Important events in history
on May 14 ^th

Events

2022
1. Ten people are killed in a mass shooting in Buffalo, New York.
  1. 2022 Buffalo shooting
    
    On May 14, 2022, a mass shooting occurred in Buffalo, New York, United States, at a Tops Friendly Markets supermarket in the East Side neighborhood. Ten people, all of whom were Black, were murdered and three were injured. The shooter livestreamed part of the attack on Twitch, but the livestream was shut down by the service in under two minutes. The perpetrator, identified as 18-year-old Payton S. Gendron, was taken into custody and charged with first-degree murder. He formally entered a plea of "not guilty" on May 19, 2022. On November 28, 2022, Gendron pleaded guilty to all state charges in the shooting, including murder, terrorism, and hate crimes.
  2. Buffalo, New York
    
    Buffalo is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of New York and the seat of Erie County. It is at the eastern end of Lake Erie, at the head of the Niagara River, and is across the Canadian border from Southern Ontario. With a population of 278,349 according to the 2020 census, Buffalo is the 78th-largest city in the United States. The city and nearby Niagara Falls together make up the two-county Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which had an estimated population of 1.1 million in 2020, making it the 49th largest MSA in the United States. Buffalo is in Western New York, which is the largest population and economic center between Boston and Cleveland.
2012
1. Agni Air Flight CHT crashes in Nepal after a failed go-around, killing 15 people.
  1. 2012 Agni Air Dornier 228 crash
    
    On 14 May 2012, a Dornier 228 passenger aircraft of Agni Air operating Flight CHT, crashed near Jomsom Airport, Nepal, killing 15 of the 21 people on board, including both pilots and Indian child actress Taruni Sachdev and her mother.
2010
1. Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on the STS-132 mission to deliver the first shuttle-launched Russian ISS component — Rassvet. This was originally slated to be the final launch of Atlantis, before Congress approved STS-135.
  1. Space Shuttle Atlantis
    
    Space Shuttle Atlantis is a Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle which belongs to NASA, the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States. Atlantis was manufactured by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida on April 1985. Atlantis is also the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built. Its maiden flight was STS-51-J made from October 3 to 7, 1985.
  2. STS-132
    
    STS-132 was a NASA Space Shuttle mission, during which Space Shuttle Atlantis docked with the International Space Station on 16 May 2010. STS-132 was launched from the Kennedy Space Center on 14 May 2010. The primary payload was the Russian Rassvet Mini-Research Module, along with an Integrated Cargo Carrier-Vertical Light Deployable (ICC-VLD). Atlantis landed at the Kennedy Space Center on 26 May 2010.
  3. International Space Station
    
    The International Space Station (ISS) is the largest modular space station currently in low Earth orbit. It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada). The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. The station serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which scientific research is conducted in astrobiology, astronomy, meteorology, physics, and other fields. The ISS is suited for testing the spacecraft systems and equipment required for possible future long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars.
  4. Rassvet (ISS module)
    
    Rassvet, also known as the Mini-Research Module 1 and formerly known as the Docking Cargo Module (DCM), is a component of the International Space Station (ISS). The module's design is similar to the Mir Docking Module launched on STS-74 in 1995. Rassvet is primarily used for cargo storage and as a docking port for visiting spacecraft. It was flown to the ISS aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on the STS-132 mission on 14 May 2010, and was connected to the ISS on 18 May 2010. The hatch connecting Rassvet with the ISS was first opened on 20 May 2010. On 28 June 2010, the Soyuz TMA-19 spacecraft performed the first docking with the module.
  5. STS-135
    
    STS-135 was the 135th and final mission of the American Space Shuttle program. It used the orbiter Atlantis and hardware originally processed for the STS-335 contingency mission, which was not flown. STS-135 launched on 8 July 2011, and landed on 21 July 2011, following a one-day mission extension. The four-person crew was the smallest of any shuttle mission since STS-6 in April 1983. The mission's primary cargo was the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello and a Lightweight Multi-Purpose Carrier (LMC), which were delivered to the International Space Station (ISS). The flight of Raffaello marked the only time that Atlantis carried an MPLM.
2008
1. On the day of the UEFA Cup Final, violence erupted between football hooligan supporters of both teams and the Greater Manchester Police, resulting in 39 arrests and 39 injured officers.
  1. 2008 UEFA Cup Final
    
    The 2008 UEFA Cup Final was a football match that took place on 14 May 2008 at the City of Manchester Stadium in Manchester, England. It was the 37th annual final of the UEFA Cup, UEFA's second tier club football tournament.
  2. 2008 UEFA Cup Final riots
    
