
    
    Walter Marty Schirra Jr. was an American naval aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. In 1959, he became one of the original seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury, which was the United States' first effort to put human beings into space. On October 3, 1962, he flew the six-orbit, nine-hour, Mercury-Atlas 8 mission, in a spacecraft he nicknamed Sigma 7. At the time of his mission in Sigma 7, Schirra became the fifth American and ninth human to travel into space. In the two-man Gemini program, he achieved the first space rendezvous, station-keeping his Gemini 6A spacecraft within 1 foot (30 cm) of the sister Gemini 7 spacecraft in December 1965. In October 1968, he commanded Apollo 7, an 11-day low Earth orbit shakedown test of the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module and the first crewed launch for the Apollo program.
2. Project Mercury: US astronaut Wally Schirra, in Sigma 7, is launched from Cape Canaveral for a six-orbit flight.
  1. Project Mercury
    
    Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. An early highlight of the Space Race, its goal was to put a man into Earth orbit and return him safely, ideally before the Soviet Union. Taken over from the US Air Force by the newly created civilian space agency NASA, it conducted 20 uncrewed developmental flights, and six successful flights by astronauts. The program, which took its name from Roman mythology, cost $2.38 billion. The astronauts were collectively known as the "Mercury Seven", and each spacecraft was given a name ending with a "7" by its pilot.
  2. Wally Schirra
    
    Walter Marty Schirra Jr. was an American naval aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. In 1959, he became one of the original seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury, which was the United States' first effort to put human beings into space. On October 3, 1962, he flew the six-orbit, nine-hour, Mercury-Atlas 8 mission, in a spacecraft he nicknamed Sigma 7. At the time of his mission in Sigma 7, Schirra became the fifth American and ninth human to travel into space. In the two-man Gemini program, he achieved the first space rendezvous, station-keeping his Gemini 6A spacecraft within 1 foot (30 cm) of the sister Gemini 7 spacecraft in December 1965. In October 1968, he commanded Apollo 7, an 11-day low Earth orbit shakedown test of the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module and the first crewed launch for the Apollo program.
  3. Mercury-Atlas 8
    
    Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) was the fifth United States crewed space mission, part of NASA's Mercury program. Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., orbited the Earth six times in the Sigma 7 spacecraft on October 3, 1962, in a nine-hour flight focused mainly on technical evaluation rather than on scientific experimentation. This was the longest U.S. crewed orbital flight yet achieved in the Space Race, though well behind the several-day record set by the Soviet Vostok 3 earlier in the year. It confirmed the Mercury spacecraft's durability ahead of the one-day Mercury-Atlas 9 mission that followed in 1963.
  4. Cape Canaveral Space Force Station
    
    Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS) is an installation of the United States Space Force's Space Launch Delta 45, located on Cape Canaveral in Brevard County, Florida.
1957
1. The California State Superior Court rules that the book Howl and Other Poems is not obscene.
  1. California superior courts
    
    Superior courts in California are the state trial courts with general jurisdiction to hear and decide any civil or criminal action which is not specially designated to be heard in some other court or before a governmental agency. As mandated by the California Constitution, there is a superior court in each of the 58 counties in California. The superior courts also have appellate divisions which hear appeals from decisions in cases previously heard by inferior courts.
  2. Howl (poem)
    
    "Howl", also known as "Howl for Carl Solomon", is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954–1955 and published in his 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems. The poem is dedicated to Carl Solomon.
1953
1. Vancouver's Holy Rosary Cathedral was dedicated by Archbishop William Mark Duke, fifty-three years after it first opened.
  1. Holy Rosary Cathedral (Vancouver)
    
    The Metropolitan Cathedral of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary, commonly known as Holy Rosary Cathedral, is a late 19th-century French Gothic revival church that serves as the cathedral of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver. It is located in the downtown area of the city at the intersection of Richards and Dunsmuir streets.
  2. Dedication of churches
    
    Churches under the authority of a bishop are usually dedicated by the bishop in a ceremony that used to be called that of consecration, but is now called that of dedication. For the Catholic Church, the rite of dedication is described in the Caeremoniale Episcoporum, chapters IX-X, and in the Roman Missal's Ritual Masses for the Dedication of a Church and an Altar. In the Church of England, a consecrated church may only be closed for worship after a legal process.
  3. William Mark Duke
    
    William Mark Duke was a Canadian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, who served as Archbishop of Vancouver from 1931 to 1964.
1952
1. The United Kingdom successfully completed a nuclear test (pictured) to become the world's third nuclear power.
  1. Operation Hurricane
    
    Operation Hurricane was the first test of a British atomic device. A plutonium implosion device was detonated on 3 October 1952 in Main Bay, Trimouille Island, in the Montebello Islands in Western Australia. With the success of Operation Hurricane, Britain became the third nuclear power, after the United States and the Soviet Union.
  2. List of states with nuclear weapons
    
    Eight sovereign states have publicly announced successful detonation of nuclear weapons. Five are considered to be nuclear-weapon states (NWS) under the terms of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). In order of acquisition of nuclear weapons, these are the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China.
2. The United Kingdom successfully tests a nuclear weapon in the Montebello Islands, Western Australia, to become the world's third nuclear power.
  1. Operation Hurricane
    
    Operation Hurricane was the first test of a British atomic device. A plutonium implosion device was detonated on 3 October 1952 in Main Bay, Trimouille Island, in the Montebello Islands in Western Australia. With the success of Operation Hurricane, Britain became the third nuclear power, after the United States and the Soviet Union.
  2. Montebello Islands
    
    The Montebello Islands, also rendered as the Monte Bello Islands, are an archipelago of around 174 small islands lying 20 km (12 mi) north of Barrow Island and 130 km (81 mi) off the Pilbara coast of north-western Australia. The islands form a marine conservation reserve of 58,331 ha administered by the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation. The islands were the site of three British atmospheric nuclear weapons tests in 1952 and 1956.
  3. Western Australia
    
    Western Australia is a state of Australia occupying the western 33 percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of 2,527,013 square kilometres (975,685 sq mi). It is the second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. As of 2021, the state has 2.76 million inhabitants – 11 percent of the national total. The vast majority live in the south-west corner; 79 percent of the population lives in the Perth area, leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated.
1951
1. In Major League Baseball, the New York Giants' Bobby Thomson hit the "Shot Heard 'Round the World", a game-winning home run, to win the National League pennant.
  1. Major League Baseball
    
    Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 total teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. The NL and AL were formed in 1876 and 1901, respectively. Beginning in 1903, the two leagues signed the National Agreement and cooperated but remained legally separate entities until 2000, when they merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. It is also included as one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.
  2. San Francisco Giants
    
    The San Francisco Giants are an American professional baseball team based in San Francisco, California. The Giants compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Founded in 1883 as the New York Gothams, and renamed three years later the New York Giants, the team eventually moved from New York City to San Francisco in 1958.
  3. Bobby Thomson
    
    Robert Brown Thomson was a Scottish-born American professional baseball player, nicknamed the "Staten Island Scot". He was an outfielder and right-handed batter for the New York Giants, Milwaukee Braves (1954–57), Chicago Cubs (1958–59), Boston Red Sox (1960), and Baltimore Orioles (1960). His pennant-winning three-run home run for the Giants in 1951 is popularly known as the "Shot Heard 'Round the World", and is one of the most famous moments in baseball history. It overshadowed his other accomplishments, including eight 20-home-run seasons and three All-Star selections. "It was the best thing that ever happened to me", he said. "It may have been the best thing that ever happened to anybody."
  4. Shot Heard 'Round the World (baseball)
    
    In baseball, the "Shot Heard 'Round the World" was a game-winning home run hit by New York Giants outfielder and third baseman Bobby Thomson off Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca at the Polo Grounds in New York City on October 3, 1951, to win the National League (NL) pennant. Thomson's dramatic three-run homer came in the ninth inning of the decisive third game of a three-game playoff for the pennant in which the Giants trailed, 4–1 entering the ninth, and 4–2 with two runners on base at the time of Thomson's at-bat.
  5. Home run
    
    In baseball, a home run is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle the bases and reach home plate safely in one play without any errors being committed by the defensive team. A home run is usually achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence between the foul poles without the ball touching the field. Far less common is the "inside-the-park" home run where the batter reaches home safely while the baseball is in play on the field.
  6. List of National League pennant winners
    
    The National League pennant winner of a given Major League Baseball season is the team that wins the championship—the pennant—of MLB's National League (NL). This team receives the Warren C. Giles Trophy and the right to play in the World Series against the champion of the American League (AL). The current NL pennant winners are the Philadelphia Phillies, who beat out the San Diego Padres to win the NL pennant in October 2022.
2. The First Battle of Maryang-san, widely regarded as one of the Australian Army's greatest accomplishments during the Korean War, began.
  1. First Battle of Maryang-san
    
    The First Battle of Maryang-san, also known as the Defensive Battle of Maliangshan, was fought during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) forces—primarily Australian and British—and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The fighting occurred during a limited UN offensive by US I Corps, codenamed Operation Commando. This offensive ultimately pushed the PVA back from the Imjin River to the Jamestown Line and destroyed elements of four PVA armies following heavy fighting. The much smaller battle at Maryang San took place over a five-day period, and saw the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment dislodge a numerically superior PVA force from the tactically important Kowang san and Maryang san features, in conjunction with other units of the 1st Commonwealth Division.
  2. Australian Army
    
    The Australian Army is the principal land warfare force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. The Army is commanded by the Chief of Army (CA), who is subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) who commands the ADF. The CA is also directly responsible to the Minister for Defence, with the Department of Defence administering the ADF and the Army.
  3. Korean War
    
    The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United States and allied countries. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.
3. Korean War: The First Battle of Maryang San pits Commonwealth troops against communist Chinese troops.
  1. First Battle of Maryang-san
    
    The First Battle of Maryang-san, also known as the Defensive Battle of Maliangshan, was fought during the Korean War between United Nations Command (UN) forces—primarily Australian and British—and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA). The fighting occurred during a limited UN offensive by US I Corps, codenamed Operation Commando. This offensive ultimately pushed the PVA back from the Imjin River to the Jamestown Line and destroyed elements of four PVA armies following heavy fighting. The much smaller battle at Maryang San took place over a five-day period, and saw the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment dislodge a numerically superior PVA force from the tactically important Kowang san and Maryang san features, in conjunction with other units of the 1st Commonwealth Division.
1949
1. WERD, the first black-owned radio station in the United States, opens in Atlanta.
  1. WERD (historic radio station)
    
    WERD was the first radio station owned and programmed by African Americans. The station was established in Atlanta, Georgia on October 3, 1949, broadcasting on 860 AM. The National Black Radio Hall of Fame Atlanta Chapter is reopening WERD which still exists at its birth location and will also include a historical museum with it after renovations of the facility are completed.
1946
1. An American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crashes near Ernest Harmon Air Force Base in Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, killing 39.
  1. American Overseas Airlines
    
    American Overseas Airlines (AOA) was an airline that operated between the United States and Europe between 1945 and 1950. It was headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City.
  2. Douglas DC-4
    
    The Douglas DC-4 is an American four-engined (piston), propeller-driven airliner developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Military versions of the plane, the C-54 and R5D, served during World War II, in the Berlin Airlift and into the 1960s. From 1945, many civil airlines operated the DC-4 worldwide.
  3. 1946 American Overseas Airlines Douglas DC-4 crash
    
    On October 3, 1946, an American Overseas Airlines (AOA) Douglas C-54 aircraft named Flagship New England crashed soon after take-off from Stephenville, Newfoundland, killing all 39 people on board. It was, at the time, the deadliest aircraft crash on Newfoundland soil.
  4. Ernest Harmon Air Force Base
    
    Ernest Harmon Air Force Base is a former United States Air Force base located in Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador. The base was built by the United States Army Air Forces in 1941 under the Destroyers for Bases Agreement with the United Kingdom.
  5. Stephenville, Newfoundland and Labrador
    
    Stephenville is a town in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, on the west coast of the island of Newfoundland.
1943
1. World War II: German forces murder 92 civilians in Lingiades, Greece.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Lingiades massacre
    
    The Lingiades massacre, on 3 October 1943, was a Nazi German war crime committed by members of the 1st Mountain Division of the Wehrmacht Heer during the Axis occupation of Greece. The village of Lingiades, near Ioannina in northwestern Greece, was arbitrarily chosen as a target for reprisals by the Wehrmacht due to the killing of a German officer by members of the Greek Resistance. The vast majority of the victims were children, women, and elderly.
1942
1. A German V-2 rocket reaches a record 85 km (46 nm) in altitude.
  1. V-2 rocket
    
    The V-2, with the technical name Aggregat 4 (A-4), was the world’s first long-range guided ballistic missile. The missile, powered by a liquid-propellant rocket engine, was developed during the Second World War in Nazi Germany as a "vengeance weapon" and assigned to attack Allied cities as retaliation for the Allied bombings against German cities. The V-2 rocket also became the first artificial object to travel into space by crossing the Kármán line with the vertical launch of MW 18014 on 20 June 1944.
1935
1. Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italy invades Ethiopia.
  1. Second Italo-Ethiopian War
    
    The Second Italo-Ethiopian War, also referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, was a war of aggression which was fought between Italy and Ethiopia from October 1935 to February 1937. In Ethiopia it is often referred to simply as the Italian Invasion, and in Italy as the Ethiopian War. It is seen as an example of the expansionist policy that characterized the Axis powers and the ineffectiveness of the League of Nations before the outbreak of the Second World War.
  2. De Bono's invasion of Ethiopia
    
    De Bono's invasion of Ethiopia took place during the opening stages of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. Italian General Emilio De Bono invaded northern Ethiopia from staging areas in the Italian colony of Eritrea on what was known as the "northern front".
1932
1. The Kingdom of Iraq gains independence from the United Kingdom.
  1. Kingdom of Iraq
    
    The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq was a state located in the Middle East from 1932 to 1958.
1929
1. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes is renamed to Yugoslavia by King Alexander I.
  1. Kingdom of Yugoslavia
    
    The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 to 1929, it was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" was its colloquial name due to its origins. The official name of the state was changed to "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" by King Alexander I on 3 October 1929.
  2. Alexander I of Yugoslavia
    
    Alexander I, also known as Alexander the Unifier, was the prince regent of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1914 and later the King of Yugoslavia from 1921 to 1934. He was assassinated by the Bulgarian Vlado Chernozemski of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, during a 1934 state visit to France. Having sat on the throne for 13 years, he is the longest-reigning monarch of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
1919
1. Cincinnati Reds pitcher Adolfo Luque becomes the first Latin American player to appear in a World Series.
  1. Cincinnati Reds
    
    The Cincinnati Reds are an American professional baseball team based in Cincinnati. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division and were a charter member of the American Association in 1881 before joining the NL in 1890.
  2. Dolf Luque
    
    Adolfo Domingo De Guzmán "Dolf" Luque was a Cuban starting pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1914 to 1935. Luque was enshrined in the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1957 and the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1967, as well as in the Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985. Luque was not only the first Latino pitcher in MLB, but also the first to win a World Series victory, and the first to lead the Leagues in wins and shutouts.
  3. World Series
    
    The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, contested since 1903 between the champion teams of the American League (AL) and the National League (NL). The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy.
1918
1. King Boris III of Bulgaria accedes to the throne.
  1. Boris III of Bulgaria
    
    Boris III, originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver, was the Tsar of the Kingdom of Bulgaria from 1918 until his death in 1943.
1912
1. U.S. forces defeat Nicaraguan rebels at the Battle of Coyotepe Hill.
  1. Battle of Coyotepe Hill
    
    The Battle of Coyotepe Hill was a significant engagement during the United States occupation of Nicaragua from August through November 1912 during the insurrection staged by Minister of War General Luis Mena against the government of President Adolfo Díaz.
1873
1. Chief Kintpuash and companions are hanged for their part in the Modoc War of northern California.
  1. Kintpuash
    
    Kintpuash, also known as Kientpaush, Kientpoos, and Captain Jack, was a chief of the Modoc tribe of California and Oregon. Kintpuash's name in the Modoc language meant 'Strikes the water brashly.'
  2. Modoc War
    
    The Modoc War, or the Modoc Campaign, was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc people and the United States Army in northeastern California and southeastern Oregon from 1872 to 1873. Eadweard Muybridge photographed the early part of the US Army's campaign.
  3. Northern California
    
    Northern California is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Spanning the state's northernmost 48 counties, its main population centers include the San Francisco Bay Area, the Greater Sacramento area, the Redding, California, area south of the Cascade Range, and the Metropolitan Fresno area. Northern California also contains redwood forests, along with most of the Sierra Nevada, including Yosemite Valley and part of Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta, and most of the Central Valley, one of the world's most productive agricultural regions.
1863
1. The last Thursday in November is declared as Thanksgiving Day by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.
  1. Thanksgiving (United States)
    
    Thanksgiving is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It is sometimes called American Thanksgiving to distinguish it from the Canadian holiday of the same name and related celebrations in other regions. It originated as a day of thanksgiving and harvest festival, with the theme of the holiday revolving around giving thanks and the centerpiece of Thanksgiving celebrations remaining a Thanksgiving dinner. The dinner traditionally consists of foods and dishes indigenous to the Americas, namely turkey, potatoes, stuffing, squash, corn (maize), green beans, cranberries, and pumpkin pie. Other Thanksgiving customs include charitable organizations offering Thanksgiving dinner for the poor, attending religious services, and watching television events such as Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade and NFL football games. Thanksgiving is regarded as the beginning of the Christmas and holiday season, with the day following it, Black Friday, being the busiest shopping day of the year in the United States.
  2. Abraham Lincoln
    
    Abraham Lincoln was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the American Civil War and succeeded in preserving the Union, abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.
1849
1. American author Edgar Allan Poe was found incoherent in mysterious circumstances; it was the last time he was seen in public before his death four days later.
  1. Edgar Allan Poe
    
    Edgar Allan Poe was an American writer, poet, editor, and literary critic. Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States, and of American literature. Poe was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story, and considered to be the inventor of the detective fiction genre, as well as a significant contributor to the emerging genre of science fiction. Poe is the first well-known American writer to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
  2. Death of Edgar Allan Poe
    
    The death of Edgar Allan Poe on October 7, 1849, has remained mysterious. The circumstances leading up to the final days of Edgar Allan Poe are uncertain, and the cause of death is disputed. On October 3, the American author was found delirious in Baltimore, Maryland, "in great distress, and ... in need of immediate assistance", according to the man who found him, Joseph W. Walker. He was taken to the Washington College Hospital, where he died at 5 a.m. on Sunday, October 7. He was 40 years old. Poe was never able to explain how he came to be in this condition.
1792
1. Spanish forces departed Valdivia to suppress the indigenous Huilliche uprising in southern Chile.
  1. Valdivia
    
    Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile, administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia, and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately 15 km (9 mi) east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla. Since October 2007, Valdivia has been the capital of Los Ríos Region and is also the capital of Valdivia Province. The national census of 2017 recorded the commune of Valdivia as having 166,080 inhabitants (Valdivianos), of whom 150,048 were living in the city. The main economic activities of Valdivia include tourism, wood pulp manufacturing, forestry, metallurgy, and beer production. The city is also the home of the Austral University of Chile, founded in 1954 and the Centro de Estudios Científicos.
  2. Huilliche uprising of 1792
    
    The Huilliche uprising of 1792 was an indigenous uprising against the Spanish penetration into Futahuillimapu, territory in southern Chile that had been de facto free of Spanish rule since 1602. The first part of the conflict was a series of Huilliche attacks on Spanish settlers and the mission in the frontier next to Bueno River. Following this a militia in charge of Tomás de Figueroa departed from Valdivia ravaging Huilliche territory in a quest to subdue anti-Spanish elements in Futahuillimapu.
2. A militia departs from the Spanish stronghold of Valdivia to quell a Huilliche uprising in southern Chile.
  1. Valdivian Fort System
    