    The 2008 UEFA Cup Final riots were a series of public disorder incidents that took place in Manchester, England, on the day of the 2008 UEFA Cup Final. Serious disorder was allegedly sparked by the failure of a big screen erected in Piccadilly Gardens to transmit the match to thousands of Rangers fans who had travelled to the city without tickets. Greater Manchester Police reported that a "minority" of the 200,000 visiting Rangers' fans were involved in the violence; while Detective Superintendent Geoff Wessell, of Greater Manchester Police, stressed that a "very, very low proportion" of the travelling Rangers fans had been involved in disorder. In addition to property damage, fifteen policemen were injured and ambulance crews attended 52 cases of assault. A Manchester City Council inquiry into the events estimated that over 200,000 Rangers fans visited Manchester for the match, with 39 fans were arrested for a range of offences across the city, while 38 complaints were received about the conduct of Greater Manchester Police officers. The report however said that the 37,000 Rangers fans inside the City of Manchester Stadium were extremely well behaved and good humoured – a credit to their football club..
  3. Football hooliganism
    
    Football hooliganism, also known as soccer hooliganism, football rioting or soccer rioting, constitutes violence and other destructive behaviours perpetrated by spectators at association football events. Football hooliganism normally involves conflict between gangs, in English known as football firms, formed to intimidate and attack supporters of other teams. Other English-language terms commonly used in connection with hooligan firms include "army", "boys", "bods", "casuals", and "crew". Certain clubs have long-standing rivalries with other clubs and hooliganism associated with matches between them is likely to be more severe.
  4. Greater Manchester Police
    
    Greater Manchester Police (GMP) is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester in North West England.
2. Battle of Piccadilly Gardens in Manchester city centre between Zenit supporters and Rangers supporters and the Greater Manchester Police, 39 policemen injured, one police-dog injured and 39 arrested.
  1. 2008 UEFA Cup Final riots
    
    The 2008 UEFA Cup Final riots were a series of public disorder incidents that took place in Manchester, England, on the day of the 2008 UEFA Cup Final. Serious disorder was allegedly sparked by the failure of a big screen erected in Piccadilly Gardens to transmit the match to thousands of Rangers fans who had travelled to the city without tickets. Greater Manchester Police reported that a "minority" of the 200,000 visiting Rangers' fans were involved in the violence; while Detective Superintendent Geoff Wessell, of Greater Manchester Police, stressed that a "very, very low proportion" of the travelling Rangers fans had been involved in disorder. In addition to property damage, fifteen policemen were injured and ambulance crews attended 52 cases of assault. A Manchester City Council inquiry into the events estimated that over 200,000 Rangers fans visited Manchester for the match, with 39 fans were arrested for a range of offences across the city, while 38 complaints were received about the conduct of Greater Manchester Police officers. The report however said that the 37,000 Rangers fans inside the City of Manchester Stadium were extremely well behaved and good humoured – a credit to their football club..
  2. Manchester city centre
    
    Manchester City Centre is the central business district of Manchester in Greater Manchester, England situated within the confines of Great Ancoats Street, A6042 Trinity Way, and A57(M) Mancunian Way which collectively form an inner ring road. The City Centre ward had a population of 17,861 at the 2011 census.
  3. FC Zenit Saint Petersburg
    
    Football Club Zenit, also known as Zenit Saint Petersburg or simply Zenit, is a Russian professional football club based in Saint Petersburg. Founded in 1925, the club plays in the Russian Premier League. Zenit are the reigning champions of the Russian Premier League. Previously they won the 2007, 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15, 2018–19, 2019–20 and the 2020–21 seasons of the Russian Premier League, as well as the 2007–08 UEFA Cup and the 2008 UEFA Super Cup. The club is owned and sponsored by the Russian state-owned energy giant Gazprom. The team play its home matches at the Gazprom Arena. In March 2022, the club was expelled from all European and international club competitions by FIFA and the UEFA due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. In addition, the European Club Association suspended the team.
  4. Rangers F.C.
    
    Rangers Football Club is a Scottish professional football club based in the Govan district of Glasgow which plays in the Scottish Premiership. Although not its official name, it is often referred to as Glasgow Rangers outside Scotland. The fourth-oldest football club in Scotland, Rangers was founded by four teenage boys as they walked through West End Park in March 1872 where they discussed the idea of forming a football club, and played its first match against the now defunct Callander at the Fleshers' Haugh area of Glasgow Green in May of the same year. Rangers' home ground, Ibrox Stadium, designed by stadium architect Archibald Leitch and opened in 1929, is a Category B listed building and the third-largest football stadium in Scotland. The club has always played in royal blue shirts.
  5. Greater Manchester Police
    
    Greater Manchester Police (GMP) is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester in North West England.
2004
1. The Constitutional Court of South Korea overturns the impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun.
  1. Constitutional Court of Korea
    
    The Constitutional Court of Korea is highest constitutional court in judicial branch of South Korea, seated in Jongno, Seoul. Established under Chapter 6 of the Constitution of South Korea, the Court has ultimate jurisdiction over judicial review on constitutionality of statute, review of all Impeachments, decision on Prohibition and Dissolution of political parties, competence dispute about demarcation of power among central government agencies and local governments, and adjudication of constitutional complaint. It is composed of nine Justices, and one of them is President of the Constitutional Court of Korea. The Constitutional Court of Korea has equivalent status as one of two highest courts in South Korea. The other is the Supreme Court of Korea.
  2. Roh Moo-hyun
    
    Roh Moo-hyun was a South Korean politician and lawyer who served as the ninth president of South Korea between 2003 and 2008.
2. Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815 crashes into the Amazon rainforest during approach to Eduardo Gomes International Airport in Manaus, Brazil, killing 33 people.
  1. Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815
    
    Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815 was a domestic scheduled passenger flight from São Paulo de Olivença, northeast Brazil to Manaus, the capital of Amazonas state. On 14 May 2004, the aircraft operating the flight, an Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia, crashed into the dense Amazon rainforest while on approach to Manaus. All 33 people on board were killed.
  2. Amazon rainforest
    
    The Amazon rainforest, Amazon jungle or Amazonia is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories.
  3. Eduardo Gomes International Airport
    
    Manaus International Airport – Eduardo Gomes is the airport serving Manaus, Brazil. It is named after Brazilian politician and military figure Air Marshal Eduardo Gomes (1896–1981).
  4. Manaus
    
    Manaus is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Amazonas. It is the seventh-largest city in Brazil, with an estimated 2020 population of 2,219,580 distributed over a land area of about 11,401 km2 (4,402 sq mi). Located at the east center of the state, the city is the center of the Manaus metropolitan area and the largest metropolitan area in the North Region of Brazil by urban landmass. It is situated near the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. It is the only city in the Amazon Rainforest with a population over 1 million people.
  5. Brazil
    
    Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Its capital is Brasília, and its most populous city is São Paulo. The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states and the Federal District. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas; one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world; and the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country.
1988
1. Carrollton bus collision: A drunk driver traveling the wrong way on Interstate 71 near Carrollton, Kentucky hits a converted school bus carrying a church youth group. Twenty-seven die in the crash and ensuing fire.
  1. Carrollton bus collision
    
    The Carrollton bus collision occurred on May 14, 1988, on Interstate 71 in unincorporated Carroll County, Kentucky. The collision involved a former school bus in use by a church youth group and a pickup truck driven by an alcohol-impaired driver. The head-on collision was the deadliest incident involving drunk driving and the third-deadliest bus crash in U.S. history. Of the 67 people on the bus, there were 27 fatalities in the crash, the same number as the 1958 Prestonsburg bus disaster, and behind the 1976 Yuba City bus disaster (29) and 1963 Chualar bus crash (32).
  2. Interstate 71
    
    Interstate 71 (I-71) is a north–south Interstate Highway in the Great Lakes/Midwestern and Southeastern region of the United States. Its southern terminus is at an interchange with I-64 and I-65 in Louisville, Kentucky, and its northern terminus at an interchange with I-90 in Cleveland, Ohio. I-71 runs concurrently with I-75 from a point about 20 miles (32 km) south of Cincinnati, Ohio, into Downtown Cincinnati. While most odd numbered Interstates are north–south, I-71 however is designated more of a northeast–southwest highway, with some east–west sections, and is mainly a regional route, serving Kentucky and Ohio. It links I-80 and I-90 to I-70, and ultimately links to I-40. Major metropolitan areas served by I-71 include Louisville, Cincinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland.
  3. Carrollton, Kentucky
    
    Carrollton is a home rule-class city in—and the county seat of—Carroll County, Kentucky, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Kentucky rivers. The population was 3,938 at the 2010 census.
1980
1. Salvadoran Civil War: Refugees trying to flee El Salvador across the Sumpul River to Honduras were attacked by both Salvadoran and Honduran forces, resulting in at least 300 deaths.
  1. Salvadoran Civil War
    