    The Fort System of Valdivia is a series of Spanish colonial fortifications at Corral Bay, Valdivia and Cruces River established to protect the city of Valdivia, in southern Chile. During the period of Spanish rule (1645–1820), it was one of the biggest systems of fortification in the Americas. It was also a major supply source for Spanish ships that crossed the Strait of Magellan.
  2. Valdivia
    
    Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile, administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia, and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately 15 km (9 mi) east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla. Since October 2007, Valdivia has been the capital of Los Ríos Region and is also the capital of Valdivia Province. The national census of 2017 recorded the commune of Valdivia as having 166,080 inhabitants (Valdivianos), of whom 150,048 were living in the city. The main economic activities of Valdivia include tourism, wood pulp manufacturing, forestry, metallurgy, and beer production. The city is also the home of the Austral University of Chile, founded in 1954 and the Centro de Estudios Científicos.
  3. Huilliche uprising of 1792
    
    The Huilliche uprising of 1792 was an indigenous uprising against the Spanish penetration into Futahuillimapu, territory in southern Chile that had been de facto free of Spanish rule since 1602. The first part of the conflict was a series of Huilliche attacks on Spanish settlers and the mission in the frontier next to Bueno River. Following this a militia in charge of Tomás de Figueroa departed from Valdivia ravaging Huilliche territory in a quest to subdue anti-Spanish elements in Futahuillimapu.
1789
1. George Washington proclaims Thursday November 26, 1789 a Thanksgiving Day.
  1. Thanksgiving (United States)
    
    Thanksgiving is a federal holiday in the United States celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November. It is sometimes called American Thanksgiving to distinguish it from the Canadian holiday of the same name and related celebrations in other regions. It originated as a day of thanksgiving and harvest festival, with the theme of the holiday revolving around giving thanks and the centerpiece of Thanksgiving celebrations remaining a Thanksgiving dinner. The dinner traditionally consists of foods and dishes indigenous to the Americas, namely turkey, potatoes, stuffing, squash, corn (maize), green beans, cranberries, and pumpkin pie. Other Thanksgiving customs include charitable organizations offering Thanksgiving dinner for the poor, attending religious services, and watching television events such as Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade and NFL football games. Thanksgiving is regarded as the beginning of the Christmas and holiday season, with the day following it, Black Friday, being the busiest shopping day of the year in the United States.
1739
1. The Treaty of Niš is signed by the Ottoman Empire and Russia ending the Russian–Turkish War.
  1. Treaty of Niš (1739)
    
    The Treaty of Niš was a peace treaty signed on 3 October 1739 in Niš, by the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire, to end the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739. The Russians gave up their claim to Crimea and Moldavia but were allowed to build a port at Azov, though without fortifications and without the right to have a fleet in the Black Sea. The war was the result of a Russian effort to gain Azov and Crimea as a first step towards dominating the Black Sea. The Habsburg monarchy entered the war in 1737 on the Russian side, but was forced to make peace with Ottomans at the separate Treaty of Belgrade, surrendering Northern Serbia, Northern Bosnia and Oltenia, and allowing the Ottomans to resist the Russian push toward Constantinople. In return, the Sultan acknowledged the Habsburg Emperor as the official protector of all Ottoman Christian subjects, a position also claimed by Russia. The Austrian peace treaty, coupled with the imminent threat of Swedish invasion, compelled Russia to accept peace at Niš.
  2. Russo-Turkish War (1735–1739)
    
    The Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire was caused by the Ottoman Empire's war with Persia and continuing raids by the Crimean Tatars. The war also represented Russia's continuing struggle for access to the Black Sea. In 1737, the Holy Roman Empire joined the war on Russia's side, known in historiography as the Austro-Turkish War of 1737–1739.
1712
1. The Duke of Montrose issues a warrant for the arrest of Rob Roy MacGregor.
  1. James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose
    
    James Graham, 1st Duke and 4th Marquess of Montrose was a Scottish aristocratic statesman in the early eighteenth century.
  2. Rob Roy MacGregor
    
    Robert Roy MacGregor was a Scottish outlaw, who later became a folk hero.
1683
1. Qing dynasty naval commander Shi Lang receives the surrender of the Tungning kingdom on Taiwan after the Battle of Penghu.
  1. Qing dynasty
    
    The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria. It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing empire lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the fourth-largest empire in world history in terms of territorial size. With 419,264,000 citizens in 1907, it was the world's most populous country at the time.
  2. Shi Lang
    
    Shi Lang (1621–1696), Marquis Jinghai, also known as Secoe or Sego, was a Chinese admiral who served under the Ming and Qing dynasties in the 17th century. He was the commander-in-chief of the Qing fleets which destroyed the power of Zheng Chenggong's descendants in the 1660s, and led the conquest of the Zheng family's Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan in 1683. Shi later governed part of Taiwan as a marquis.
  3. Kingdom of Tungning
    
    The Kingdom of Tungning, also known as Tywan by the British at the time, was a dynastic maritime state that ruled part of southwestern Taiwan and the Penghu islands between 1661 and 1683. It is the first predominantly Han Chinese state in Taiwanese history. At its zenith, the kingdom's maritime power dominated varying extents of coastal regions of southeastern China and controlled the major sea lanes across both China Seas, and its vast trade network stretched from Japan to Southeast Asia.
  4. Battle of Penghu
    
    The Battle of Penghu was a naval battle fought in 1683 between the Qing dynasty and the Kingdom of Tungning. The Qing admiral Shi Lang led a fleet to attack the Tungning forces in Penghu. Each side possessed more than 200 warships. The Tungning admiral Liu Guoxuan was outmaneuvered by Shi Lang, whose forces outnumbered him three to one. Liu surrendered when his flagship ran out of ammunition and fled to Taiwan. The loss of Penghu resulted in the surrender of Zheng Keshuang, the last king of Tungning, to the Qing dynasty.
1574
1. The Siege of Leiden is lifted by the Watergeuzen.
  1. Siege of Leiden
    
    The siege of Leiden occurred during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo–Spanish War in 1573 and 1574, when the Spanish under Francisco de Valdez attempted to capture the rebellious city of Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands. The siege failed when the city was successfully relieved in October 1574.
  2. Geuzen
    
    Geuzen was a name assumed by the confederacy of Calvinist Dutch nobles, who from 1566 opposed Spanish rule in the Netherlands. The most successful group of them operated at sea, and so were called Watergeuzen. In the Eighty Years' War, the Capture of Brielle by the Watergeuzen in 1572 provided the first foothold on land for the rebels, who would conquer the northern Netherlands and establish an independent Dutch Republic. They can be considered either as privateers or pirates, depending on the circumstances or motivations.
1392
1. Muhammed VII becomes the twelfth sultan of the Emirate of Granada.
  1. Muhammad VII of Granada
    
    Muhammad VII was the twelfth Nasrid ruler of the Muslim Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. He was the son of Yusuf II and grandson of Muhammad V. He came to the throne upon the death of his father. In 1394, he defeated an invasion by the Order of Alcántara. This nearly escalated to a wider war, but Muhammad VII and Henry III of Castile were able to restore peace.
  2. Emirate of Granada
    
    The Emirate of Granada, also known as the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, was an Islamic realm in southern Iberia during the Late Middle Ages. It was the last independent Muslim state in Western Europe.
382
1. Roman Emperor Theodosius I concludes a peace treaty with the Goths and settles them in the Balkans.
  1. Theodosius I
    
    Theodosius I, also called Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. During his reign, he succeeded in a crucial war against the Goths, as well as in two civil wars, and was instrumental in establishing the creed of Nicaea as the doctrine for Christianity. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule the entire Roman Empire before its administration was permanently split between two separate courts.
  2. Goths
    
    The Goths were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe.
  3. Balkans
    
    The Balkans, also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the whole of Bulgaria. The Balkan Peninsula is bordered by the Adriatic Sea in the northwest, the Ionian Sea in the southwest, the Aegean Sea in the south, the Turkish Straits in the east, and the Black Sea in the northeast. The northern border of the peninsula is variously defined. The highest point of the Balkans is Mount Musala, 2,925 metres (9,596 ft), in the Rila mountain range, Bulgaria.
-42
1. Liberators' civil war: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight to a draw Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius in the first part of the Battle of Philippi, where Cassius commits suicide believing the battle is lost.
  1. Liberators' civil war
    
    The Liberators' civil war was started by the Second Triumvirate to avenge Julius Caesar's assassination. The war was fought by the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian against the forces of Caesar's assassins, led by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, also called the Liberatores. The latter were defeated by the Triumvirs at the Battle of Philippi in October 42 BC, and committed suicide. Brutus would also commit suicide after the second part of the battle.
  2. Mark Antony
    
    Marcus Antonius, commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the autocratic Roman Empire.
  3. Augustus
    
    Caesar Augustus, also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Principate, which is the first phase of the Roman Empire, and Augustus is considered one of the greatest leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult as well as an era associated with imperial peace, the Pax Romana or Pax Augusta. The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession.
  4. Marcus Junius Brutus
    
    Marcus Junius Brutus, often referred to simply as Brutus, was a Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar. After being adopted by a relative, he used the name Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus, which was retained as his legal name.
  5. Gaius Cassius Longinus
    
    Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC. He was the brother-in-law of Brutus, another leader of the conspiracy. He commanded troops with Brutus during the Battle of Philippi against the combined forces of Mark Antony and Octavian, Caesar's former supporters, and committed suicide after being defeated by Mark Antony.
  6. Battle of Philippi
    
    The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia. The Second Triumvirate declared the civil war ostensibly to avenge Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, but the underlying cause was a long-brewing conflict between the so-called Optimates and the so-called Populares.
-52
1. Gallic Wars: Vercingetorix, leader of the Gauls, surrenders to the Romans under Julius Caesar, ending the siege and battle of Alesia.
  1. Gallic Wars
    
    The Gallic Wars were waged between 58 and 50 BC by the Roman general Julius Caesar against the peoples of Gaul. Gallic, Germanic, and British tribes fought to defend their homelands against an aggressive Roman campaign. The Wars culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion of the Roman Republic over the whole of Gaul. Though the Gallic military was as strong as the Romans, the Gallic tribes' internal divisions eased victory for Caesar. Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix's attempt to unite the Gauls under a single banner came too late. Caesar portrayed the invasion as being a preemptive and defensive action, but historians agree that he fought the Wars primarily to boost his political career and to pay off his debts. Still, Gaul was of significant military importance to the Romans. Native tribes in the region, both Gallic and Germanic, had attacked Rome several times. Conquering Gaul allowed Rome to secure the natural border of the river Rhine.
  2. Vercingetorix
    
    Vercingetorix was a Gallic king and chieftain of the Arverni tribe who united the Gauls in a failed revolt against Roman forces during the last phase of Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars. Despite having willingly surrendered to Caesar, he was executed in Rome.
  3. Gauls
    
    The Gauls were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period. Their homeland was known as Gaul (Gallia). They spoke Gaulish, a continental Celtic language.
  4. Julius Caesar
    
    Gaius Julius Caesar, was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
  5. Battle of Alesia
    
    The Battle of Alesia or Siege of Alesia was a military engagement in the Gallic Wars around the Gallic oppidum of Alesia in modern France, a major centre of the Mandubii tribe. It was fought by the Roman army of Julius Caesar against a confederation of Gallic tribes united under the leadership of Vercingetorix of the Arverni. It was the last major engagement between Gauls and Romans, and is considered one of Caesar's greatest military achievements and a classic example of siege warfare and investment; the Roman army built dual lines of fortifications – an inner wall to keep the besieged Gauls in, and an outer wall to keep the Gallic relief force out. The Battle of Alesia marked the end of Gallic independence in the modern day territory of France and Belgium.
-2457
1. Gaecheonjeol, Hwanung (환웅) purportedly descended from heaven. South Korea's National Foundation Day.
  1. Gaecheonjeol
    
    Gaecheonjeol is a public holiday in South and North Korea on 3 October. Also known by the English name National Foundation Day, this holiday celebrates the legendary formation of the first Korean state of Gojoseon in 2333 BC. This date has traditionally been regarded as the date for the founding of the Korean people.
  2. National Foundation Day
    
    National Foundation Day is an annual public holiday in Japan on 11 February, celebrating the foundation of Japan, enforced by a specific Cabinet Order set in 1966. 11 February is the accession date of the legendary first Emperor of Japan, Emperor Jimmu, converted into Gregorian calendar of 660 BC which is written in Kojiki and chapter 3 of Nihon Shoki. Coincidentally, 11 February 1889 is the day of the promulgation of the Meiji Constitution.

Births & Deaths

2021
1. Todd Akin, American politician (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Todd Akin
    
    William Todd Akin was an American politician who served as the U.S. representative for Missouri's 2nd congressional district from 2001 to 2013. He was a member of the Republican Party. Born in New York City, Akin grew up in the Greater St. Louis area. After receiving his bachelor's degree from Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Massachusetts, Akin served in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and worked in the computer and steel industries. In 1988, he was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives. He served in the state house until 2000, when he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, in which he served until 2013.
2. Dan Petrescu, Romanian businessman and billionaire (b. 1953) deaths
  1. Dan Petrescu (businessman)
    
    Dan Petrescu was a Romanian businessman and billionaire, among the richest people in Romania. Born in 1953 in Bucharest, Petrescu studied at the Politehnica University of Bucharest. After graduating, Petrescu married his wife Regina Dorotea Petrescu Balzat, with whom he had a son, Dan Ștefan Petrescu, and emigrated to West Germany. There, he met who would be his economic partner for years, Ion Țiriac, another Romanian businessman. They were involved in several businesses together and returned to Romania following the Romanian Revolution.
2015
1. Denis Healey, English soldier and politician, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer (b. 1917) deaths
  1. Denis Healey
    
    Denis Winston Healey, Baron Healey, was a British Labour politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1974 to 1979 and as Secretary of State for Defence from 1964 to 1970; he remains the longest-serving Defence Secretary to date. He was a Member of Parliament from 1952 to 1992, and was Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1980 to 1983. To the public at large, Healey became well known for his bushy eyebrows, his avuncular manner and his creative turns of phrase.
  2. Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
    
    The Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in the British Parliamentary system is the member of the Shadow Cabinet who is responsible for shadowing the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The title is given at the gift of the Leader of the Opposition and has no formal constitutional role, but is generally considered the second-most senior position on the opposition frontbench, after the Leader. Past Shadow Chancellors include Harold Wilson, James Callaghan, Edward Heath, Geoffrey Howe, Ken Clarke, Gordon Brown, and John McDonnell.
2. Muhammad Nawaz Khan, Pakistani historian and author (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Muhammad Nawaz Khan (writer)
    
    Major (Retd.) Muhammad Nawaz Khan, was a Pakistani writer, historian, columnist, and poet of the English, Pashto and Urdu languages. His work had mostly been focused on history of the Pashtuns, the Gandhara civilization and the British legacy in Pakistan.
3. Javed Iqbal, Pakistani philosopher and judge (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Javed Iqbal (judge, born 1924)
    
    Senior Justice Javed Iqbal was a Pakistani philosopher and senior justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan. He was internationally known for his acclaimed publications on philosophy of law and modern Islamic philosophy in international and national journals.
2014
1. Ewen Gilmour, New Zealand comedian and television host (b. 1963) deaths
  1. Ewen Gilmour
    
    David Ewen Gilmour, commonly known as Ewen Gilmour, was a New Zealand comedian and television presenter. Usually sporting long brown hair with a goatee and wearing a jacket and jeans, he was a self-described Westie.
2. Benedict Groeschel, American priest, psychologist, and talk show host (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Benedict Groeschel
    
    Benedict Joseph Groeschel, C.F.R. was an American Franciscan friar, Catholic priest, retreat master, author, psychologist, activist, and television host. He hosted the television talk program Sunday Night Prime broadcast on the Eternal Word Television Network, as well as several serial religious specials.
3. Jean-Jacques Marcel, French footballer (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Jean-Jacques Marcel
    
    Jean-Jacques Marcel was a French international footballer who played midfielder. He was an integral part of the French national teams of the 1950s.
4. Kevin Metheny, American businessman (b. 1954) deaths
  1. Kevin Metheny
    
    Kevin Metheny was an American radio and cable network executive who began his career as on-air talent and went on to direct programming and audience research at many radio stations and in a number of broadcast conglomerates. During the 1980s, Metheny helped develop cable entertainment networks MTV and VH1 as vice-president in charge of Music Programming and Production; he later served as vice-president of VH1 before returning to broadcast radio.
5. Ward Ruyslinck, Belgian author (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Ward Ruyslinck
    
    Raymond De Belser, pseudonym Ward Ruyslinck, was a Belgian writer. He is the son of Leo De Belser and Germaine Nauwelaers. His father was a librarian at an oil company, and Ward Ruyslinck grew up in a Roman Catholic family. During the Second World War, the family moved to Mortsel.
2013
1. Sari Abacha, Nigerian footballer (b. 1978) deaths
  1. Sari Abacha
    
    Sanni Sari Abacha was a Nigerian football defender who played for Kwara United F.C. The cause of death is unknown
2. Sergei Belov, Russian basketball player and coach (b. 1944) deaths
  1. Sergei Belov
    
    Sergei Alexandrovich Belov was a Russian professional basketball player, most noted for playing for CSKA Moscow and the senior Soviet Union national basketball team. He is considered to be one of the best European basketball players of all time, and was given the honour of lighting the Olympic Cauldron with the Olympic flame during the 1980 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, in Moscow.
3. Joan Thirsk, English cryptologist, historian, and academic (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Joan Thirsk
    
    Irene Joan Thirsk, was a British economic and social historian, specialising in the history of agriculture. She was the leading British early modern agrarian historian of her era, as well as an important social and economic historian. Her work highlighted the regional differences in agricultural practices in England. She also had an interest in food history and local English history, in particular of Hadlow, Kent.
2012
1. Abdul Haq Ansari, Indian theologian and scholar (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Abdul Haq Ansari
    
    Muhammad Abdul Haq Ansari was an Islamic scholar from India. He was the Amir (president) of Jamaat-e-Islami Hind (JIH) from 2003 to 2007. He was the member of Central Advisory Council of Jamaat-e-Islami Hind. He was also the Chancellor of Al Jamia Al Islamia, Shantapuram, Kerala. His book Sufism and Shariah is a synthesis of Sufi and Shariah thought, especially a Tatbiq of Shaikh Ahmed Sir Hindi and Shah Waliullah's thought. It grew out of his in-depth engagement with kalam, tasawwuf and fiqh in Islamic history. His other major contributions are a book on Mishkawah's philosophy and an English translation of Ibn Taymiyyah's fatwas with an introduction. He also wrote 'Learning the Language of Quran' it is one of the best English guides for the beginners learning to read the Qur'an. In New Delhi he established the Islami Academy, aimed at training graduates from secular educational background in Islamic Sciences based on the madrasa curriculum.
2. Robert F. Christy, American physicist and astrophysicist (b. 1916) deaths
  1. Robert F. Christy
    
    Robert Frederick Christy was a Canadian-American theoretical physicist and later astrophysicist who was one of the last surviving people to have worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He briefly served as acting president of California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
3. Albie Roles, English footballer (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Albie Roles
    
    Albert James "Albie" Roles was an English footballer who played as a full back for Southampton. His career was interrupted by the Second World War and, as a result, he only made one Football League and four FA Cup appearances.
2010
1. Ben Mondor, Canadian-American businessman (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Ben Mondor
    
    Bernard Georges "Ben" Mondor was a Canadian-born American business executive and baseball executive, best known as the owner of the Pawtucket Red Sox from 1977 until his death.
2. Abraham Sarmiento, Filipino lawyer and jurist (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Abraham Sarmiento
    