    The Salvadoran Civil War was a twelve year period of civil war in El Salvador that was fought between the government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), a coalition or "umbrella organization" of left-wing groups. A coup on 15 October 1979 followed by government killings of anti-coup protesters is widely seen as the start of civil war. The war did not formally end until 16 January 1992 with the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City.
  2. Sumpul River
    
    The Sumpul River is a river in north-western El Salvador on the border with Honduras. It flows through the Chalatenango Department.
  3. Sumpul River massacre
    
    The Sumpul River massacre took place in Chalatenango, El Salvador on May 13, 1980 during the Salvadoran Civil War. Salvadoran Armed Forces and pro-government paramilitaries launched an offensive to disrupt the activities of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). The offensive created many refugees who were attacked the next day by the Salvadoran forces. The Honduran military prevented them from fleeing into Honduras, and between 300 and 600 refugees died. Both El Salvador and Honduras denied responsibility for the incident. In 1993, the United Nations Truth Commission described the incident as a serious violation of international law.
2. Salvadoran Civil War: the Sumpul River massacre occurs in Chalatenango, El Salvador.
  1. Salvadoran Civil War
    
    The Salvadoran Civil War was a twelve year period of civil war in El Salvador that was fought between the government of El Salvador and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), a coalition or "umbrella organization" of left-wing groups. A coup on 15 October 1979 followed by government killings of anti-coup protesters is widely seen as the start of civil war. The war did not formally end until 16 January 1992 with the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City.
  2. Sumpul River massacre
    
    The Sumpul River massacre took place in Chalatenango, El Salvador on May 13, 1980 during the Salvadoran Civil War. Salvadoran Armed Forces and pro-government paramilitaries launched an offensive to disrupt the activities of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN). The offensive created many refugees who were attacked the next day by the Salvadoran forces. The Honduran military prevented them from fleeing into Honduras, and between 300 and 600 refugees died. Both El Salvador and Honduras denied responsibility for the incident. In 1993, the United Nations Truth Commission described the incident as a serious violation of international law.
  3. Chalatenango, El Salvador
    
    Chalatenango is a municipality located in the Department of Chalatenango, in the north of El Salvador.
1977
1. A Dan-Air Boeing 707 leased to IAS Cargo Airlines crashes on approach to Lusaka International Airport in Lusaka, Zambia, killing six people.
  1. Dan-Air
    
    Dan-Air was an airline based in the United Kingdom and a wholly owned subsidiary of London shipbroking firm Davies and Newman. It was started in 1953 with a single aircraft. Initially, it operated cargo and passenger charter flights from Southend (1953–1955) and Blackbushe airports (1955–1960) using a variety of piston-engined aircraft before moving to a new base at Gatwick Airport in 1960, followed by expansion into inclusive tour (IT) charter flights and all-year round scheduled services. The introduction of two de Havilland Comet series 4 jet aircraft in 1966 made Dan-Air the second British independent airline after British United Airways to begin sustained jet operations.
  2. Boeing 707
    
    The Boeing 707 is an American, long-range, narrow-body airliner, the first jetliner developed and produced by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Developed from the Boeing 367-80 prototype first flown in 1954, the initial 707-120 first flew on December 20, 1957. Pan American World Airways began regular 707 service on October 26, 1958. With versions produced until 1979, the 707 was a swept wing, quadjet with podded engines. Its larger fuselage cross-section allowed six-abreast economy seating, retained in the later 720, 727, 737, and 757 models.
  3. IAS Cargo Airlines
    
    International Aviation Services Limited, trading as IAS Cargo Airlines from 1975, is a defunct wholly privately owned, independent British airline that was based at London Gatwick Airport in the United Kingdom. It commenced operations in 1967 and went bankrupt in 1980, following a merger with London Stansted based Trans Meridian Air Cargo (TMAC) to form the short-lived British Cargo Airlines.
  4. 1977 Dan-Air Boeing 707 crash
    
    The 1977 Dan-Air/IAS Cargo Boeing 707 crash was a fatal accident involving a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft operated by Dan Air Services Limited on behalf of International Aviation Services Limited, which had been sub-contracted by Zambia Airways Corporation to operate a weekly scheduled all-cargo service between London Heathrow and the Zambian capital Lusaka via Athens and Nairobi. The aircraft crashed during approach to Lusaka Airport, Zambia, on 14 May 1977. All six occupants of the aircraft were killed.
  5. Kenneth Kaunda International Airport
    
    Kenneth Kaunda International Airport is an international airport located in Chongwe District, off the Great East Road, approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of the city centre of Lusaka, the capital and largest city of Zambia. The airport has a capacity of 6 million and is the largest in Zambia, serving as a hub for its region. The airport serves as a hub for Zambia Airways, Proflight Zambia, Royal Zambian Airlines, and Mahogany Air.
  6. Lusaka
    
    Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is one of the fastest-developing cities in southern Africa. Lusaka is in the southern part of the central plateau at an elevation of about 1,279 metres (4,196 ft). As of 2019, the city's population was about 3.3 million, while the urban population is estimated at 2.5 million in 2018. Lusaka is the centre of both commerce and government in Zambia and connects to the country's four main highways heading north, south, east and west. English is the official language of the city administration, while Bemba, Tonga, Lenje, Soli, Lozi and Nyanja are the commonly spoken street languages.
  7. Zambia
    
    Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most central point. Its neighbours are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the northeast, Malawi to the east, Mozambique to the southeast, Zimbabwe and Botswana to the south, Namibia to the southwest, and Angola to the west. The capital city of Zambia is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of Zambia. The nation's population of around 19.5 million is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the north, the core economic hubs of the country.
1973
1. The NASA space station Skylab was launched from Kennedy Space Center near Cape Canaveral, Florida.
  1. NASA
    
    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the US federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
  2. Skylab
    
    Skylab was the first United States space station, launched by NASA, occupied for about 24 weeks between May 1973 and February 1974. It was operated by three separate three-astronaut crews: Skylab 2, Skylab 3, and Skylab 4. Major operations included an orbital workshop, a solar observatory, Earth observation, and hundreds of experiments.
  3. Kennedy Space Center
    
    The John F. Kennedy Space Center, located on Merritt Island, Florida, is one of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) ten field centers. Since December 1968, KSC has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Space Force Station (CCSFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources and operate facilities on each other's property.
  4. Cape Canaveral
    
    Cape Canaveral is a cape in Brevard County, Florida, in the United States, near the center of the state's Atlantic coast. Officially Cape Kennedy from 1963 to 1973, it lies east of Merritt Island, separated from it by the Banana River. It is part of a region known as the Space Coast, and is the site of the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station. Since many U.S. spacecraft have been launched from both the station and the Kennedy Space Center on adjacent Merritt Island, the two are sometimes conflated with each other.
2. Skylab, the United States' first space station, is launched.
  1. Skylab
    
    Skylab was the first United States space station, launched by NASA, occupied for about 24 weeks between May 1973 and February 1974. It was operated by three separate three-astronaut crews: Skylab 2, Skylab 3, and Skylab 4. Major operations included an orbital workshop, a solar observatory, Earth observation, and hundreds of experiments.
1970
1. Andreas Baader is freed from custody by Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun Ensslin and others, a pivotal moment in the formation of the Red Army Faction.
  1. Red Army Faction
    
    The Red Army Faction, also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang, was a West German far-left Marxist-Leninist urban guerrilla group founded in 1970.
1961
1. Civil rights movement: A white mob twice attacks a Freedom Riders bus near Anniston, Alabama, before fire-bombing the bus and attacking the civil rights protesters who flee the burning vehicle.
  1. Civil rights movement
    
    The civil rights movement was a political movement and campaign from 1954 to 1968 in the United States to abolish institutional racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement throughout the United States. The movement had its origins in the Reconstruction era during the late 19th century, although it made its largest legislative gains in the 1960s after years of direct actions and grassroots protests. The social movement's major nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience campaigns eventually secured new protections in federal law for the civil rights of all Americans.
  2. Freedom Riders
    
    Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional. The Southern states had ignored the rulings and the federal government did nothing to enforce them. The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C. on May 4, 1961, and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17.
  3. Anniston, Alabama
    
    Anniston is the county seat of Calhoun County in Alabama and is one of two urban centers/principal cities of and included in the Anniston-Oxford Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the population of the city was 23,106. According to 2019 Census estimates, the city had a population of 21,287.
  4. Molotov cocktail
    
    A Molotov cocktail is a hand thrown incendiary weapon constructed from a frangible container filled with flammable substances equipped with a fuse. In use, the fuse attached to the container is lit and the weapon is thrown, shattering on impact. This ignites the flammable substances contained in the bottle and spreads flames as the fuel burns.
1955
1. Cold War: Eight Communist bloc countries, including the Soviet Union, sign a mutual defense treaty called the Warsaw Pact.
  1. Cold War
    