    Abraham F. Sarmiento Sr. was a Filipino jurist who served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines from 1987 to 1991. An active figure in the political opposition against the martial law government of President Ferdinand Marcos, he was appointed to the Court by Marcos' successor, President Corazon Aquino.
2009
1. Vladimir Beekman, Estonian poet and translator (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Vladimir Beekman
    
    Vladimir Beekman was an Estonian writer, poet and translator.
2007
1. M. N. Vijayan, Indian journalist, author, and academic (b. 1930) deaths
  1. M. N. Vijayan
    
    Moolayil Narayana Menon Vijayan, popularly known as Vijayan Mash was an Indian academic, orator, columnist and writer of Malayalam literature. Known for his leftist ideals and oratorical skills, Vijayan was the president of the Purogamana Kala Sahitya Sangham and served as the editor of Deshabhimani. He published a number of books of which Chithayile Velicham received the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Literary Criticism in 1982.
2006
1. Lucilla Andrews, Egyptian-Scottish nurse and author (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Lucilla Andrews
    
    Lucilla Matthew Andrews Crichton was a British writer of 33 romance novels from 1954 to 1996. As Lucilla Andrews she specialised in hospital romances, and under the pen names Diana Gordon and Joanna Marcus wrote mystery romances.
2. John Crank, English mathematician and physicist (b. 1916) deaths
  1. John Crank
    
    John Crank was a mathematical physicist, best known for his work on the numerical solution of partial differential equations.
3. Peter Norman, Australian runner (b. 1942) deaths
  1. Peter Norman
    
    Peter George Norman was an Australian track athlete. He won the silver medal in the 200 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, with a time of 20.06 seconds. This remains an Oceanian record. He was a five-time national 200-metres champion.
4. Alberto Ramento, Filipino bishop (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Alberto Ramento
    
    Alberto Ramento y Baldovino was the ninth Supreme Bishop and former Chairperson of the Supreme Council of Bishops of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (IFI).
2005
1. Ronnie Barker, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Ronnie Barker
    
    Ronald William George Barker was an English actor, comedian and writer. He was known for roles in British comedy television series such as Porridge, The Two Ronnies, and Open All Hours.
2. Nurettin Ersin, Turkish general (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Nurettin Ersin
    
    Nurettin Ersin was a Turkish general. He was the Commander of the 6th Corps during the 1974 invasion of Cyprus, and the Commander of the Turkish Army during the 1980 military coup. After the coup he was a member of the Presidential Council, and was Chief of the General Staff of Turkey in the second half of 1983.
2004
1. Noah Schnapp, American actor births
  1. Noah Schnapp
    
    Noah Cameron Schnapp is an American actor. He gained recognition for playing Will Byers in the Netflix science fiction horror series Stranger Things. His film roles include Roger Donovan in Steven Spielberg's historical drama Bridge of Spies (2015) and the voice of Charlie Brown in the animated The Peanuts Movie (2015).
2. John Cerutti, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1960) deaths
  1. John Cerutti
    
    John Joseph Cerutti was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball for the Toronto Blue Jays and Detroit Tigers between 1985 and 1991, and was later a broadcaster for the Blue Jays.
3. Janet Leigh, American actress (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Janet Leigh
    
    Jeanette Helen Morrison, known professionally as Janet Leigh, was an American actress, singer, dancer, and author. Her career spanned over five decades. Raised in Stockton, California, by working-class parents, Leigh was discovered at 18 by actress Norma Shearer, who helped her secure a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
2003
1. Florence Stanley, American actress (b. 1924) deaths
  1. Florence Stanley
    
    Florence Stanley was an American actress of stage, film, and television. She is best known for her roles in Barney Miller (1975–1977) and its spinoff Fish (1977-1978), My Two Dads (1987–1990), and Nurses (1991–1994), and the voice of Wilhelmina Bertha Packard in the franchise of Atlantis: The Lost Empire.
2. William Steig, American sculptor, author, and illustrator (b. 1907) deaths
  1. William Steig
    
    William Steig was an American cartoonist, illustrator and writer of children's books, best known for the picture book Shrek!, which inspired the film series of the same name, as well as others that included Sylvester and the Magic Pebble, Abel's Island, and Doctor De Soto. He was the U.S. nominee for both of the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Awards, as a children's book illustrator in 1982 and a writer in 1988.
2002
1. Bruce Paltrow, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Bruce Paltrow
    
    Bruce Weigert Paltrow was an American television and film director and producer. He was the husband of actress Blythe Danner, and the father of actress Gwyneth Paltrow and screenwriter/director Jake Paltrow.
2001
1. Costas Hajihristos, Greek actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Kostas Hatzichristos
    
    Kostas Hatzichristos or Costas Hajihristos was a Greek actor.
2000
1. Benjamin Orr, American singer-songwriter and bass player (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Benjamin Orr
    
    Benjamin Orzechowski, known professionally as Benjamin Orr, was an American musician best known as the bassist, co-lead vocalist, and co-founder of the rock band The Cars. He sang lead vocals on several of their best known songs, including "Just What I Needed", "Let's Go" and "Drive". He also had a moderate solo hit with "Stay the Night".
1999
1. Akio Morita, Japanese businessman, co-founded Sony (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Akio Morita
    
    Akio Morita was a Japanese businessman and co-founder of Sony along with Masaru Ibuka.
  2. Sony
    
    Sony Group Corporation , commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional electronic products, the largest video game console company and the largest video game publisher. Through Sony Entertainment Inc, it is one of the largest music companies and the third largest film studio, making it one of the most comprehensive media companies. It is the largest technology and media conglomerate in Japan. It is also recognized as the most cash-rich Japanese company, with net cash reserves of ¥2 trillion.
1998
1. Roddy McDowall, English-American actor (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Roddy McDowall
    
    Roderick Andrew Anthony Jude McDowall was a British actor, photographer and film director. He began his acting career as a child in England, and then in the United States, in How Green Was My Valley (1941), My Friend Flicka (1943) and Lassie Come Home (1943). As an adult, McDowall appeared most frequently as a character actor on radio, stage, film, and television. For portraying Octavian in the historical drama Cleopatra (1963), he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. He played Cornelius and Caesar in the original Planet of the Apes film series, as well as Galen in the spin-off television series.
1997
1. Jin Boyang, Chinese figure skater births
  1. Jin Boyang
    
    Jin Boyang is a Chinese figure skater. He is a two-time World bronze medalist (2016–2017), the 2018 Four Continents champion, a two-time Four Continents silver medalist, the 2017 Asian Winter Games silver medalist, and a six-time Chinese national champion. On the junior level, he is the 2015 World Junior silver medalist and the 2013 JGP Final champion. He is the first Chinese skater to medal in the men's singles at the World Figure Skating Championships.
2. Michael Adekunle Ajasin, Nigerian politician, 3rd Governor of Ondo State (b. 1908) deaths
  1. Michael Adekunle Ajasin
    
    Michael Adekunle Ajasin Listen(28 November 1908 – 3 October 1997) was a Nigerian politician who served as governor of Ondo State from October 1979 to October 1983 on the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) platform during the Nigerian Second Republic.
  2. List of governors of Ondo State
    
    This is a list of governors and administrators of Ondo State. Ondo State was created from part of Western State on 17 March 1976.
1995
1. Lil Tracy, American rapper births
  1. Lil Tracy
    
    Jazz Ishmael Butler, professionally known as Lil Tracy, is an American rapper and singer. He was also known under the name Yung Bruh during the beginning of his career. Tracy is best known for his collaborations with the late rapper Lil Peep, specifically "Awful Things" which peaked at 79 on the Billboard Hot 100, and for being a prominent member of the "SoundCloud rap" and underground rap scene.
2. Ma. Po. Si., Indian author and politician (b. 1906) deaths
  1. M. P. Sivagnanam
    
    Mylai Ponnuswamy Sivagnanam, popularly known as Ma.Po.Si., was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, and the founder of the political party Tamil Arasu Kazhagam. He wrote more than 100 books.
1994
1. Victoria Bosio, Argentinian tennis player births
  1. Victoria Bosio
    
    Victoria Bosio is an Argentine tennis player.
2. John C. Champion, American producer and screenwriter (b. 1923) deaths
  1. John C. Champion
    
    John C. Champion was an American producer and screenwriter.
3. Dub Taylor, American actor (b. 1907) deaths
  1. Dub Taylor
    
    Walter Clarence Taylor, Jr., known professionally as Dub Taylor, was an American character actor who from the 1940s into the 1990s worked extensively in films and on television, often in Westerns but also in comedies. He is the father of actor and painter Buck Taylor.
1993
1. Raffaele Di Gennaro, Italian footballer births
  1. Raffaele Di Gennaro
    
    Raffaele Di Gennaro is an Italian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Serie C Group B club Gubbio.
2. Katerina Gogou, Greek actress, poet, and author (b. 1940) deaths
  1. Katerina Gogou
    
    Katerina Gogou was a Greek poet, author and actress.
3. Gary Gordon, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1960) deaths
  1. Gary Gordon
    
    Gary Ivan Gordon was a master sergeant in the United States Army and a recipient of the Medal of Honor. At the time of his death, he was a non-commissioned officer in the United States Army's premier special operations unit, the 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment-Delta (1SFOD-D), or "Delta Force". Together with his comrade, Sergeant First Class Randy Shughart, Gordon was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Mogadishu in October 1993.
  2. Medal of Honor
    
    The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the president of the United States, but as it is presented "in the name of the United States Congress", it is sometimes erroneously referred to as the "Congressional Medal of Honor".
4. Randy Shughart, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1958) deaths
  1. Randy Shughart
    
    Randall David Shughart was a United States Army Delta Force operator who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Mogadishu, during Operation Gothic Serpent in October 1993.
  2. Medal of Honor
    
    The Medal of Honor (MOH) is the United States Armed Forces' highest military decoration and is awarded to recognize American soldiers, sailors, marines, airmen, guardians and coast guardsmen who have distinguished themselves by acts of valor. The medal is normally awarded by the president of the United States, but as it is presented "in the name of the United States Congress", it is sometimes erroneously referred to as the "Congressional Medal of Honor".
1991
1. Jenny McLoughlin, English sprinter births
  1. Jenny McLoughlin
    
    Jenny McLoughlin is a British Paralympian track and field athlete competing mainly in T37 sprint events. She has represented Great Britain in the 2008 Summer Paralympics and in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London. After moving to Wales at the age of 14, she became eligible to join the Wales team for the Commonwealth Games, winning silver in the T37 sprint in India.
2. Aki Takajo, Japanese singer births
  1. Aki Takajo
    
    Aki Takajo is a Japanese tarento who is a former member of the idol groups AKB48 and JKT48. She auditioned for AKB48's sixth generation and was promoted to member of Team A. Her talent agency is Is.Field and was one of the charter members to support JKT48. She is also a former member of the sub-unit French Kiss.
1990
1. Johan Le Bon, French cyclist births
  1. Johan Le Bon
    
    Johan Le Bon is a French road bicycle racer, who currently rides for French amateur team Dinan Sport Cycling.
2. Stefano Casiraghi, Italian-Monegasque businessman (b. 1960) deaths
  1. Stefano Casiraghi
    
    Stefano Casiraghi was an Italian offshore powerboat racer, socialite, and businessman. He was the second husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco; he died during a racing accident defending his 1990 Class 1 World Powerboat Championship title.
3. Eleanor Steber, American soprano and educator (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Eleanor Steber
    
    Eleanor Steber was an American operatic soprano. Steber is noted as one of the first major opera stars to have achieved the highest success with training and a career based in the United States.
1989
1. Nate Montana, American football player births
  1. Nate Montana
    
    Nathaniel Joseph Montana is a former American football quarterback. After walking-on at Notre Dame as a freshman in 2008, he transferred to Pasadena City College in 2009, went back to Notre Dame in 2010, transferred to Montana in 2011, and finally transferred to West Virginia Wesleyan in 2012. Montana is the son of Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Montana.
2. Alex Trimble, Irish singer births
  1. Two Door Cinema Club
    
    Two Door Cinema Club are a band from Bangor, Northern Ireland. The band formed in 2007 and is composed of three members: Alex Trimble, Sam Halliday, and Kevin Baird.
1988
1. Alicia Vikander, Swedish actress births
  1. Alicia Vikander
    
    Alicia Amanda Vikander is a Swedish actress. She is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award and a Critics' Choice Movie Award, as well as receiving nominations for two Golden Globe Awards and three British Academy Film Awards.
2. Dustin Gazley, American ice hockey player births
  1. Dustin Gazley
    
    Dustin Gazley is an American professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing for HC Bolzano having last played for EC Red Bull Salzburg in the Erste Bank Eishockey Liga (EBEL).
3. ASAP Rocky, American rapper and songwriter births
  1. ASAP Rocky
    
    Rakim Athelaston Mayers, known professionally as ASAP Rocky, is an American rapper, music producer and record executive. Born and raised in Harlem, he embarked on his musical career as a member of the hip hop collective ASAP Mob, from which he adopted his moniker. In August 2011, Rocky's single "Peso" was leaked online and within weeks began receiving radio airplay. Rocky released his debut mixtape Live. Love. A$AP, later that year to widespread critical acclaim. The success of what is considered his breakout project led to a joint venture record deal with Polo Grounds Music, RCA Records, and Sony Music Entertainment.
4. Franz Josef Strauss, Bavarian lieutenant and politician, Minister President of Bavaria (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Franz Josef Strauss
    
    Franz Josef Strauss was a German politician. He was the long-time chairman of the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU) from 1961 until 1988, member of the federal cabinet in different positions between 1953 and 1969 and minister-president of the state of Bavaria from 1978 until 1988. Strauss is also credited as a co-founder of European aerospace conglomerate Airbus.
  2. List of ministers-president of Bavaria
    
    Below is a list of the men who have served in the capacity of Minister-President or equivalent office in the German state of Bavaria from the 17th century to the present.
1987
1. Robert Grabarz, English high jumper births
  1. Robbie Grabarz
    
    Robert Karl Grabarz is a former British high jumper active during the 2010s, with his greatest success coming between 2012 and 2017. He was the 2012 European champion, and won a shared silver medal in the 2012 Olympics, which was upgraded from bronze after disqualification of the original winner, Ivan Ukhov of Russia, for doping in 2021. He won the Diamond League in 2014.
2. Martin Plowman, English race car driver births
  1. Martin Plowman
    
    Martin Plowman is a British professional racing driver from Tamworth currently competing in the British GT Championship for Paddock Motorsport, which he co-founded with Kelvin Fletcher. In 2013, he won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the LMP2 class and was 2013 FIA WEC World Champion in the LMP2 class for drivers and teams.
3. Starley, Australian pop singer births
  1. Starley (singer)
    
    Starley Hope is an Australian singer and songwriter. She is best known for her 2016 debut single "Call on Me".
4. Jean Anouilh, French playwright and screenwriter (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Jean Anouilh
    
    Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh was a French dramatist whose career spanned five decades. Though his work ranged from high drama to absurdist farce, Anouilh is best known for his 1944 play Antigone, an adaptation of Sophocles' classical drama, that was seen as an attack on Marshal Pétain's Vichy government. His plays are less experimental than those of his contemporaries, having clearly organized plot and eloquent dialogue. One of France's most prolific writers after World War II, much of Anouilh's work deals with themes of maintaining integrity in a world of moral compromise.
5. Kalervo Palsa, Finnish painter (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Kalervo Palsa
    
    Huugo Kalervo Palsa, known as Kalle, was a Finnish artist whose style has been described as fantastic realism.
1986
1. Lewis Brown, New Zealand rugby league player births
  1. Lewis Brown (rugby league)
    
    Lewis Brown, also known by the nickname of "Sharky", is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s, who played for the New Zealand Warriors, Penrith Panthers and Manly Warringah Sea Eagles in the National Rugby League. He primarily played at second-row, but could also fill in at centre or hooker.
2. Jackson Martínez, Colombian footballer births
  1. Jackson Martínez
    
    Jackson Arley Martínez Valencia is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a striker.
3. Vince DiMaggio, American baseball player and manager (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Vince DiMaggio
    
    Vincent Paul DiMaggio was an American Major League Baseball center fielder. During a 10-year baseball career, he played for the Boston Bees (1937–1938), Cincinnati Reds (1939–1940), Pittsburgh Pirates (1940–1945), Philadelphia Phillies (1945–1946), and New York Giants (1946). DiMaggio was the oldest brother of Joe and Dom DiMaggio.
1985
1. Courtney Lee, American basketball player births
  1. Courtney Lee
    
    Courtney Lee is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball at Western Kentucky University.
1984
1. Yoon Eun-hye, South Korean singer and actress births
  1. Yoon Eun-hye
    
    Yoon Eun-hye is a South Korean actress, singer, entertainer and model. She debuted as a member of girl group Baby Vox, staying with the group from 1999 to 2005. Yoon has since moved on to acting and is best known for starring in the television dramas Princess Hours (2006), The Vineyard Man (2006), Coffee Prince (2007), My Fair Lady (2009) Lie to Me (2011) and Missing You (2012).
2. Bruno Gervais, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Bruno Gervais
    
    Bruno Gervais is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He played with the New York Islanders, Tampa Bay Lightning and the Philadelphia Flyers in the National Hockey League (NHL).
3. Jessica Parker Kennedy, Canadian actress births
  1. Jessica Parker Kennedy
    
    Jessica Parker Kennedy is a Canadian actress. She played Melissa Glaser on the CW series The Secret Circle, Max on the Starz original series Black Sails and Nora West-Allen / XS on The Flash, and has also appeared on the television series Smallville, Undercovers, Kaya and Colony.
4. Anthony Le Tallec, French footballer births
  1. Anthony Le Tallec
    
    Anthony Le Tallec is a French former professional footballer who played as a forward or an attacking midfielder for Liverpool, Sochaux, and Annecy FC.
5. Ashlee Simpson, American singer-songwriter and actress births
  1. Ashlee Simpson
    
    Ashley Nicolle Ross, known professionally as Ashlee Simpson, is an American singer and actress. The younger sister of singer and actress Jessica Simpson, she began her career as a back-up dancer for her sister and appeared in television commercials at the age of 15. She later pursued a career as an actress and had a main role on the family drama 7th Heaven. She appeared on the reality show Newlyweds: Nick and Jessica, broadcast on MTV between 2003 and 2005, which focused on Ashlee's older sister Jessica and Jessica's then-husband Nick Lachey. While working on her debut studio album, Simpson became the star of a spin-off reality series, The Ashlee Simpson Show, which was broadcast on MTV between 2004 and 2005. Like her sister before her, Simpson became the center of considerable media attention.
1983
1. Fred, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Fred (footballer, born 1983)
    
    Frederico Chaves Guedes, also known as Fred, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a striker.
2. Thiago Alves, Brazilian mixed martial artist births
  1. Thiago Alves (fighter)
    
    Thiago Alves d'Araujo is a Brazilian bare-knuckle fighter and former mixed martial artist. A 27-fight veteran of the Ultimate Fighting Championship, he competed in the promotion from 2005 until 2019. Aside from being a professional fighter, Alves has been a striking coach at the American Top Team since 2017.
3. Andreas Papathanasiou, Cypriot footballer births
  1. Andreas Papathanasiou
    
    Andreas Papathanasiou is a Cypriot footballer who plays for Ermis Aradippou.
4. Tessa Thompson, American actress births
  1. Tessa Thompson
    
    Tessa Lynne Thompson is an American actress. She began her professional acting career with the Los Angeles Women's Shakespeare Company while studying at Santa Monica College. She appeared in productions of The Tempest and Romeo and Juliet, the latter of which earned her a NAACP Theatre Award nomination. Her breakthrough came with leading roles in Tina Mabry's independent drama film Mississippi Damned (2009) and Tyler Perry's For Colored Girls (2010), an adaptation of the 1976 play of the same name.
1981
1. Danny Coid, English footballer births
  1. Danny Coid
    