    The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. Historians do not fully agree on its starting and ending points, but the period is generally considered to span from the announcement of the Truman Doctrine on 12 March 1947 to the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 26 December 1991. The term cold war is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two superpowers, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict was based around the ideological and geopolitical struggle for global influence by these two superpowers, following their temporary alliance and victory against Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945. Aside from the nuclear arsenal development and conventional military deployment, the struggle for dominance was expressed via indirect means such as psychological warfare, propaganda campaigns, espionage, far-reaching embargoes, rivalry at sports events, and technological competitions such as the Space Race.
  2. Warsaw Pact
    
    The Warsaw Pact (WP) or Treaty of Warsaw, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance, was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold War. The term "Warsaw Pact" commonly refers to both the treaty itself and its resultant defensive alliance, the Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO). The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), the regional economic organization for the socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1955 as per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954.
1953
1. Approximately 7,100 brewery workers in Milwaukee perform a walkout, marking the start of the 1953 Milwaukee brewery strike.
  1. Milwaukee
    
    Milwaukee, officially the City of Milwaukee, is both the most populous and most densely populated city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Milwaukee County. With a population of 577,222 at the 2020 census, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States, the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States, and the second largest city on Lake Michigan's shore behind Chicago.
  2. Walkout
    
    In labor disputes, a walkout is a labor strike, the act of employees collectively leaving the workplace and withholding labor as an act of protest.
  3. 1953 Milwaukee brewery strike
    
    The 1953 Milwaukee brewery strike was a labor strike that involved approximately 7,100 workers at six breweries in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The strike began on May 14 of that year after the Brewery Workers Local 9 and an employers' organization representing six Milwaukee-based brewing companies failed to agree to new labor contracts. These contracts would have increased the workers' wages and decreased their working hours, making them more comparable to the labor contracts of brewery workers elsewhere in the country. The strike ended in late July, after the Valentin Blatz Brewing Company broke with the other breweries and began negotiating with the union. The other companies soon followed suit and the strike officially ended on July 29, with union members voting to accept new contracts that addressed many of their initial concerns.
1951
1. Trains ran on the Talyllyn Railway in Wales for the first time since its preservation, making it the first railway in the world to be operated by volunteers.
  1. Talyllyn Railway
    
    The Talyllyn Railway is a narrow gauge preserved railway in Wales running for 7+1⁄4 miles (12 km) from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol near the village of Abergynolwyn. The line was opened in 1865 to carry slate from the quarries at Bryn Eglwys to Tywyn, and was the first narrow gauge railway in Britain authorised by Act of Parliament to carry passengers using steam haulage. Despite severe under-investment, the line remained open, and in 1951 it became the first railway in the world to be preserved as a heritage railway by volunteers.
  2. Wales
    
    Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2021 of 3,107,500 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,680 miles (2,700 km) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate. The capital and largest city is Cardiff.
  3. Heritage railway
    
    A heritage railway or heritage railroad is a railway operated as living history to re-create or preserve railway scenes of the past. Heritage railways are often old railway lines preserved in a state depicting a period in the history of rail transport.
2. Trains run on the Talyllyn Railway in Wales for the first time since preservation, making it the first railway in the world to be operated by volunteers.
  1. Talyllyn Railway
    
    The Talyllyn Railway is a narrow gauge preserved railway in Wales running for 7+1⁄4 miles (12 km) from Tywyn on the Mid-Wales coast to Nant Gwernol near the village of Abergynolwyn. The line was opened in 1865 to carry slate from the quarries at Bryn Eglwys to Tywyn, and was the first narrow gauge railway in Britain authorised by Act of Parliament to carry passengers using steam haulage. Despite severe under-investment, the line remained open, and in 1951 it became the first railway in the world to be preserved as a heritage railway by volunteers.
1948
1. David Ben-Gurion publicly read the Israeli Declaration of Independence at the present-day Independence Hall in Tel Aviv, officially establishing the state of Israel in parts of the former British Mandate of Palestine.
  1. David Ben-Gurion
    
    David Ben-Gurion was the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first prime minister of Israel. Adopting the name of Ben-Gurion in 1909, he rose to become the preeminent leader of the Jewish community in British-ruled Mandatory Palestine from 1935 until the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, which he led until 1963 with a short break in 1954–55.
  2. Israeli Declaration of Independence
    
    The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national holiday Independence Day on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar.
  3. Independence Hall (Israel)
    
    Independence Hall, originally the Dizengoff House is the site of the signing of Israel's Declaration of Independence. It is located on the historic Rothschild Boulevard in Tel Aviv, Israel. From 1932 to 1971 housing the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, it is currently a museum dedicated to the signing of the Israeli Declaration of Independence and the history of Tel Aviv.
  4. Tel Aviv
    
    Tel Aviv-Yafo, often referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel. Located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline and with a population of 460,613, it is the economic and technological center of the country. If East Jerusalem is considered part of Israel, Tel Aviv is the country's second most populous city after Jerusalem; if not, Tel Aviv is the most populous city ahead of West Jerusalem.
  5. British Mandate of Palestine
    
    British Mandate of Palestine or Palestine Mandate most often refers to:Mandate for Palestine: a League of Nations mandate under which the British controlled an area which included Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan. Mandatory Palestine: the territory and its history between 1920 and 1948
2. Israel is declared to be an independent state and a provisional government is established. Immediately after the declaration, Israel is attacked by the neighboring Arab states, triggering the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
  1. Israeli Declaration of Independence
    
    The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and soon to be first Prime Minister of Israel. It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day. The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national holiday Independence Day on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar.
  2. 1948 Arab–Israeli War
    
    The 1948 Arab–Israeli War was the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. It formally began following the end of the British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948; the Israeli Declaration of Independence had been issued earlier that day, and a military coalition of Arab states entered the territory of British Palestine in the morning of 15 May.
1943
1. Second World War: Australian Hospital Ship Centaur was attacked and sunk by a Japanese submarine off the coast of Queensland, killing 268 people aboard.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. AHS Centaur
    
    Australian Hospital Ship (AHS) Centaur was a hospital ship which was attacked and sunk by a Japanese submarine off the coast of Queensland, Australia, on 14 May 1943. Of the 332 medical personnel and civilian crew aboard, 268 died, including 63 of the 65 army personnel.
  3. Queensland
    
    Queensland is a state situated in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous of the Australian states. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, southwest and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean; to its north is the Torres Strait, separating the Australian mainland from Papua New Guinea. With an area of 1,852,642 square kilometres (715,309 sq mi), Queensland is the world's sixth-largest sub-national entity; it is larger than all but 15 countries. Due to its size, Queensland's geographical features and climates are diverse, including tropical rainforests, rivers, coral reefs, mountain ranges and sandy beaches in its tropical and sub-tropical coastal regions, as well as deserts and savanna in the semi-arid and desert climatic regions of its interior.
2. World War II: A Japanese submarine sinks AHS Centaur off the coast of Queensland.
  1. AHS Centaur
    
    Australian Hospital Ship (AHS) Centaur was a hospital ship which was attacked and sunk by a Japanese submarine off the coast of Queensland, Australia, on 14 May 1943. Of the 332 medical personnel and civilian crew aboard, 268 died, including 63 of the 65 army personnel.
  2. Queensland
    
    Queensland is a state situated in northeastern Australia, and is the second-largest and third-most populous of the Australian states. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, southwest and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and the Pacific Ocean; to its north is the Torres Strait, separating the Australian mainland from Papua New Guinea. With an area of 1,852,642 square kilometres (715,309 sq mi), Queensland is the world's sixth-largest sub-national entity; it is larger than all but 15 countries. Due to its size, Queensland's geographical features and climates are diverse, including tropical rainforests, rivers, coral reefs, mountain ranges and sandy beaches in its tropical and sub-tropical coastal regions, as well as deserts and savanna in the semi-arid and desert climatic regions of its interior.
1940
1. World War II: The bulk of Dutch forces surrendered to the German Wehrmacht, ending the Battle of the Netherlands.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Wehrmacht
    
    The Wehrmacht was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer (army), the Kriegsmarine (navy) and the Luftwaffe. The designation "Wehrmacht" replaced the previously used term Reichswehr and was the manifestation of the Nazi regime's efforts to rearm Germany to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.
  3. German invasion of the Netherlands
    
    The German invasion of the Netherlands, otherwise known as the Battle of the Netherlands, was a military campaign part of Case Yellow, the Nazi German invasion of the Low Countries and France during World War II. The battle lasted from 10 May 1940 until the surrender of the main Dutch forces on 14 May. Dutch troops in the province of Zeeland continued to resist the Wehrmacht until 17 May when Germany completed its occupation of the whole country.
2. World War II: Rotterdam, Netherlands is bombed by the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany despite a ceasefire, killing about 900 people and destroying the historic city center.
  1. World War II
    
    World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries.
  2. Rotterdam
    
    Rotterdam is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the "New Meuse" inland shipping channel, dug to connect to the Meuse first, but now to the Rhine instead.
  3. Netherlands
    