    Daniel John Coid is an English former professional footballer.
2. Zlatan Ibrahimović, Swedish footballer births
  1. Zlatan Ibrahimović
    
    Zlatan Ibrahimović is a Swedish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club AC Milan and the Sweden national team. Ibrahimović is renowned for his acrobatic strikes and volleys, powerful long-range shots, and excellent technique and ball control. He is regarded as one of the greatest strikers of all time and is one of the most decorated active footballers in the world, having won 34 trophies in his career. He has scored over 570 career goals, including more than 500 club goals, and has scored in each of the last four decades.
3. Andreas Isaksson, Swedish footballer births
  1. Andreas Isaksson
    
    Jan Andreas Isaksson is a Swedish former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
4. Jonna Lee, Swedish singer and musician births
  1. Jonna Lee (singer)
    
    Jonna Emily Lee is a Swedish singer, songwriter, record producer and visual director. Lee is the creator and artist of audiovisual online project iamamiwhoami who since 2009 have released their audiovisual series online, gathering a huge online following. Since her first solo album, she has collaborated with music producer and artist Claes Björklund who is also a member of iamamiwhoami. In 2017, Lee started using the moniker ionnalee for her new solo project. In February 2018 she released her debut solo album, Everyone Afraid to Be Forgotten. With the album she also created her own world tour co funded by her fans via Kickstarter. The tour sold out their venues all over the world during 2018. ionnalee remixed Moby's "The Ceremony of Innocence" which was released in December 2018, and in February, her sophomore solo album Remember the Future was announced with the release date 31 May 2019.
5. Ronald Rauhe, German kayaker births
  1. Ronald Rauhe
    
    Ronald Rauhe is a German sprint canoeist who has competed since 1997. Competing in six Summer Olympics, he won a complete set of medals in the K-2 500 m event. Rauhe has won 16 world championship gold medals, the most by a male kayaker; now with 26 World medals, in 2011 he exceeded the 20 of his compatriot, Torsten Gutsche.
6. Matt Sparrow, English footballer births
  1. Matt Sparrow
    
    Matthew Ronald Sparrow is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder
7. Anna Hedvig Büll, Estonian-German missionary (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Anna Hedvig Büll
    
    Anna Hedvig Büll was a Baltic German missionary from Estonia, who helped to save the lives of several thousand Armenian orphans during the Armenian genocide.
1980
1. Anquan Boldin, American football player births
  1. Anquan Boldin
    
    Anquan Kenmile Boldin Sr. is a former American football wide receiver who played 14 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Florida State University and was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the second round of the 2003 NFL draft. He also played for the Baltimore Ravens, San Francisco 49ers and Detroit Lions.
2. Sheldon Brookbank, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Sheldon Brookbank
    
    Sheldon W. Brookbank is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was the assistant coach of the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) under Jeremy Colliton.
3. Lindsey Kelk, English journalist and author births
  1. Lindsey Kelk
    
    Lindsey Kelk is a bestselling British author, journalist and formerly worked as a children's book editor. She was initially signed up to a three-book deal by publishers HarperCollins following the submission of a manuscript for her first novel. To date, she has published 17 adult books and is also the author of the children's book series, Cinders and Sparks. She lives in Los Angeles, California.
4. Danny O'Donoghue, Irish singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. Danny O'Donoghue
    
    Daniel John Mark Luke O'Donoghue is an Irish singer-songwriter best known for being the frontman of the Irish rock band The Script and as a coach on the first two series of the television singing talent show The Voice UK. He was earlier a member of the Irish boy band Mytown.
5. Héctor Reynoso, Mexican footballer births
  1. Héctor Reynoso
    
    Héctor Reynoso López is a Mexican former professional footballer who played as a centre-back.
6. Ivan Turina, Croatian footballer (d. 2013) births
  1. Ivan Turina
    
    Ivan Turina was a Croatian footballer who played at both professional and international levels as a goalkeeper.
7. Friedrich Karm, Estonian footballer (b. 1907) deaths
  1. Friedrich Karm
    
    Friedrich Karm was an Estonian international footballer who scored 9 goals in 13 games for the Estonian national side. He was also a bandy player.
1979
1. Josh Klinghoffer, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer births
  1. Josh Klinghoffer
    
    Josh Adam Klinghoffer is an American musician best known for being the guitarist for the rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers from 2009 to 2019, with whom he recorded two studio albums, I'm with You (2011) and The Getaway (2016), and the b-sides compilation, I'm Beside You (2013). Klinghoffer took the place of his friend and frequent collaborator John Frusciante in 2009, after a period as a touring member. Klinghoffer was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2012, becoming the Hall of Fame's youngest-ever living inductee at the time, at age 32, passing Stevie Wonder, who was 38 when he was inducted.
2. John Morrison, American wrestler and actor births
  1. John Morrison (wrestler)
    
    John Randall Hennigan is an American professional wrestler and actor, better known by the ring name John Morrison. He is best known for his time in WWE, Impact Wrestling and Lucha Underground. Hennigan currently makes appearances for Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide as Johnny Caballero, as well as the independent circuit under various ring names.
3. Nicos Poulantzas, Greek-French sociologist and philosopher (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Nicos Poulantzas
    
    Nicos Poulantzas was a Greek-French Marxist political sociologist and philosopher. In the 1970s, Poulantzas was known, along with Louis Althusser, as a leading structural Marxist; while at first a Leninist, he eventually became a proponent of democratic socialism. He is best known for his theoretical work on the state, but he also offered Marxist contributions to the analysis of fascism, social class in the contemporary world, and the collapse of dictatorships in Southern Europe in the 1970s.
1978
1. Gerald Asamoah, Ghanaian-German footballer births
  1. Gerald Asamoah
    
    Gerald Asamoah is a German football manager and former professional player who works as the first-team manager of Schalke 04.
2. Neil Clement, English footballer births
  1. Neil Clement
    
    Neil Clement is an English former professional footballer who spent the majority of his career playing for West Bromwich Albion. He participated in a club record three promotions. His customary position was in defence, but he was also a versatile player who occupied several different positions for Albion. He was also known as a set piece specialist, having scored several goals from free-kicks and penalties. Later in his career, Clement was affected by knee injuries and was forced to retire in January 2010.
3. Claudio Pizarro, Peruvian footballer births
  1. Claudio Pizarro
    
    Claudio Miguel Pizarro Bosio is a Peruvian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He is currently serving as Club Ambassador for Bayern Munich. He was captain of Peru's national football team, being its fifth highest scorer. He is widely considered as the greatest representative of Peruvian football in Europe. He is the highest scorer and most successful Latin American football player in the history of German football. He is the all-time top scorer of SV Werder Bremen, the ninth top scorer in the history of Bayern Munich and the sixth top scorer in the history of the Bundesliga and its second top scorer in the 21st century. He is also among the 20 top scorers in the history of UEFA club competitions and is the seventh highest South American scorer in European football history.
4. Jake Shears, American singer-songwriter births
  1. Jake Shears
    
    Jake Shears is an American singer and songwriter. He is best known as the male lead singer of pop-rock band Scissor Sisters.
1977
1. Daniel Hollie, American wrestler births
  1. Daniel Hollie
    
    Daniel Richard Hollie is an American retired professional wrestler. Hollie is best known for his appearances with World Wrestling Entertainment between 2003 and 2006 under the ring name Danny Basham, and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name Damaja.
2. Eric Munson, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Eric Munson
    
    Eric Walter Munson is a former Major League Baseball catcher and current minor-league baseball coach. He was the third overall pick in the 1999 Major League Baseball draft by the Detroit Tigers, behind Josh Hamilton and Josh Beckett.
3. Luca Tognozzi, Italian footballer births
  1. Luca Tognozzi
    
    Luca Tognozzi is a former Italian footballer who played as a midfielder.
1976
1. Herman Li, Hong Kong-English guitarist and producer births
  1. Herman Li
    
    Herman Li is a Hong Kong-born British musician who is one of two lead guitarists for the power metal band DragonForce. Li has played with the band based in England since it was formed in 1999 by Li along with Sam Totman. Before DragonForce he was in the black metal band Demoniac.
2. Seann William Scott, American actor and producer births
  1. Seann William Scott
    
    Seann William Scott is an American actor. He is known for his role as Steve Stifler in the American Pie franchise, and also for his role as Doug Glatt in both Goon and Goon: Last of the Enforcers. He has also appeared in films Dude, Where's My Car? (2000), Final Destination (2000), Road Trip (2000), Evolution (2001), The Dukes of Hazzard (2005), Mr. Woodcock (2007) and Role Models (2008). He has voiced Crash in four Ice Age animated feature films and two Ice Age television specials. Scott portrayed former CIA operative Wesley Cole in Fox's crime-drama television series Lethal Weapon (2018–19). Films in which Scott has starred have earned $4.91 billion at the global box office as of 2017.
1975
1. India Arie, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress births
  1. India Arie
    
    India Arie Simpson, also known as India Arie, is an American singer and songwriter. She has sold over five million records in the US and ten million worldwide. She has won four Grammy Awards from her 23 nominations, including Best R&B Album.
2. Phil Greening, English rugby player and coach births
  1. Phil Greening
    
    Phil Greening is a former English rugby union footballer. Greening finished his rugby career with London Wasps in 2005. During his career he earned 24 caps for England, as well as going to Australia with the British and Irish Lions in 2001.
3. Satoko Ishimine, Japanese singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Satoko Ishimine
    
    Satoko Ishimine is a Japanese female singer-songwriter. She rose to fame in 1992 when she won the grand prix of the 16th annual Nagasaki Singing Festival at the age of 16, which resulted in her receiving a recording contract with Toshiba EMI.
1974
1. Mike Johnson, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster births
  1. Mike Johnson (ice hockey)
    
    Michael Paul Johnson is a Canadian former professional ice hockey right winger who played in the NHL for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Tampa Bay Lightning, Phoenix Coyotes, Montreal Canadiens and the St. Louis Blues.
2. Marianne Timmer, Dutch speed skater births
  1. Marianne Timmer
    
    Maria Aaltje ("Marianne") Timmer is a Dutch former speed skater specializing in the middle distances. At the 1998 Winter Olympics Timmer won a gold medal in both these events.
1973
1. Angélica Gavaldón, American-Mexican tennis player and coach births
  1. Angélica Gavaldón
    
    Angélica Gavaldón Loaiza is a Mexican retired tennis player.
2. Lena Headey, British actress births
  1. Lena Headey
    
    Lena Kathren Headey is a British actress. She gained international recognition and acclaim for her portrayal of Cersei Lannister on the HBO epic fantasy drama series Game of Thrones (2011–2019), for which she received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations and a Golden Globe Award nomination, and Queen Gorgo in 300 (2006).
3. Eirik Hegdal, Norwegian saxophonist and composer births
  1. Eirik Hegdal
    
    Eirik Hegdal is a Norwegian Jazz musician (saxophone), composer, arranger and music teacher, known from the band Dingobats (1995-2005) and as leader of Trondheim Jazz Orchestra.
1972
1. Komla Dumor, Ghanaian-English journalist (d. 2014) births
  1. Komla Dumor
    
    Komla Afeke Dumor was a Ghanaian journalist who worked for BBC World News and was the main presenter of its programme Focus on Africa.
2. G. Love, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and harmonica player births
  1. G. Love
    
    Garrett Dutton, better known as G. Love, is an American singer, rapper and musician best known as the frontman for the band G. Love & Special Sauce.
3. Guy Oseary, Israeli-American talent manager and businessman births
  1. Guy Oseary
    
    Guy Harley Oseary is an Israeli-American talent manager and writer. His clients include Madonna, U2 and the Red Hot Chili Peppers.
1971
1. Wil Cordero, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach births
  1. Wil Cordero
    
    Wilfredo Cordero Nieva is a former shortstop, first baseman, and outfielder in Major League Baseball. He was best known as a member of the Montreal Expos. Cordero made his Major League Baseball debut in 1992 and last played in 2005. In addition to the Expos, Cordero played for the Boston Red Sox (1996–1997), Chicago White Sox (1998), Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates (2000), Florida Marlins (2004), and Washington Nationals (2005). He batted and threw right-handed.
2. Kevin Richardson, American singer-songwriter and actor births
  1. Kevin Richardson (musician)
    
    Kevin Scott Richardson is an American singer, best known as a member of the vocal group the Backstreet Boys. Richardson was inducted into the Kentucky Music Hall of Fame with his cousin and bandmate Brian Littrell in 2015.
1970
1. Elmar Liitmaa, Estonian guitarist and songwriter births
  1. Terminaator
    
    Terminaator is an Estonian rock group formed in 1987 by Arno Veimer and Jaagup Kreem in Tallinn 10. High School. Kreem was in the 7th grade then. The first public performance was in Tallinn 47. High School in the schoolbands' festival. The first time in the studio was in 1989. First songs "Charleen" and "Meeletu maailm" were recorded in 1991. They found wider fame in 1992, when they won the festival of young bands Rock In. They have also performed in Latvia, Lithuania and Finland, although they have not had much success outside of Estonia. On the Estonian television show "7 vaprat", Terminaator have appeared playing their songs "Ainult sina võid mu maailma muuta", "Juulikuu lumi", "See ei ole saladus", and "Portselanist tüdruk".
2. Jimmy Ray, English singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Jimmy Ray
    
    James Ray, known professionally by his stage name Jimmy Ray, is an English singer, songwriter and musician.
1969
1. Garry Herbert, English rower and sportscaster births
  1. Garry Herbert
    
    Garry Gerard Paul Herbert is an Olympic gold medal-winning cox. He steered the British coxed pair to victory in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics and the 1993 World Rowing Championships.
2. Gwen Stefani, American singer-songwriter, actress, and fashion designer births
  1. Gwen Stefani
    
    Gwen Renée Stefani is an American singer, songwriter, fashion designer and actress. She is a co-founder, lead vocalist, and the primary songwriter of the band No Doubt, whose singles include "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", and "Don't Speak", from their 1995 breakthrough studio album Tragic Kingdom, as well as "Hey Baby" and "It's My Life" from later albums.
3. Tetsuya, Japanese singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer births
  1. Tetsuya (musician)
    
    Tetsuya is a Japanese musician, best known as the leader and bassist of the rock band L'Arc-en-Ciel. He was formerly known by the stage name tetsu and he started using his birth name professionally on December 1, 2009. While in L'Arc-en-Ciel his name is styled as tetsuya, whereas in his solo work it is styled as TETSUYA.
4. Skip James, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1902) deaths
  1. Skip James
    
    Nehemiah Curtis "Skip" James was an American Delta blues singer, guitarist, pianist and songwriter. AllMusic stated: "This emotional, lyrical performer was a talented blues guitarist and arranger with an impressive body of work."
1968
1. Paul Crichton, English footballer and manager births
  1. Paul Crichton
    
    Paul Andrew Crichton is an English football coach and former footballer.
2. Greg Foster, American basketball player and coach births
  1. Greg Foster (basketball)
    
    Gregory Clinton Foster is an American professional basketball coach and former player who last served as assistant coach for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).
3. Marko Rajamäki, Finnish footballer and manager births
  1. Marko Rajamäki
    
    Marko Rajamäki is a Swedish-born Finnish football former player and current manager of TPS. He managed Turun Palloseura between 2010 and 2014. Previously he managed the club's under-18 team and was also the assistant manager of the senior team in 2009. Rajamäki is himself a former Finnish international footballer.
4. Donald Sild, Estonian javelin thrower births
  1. Donald Sild
    
    Donald-Aik Sild is a retired male javelin thrower from Estonia.
1967
1. Rob Liefeld, American author and illustrator births
  1. Rob Liefeld
    
    Robert Liefeld is an American comic book creator. A prominent writer and artist in the 1990s, he is known for co-creating the character Cable with writer Louise Simonson and the character Deadpool with writer Fabian Nicieza. In the early 1990s, Liefeld gained popularity due to his work on Marvel Comics' The New Mutants and later X-Force. In 1992, he and several other popular Marvel illustrators left the company to found Image Comics, which started a wave of comic books owned by their creators rather than by publishers. The first book published by Image Comics was Liefeld's Youngblood #1.
2. Chris Collingwood, English-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Chris Collingwood
    
    Chris Collingwood is an American singer, songwriter, and artist. He is best known as the former lead vocalist and founding member of the power pop band Fountains of Wayne.
3. Woody Guthrie, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Woody Guthrie
    
    Woodrow Wilson Guthrie was an American singer-songwriter, one of the most significant figures in American folk music. His work focused on themes of American socialism and anti-fascism. He has inspired several generations both politically and musically with songs such as "This Land Is Your Land", written in response to the American exceptionalist song "God Bless America".
4. Malcolm Sargent, English organist, composer, and conductor (b. 1895) deaths
  1. Malcolm Sargent
    
    Sir Harold Malcolm Watts Sargent was an English conductor, organist and composer widely regarded as Britain's leading conductor of choral works. The musical ensembles with which he was associated included the Ballets Russes, the Huddersfield Choral Society, the Royal Choral Society, the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, and the London Philharmonic, Hallé, Liverpool Philharmonic, BBC Symphony and Royal Philharmonic orchestras. Sargent was held in high esteem by choirs and instrumental soloists, but because of his high standards and a statement that he made in a 1936 interview disputing musicians' rights to tenure, his relationship with orchestral players was often uneasy. Despite this, he was co-founder of the London Philharmonic, was the first conductor of the Liverpool Philharmonic as a full-time ensemble, and played an important part in saving the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra from disbandment in the 1960s.
1966
1. Darrin Fletcher, American baseball player and sportscaster births
  1. Darrin Fletcher
    
    Darrin Glen Fletcher is an American former professional baseball catcher and sports commentator. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1989 to 2002 for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies, Montreal Expos, and Toronto Blue Jays.
2. Rolf Maximilian Sievert, Swedish physicist and academic (b. 1896) deaths
  1. Rolf Maximilian Sievert
    
    Rolf Maximilian Sievert was a Swedish medical physicist whose major contribution was in the study of the biological effects of ionizing radiation.
1965
1. Annemarie Verstappen, Dutch swimmer births
  1. Annemarie Verstappen
    
    Anna Maria Theodora Petra "Annemarie" Verstappen is a female former freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands.
2. Jan-Ove Waldner, Swedish table tennis player births
  1. Jan-Ove Waldner
    
    Jan-Ove Waldner, in Sweden commonly J-O Waldner (Swedish: [ˈjiː uː], is a Swedish former table tennis player. He is often referred to as "the Mozart of table tennis." A sporting legend in his native Sweden as well as in China, he is known in China as 老瓦 Lǎo Wǎ or 常青树 Cháng Qīng Shù, because of his extraordinary longevity and competitiveness. As of July 2021, he is the only person to win an Olympic table tennis gold medal representing a non-Asian country.
3. Zachary Scott, American actor (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Zachary Scott
    
    Zachary Scott was an American actor who was known for his roles as villains and "mystery men".
1964
1. Clive Owen, English actor births
  1. Clive Owen
    
    Clive Owen is an English actor. He first gained recognition in the United Kingdom for playing the lead role in the ITV series Chancer from 1990 to 1991. He received critical acclaim for his work in the film Close My Eyes (1991) before earning international attention for his performance as a struggling writer in Croupier (1998). In 2005, he won a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award and was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance in the drama Closer (2004).
1963
1. Benny Anders, American basketball player births
  1. Benny Anders
    
    Benny Michael Anders is an American former basketball player. Anders was a leader on the Guy Lewis-coached Houston Cougars teams during the early 1980s. The team featured a set of players called the Phi Slama Jama basketball fraternity that included Hakeem Olajuwon, Clyde Drexler, Michael Young, Alvin Franklin, Reid Gettys, Larry Micheaux and Anders.
2. Dan Goldie, American tennis player births
  1. Dan Goldie
    
    Daniel C. Goldie is a former tennis player from the United States who won 2 singles and 2 doubles titles. The right-hander reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon in 1989 where he beat Kelly Evernden, Jimmy Connors, Wally Masur and Slobodan Živojinović before losing to Ivan Lendl. He achieved a career-high ATP singles ranking of World No. 27 in April 1989. Before turning pro, Goldie played tennis for Stanford University, where he won the 1986 National Singles Championship before graduating with a degree in Economics.
3. Refet Bele, Turkish general (b. 1877) deaths
  1. Refet Bele
    
    Refet Bele, also known as Refet Bey or Refet Pasha was a Turkish military commander. He served in the Ottoman Army and the Turkish Army, where he retired as a general.
1962
1. Tommy Lee, Greek-American singer-songwriter, drummer, and producer births
  1. Tommy Lee
    
    Thomas Lee Bass is an American musician and founding member of the heavy metal band Mötley Crüe. As well as being the band's long-term drummer, Lee founded rap metal band Methods of Mayhem and has pursued solo musical projects.
2. Simon Scarrow, Nigerian-English novelist births
  1. Simon Scarrow
    
    Simon Scarrow is a British author. Scarrow completed a master's degree at the University of East Anglia after working at the Inland Revenue, and then went into teaching as a lecturer, firstly at East Norfolk Sixth Form College, then at City College Norwich.
1961
1. Rebecca Stephens, English journalist and mountaineer births
  1. Rebecca Stephens (climber)
    
    Rebecca Stephens is a British author, journalist, and motivational speaker, known for being the first British woman to climb the Seven Summits and as the first British woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest. She is a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and a professor at Hult International Business School's Ashridge Executive Education program.
2. Ludger Stühlmeyer, German cantor, composer, and musicologist births
  1. Ludger Stühlmeyer
    
    Ludger Stühlmeyer is a German cantor, composer, docent and musicologist.
1959
1. Craig Bellamy, Australian rugby league player and coach births
  1. Craig Bellamy (rugby league)
    
    Craig Bellamy is an Australian professional rugby league football coach who is the head coach of the Melbourne Storm in the NRL, and a former professional rugby league footballer. He is known as one of the greatest coaches in NRL history.
2. Fred Couples, American golfer births
  1. Fred Couples
    
    Frederick Steven Couples is an American professional golfer who has competed on the PGA Tour and the PGA Tour Champions. A former World No. 1, he has won 64 professional tournaments, most notably the Masters Tournament in 1992, and the Players Championship in 1984 and 1996.
3. Greg Proops, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter births
  1. Greg Proops
    
    Gregory Everett "Greg" Proops is an American actor, stand-up comedian and television host. He is widely known for his guest appearances on the U.K. and U.S. versions of Whose Line Is It Anyway?. He has also voiced the titular character on the U.S. version of Bob the Builder.
4. Jack Wagner, American actor and singer births
  1. Jack Wagner (actor)
    
    Peter John Wagner II is an American actor and singer who has appeared in roles on the soap operas General Hospital, Santa Barbara, The Bold and the Beautiful, and Melrose Place.
5. Tochigiyama Moriya, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 27th Yokozuna (b. 1892) deaths
  1. Tochigiyama Moriya
    
    Tochigiyama Moriya was a Japanese professional sumo wrestler. He was the sport's 27th yokozuna from 1918 until 1925. Generally he is considered one of the pioneers of modern sumo. He remains the lightest yokozuna in the history of the sport with a weight of 104 kg.
  2. Makuuchi
    
    Makuuchi (幕内), or makunouchi (幕の内), is the top division of the six divisions of professional sumo. Its size is fixed at 42 wrestlers (rikishi), ordered into five ranks according to their ability as defined by their performance in previous tournaments.
1958
1. Chen Yanyin, Chinese sculptor births
  1. Chen Yanyin
    
    Chen Yanyin is a Chinese sculptor whose work was featured in the Chinese Fine Arts Chronicle, 2008. Her work was also part of "Between Ego and Society: An Exhibition of Contemporary Female Artists in China" at the Chicago Cultural Center.
2. Louise Lecavalier, Canadian dancer and choreographer births
  1. Louise Lecavalier
    
    Louise Lecavalier OC is a Canadian dancer known as one of the icons of Canadian contemporary dance.
1957
1. Roberto Azevêdo, Brazilian engineer and diplomat, 6th Director-General of the World Trade Organization births
  1. Roberto Azevêdo
    
    Roberto Carvalho de Azevêdo is a Brazilian career diplomat who served as Director-General of the World Trade Organization (WTO) from 2013 until 2020. Since 2020, he has been Executive Vice President and Director of Corporate Affairs at PepsiCo.
  2. Director-General of the World Trade Organization
    
    The director-general of the World Trade Organization is the officer of the World Trade Organization (WTO) responsible for supervising and directing the organization's administrative operations. Since the World Trade Organization's decisions are made by member states, either through a Ministerial Conference or through the General Council, the director-general has little power over matters of policy – the role is primarily advisory and managerial in nature. The director-general supervises the WTO secretariat of about 700 staff and is appointed by WTO members for a term of four years.
2. Tim Westwood, English radio and television host births
  1. Tim Westwood
    
    Timothy Westwood is a British DJ and presenter. He is often referred to by other DJs and artists appearing on his shows simply as Westwood. He was described by The Guardian in 2022 as "a veteran of the hip-hop scene whose opinions have been able to make or break upcoming artists for more than 30 years". He hosted the Radio 1 rap show and presented the MTV UK show Pimp My Ride UK. In 2013, he left Radio 1 and 1Xtra after nearly twenty years and returned to Capital Radio. Investigations by the BBC and The Guardian into Westwood's sexual conduct found seven women who accused Westwood of sexual violence, as described in the BBC Three documentary Tim Westwood: Abuse of Power.
1956
1. Hart Bochner, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Hart Bochner
    
    Hart Matthew Bochner is a Canadian actor, film director, screenwriter and producer. He has appeared in films such as Breaking Away (1979), Terror Train (1980), Rich and Famous (1981), The Wild Life (1984), Making Mr. Right (1987), Die Hard (1988), Apartment Zero (1988), Mr. Destiny (1990), Mad at the Moon (1992), Break Up (1998), Liberty Stands Still (2002) and Spread (2009). On television, he has starred in War and Remembrance (1988–89), Children of the Dust (1995), Baby for Sale (2004), The Starter Wife (2008) and Scandal (2015).
1955
1. Moshe Kam, American engineering educator births
  1. Moshe Kam
    
    Moshe Kam is an American engineering educator presently serving as the dean of the Newark College of Engineering at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Until August 2014 he served as the Robert G. Quinn Professor and department head of electrical and computer engineering at Drexel University. In 2011, he served concurrently as the 49th president and CEO of IEEE. Earlier he was IEEE's vice president for educational activities (2005–2007) and IEEE's representative director to the accreditation body ABET. Kam is known for his studies of decision fusion and distributed detection, which focus on computationally feasible fusion rules for multi-sensor systems.
2. John S. Lesmeister, American educator and politician, 30th North Dakota State Treasurer (d. 2006) births
  1. John S. Lesmeister
    
    John Steven Lesmeister was a North Dakota politician who served as the 30th North Dakota State Treasurer from 1981 to 1984.
  2. North Dakota State Treasurer
    
    The North Dakota State Treasurer is a political office in North Dakota. The treasurer's duty is to assure sound financial oversight and absolute safety of all public funds collected, managed, and disbursed. The Office of the State Treasurer is separated into five divisions: Administration, Investments, Accounting, Tax Distributions, and Cash Management. The state treasurer is Thomas Beadle, who was elected on November 3, 2020, and took office on January 1, 2021.
3. Allen Woody, American bass player and songwriter (d. 2000) births
  1. Allen Woody
    
    Douglas Allen Woody was an American bass guitarist best known for his eight-year tenure in the Allman Brothers Band and as a co-founder of Gov't Mule.
4. Buket Uzuner, Turkish author births
  1. Buket Uzuner
    
    Buket Uzuner is a Turkish writer, author of novels, short stories, and travelogues. She studied biology and environmental science and has conducted research and presented lectures at universities in Turkey, Norway, the United States, and Finland. Her works have been translated into eight languages: Spanish, English, Italian, Greek, Romanian, Hebrew, Korean, and Bulgarian.
1954
1. Eddie DeGarmo, American singer-songwriter, keyboard player, and producer births
  1. Eddie DeGarmo
    
    Eddie DeGarmo is an American contemporary Christian music recording artist, keyboardist, producer and singer. He became best friends with guitarist/lead vocalist Dana Key in first grade, and co-founded the Christian rock group DeGarmo and Key with him in 1978. DeGarmo played keyboards and provided vocals for the band.
2. Dennis Eckersley, American baseball player and sportscaster births
  1. Dennis Eckersley
    
    Dennis Lee Eckersley, nicknamed "Eck", is an American professional baseball pitcher and former color commentator. Between 1975 and 1998, he pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs, Oakland Athletics, and St. Louis Cardinals. Eckersley had success as a starter, but gained his greatest fame as a closer, becoming the first of two pitchers in major league history to have both a 20-win season and a 50-save season in a career.
3. Al Sharpton, American minister, talk show host, and political activist births
  1. Al Sharpton
    
    Alfred Charles Sharpton Jr. is an American civil rights activist, Baptist minister, talk show host and politician. Sharpton is the founder of the National Action Network. In 2004, he was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. presidential election. He hosts his own radio talk show, Keepin' It Real, and he makes frequent appearances on cable news television. In 2011, he was named the host of MSNBC's PoliticsNation, a nightly talk show. In 2015, the program was shifted to Sunday mornings. In October 2020, PoliticsNation was rescheduled to Saturdays and Sundays, airing at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time both days.
4. Stevie Ray Vaughan, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1990) births
  1. Stevie Ray Vaughan
    
    Stephen Ray Vaughan was an American musician, best known as the guitarist and frontman of the blues rock trio Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble. Although his mainstream career spanned only seven years, he is regarded as one of the most influential musicians in the history of blues music, and one of the greatest guitarists of all time.
1953
1. Arnold Bax, English composer and poet (b. 1883) deaths
  1. Arnold Bax
    
    Sir Arnold Edward Trevor Bax, was an English composer, poet, and author. His prolific output includes songs, choral music, chamber pieces, and solo piano works, but he is best known for his orchestral music. In addition to a series of symphonic poems, he wrote seven symphonies and was for a time widely regarded as the leading British symphonist.
1952
1. Bruce Arians, American football coach births
  1. Bruce Arians
    
    Bruce Charles Arians is an American football executive and former coach in the National Football League (NFL). Since 2022, he has been a senior football consultant for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Arians was previously the head coach of the Arizona Cardinals from 2013 to 2017 and the Buccaneers from 2019 to 2021. He was also the interim head coach of the Indianapolis Colts during the 2012 season. Arians is known for his slogan "No risk-it, no biscuit," which encourages aggressive playcalling.
2. Gary Troup, New Zealand cricketer births
  1. Gary Troup
    
    Gary Bertram Troup is a New Zealand former cricketer and local politician who played 15 Tests and 22 One Day Internationals for New Zealand.
1951
1. Keb' Mo', American blues musician and songwriter births
  1. Keb' Mo'
    
    Kevin Roosevelt Moore, known as Keb' Mo', is an American blues musician and five-time Grammy Award winner. He is a singer, guitarist, and songwriter, living in Nashville, Tennessee. He has been described as "a living link to the seminal Delta blues that travelled up the Mississippi River and across the expanse of America." His post-modern blues style is influenced by many eras and genres, including folk, rock, jazz, pop and country. The moniker "Keb Mo" was coined by his original drummer, Quentin Dennard, and picked up by his record label as a "street talk" abbreviation of his given name.
2. Kathryn D. Sullivan, American geologist and astronaut births
  1. Kathryn D. Sullivan
    
    Kathryn Dwyer Sullivan is an American geologist, oceanographer, and a former NASA astronaut and US Navy officer. She was a crew member on three Space Shuttle missions.
3. Dave Winfield, American baseball player and sportscaster births
  1. Dave Winfield
    
    David Mark Winfield is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder. He is the special assistant to the executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association. Over his 22-year career, he played for six teams: the San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, California Angels, Toronto Blue Jays, Minnesota Twins, and Cleveland Indians. He had the winning hit in the 1992 World Series with the Blue Jays over the Atlanta Braves.
1950
1. Ronnie Laws, American jazz, R&B, and funk saxophone player births
  1. Ronnie Laws
    
    Ronald Wayne Laws is an American jazz, jazz fusion and smooth jazz saxophonist, and singer. He is the younger brother of jazz flutist Hubert Laws, jazz vocalist Eloise Laws and the older brother of Debra Laws.
1949
1. Lindsey Buckingham, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Lindsey Buckingham
    
    Lindsey Adams Buckingham is an American musician and record producer, best known as the lead guitarist and male lead vocalist of the band Fleetwood Mac from 1975 to 1987 and 1997 to 2018. In addition to his tenure with Fleetwood Mac, Buckingham has released seven solo studio albums and three live albums. As a member of Fleetwood Mac, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. Buckingham was ranked 100th in Rolling Stone's 2011 list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time". Buckingham is known for his fingerpicking guitar style.
2. J. P. Dutta, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. J. P. Dutta
    
    Jyoti Prakash Dutta is an Indian Bollywood film producer, writer and director, best known for making patriotic action war films.
3. Aleksandr Rogozhkin, Russian director and screenwriter births
  1. Aleksandr Rogozhkin
    
    Aleksandr Vladimirovich Rogozhkin was a Russian film director and writer.
4. Laurie Simmons, American photographer and director births
  1. Laurie Simmons
    
    Laurie Simmons is an American artist, photographer and filmmaker. Since the mid-1970s, Simmons has staged scenes for her camera with dolls, ventriloquist dummies, objects on legs, and people, to create photographs that reference domestic scenes. She is part of The Pictures Generation, a name given to a group of artists who came to prominence in the 1970s. The Pictures Generation also includes Cindy Sherman, Barbara Kruger, and Louise Lawler.
1947
1. John Perry Barlow, American poet, songwriter, blogger, and activist (d. 2018) births
  1. John Perry Barlow
    
    John Perry Barlow was an American poet, essayist, cattle rancher, and cyberlibertarian political activist who had been associated with both the Democratic and Republican parties. He was also a lyricist for the Grateful Dead, a founding member of the Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Freedom of the Press Foundation, and an early fellow at Harvard University's Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society.
2. Ben Cauley, American trumpet player and songwriter (d. 2015) births
  1. Ben Cauley
    
    Ben S. Cauley, Jr. was an American trumpet player, vocalist, songwriter, and founding member of the Stax recording group the Bar-Kays. He was the only survivor of the 1967 plane crash that claimed the lives of soul singer Otis Redding and four members of the Bar-Kays.
3. Fred DeLuca, American businessman (d. 2015) births
  1. Fred DeLuca
    
    Frederick Adrian DeLuca was an American businessman, who was the co-founder and president of the Subway franchise of fast food restaurants with Peter Buck. During his tenure, Subway grew into the largest franchise in the world.
4. Anne Dorte of Rosenborg (d. 2014) births
  1. Countess Anne Dorte of Rosenborg
    
    Countess Anne Dorte of Rosenborg was a Danish countess. She was the wife of Count Christian of Rosenborg, the grandson of King Christian X of Denmark. Prince Christian had to give up his princely rank in order to marry her because she was a commoner. The couple married on 7 February 1971, earning her the title Her Excellency Countess Anne Dorte of Rosenborg.
5. Takis Michalos, Greek water polo player and coach (d. 2010) births
  1. Takis Michalos
    
    Panagiotis "Takis" Michalos was a Greek water polo player and coach. He was born in Ampelokipoi, Athens.
1946
1. P. P. Arnold, American soul singer births
  1. P. P. Arnold
    
    Patricia Ann Cole, known professionally as P. P. Arnold, is an American soul singer. Arnold began her career as an Ikette with the Ike & Tina Turner Revue in 1965. The following year she relocated to London to pursue a solo career. Arnold enjoyed considerable success in the United Kingdom with her singles "The First Cut Is the Deepest" (1967) and "Angel of the Morning" (1968).
1945
1. Tony Brown, English footballer and sportscaster births
  1. Tony Brown (footballer, born 1945)
    
    Anthony Brown is an English former footballer who played as a wing half and an inside forward. He was often referred to by his nickname Bomber or Bomber Brown and was known for his spectacular goals. He joined West Bromwich Albion as a youth in 1961 and turned professional in 1963. In the late 1960s and early 1970s Brown was part of an Albion team that built a reputation as a successful cup side, winning the 1966 Football League Cup Final and the 1968 FA Cup Final and finishing as runners-up in the League Cup in 1967 and 1970. He was the top scorer in Division One in 1970–71 and received his only England cap at the end of that season.
2. Christopher Bruce, English dancer and choreographer births
  1. Christopher Bruce
    
    Christopher Bruce is a British choreographer and performer. He was the Artistic Director of the Rambert Dance Company until 2002.
3. Jo Ritzen, Dutch economist and politician, Dutch Minister of Education births
  1. Jo Ritzen
    
    Jozef Marie Mathias "Jo" Ritzen is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and economist.
  2. Ministry of Education, Culture and Science (Netherlands)
    
    The Ministry of Education, Culture and Science is the Dutch Ministry responsible for education, culture, science, research, gender equality and communications. The Ministry was created in 1918 as the Ministry of Education, Arts and Sciences and had several name changes before it became the Education, Culture and Science in 1994. The Ministry is headed by the Minister of Education, Culture and Science, currently Robbert Dijkgraaf
1944
1. Pierre Deligne, Belgian mathematician and academic births
  1. Pierre Deligne
    
    Pierre René, Viscount Deligne is a Belgian mathematician. He is best known for work on the Weil conjectures, leading to a complete proof in 1973. He is the winner of the 2013 Abel Prize, 2008 Wolf Prize, 1988 Crafoord Prize, and 1978 Fields Medal.
1943
1. Jeff Bingaman, American soldier and politician, 25th Attorney General of New Mexico births
  1. Jeff Bingaman
    
    Jesse Francis "Jeff" Bingaman Jr. is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from New Mexico from 1983 to 2013, for 5 terms. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as Chairman of Committee Outreach for the Senate Democratic Caucus. Previously, Bingaman was Attorney General of New Mexico from 1979 to 1983. On February 18, 2011, he announced that he would not seek reelection in 2012. He was succeeded by Democratic US Representative Martin Heinrich. During his time in the Senate, Bingaman served as the longtime chair of the Senate Energy Committee.
  2. Attorney General of New Mexico
    
    The Attorney General of New Mexico, an elected executive officer of the state, oversees the New Mexico Attorney General's Office and serves as head of the New Mexico Department of Justice.
2. Baki İlkin, Turkish civil servant and diplomat births
  1. Baki İlkin
    
    Baki İlkin is a Turkish diplomat and ambassador who served as the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the United Nations.
1941
1. Chubby Checker, American singer-songwriter births
  1. Chubby Checker
    
    Chubby Checker is an American rock and roll singer and dancer. He is widely known for popularizing many dance styles, including The Twist dance style, with his 1960 hit cover of Hank Ballard & The Midnighters' R&B song "The Twist", and the Pony dance style with the 1961 cover of the song "Pony Time". His biggest UK hit, "Let's Twist Again", was released one year later ; that year, he also popularized the song "Limbo Rock", originally a previous year instrumental hit by the Champs to which he added lyrics, and its trademark Limbo dance, as well as other dance styles such as The Fly. In September 2008, "The Twist" topped Billboard's list of the most popular singles to have appeared in the Hot 100 since its debut in 1960, an honor it maintained for an August 2013 update of the list.
2. Andrea de Adamich, Italian race car driver and sportscaster births
  1. Andrea de Adamich
    
    Andrea Lodovico de Adamich is a former racing driver from Italy. He participated in 34 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, making his debut on 1 January 1968. He scored a total of six championship points. He also participated in numerous non-championship Formula One races.
3. John Elliott, Australian businessman (d. 2021) births
  1. John Elliott (businessman)
    
    John Dorman Elliott was an Australian businessman and state and federal president of the Liberal Party. He had also been president of the Carlton Football Club. He frequently provoked controversy due to his political affiliations, his brushes with the law, and his abrasive personal style.
1940
1. Alan O'Day, American singer-songwriter (d. 2013) births
  1. Alan O'Day
    
    Alan Earle O'Day was an American singer-songwriter, best known for writing and singing "Undercover Angel," a million-selling Gold-certified American No. 1 hit in 1977. He also wrote songs for many other notable performers, such as 1974's Helen Reddy No. 1 hit "Angie Baby" and the Righteous Brothers' No. 3 Gold hit "Rock and Roll Heaven". In the 1980s he moved from pop music to television, co-writing nearly 100 songs for the Saturday morning Muppet Babies series, and in the 1990s he wrote and performed music on the National Geographic series Really Wild Animals. O'Day also collaborated with Tatsuro Yamashita on a series of popular songs in Japan including "Your Eyes", "Magic Ways", "Christmas Eve" and "Fragile".
2. Jean Ratelle, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Jean Ratelle
    
    Joseph Gilbert Yvon Jean Ratelle is a Canadian former ice hockey player who played for the New York Rangers and Boston Bruins. In twenty-one seasons he averaged almost a point a game and won the Lady Byng Trophy twice in recognition of his great sportsmanship. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985. In 2017 he was named one of the "100 Greatest NHL Players" in history.
3. Mike Troy, American swimmer (d. 2019) births
  1. Mike Troy
    
    Michael Francis Troy was an American competitive swimmer, a two-time Olympic champion, and world record-holder in three events.
1939
1. Bob Armstrong, American wrestler and trainer (d. 2020) births
  1. Bob Armstrong
    
    Joseph Melton James was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, "Bullet" Bob Armstrong. In the course of his career, which spanned five decades, Armstrong held numerous championships throughout the Southeastern United States. His four sons, Joseph Scott, Robert Bradley, Steve and Brian Girard, all became wrestlers.
1938
1. Eddie Cochran, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 1960) births
  1. Eddie Cochran
    
    Ray Edward Cochran was an American rock and roll musician. Cochran's songs, such as "Twenty Flight Rock", "Summertime Blues", "C'mon Everybody" and "Somethin' Else", captured teenage frustration and desire in the mid-1950s and early 1960s. He experimented with multitrack recording, distortion techniques, and overdubbing even on his earliest singles. He played the guitar, piano, bass, and drums. His image as a sharply dressed and attractive young man with a rebellious attitude epitomized the stance of the 1950s rocker, and in death he achieved iconic status.
2. David Hart Dyke, English captain births
  1. David Hart Dyke
    
    Captain David Hart Dyke is a retired Royal Navy officer, former aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II, and former commanding officer of HMS Coventry, which was sunk during the Falklands War.
3. Jack Hodgins, Canadian author and academic births
  1. Jack Hodgins
    
    Jack Hodgins is a Canadian novelist and short story writer. Critically acclaimed, among his best received works is Broken Ground (1998), a historical novel set after the First World War, for which he received the Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize and many other accolades.
4. Dave Obey, American lawyer and politician births
  1. Dave Obey
    
    David Ross Obey is an American lobbyist and former politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Wisconsin's 7th congressional district from 1969 to 2011. The district includes much of the northwestern portion of the state, including Wausau and Superior. He is a member of the Democratic Party, and served as Chairman of the powerful House Committee on Appropriations from 1994 to 1995 and again from 2007 to 2011. He was the longest-serving member ever of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Wisconsin, until surpassed by Jim Sensenbrenner in 2020.
1936
1. Steve Reich, American composer births
  1. Steve Reich
    
    Stephen Michael Reich is an American composer known for his contribution to the development of minimal music in the mid to late 1960s. Reich's work is marked by its use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm, and canons. Reich describes this concept in his essay, "Music as a Gradual Process", by stating, "I am interested in perceptible processes. I want to be able to hear the process happening throughout the sounding music." To do so, his music employs the technique of phase shifting, in which a phrase is slightly altered over time, in a flow that is clearly perceptible to the listener. His innovations include using tape loops to create phasing patterns, as on the early compositions It's Gonna Rain (1965) and Come Out (1966), and the use of simple, audible processes, as on Pendulum Music (1968) and Four Organs (1970). The 1978 recording Music for 18 Musicians would help entrench minimalism as a movement. Reich's work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage, notably Different Trains (1988).
2. John Heisman, American football player and coach (b. 1869) deaths
  1. John Heisman
    
    John William Heisman was a player and coach of American football, baseball, and basketball, as well as a sportswriter and actor. He served as the head football coach at Oberlin College, Buchtel College, Auburn University, Clemson University, Georgia Tech, the University of Pennsylvania, Washington & Jefferson College, and Rice University, compiling a career college football record of 186–70–18.
1935
1. Charles Duke, American general, pilot, and astronaut births
  1. Charles Duke
    
    Charles Moss Duke Jr. is an American former astronaut, United States Air Force (USAF) officer and test pilot. As Lunar Module pilot of Apollo 16 in 1972, he became the tenth and youngest person to walk on the Moon, at age 36 years and 201 days.
2. Armen Dzhigarkhanyan, Soviet Russian-Armenian actor (d. 2020) births
  1. Armen Dzhigarkhanyan
    
    Armen Borisovich Dzhigarkhanyan was a Soviet, Armenian, and Russian actor.
1934
1. Benjamin Boretz, American composer and theorist births
  1. Benjamin Boretz
    
    Benjamin Aaron Boretz is an American composer and music theorist.
2. Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas, Colombian-Dutch painter and illustrator (d. 2015) births
  1. Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas
    
    Miguel-Ángel Cárdenas, also known as Michel Cardena, was a Colombian-Dutch, New Realism and Pop Art painter and a pioneer of video art in the Netherlands. His works cover a variety of artistic media, including painting, drawing, video, photography, object assemblages and digital art.
3. Harold Henning, South African golfer (d. 2004) births
  1. Harold Henning
    
    Harold Henning was a South African professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour.
4. Simon Nicholson, English sculptor and painter (d. 1990) births
  1. Simon Nicholson
    
    Simon Hepworth Nicholson was a British painter and sculptor. He was the son of sculptor Barbara Hepworth and her second husband, artist Ben Nicholson.
1933
1. Neale Fraser, Australian tennis player births
  1. Neale Fraser
    
    Neale Andrew Fraser is a former number one amateur male tennis-player from Australia, born in Melbourne, Victoria, the son of a Victorian judge. Fraser is the last man to have completed the triple crown, i.e. having won the singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles at a Grand Slam tournament, which he managed on two consecutive occasions, in 1959 and 1960 ; no male player has equalled this feat at any Grand Slam tournament since.
1932
1. Terence English, South African-English surgeon and academic births
  1. Terence English
    
    Sir Terence Alexander Hawthorne English is a South African-born British retired cardiac surgeon. He was Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon, Papworth Hospital and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, 1973–1995. After starting a career in mining engineering, English switched to medicine and went on to lead the team that performed Britain's first successful heart transplant in August 1979 at Papworth, and soon established it as one of Europe's leading heart–lung transplant programmes.
1931
1. Glenn Hall, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Glenn Hall
    
    Glenn Henry Hall is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. During his National Hockey League career with the Detroit Red Wings, Chicago Black Hawks, and St. Louis Blues, Hall seldom missed a game and was a consistent performer, winning the Vezina Trophy, which at the time was awarded to the goaltender on the team allowing the fewest goals against, three times, being voted the First team All-Star goaltender a record seven times, and winning the Calder Memorial Trophy as best rookie. Nicknamed "Mr. Goalie", he was the first goaltender to develop and make effective use of the butterfly style of goalkeeping. In 2017 Hall was named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players in history. He is the grandfather of Grant Stevenson.
2. Carl Nielsen, Danish violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1865) deaths
  1. Carl Nielsen
    
    Carl August Nielsen was a Danish composer, conductor and violinist, widely recognized as his country's most prominent composer.
1929
1. Jeanne Eagels, American actress (b. 1894) deaths
  1. Jeanne Eagels
    
    Jeanne Eagels was an American stage and film actress. A former Ziegfeld Girl, Eagels went on to greater fame on Broadway and in the emerging medium of sound films. She was posthumously nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her 1929 role in The Letter after dying suddenly that year at the age of 39.
2. Gustav Stresemann, German politician, Chancellor of Germany, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1878) deaths
  1. Gustav Stresemann
    
    Gustav Ernst Stresemann was a German statesman who served as chancellor in 1923 and as foreign minister from 1923 to 1929, during the Weimar Republic.
  2. Chancellor of Germany
    
    The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the German Armed Forces during wartime. The chancellor is the chief executive of the Federal Cabinet and heads the executive branch. The chancellor is elected by the Bundestag on the proposal of the federal president and without debate.
  3. Nobel Peace Prize
    
    The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".
1928
1. Erik Bruhn, Danish dancer and choreographer (d. 1986) births
  1. Erik Bruhn
    
    Erik Belton Evers Bruhn was a Danish danseur, choreographer, artistic director, actor, and author.
2. Edward L. Moyers, American businessman (d. 2006) births
  1. Edward L. Moyers
    
    Edward L. Moyers, Jr. was an American railroad executive of the 20th century. He served as president and CEO of several railroads including MidSouth Rail, Illinois Central Railroad and Southern Pacific Railroad. In 1995, Railway Age magazine named Moyers its "Railroader of the Year".
3. Shridath Ramphal, Guyanese academic and politician, 2nd Commonwealth Secretary-General births
  1. Shridath Ramphal
    
    Sir Shridath Surendranath Ramphal, often known as Sir Sonny Ramphal, is a Guyanese politician who was the second Commonwealth Secretary-General, holding the position from 1975 to 1990. He was also the foreign minister of Guyana from 1972 to 1975, and assistant attorney general of the West Indies Federation from 1958 to 1962.
  2. Commonwealth Secretary-General
    
    The Commonwealth secretary-general is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment in 1965, and responsible for representing the Commonwealth publicly. The Commonwealth secretary-general should not be confused with the head of the Commonwealth.
1926
1. Gerardo P. Cabochan, Filipino politician (d. 2014) births
  1. Gerardo P. Cabochan
    
    Gerardo "Gerry" Paulino Cabochan was a Filipino lawyer, soldier, storyteller, and politician who served in the House of Representatives of the Philippines from 1987 to 1992 representing the 2nd district of Caloocan City.
1925
1. Simone Segouin (also known as Nicole Minet), French Resistance fighter and partisan births
  1. Simone Segouin
    
    Simone Segouin, also known by her nom de guerre Nicole Minet, is a former French Resistance fighter who served in the Francs-tireurs et partisans group. Among her first acts of resistance was stealing a bicycle from a German female military messenger, which she then used to help carry messages. She went on to take part in large-scale or otherwise perilous missions, such as capturing German troops, derailing trains, and acts of sabotage.
2. Gore Vidal, American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (d. 2012) births
  1. Gore Vidal
    
    Eugene Luther Gore Vidal was an American writer and public intellectual known for his epigrammatic wit, erudition, and patrician manner. Vidal was bisexual, and in his novels and essays interrogated the social and cultural sexual norms he perceived as driving American life. Beyond literature, Vidal was heavily involved in politics. He twice sought office—unsuccessfully—as a Democratic Party candidate, first in 1960 to the U.S. House of Representatives, and later in 1982 to the U.S. Senate.
3. George Wein, American pianist and producer, co-founded the Newport Folk Festival (d. 2021) births
  1. George Wein
    
    George Wein was an American jazz promoter, pianist, and producer. He was the founder of the Newport Jazz Festival, which is held every summer in Newport, Rhode Island. He also co-founded the Newport Folk Festival with Pete Seeger and Theodore Bikel and was instrumental in the founding of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival.
  2. Newport Folk Festival
    
    Newport Folk Festival is an annual American folk-oriented music festival in Newport, Rhode Island, which began in 1959 as a counterpart to the Newport Jazz Festival. It was one of the first modern music festivals in America, and remains a focal point in the expanding genre of folk music. The festival was held annually from 1959 to 1969, except in 1961 and 1962. In 1985, its founder revived it in Newport, where it has been held at Fort Adams State Park ever since.
1924
1. Harvey Kurtzman, American cartoonist (d. 1993) births
  1. Harvey Kurtzman
    
    Harvey Kurtzman was an American cartoonist and editor. His best-known work includes writing and editing the parodic comic book Mad from 1952 until 1956, and writing the Little Annie Fanny strips in Playboy from 1962 until 1988. His work is noted for its satire and parody of popular culture, social critique, and attention to detail. Kurtzman's working method has been likened to that of an auteur, and he expected those who illustrated his stories to follow his layouts strictly.
2. Arkady Vorobyov, Russian weightlifter and coach (d. 2012) births
  1. Arkady Vorobyov
    
    Arkady Nikitich Vorobyov was a Soviet and Russian weightlifter, weightlifting coach, scientist and writer. He competed at the 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympics and won one bronze and two gold medals. Between 1950 and 1960 he set 16 official world records. Later for many years he led the national team and the Soviet weightlifting program. In 1995 he was inducted into the International Weightlifting Federation Hall of Fame.
1923
1. Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican lawyer and politician, 1st Premier of Dominica (d. 2004) births
  1. Edward Oliver LeBlanc
    
    Edward Oliver Le Blanc was a Dominican politician. He served as the chief minister of Dominica from January 1961 to March 1, 1967 and as the first premier of Dominica.
  2. List of heads of government of Dominica
    
    This article lists the heads of government of Dominica.
1921
1. Ray Lindwall, Australian cricketer and soldier (d. 1996) births
  1. Ray Lindwall
    
    Raymond Russell Lindwall was a cricketer who represented Australia in 61 Tests from 1946 to 1960. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest fast bowlers of all time. He also played top-flight rugby league football with St. George, appearing in two grand finals for the club before retiring to fully concentrate on Test cricket.
1919
1. James M. Buchanan, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2013) births
  1. James M. Buchanan
    
    James McGill Buchanan Jr. was an American economist known for his work on public choice theory originally outlined in his most famous work co-authored with Gordon Tullock in 1962, The Calculus of Consent, then developed over decades for which he received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1986. Buchanan's work initiated research on how politicians' and bureaucrats' self-interest, utility maximization, and other non-wealth-maximizing considerations affect their decision-making. He was a member of the Board of Advisors of The Independent Institute as well as of the Institute of Economic Affairs, a member of the Mont Pelerin Society (MPS) and MPS president from 1984 to 1986, a Distinguished Senior Fellow of the Cato Institute, and professor at George Mason University.
  2. Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences
    
    The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, officially the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, is an economics award administered by the Nobel Foundation.
1917
1. Eduardo Di Capua, Neapolitan composer, singer and songwriter (b. 1865) deaths
  1. Eduardo di Capua
    
    Eduardo Di Capua was a Neapolitan composer, singer and songwriter.
1916
1. James Herriot, English veterinarian and author (d. 1995) births
  1. James Herriot
    
    James Alfred Wight, better known by his pen name James Herriot, was a British veterinary surgeon and author.
1915
1. Ray Stark, American film producer (d. 2004) births
  1. Ray Stark
    
    Raymond Otto Stark was one of the most successful and prolific independent film producers in postwar Hollywood. Stark's background as a literary and theatrical agent prepared him to produce some of the most profitable films of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, such as The World of Suzie Wong (1960), West Side Story (1961), The Misfits (1961), Lolita (1962), The Night of the Iguana (1964), Reflections in a Golden Eye (1967), Funny Girl (1968), The Owl and the Pussycat (1970), The Goodbye Girl (1977), The Toy (1982), Annie (1982), and Steel Magnolias (1989).
1912
1. Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax, British peer, Conservative politician (d. 1980) births
  1. Charles Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax
    
    Charles Ingram Courtenay Wood, 2nd Earl of Halifax,, 4th Viscount Halifax of Monk Bretton, 6th Baronet Wood of Barnsley in the County of York, and 2nd Baron Irwin of Kirby Underdale in the County of York, was a British peer, Conservative politician, Lord Lieutenant of Humberside and High Steward of York Minster.
1911
1. Michael Hordern, English actor (d. 1995) births
  1. Michael Hordern
    
    Sir Michael Murray Hordern CBE was an English actor whose career spanned nearly 60 years. He is best known for his Shakespearean roles, especially that of King Lear, which he played to much acclaim on stage in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1969 and London in 1970. He then successfully assumed the role on television five years later. He often appeared in film, rising from a bit part actor in the late 1930s to a member of the main cast; by the time of his death he had appeared in nearly 140 cinema roles. His later work was predominantly in television and radio.
2. Rosetta Jane Birks, Australian suffragist (b. 1856) deaths
  1. Rosetta Jane Birks
    
    Rosetta Jane "Rose" Birks (1856–1911) was a social reformer and philanthropist who played a key role in South Australian women's suffrage.
1910
1. Lucy Hobbs Taylor, American dentist (b. 1833) deaths
  1. Lucy Hobbs Taylor
    
    Lucy Hobbs Taylor was an American school teacher and a dentist, known for being the first woman to graduate from dental school.
1908
1. Johnny Burke, American songwriter (d. 1964) births
  1. Johnny Burke (lyricist)
    
    John Francis Burke was an American lyricist, successful and prolific between the 1920s and 1950s. His work is considered part of the Great American Songbook.
1907
1. Jacob Nash Victor, American engineer (b. 1835) deaths
  1. Jacob Nash Victor
    
    Jacob Nash Victor, son of Henry Clay Victor and Gertrude Nash, was a civil engineer who worked as General Manager of the California Southern Railroad, a subsidiary of Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway. Victor oversaw the construction in the early 1880s of the California Southern between Colton and Barstow, California, including the section that is now one of the busiest rail freight routes in the United States, Cajon Pass.
1906
1. Natalie Savage Carlson, American author (d. 1997) births
  1. Natalie Savage Carlson
    
    Natalie Savage Carlson was a 20th-century American writer of children's books. For her lifetime contribution as a children's writer, she was United States nominee for the biennial, international Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1966.
1905
1. Tekin Arıburun, Turkish soldier and politician, President of Turkey (d. 1993) births
  1. Tekin Arıburun
    
    Mehmet Tekin Arıburun was a Turkish soldier and statesman. He was born in then-Ottoman territory of Ishtib, Kosovo Vilayet. He was the last (Acting) President to be born outside the territory of present-day Turkey.
  2. List of presidents of Turkey
    
    The president of Turkey is the head of state of Turkey. There have been twelve heads of state since the inception of the republican period in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence.
1904
1. Ernst-Günther Schenck, German colonel and physician (d. 1998) births
  1. Ernst-Günther Schenck
    
    Ernst-Günther Schenck was a German medical doctor and member of the SS in Nazi Germany. Because of a chance encounter with Adolf Hitler during the closing days of World War II, his memoirs proved historically valuable. His accounts of this period are prominent in the works of Joachim Fest and James P. O'Donnell regarding the end of Hitler's life, and were included in the film Downfall (2004).
1901
1. Jean Grémillon, French director, composer, and screenwriter (d. 1959) births
  1. Jean Grémillon
    
    Jean Grémillon was a French film director.
1900
1. Thomas Wolfe, American novelist (d. 1938) births
  1. Thomas Wolfe
    
    Thomas Clayton Wolfe was an American novelist of the early 20th century.
1899
1. Gertrude Berg, American actress, screenwriter and producer (d. 1966) births
  1. Gertrude Berg
    
    Gertrude Berg was an American actress, screenwriter and producer. A pioneer of classic radio, she was one of the first women to create, write, produce and star in a long-running hit when she premiered her serial comedy-drama The Rise of the Goldbergs (1929), later known as The Goldbergs. Her career achievements included winning a Tony Award and an Emmy Award, both for Best Lead Actress.
1898
1. Leo McCarey, American director and screenwriter (d. 1969) births
  1. Leo McCarey
    
    Thomas Leo McCarey was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. He was involved in nearly 200 films, the most well known today being Duck Soup, Make Way for Tomorrow, The Awful Truth, Going My Way, The Bells of St. Mary's, My Son John and An Affair To Remember.
2. Adolf Reichwein, German economist and educator (d. 1944) births
  1. Adolf Reichwein
    
    Adolf Reichwein was a German educator, economist, and cultural policymaker for the SPD, who resisted the policies of Nazi Germany.
1897
1. Louis Aragon, French author and poet (d. 1982) births
  1. Louis Aragon
    
    Louis Aragon was a French poet who was one of the leading voices of the surrealist movement in France. He co-founded with André Breton and Philippe Soupault the surrealist review Littérature. He was also a novelist and editor, a long-time member of the Communist Party and a member of the Académie Goncourt. After 1959, he was a frequent nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
1896
1. Auvergne Doherty, Australian businesswoman (d. 1961) births
  1. Auvergne Doherty
    
    Auvergne Mary Doherty, M.A., B.A. was an Australian businesswoman, working in her family's cattle business. She was one of the first nine women called to the bar in England; Doherty was the first Western Australian woman called to the English Bar; she did not go on to practise law in England or Western Australia. Instead, Doherty took over her father's business when he died in 1935.
  2. 1961
    
    1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1961st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 961st year of the 2nd millennium, the 61st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1960s decade.
2. Gerardo Diego, Spanish poet and critic (d. 1987) births
  1. Gerardo Diego
    
    Gerardo Diego Cendoya was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27.
3. William Morris, English author and poet (b. 1834) deaths
  1. William Morris
    
    William Morris was a British textile designer, poet, artist, novelist, architectural conservationist, printer, translator and socialist activist associated with the British Arts and Crafts Movement. He was a major contributor to the revival of traditional British textile arts and methods of production. His literary contributions helped to establish the modern fantasy genre, while he helped win acceptance of socialism in fin de siècle Great Britain.
1895
1. Giovanni Comisso, Italian author and poet (d. 1969) births
  1. Giovanni Comisso
    
    Giovanni Comisso was an important Italian writer of the twentieth century, appreciated by Eugenio Montale, Umberto Saba, Gianfranco Contini and many others.
2. Sergei Yesenin, Russian poet (d. 1925) births
  1. Sergei Yesenin
    
    Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin (Russian: Сергей Александрович Есенин, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪtɕ jɪˈsʲenʲɪn];, sometimes spelled as Esenin, was a Russian lyric poet. He is one of the most popular and well-known Russian poets of the 20th century, known for "his lyrical evocations of and nostalgia for the village life of his childhood – no idyll, presented in all its rawness, with an implied curse on urbanisation and industrialisation."
1894
1. Elmer Robinson, American lawyer and politician, 33rd Mayor of San Francisco (d. 1982) births
  1. Elmer Robinson
    
    Elmer Edwin "Rob-Rob" Robinson was the 33rd mayor of San Francisco, California. A Republican, he served as San Francisco's mayor from January 1948 until January 1956.
  2. Mayor of San Francisco
    
    The mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government. The officeholder has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, the legislative branch. The mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms. Because of San Francisco's status as a consolidated city-county, the mayor also serves as the head of government of the county; both entities have been governed together by a combined set of governing bodies since 1856.
2. Walter Warlimont, German general (d. 1976) births
  1. Walter Warlimont
    
    Walter Warlimont was a German staff officer during World War II. He served as deputy chief of the Operations Staff, one of departments in the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the Armed Forces High Command. Following the war, Warlimont was convicted in the High Command Trial and sentenced to life imprisonment as a war criminal. He was released in 1954.
1891
1. Édouard Lucas, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1842) deaths
  1. Édouard Lucas
    
    François Édouard Anatole Lucas was a French mathematician. Lucas is known for his study of the Fibonacci sequence. The related Lucas sequences and Lucas numbers are named after him.
1890
1. Emilio Portes Gil, Mexican politician, President of Mexico (d. 1978) births
  1. Emilio Portes Gil
    
    Emilio Cándido Portes Gil was President of Mexico from 1928 to 1930, one of three to serve out the six-year term of President-elect General Álvaro Obregón, who had been assassinated in 1928. Since the Mexican Constitution of 1917 forbade re-election of a serving president, incumbent President Plutarco Elías Calles could not formally retain the presidency. Portes Gil replaced him, but Calles, the "Jefe Máximo", retained effective political power during what is known as the Maximato.
  2. President of Mexico
    
    The president of Mexico, officially the president of the United Mexican States, is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Mexican Armed Forces. The current president is Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who took office on 1 December 2018.
2. Joseph Hergenröther, German historian and cardinal (b. 1824) deaths
  1. Joseph Hergenröther
    
    Joseph Hergenröther was a German Church historian and canonist, and the first Cardinal-Prefect of the Vatican Archive.
1889
1. Carl von Ossietzky, German journalist and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1938) births
  1. Carl von Ossietzky
    
    Carl von Ossietzky was a German journalist and pacifist. He was the recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in exposing the clandestine German re-armament.
  2. Nobel Peace Prize
    
    The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".
1888
1. Wade Boteler, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1943) births
  1. Wade Boteler
    
    Wade Boteler was an American film actor and writer. He appeared in more than 430 films between 1919 and 1943.
1886
1. Alain-Fournier, French soldier, author, and critic (d. 1914) births
  1. Alain-Fournier
    
    Alain-Fournier was the pseudonym of Henri-Alban Fournier, a French author and soldier. He was the author of a single novel, Le Grand Meaulnes (1913), which has been filmed twice and is considered a classic of French literature. The book is based partly on his childhood.
1885
1. Sophie Treadwell, American playwright and journalist (d. 1970) births
  1. Sophie Treadwell
    
    Sophie Anita Treadwell was an American playwright and journalist of the first half of the 20th century. She is best known for her play Machinal which is often included in drama anthologies as an example of an expressionist or modernist play. Treadwell wrote dozens of plays, several novels, as well as serial stories and countless articles that appeared in newspapers. In addition to writing plays for the theatre, Treadwell also produced, directed and acted in some of her productions. The styles and subjects of Treadwell's writings are vast, but many present women's issues of her time, subjects of current media coverage, or aspects of Treadwell's Mexican heritage.
1882
1. A. Y. Jackson, Canadian painter and academic (d. 1974) births
  1. A. Y. Jackson
    
    Alexander Young Jackson LL. D. was a Canadian painter and a founding member of the Group of Seven. Jackson made a significant contribution to the development of art in Canada, and was instrumental in bringing together the artists of Montreal and Toronto. He helped found the Group of Seven in 1920. In addition to his work with the Group of Seven, his long career included serving as a war artist during World War I (1917–19) and teaching at the Banff School of Fine Arts, from 1943 to 1949. In his later years he was artist-in-residence at the McMichael Canadian Art Collection in Kleinburg, Ontario.
1881
1. Orson Pratt, American mathematician and religious leader (b. 1811) deaths
  1. Orson Pratt
    
    Orson Pratt Sr. was an American mathematician and religious leader who was an original member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Christ. He became a member of the Quorum of the Twelve of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and was a leading Mormon theologian and writer until his death.
1879
1. Warner Oland, Swedish-American actor and singer (d. 1938) births
  1. Warner Oland
    
    Warner Oland was a Swedish-American actor. His career included time on Broadway and numerous film appearances. He is most remembered for playing several Chinese and Chinese-American characters: Dr. Fu Manchu, Henry Chang in Shanghai Express, and, most notably, Honolulu Police detective Lieutenant Charlie Chan in 16 films.
1877
1. James Roosevelt Bayley, American archbishop (b. 1814) deaths
  1. James Roosevelt Bayley
    
    James Roosevelt Bayley was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as the first Bishop of Newark (1853–1872) and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore (1872–1877).
2. Rómulo Díaz de la Vega, Mexican general and president (1855) (b. 1800) deaths
  1. Rómulo Díaz de la Vega
    
    José María Rómulo Díaz de la Vega Fuentes as commander of the garrison in Mexico City was the de facto president of Mexico in 1855 after the resignation of President Martin Carrera during the revolutionary Plan of Ayutla left a power vacuum.
1875
1. Dr. Atl, Mexican painter (d. 1964) births
  1. Dr. Atl
    
    Gerardo Murillo Cornado, also known by his signature "Dr. Atl", was a Mexican painter and writer. He was actively involved in the Mexican Revolution in the Constitutionalist faction led by Venustiano Carranza. He had ties to the anarchosyndicalist labor organization, the Casa del Obrero Mundial "House of the World Worker."
1873
1. Kintpuash, American tribal leader (b. 1837) deaths
  1. Kintpuash
    
    Kintpuash, also known as Kientpaush, Kientpoos, and Captain Jack, was a chief of the Modoc tribe of California and Oregon. Kintpuash's name in the Modoc language meant 'Strikes the water brashly.'
1869
1. Alfred Flatow, German gymnast (d. 1942) births
  1. Alfred Flatow
    
    Alfred Flatow was a Jewish German gymnast. He competed at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens. He was murdered in the Holocaust.
1867
1. Pierre Bonnard, French painter (d. 1947) births
  1. Pierre Bonnard
    
    Pierre Bonnard was a French painter, illustrator and printmaker, known especially for the stylized decorative qualities of his paintings and his bold use of color. A founding member of the Post-Impressionist group of avant-garde painters Les Nabis, his early work was strongly influenced by the work of Paul Gauguin, as well as the prints of Hokusai and other Japanese artists. Bonnard was a leading figure in the transition from Impressionism to Modernism. He painted landscapes, urban scenes, portraits and intimate domestic scenes, where the backgrounds, colors and painting style usually took precedence over the subject.
2. Elias Howe, American engineer, invented the sewing machine (b. 1819) deaths
  1. Elias Howe
    
    Elias Howe Jr. was an American inventor best known for his creation of the modern lockstitch sewing machine.
  2. Sewing machine
    
    A sewing machine is a machine used to sew fabric and materials together with thread. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies. Since the invention of the first sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas Saint in 1790, the sewing machine has greatly improved the efficiency and productivity of the clothing industry.
1866
1. Josephine Sabel, American singer and comedian (d. 1945) births
  1. Josephine Sabel
    
    Josephine Domingue Sabel was an American singer and comedian, billed as "The Queen of Song" in vaudeville.
1865
1. Gustave Loiseau, French painter (d. 1935) births
  1. Gustave Loiseau
    
    Gustave Loiseau was a French Post-Impressionist painter, remembered above all for his landscapes and scenes of Paris streets.
1863
1. Pyotr Kozlov, Russian archaeologist and explorer (d. 1935) births
  1. Pyotr Kozlov
    
    Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov was a Russian and Soviet traveller and explorer who continued the studies of Nikolai Przhevalsky in Mongolia and Tibet.
1862
1. Johnny Briggs, English cricketer and rugby player (d. 1902) births
  1. Johnny Briggs (cricketer)
    
    Johnny Briggs was an English left arm spin bowler who played for Lancashire County Cricket Club between 1879 and 1900 and remains the second-highest wicket-taker in the county's history after Brian Statham. In the early days of Test cricket, Briggs‘ batting was considered careless, although still very useful. He was the first bowler in Test cricket to take 100 wickets, and held the record of most wickets in Test cricket on two occasions, the first in 1895 and again from 1898 until 1904, when he was succeeded by Hugh Trumble. He toured Australia a record six times, a feat only equalled by Colin Cowdrey.
1860
1. Rembrandt Peale, American painter and curator (b. 1778) deaths
  1. Rembrandt Peale
    
    Rembrandt Peale was an American artist and museum keeper. A prolific portrait painter, he was especially acclaimed for his likenesses of presidents George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. Peale's style was influenced by French Neoclassicism after a stay in Paris in his early thirties.
1858
1. Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (d. 1924) births
  1. Eleonora Duse
    
    Eleonora Giulia Amalia Duse, often known simply as Duse, was an Italian actress, rated by many as the greatest of her time. She performed in many countries, notably in the plays of Gabriele d'Annunzio and Henrik Ibsen. Duse achieved a unique power of conviction and verity on the stage through intense absorption in the character, "eliminating the self" as she put it, and letting the qualities emerge from within, not imposed through artifice.
1848
1. Henry Lerolle, French painter and art collector (d. 1929) births
  1. Henry Lerolle
    
    Henry Lerolle was a French painter, art collector and patron, born in Paris. He studied at Académie Suisse and in the studio of Louis Lamothe.
1846
1. James Jackson Putnam, American neurologist and academic (d. 1918) births
  1. James Jackson Putnam
    
    James Jackson Putnam was an American neurologist.
1838
1. Black Hawk, American tribal leader (b. 1767) deaths
  1. Black Hawk (Sauk leader)
    
    Black Hawk, born Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak, was a Sauk leader and warrior who lived in what is now the Midwestern United States. Although he had inherited an important historic sacred bundle from his father, he was not a hereditary civil chief. Black Hawk earned his status as a war chief or captain by his actions: leading raiding and war parties as a young man and then a band of Sauk warriors during the Black Hawk War of 1832.
1837
1. Nicolás Avellaneda, Argentinian journalist and politician, 8th President of Argentina (d. 1885) births
  1. Nicolás Avellaneda
    
    Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva was an Argentine politician and journalist, and President of Argentina from 1874 to 1880. Avellaneda's main projects while in office were banking and education reform, leading to Argentina's economic growth. The most important events of his government were the Conquest of the Desert and the transformation of the Buenos Aires into a federal district.
  2. President of Argentina
    
    The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
1833
1. François, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat, French general and engineer (b. 1754) deaths
  1. François de Chasseloup-Laubat
    
    François, marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat, French general and military engineer, was born at Saint-Sornin, of a noble family, and entered the French engineers in 1774.
1828
1. Woldemar Bargiel, German composer and educator (d. 1897) births
  1. Woldemar Bargiel
    
    Woldemar Bargiel was a German composer.
1804
1. Townsend Harris, American merchant, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Japan (d. 1878) births
  1. Townsend Harris
    
    Townsend Harris was an American merchant and politician who served as the first United States Consul General to Japan. He negotiated the "Harris Treaty" between the US and Japan and is credited as the diplomat who first opened Shogunate Japan to foreign trade and culture in the Edo period.
  2. List of ambassadors of the United States to Japan
    
    The ambassador of the United States of America to Japan is the ambassador from the United States of America to Japan.
2. Allan Kardec, French author, translator, educator and founder of modern Spiritism (d. 1869) births
  1. Allan Kardec
    
    Allan Kardec is the pen name of the French educator, translator, and author Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail. He is the author of the five books known as the Spiritist Codification, and the founder of Spiritism.
  2. Spiritism
    
    Spiritism is a spiritualist religious and philosophical doctrine established in France in the 1850s by the French teacher, educational writer and translator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail, who, under the pen name Allan Kardec, wrote books on "the nature, origin, and destiny of spirits, and their relation with the corporeal world".
1801
1. Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (b. 1724) deaths
  1. Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur
    
    Philippe Henri, Marquis de Ségur was a grandson of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, nobleman, Marshal of France, and Secretary of State for War under Louis XV and later Louis XVI.
  2. Minister of the Armed Forces (France)
    
    The Minister of the Armed Forces is the leader and most senior official of the French Ministry of the Armed Forces, tasked with running the French Armed Forces. The minister is the third highest civilian having authority over France's military, behind only the President of the Republic and the Prime Minister. Based on the governments, they may be assisted by a minister or state secretary for veterans' affairs.
1800
1. George Bancroft, American historian and politician, 17th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1891) births
  1. George Bancroft
    
    George Bancroft was an American historian, statesman and Democratic politician who was prominent in promoting secondary education both in his home state of Massachusetts and at the national and international levels.
  2. United States Secretary of the Navy
    
    The secretary of the Navy is a statutory officer and the head of the Department of the Navy, a military department within the United States Department of Defense.
1797
1. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1870) births
  1. Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
    
    Leopold II was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1824 to 1859. He married twice; first to Maria Anna of Saxony, and after her death in 1832, to Maria Antonia of the Two-Sicilies. By the latter, he begat his eventual successor, Ferdinand. Leopold was recognised contemporarily as a liberal monarch, authorising the Tuscan Constitution of 1848, and allowing a degree of press freedom.
1795
1. Tula, Curaçao slave leader (date of birth unknown; executed) deaths
  1. Tula (Curaçao)
    
    Tula, also known as Tula Rigaud, was an African man enslaved on the island of Curaçao, in the Dutch West Indies, who liberated himself and led the Curaçao Slave Revolt of 1795. The revolt, which began on 17 August 1795, lasted for more than a month. He was executed on 3 October 1795. He is revered on Curaçao today as a fighter for human rights and independence.
1790
1. John Ross, American tribal chief (d. 1866) births
  1. John Ross (Cherokee chief)
    
    John Ross, , was the Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1828 to 1866; he served longer in that position than any other person. Described as the Moses of his people, Ross influenced the nation through such tumultuous events as the relocation to Indian Territory and the American Civil War.
1720
1. Johann Uz, German poet and judge (d. 1796) births
  1. Johann Uz
    
    Johann Peter Uz was a German poet.
1716
1. Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist and academic (d. 1781) births
  1. Giovanni Battista Beccaria
    
    Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist, was born at Mondovì, and entered the religious Order of the Pious Schools or Piarists, in 1732, where he studied, and afterward taught, grammar and rhetoric. At the same time, he applied himself with success to mathematics.
1713
1. Antoine Dauvergne, French violinist and composer (d. 1797) births
  1. Antoine Dauvergne
    
    Antoine Dauvergne was a French composer and violinist.
1701
1. Joseph Williamson, English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1633) deaths
  1. Joseph Williamson (English politician)
    
    Sir Joseph Williamson, PRS was an English civil servant, diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons of England variously between 1665 and 1701 and in the Irish House of Commons between 1692 and 1699. He was Secretary of State for the Northern Department from 1674 to 1679.
  2. Secretary of State for the Northern Department
    
    The Secretary of State for the Northern Department was a position in the Cabinet of the government of Great Britain up to 1782, when the Northern Department became the Foreign Office.
1690
1. Robert Barclay, Scottish theologian and politician, 2nd Governor of East Jersey (b. 1648) deaths
  1. Robert Barclay
    
    Robert Barclay was a Scottish Quaker, one of the most eminent writers belonging to the Religious Society of Friends and a member of the Clan Barclay. He was a son of Col. David Barclay, Laird of Urie, and his wife, Lady Katherine Barclay. Although he himself never lived there, Barclay was titular governor of the East Jersey colony in North America through most of the 1680s.
  2. List of colonial governors of New Jersey
    
    The territory which would later become the state of New Jersey was settled by Dutch and Swedish colonists in the early seventeenth century. In 1664, at the onset of the Second Anglo-Dutch War, English forces under Richard Nicolls ousted the Dutch from control of New Netherland, and the territory was divided into several newly defined English colonies. Despite one brief year when the Dutch retook the colony (1673–74), New Jersey would remain an English possession until the American colonies declared independence in 1776.
1656
1. Myles Standish, English captain (b. 1584) deaths
  1. Myles Standish
    
    Myles Standish was an English military officer and colonizer. He was hired as military adviser for Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts, United States by the Pilgrims. Standish accompanied the Pilgrims on the ship Mayflower and played a leading role in the administration and defense of Plymouth Colony from its foundation in 1620. On February 17, 1621, the Plymouth Colony militia elected him as its first commander and continued to re-elect him to that position for the remainder of his life. Standish served at various times as an agent of Plymouth Colony on a return trip to England, as assistant governor of the colony, and as its treasurer.
1653
1. Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch linguist and academic (b. 1612) deaths
  1. Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn
    
    Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn was a Dutch scholar. Born in Bergen op Zoom, he was professor at the University of Leiden. He discovered the similarity among Indo-European languages, and supposed the existence of a primitive common language which he called 'Scythian'. He included in his hypothesis Dutch, Greek, Latin, Persian, and German, later adding Slavic, Celtic and Baltic languages. He excluded languages such as Hebrew from his hypothesis. He died in Leiden.
1649
1. Giovanni Diodati, Swiss-Italian clergyman and theologian (b. 1576) deaths
  1. Giovanni Diodati
    
    Giovanni Diodati or Deodati was a Genevan-born Italian Calvinist theologian and translator. His translation of the Bible into Italian from Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Syriac sources became the reference version used by Italian Protestants.
1637
1. George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (d. 1720) births
  1. George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen
    
    George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen, was a Lord Chancellor of Scotland.
  2. Lord Chancellor of Scotland
    
    The Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a Great Officer of State in the Kingdom of Scotland.
1631
1. Sebastian Anton Scherer, German organist and composer (d. 1712) births
  1. Sebastian Anton Scherer
    
    Sebastian Anton Scherer was a German composer and organist of the Baroque era.
1629
1. Giorgi Saakadze, Georgian commander and politician (b. 1570) deaths
  1. Giorgi Saakadze
    
    Giorgi Saakadze the Grand Mouravi was a Georgian politician and military commander who played an important but contradictory role in the politics of the early 17th-century Georgia. He was also known as Grand Mouravi in Georgia, Mūrāv-Beg in Persia and Māūrāv-Hūn or Māġrāv-Bek in the Ottoman Empire for having served as a mouravi of Tbilisi.
1611
1. Charles, Duke of Mayenne (b. 1554) deaths
  1. Charles, Duke of Mayenne
    
    Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, or Charles de Guise, was a French nobleman of the house of Guise and a military leader of the Catholic League, which he headed during the French Wars of Religion, following the assassination of his brothers at Blois in 1588. In 1596, when he made peace with Henry IV of France, the wars were essentially at an end.
1610
1. Gabriel Lalemant, French-Canadian missionary and saint (d. 1649) births
  1. Gabriel Lalemant
    
    Gabriel Lalemant was a French Jesuit missionary in New France beginning in 1646. Caught up in warfare between the Huron and nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, he was killed in St. Ignace by Mohawk warriors and is one of the eight Canadian Martyrs.
1596
1. Florent Chrestien, French poet (b. 1541) deaths
  1. Florent Chrestien
    
    Florent Chrestien was a French satirist and Latin poet.
1568
1. Elisabeth of Valois (b. 1545) deaths
  1. Elisabeth of Valois
    
    Elisabeth of France or Elisabeth of Valois was Queen of Spain as the third spouse of Philip II of Spain. She was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Medici.
1554
1. Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English poet (d. 1628) births
  1. Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke
    
    Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, de jure 13th Baron Latimer and 5th Baron Willoughby de Broke KB PC, known before 1621 as Sir Fulke Greville, was an Elizabethan poet, dramatist, and statesman who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1581 and 1621, when he was raised to the peerage.
1458
1. Saint Casimir, Prince of Poland and Duke of Lithuania (d. 1484) births
  1. Saint Casimir
    
    Casimir Jagiellon was a prince of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Second son of King Casimir IV Jagiellon, he was tutored by Johannes Longinus, a Polish chronicler and diplomat. After his elder brother Vladislaus was elected as King of Bohemia in 1471, Casimir became the heir apparent. At the age of 13, Casimir participated in the failed military campaign to install him as King of Hungary. He became known for his piety, devotion to God, and generosity towards the sick and poor. He became ill and died at the age of 25. He was buried in Vilnius Cathedral and his cult grew. His canonization was initiated by his brother King Sigismund I the Old in 1514 and the tradition holds that he was canonized in 1521.
1399
1. Eleanor de Bohun, English noble (b. 1360) deaths
  1. Eleanor de Bohun
    
    Eleanor de Bohun was the elder daughter and co-heiress, of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341–1373) and Joan Fitzalan, a daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and his second wife Eleanor of Lancaster.
1390
1. Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1447) births
  1. Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
    
    Humphrey of Lancaster, Duke of Gloucester was an English prince, soldier, and literary patron. He was "son, brother and uncle of kings", being the fourth and youngest son of Henry IV of England, the brother of Henry V, and the uncle of Henry VI. Gloucester fought in the Hundred Years' War and acted as Lord Protector of England during the minority of his nephew. A controversial figure, he has been characterised as reckless, unprincipled, and fractious, but is also noted for his intellectual activity and for being the first significant English patron of humanism, in the context of the Renaissance.
1369
1. Margaret, Countess of Tyrol (b. 1318) deaths
  1. Margaret, Countess of Tyrol
    
    Margaret, nicknamed Margarete Maultasch, was the last Countess of Tyrol from the House of Gorizia (Meinhardiner), and an unsuccessful claimant to the Duchy of Carinthia. Upon her death, Tyrol became united with the Austrian hereditary lands of the Habsburg dynasty.
1292
1. Eleanor de Clare, English noblewoman (d. 1337) births
  1. Eleanor de Clare
    
    Eleanor de Clare, suo jure 6th Lady of Glamorgan was a Anglo-Welsh noblewoman who married Hugh Despenser the Younger and was a granddaughter of Edward I of England. With her sisters, Elizabeth de Clare and Margaret de Clare, she inherited her father's estates after the death of her brother, Gilbert de Clare, 8th Earl of Gloucester, 7th Earl of Hereford at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. She was born in 1292 at Caerphilly Castle in Glamorgan, Wales and was the eldest daughter of Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford, 7th Earl of Gloucester, 5th Lord of Glamorgan and Princess Joan of Acre.
1283
1. Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Welsh prince (b. 1238) deaths
  1. Dafydd ap Gruffydd
    
    Dafydd ap Gruffydd was Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282 until his execution on 3 October 1283 on the orders of King Edward I of England. He was the last native Prince of Wales before the conquest of Wales by Edward I in 1283 and English rule in Wales that followed, until Owain Glyndŵr held the title during the Welsh Revolt of 1400–1415.
1226
1. Francis of Assisi, Italian friar and saint (b. 1181 or 1182) deaths
  1. Francis of Assisi
    
    Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi, was a mystic Italian Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most venerated figures in Christianity. He was inspired to lead a life of poverty and itinerant preaching. Pope Gregory IX canonized him on 16 July 1228. He is usually depicted in a robe with a rope as belt.
1078
1. Iziaslav I of Kiev (b. 1024) deaths
  1. Iziaslav I of Kiev
    
    Iziaslav Yaroslavich was a Kniaz' (Prince) of Turov and Grand Prince of Kiev from 1054.
959
1. Gérard of Brogne, Frankish abbot deaths
  1. Gérard of Brogne
    
    Saint Gérard founded Brogne Abbey and reformed eighteen others according to the Benedictine Rule.
  2. Abbot
    
    Abbot is an ecclesiastical title given to the male head of a monastery in various Western religious traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not the head of a monastery. The female equivalent is abbess.
900
1. Muhammad ibn Zayd, Tabaristan emir deaths
  1. Muhammad ibn Zayd
    
    Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Zayd ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismaʿīl ibn al-Ḥasan ibn Zayd, also known as al-Dāʿī al-Ṣaghīr, was an Alid who succeeded his brother, Hasan, as ruler of the Zaydid dynasty of Tabaristan in 884. Little is known of his early life, before coming to Tabaristan after Hasan established Zaydid rule there in 864. He served his brother as a general and governor, and continued his policies after his accession. His reign was troubled by rebellions and wars, most notably by the invasion of Rafi' ibn Harthama in 889–892, which occupied most of his domains. After Rafi' fell out of favour with the Abbasids, Muhammad recovered his position and secured the allegiance of Rafi', but did not particularly support him against the Saffarids. In 900, following the Saffarids' defeat by the Samanids, he tried to invade Khurasan, but was defeated and died of his wounds, whereupon Tabaristan fell to the Samanids.
818
1. Ermengarde, queen of the Franks deaths
  1. Ermengarde of Hesbaye
    
    Ermengarde of Hesbaye, probably a member of the Robertian dynasty, was Carolingian empress from 813 and Queen of the Franks from 814 until her death as the wife of the Carolingian emperor Louis the Pious.
  2. Francia
    
    Francia, also called the Kingdom of the Franks, Frankish Kingdom, Frankland or Frankish Empire, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe. It was ruled by the Franks during late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, West Francia became the predecessor of France, and East Francia became that of Germany. Francia was among the last surviving Germanic kingdoms from the Migration Period era before its partition in 843.
723
1. Elias I of Antioch, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch. deaths
  1. Elias I of Antioch
    
    Elias I of Antioch was the Patriarch of Antioch and head of the Syriac Orthodox Church from 709 until his death in 723. He is commemorated as a saint by the Syriac Orthodox Church in the Martyrology of Rabban Sliba, and his feast day is 3 November.
-42
1. Gaius Cassius Longinus, Roman politician (b. 85 BC) deaths
  1. Gaius Cassius Longinus
    
    Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC. He was the brother-in-law of Brutus, another leader of the conspiracy. He commanded troops with Brutus during the Battle of Philippi against the combined forces of Mark Antony and Octavian, Caesar's former supporters, and committed suicide after being defeated by Mark Antony.
-85
1. Gaius Cassius Longinus, Roman politician (d. 42 BC) births
  1. Gaius Cassius Longinus
    
    Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman senator and general best known as a leading instigator of the plot to assassinate Julius Caesar on 15 March 44 BC. He was the brother-in-law of Brutus, another leader of the conspiracy. He commanded troops with Brutus during the Battle of Philippi against the combined forces of Mark Antony and Octavian, Caesar's former supporters, and committed suicide after being defeated by Mark Antony.

Holidays

Christian feast day: Abd-al-Masih
1. Abd-al-Masih (martyr)
  
  Abd-al-Masih was a Jewish Christian martyr and saint of Late Antiquity. The name Abd-Al-Masih means "servant of the Messiah" in Arabic and is a posthumous title, not his name.
Christian feast day: Adalgott
1. Adalgott
  
  Adalgott II of Disentis was a twelfth-century monk and bishop. He entered Clairvaux Abbey as a monk, and was appointed as abbot of Disentis. Adalgott cared for the sick and poor. He was subsequently named bishop of Chur, and continued to care for the poor. He founded a hospital in 1150. He is venerated as a Roman Catholic saint. His feast day is celebrated on 3 October.
Christian feast day: Blessed Szilárd Bogdánffy
1. Beatification
  
  Beatification is a recognition accorded by the Catholic Church of a deceased person's entrance into Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their name. Beati is the plural form, referring to those who have undergone the process of beatification; they possess the title of "Blessed" before their names and are often referred to in English as "a Blessed" or, plurally, "Blesseds".
2. Szilárd Bogdánffy
  
  Szilárd Ignác Bogdánffy was a Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop of Satu Mare and Oradea of the Latins. On 30 October 2010 he was proclaimed blessed in a ceremony held in the Cathedral Basilica of St. Mary, Oradea, Romania, being recognized as a martyr of the Communist period.
Christian feast day: Dionysius the Areopagite
1. Dionysius the Areopagite
  
  Dionysius the Areopagite was an Athenian judge at the Areopagus Court in Athens, who lived in the first century. A convert to Christianity, he is venerated as a saint by multiple denominations.
Christian feast day: Ewald the Black and Ewald the Fair
1. Two Ewalds
  
  The Two Ewalds were Saint Ewald the Black and Saint Ewald the Fair, martyrs in Old Saxony about 692. Both bore the same name, but were distinguished by the difference in the colour of their hair and complexions. They began their mission labours about 690 at the ancient Saxons country, now part of Westphalia, and covered by the dioceses of Münster, Osnabrück, and Paderborn. They are honored as saints in Westphalia.
Christian feast day: Francis Borgia
1. Francis Borgia
  
  Francis Borgia was a Spanish Jesuit priest. The great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI, he was Duke of Gandía and a grandee of Spain. After the death of his wife, Borgia renounced his titles and became a priest in the Society of Jesus, later serving as its third superior general. He was canonized on 20 June 1670 by Pope Clement X.
Christian feast day: John Raleigh Mott (Episcopal Church)
1. John Mott
  
  John Raleigh Mott was an evangelist and long-serving leader of the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) and the World Student Christian Federation (WSCF). He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946 for his work in establishing and strengthening international Protestant Christian student organizations that worked to promote peace. He shared the prize with Emily Balch. From 1895 until 1920 Mott was the General Secretary of the WSCF. Intimately involved in the formation of the World Council of Churches in 1948, that body elected him as a lifelong honorary President. He helped found the World Student Christian Federation in 1895, the 1910 World Missionary Conference and the World Council of Churches in 1948. His best-known book, The Evangelization of the World in this Generation, became a missionary slogan in the early 20th century.
2. Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)
  
  The veneration of saints in the Episcopal Church is a continuation of an ancient tradition from the early Church which honors important and influential people of the Christian faith. The usage of the term saint is similar to Roman Catholic and Orthodox traditions. Episcopalians believe in the communion of saints in prayer and as such the Episcopal liturgical calendar accommodates feasts for saints.
Christian feast day: Gerard of Brogne
1. Gérard of Brogne
  
  Saint Gérard founded Brogne Abbey and reformed eighteen others according to the Benedictine Rule.
Christian feast day: Hesychius of Sinai
1. Hesychius of Sinai
  
  Hesychius of Sinai was a hieromonk of Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai, and an ascetic author of the Byzantine period in literature.
Christian feast day: Théodore Guérin
1. Théodore Guérin
  
  Anne Thérèse Guérin, designated by the Vatican as Saint Theodora, was a French-American saint and the foundress of the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, a congregation of Catholic sisters at Saint Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana. Pope John Paul II beatified Guérin on 25 October 1998, and Pope Benedict XVI canonized her a saint of the Catholic Church on 15 October 2006. Mother Guérin's feast day is 3 October, although some calendars list it in the Roman Martyrology as 14 May, her day of death.
Christian feast day: Maximian of Bagai
1. Maximian of Bagai
  
  Maximian of Bagai was a 5th century bishop of Bagai in Roman North Africa. His life shows the extent that the religious schism in Roman North Africa could become violent.
Christian feast day: October 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
1. October 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  
  October 2 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - October 4
3 October Festival (Leiden, Netherlands)
1. 3 October Festival
  
  The 3 October Festival is a festival in Leiden, the Netherlands. It is held annually during the days leading up to the 3rd and often concludes that evening or the following day. It has been a local tradition since 1886.
2. Netherlands
  
  The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium in the North Sea. The country's official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch Low Saxon and Limburgish are recognised regional languages, while Dutch Sign Language, Sinte Romani and Yiddish are recognised non-territorial languages. Dutch, English and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean territories.
German Unity Day (Germany)
1. German Unity Day
  
  German Unity Day is the National Day of Germany, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday. It commemorates German reunification in 1990 when the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany, so that for the first time since 1945 there existed a single German state. German Unity Day on 3 October has been the German National Holiday since 1990, when the reunification was formally completed.
2. Germany
  
  Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of almost 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.
Mean Girls Day
1. Mean Girls
  
  Mean Girls is a 2004 American teen comedy film directed by Mark Waters and written by Tina Fey. The film stars Lindsay Lohan, Rachel McAdams, Lacey Chabert, Amanda Seyfried, Tim Meadows, Ana Gasteyer, Amy Poehler, and Fey. It is based in part on Rosalind Wiseman's 2002 non-fiction self-help book, Queen Bees and Wannabes, which describes female high school social cliques, school bullying, and the damaging effects they can have on students. Fey also drew from her own experience at Upper Darby High School as an inspiration for some of the concepts in the film. The plot centers on a naïve teenage girl navigating her way through the social hierarchy of a modern American high school after years of her parents homeschooling her while conducting research in Africa.
Morazán Day (Honduras)
1. Public holidays in Honduras
  
  Public holidays in Honduras are centered on Christianity and the commemoration of events in Honduran history. Each celebration is very important to many families across this country. They are often celebrated with extended family members, and friends. On a few of the most important holidays, such as Independence Day and holy week parades and processions are held from early morning to later in the afternoon or evening.
2. Honduras
  
  Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea. Its capital and largest city is Tegucigalpa.
National Day, celebrates the independence of Iraq from the United Kingdom in 1932.
1. Public holidays in Iraq
  
  This is a list of public holidays in Iraq.
2. Iraq
  
  Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital and largest city is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Armenians, Yazidis, Mandaeans, Persians and Shabakis with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. The vast majority of the country's 44 million residents are Muslims – the notable other faiths are Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism, Yarsanism and Zoroastrianism. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish; others also recognised in specific regions are Neo-Aramaic, Turkish and Armenian.
3. United Kingdom
  
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 242,495 square kilometres (93,628 sq mi), with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people.
National Foundation Day or Gaecheonjeol (South Korea)
1. Gaecheonjeol
  
  Gaecheonjeol is a public holiday in South and North Korea on 3 October. Also known by the English name National Foundation Day, this holiday celebrates the legendary formation of the first Korean state of Gojoseon in 2333 BC. This date has traditionally been regarded as the date for the founding of the Korean people.
2. South Korea
  
  South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), Korea Republic, is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea. Its western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. It has a population of 51.75 million, of which roughly half live in the Seoul Capital Area, the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the world. Other major cities include Incheon, Busan, and Daegu.

Important events in history on October 3 rd

Events

Svante Pääbo

2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

2021 Milan airplane crash

Milan

Kunduz hospital airstrike

Afghanistan

2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck

Lampedusa

2013 Lampedusa migrant shipwreck

Lampedusa

Azerbaijan

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Turkey

Organization of Turkic States

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

Troubled Asset Relief Program

Bailout

Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

Siegfried & Roy

The Mirage

Las Vegas Strip

O. J. Simpson murder case

O. J. Simpson

Acquittal

Nicole Brown Simpson

Ron Goldman

Battle of Mogadishu (1993)

Nadine Gordimer

Nobel Prize in Literature

Nadine Gordimer

Nobel Prize in Literature

East Germany

German reunification

Germany

German Unity Day

Moisés Giroldi

1989 Panamanian coup d'état attempt

Manuel Noriega

1989 Panamanian coup d'état attempt

Panama City

Tandem Accelerator Superconducting Cyclotron

Chalk River Laboratories

Canada

Space Shuttle Atlantis

Defense Satellite Communications System

STS-51-J

1981 Irish hunger strike

Irish republicanism

HM Prison Maze

Belfast

1981 Irish hunger strike

HM Prison Maze

Northern Ireland

Oswaldo López Arellano

Ramón Villeda Morales

1963 Honduran coup d'état

1963 Honduran coup d'état

Mercury-Atlas 8

Human spaceflight

Cape Canaveral Space Force Station

Wally Schirra

Project Mercury

Wally Schirra

Mercury-Atlas 8

Cape Canaveral Space Force Station

California superior courts

Howl (poem)

Holy Rosary Cathedral (Vancouver)

Dedication of churches

William Mark Duke

Operation Hurricane

List of states with nuclear weapons

Operation Hurricane

Montebello Islands

Western Australia

Major League Baseball

Important events in history
on October 3 ^rd