    The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, with a North Sea coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium in the North Sea. The country's official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch Low Saxon and Limburgish are recognised regional languages, while Dutch Sign Language, Sinte Romani and Yiddish are recognised non-territorial languages. Dutch, English and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean territories.
  4. German bombing of Rotterdam
    
    Rotterdam was subjected to heavy aerial bombardment by the Luftwaffe during the German invasion of the Netherlands in World War II. The objective was to support the German troops fighting in the city, break Dutch resistance and force the Dutch army to surrender. Bombing began at the outset of hostilities on 10 May and culminated with the destruction of the entire historic city centre on 14 May, an event sometimes referred to as the Rotterdam Blitz. According to an official list published in 2022 at least 1,150 people were killed and 85,000 more were left homeless.
  5. Luftwaffe
    
    The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the German Wehrmacht before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the Luftstreitkräfte of the Imperial Army and the Marine-Fliegerabteilung of the Imperial Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 in accordance with the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from having any air force.
  6. Nazi Germany
    
    Nazi Germany was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies defeated Germany, ending World War II in Europe.
1939
1. In Lima, Peru, Lina Medina became the youngest confirmed mother in history, giving birth at the age of five years, seven months and twenty-one days.
  1. Lima
    
    Lima, originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaside city of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population of more than 9.7 million in its urban area and more than 10.7 million in its metropolitan area, Lima is one of the largest cities in the Americas.
  2. Lina Medina
    
    Lina Marcela Medina de Jurado is a Peruvian woman who became the youngest confirmed mother in history when she gave birth on 14 May 1939, aged five years, seven months, and 21 days. Based on the medical assessments of her pregnancy, she was less than five years old when she became pregnant, which was possibly due to precocious puberty.
  3. List of youngest birth mothers
    
    This is a list of youngest birth mothers aged less than 11 years at time of birth.
2. Lina Medina becomes the youngest confirmed mother in medical history at the age of five.
  1. Lina Medina
    
    Lina Marcela Medina de Jurado is a Peruvian woman who became the youngest confirmed mother in history when she gave birth on 14 May 1939, aged five years, seven months, and 21 days. Based on the medical assessments of her pregnancy, she was less than five years old when she became pregnant, which was possibly due to precocious puberty.
1935
1. The Constitution of the Philippines is ratified by a popular vote.
  1. Constitution of the Philippines
    
    The Constitution of the Philippines is the constitution or the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines. Its final draft was completed by the Constitutional Commission on October 12, 1986, and ratified by a nationwide plebiscite on February 2, 1987.
1931
1. Five people were killed in Ådalen, Sweden, as soldiers opened fire on an unarmed trade union demonstration.
  1. Ådalen
    
    Ådalen is the river valley of the Ångerman River, downstream Junsele, in Sweden. It often refers to the broad, densely populated, fjord-like mouth of the river, in Kramfors Municipality, and is known for the May 1931 Ådalen shootings.
  2. Ådalen shootings
    
    The Ådalen shootings was a series of events in and around the sawmill district of Ådalen, Kramfors Municipality, Ångermanland, Sweden, in May 1931. During a protest on 14 May, five people were killed by bullets fired by troops called in as reinforcements by the police.
2. Five unarmed civilians are killed in the Ådalen shootings, as the Swedish military is called in to deal with protesting workers.
  1. Ådalen shootings
    
    The Ådalen shootings was a series of events in and around the sawmill district of Ådalen, Kramfors Municipality, Ångermanland, Sweden, in May 1931. During a protest on 14 May, five people were killed by bullets fired by troops called in as reinforcements by the police.
1919
1. Sir Harry Hands, the mayor of Cape Town, performed the first public observance of a two-minute silence in remembrance of those killed in World War I.
  1. Harry Hands
    
    Sir Harry Hands was a British colonial politician, who served from 1915 to 1918 as mayor of Cape Town, South Africa. He is credited with instituting the first practice in the world of an official two-minute silence to honour loss of life in conflict, following the death of his eldest son Reginald Hands in World War I, at the suggestion of councillor Robert Rutherford Brydone.
  2. Cape Town
    
    Cape Town is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest. Colloquially named the Mother City, it is the largest city of the Western Cape province, and is managed by the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality. The other two capitals are Pretoria, the executive capital, located in Gauteng, where the Presidency is based, and Bloemfontein, the judicial capital in the Free State, where the Supreme Court of Appeal is located.
  3. Two-minute silence
    
    In the United Kingdom and other countries within the Commonwealth, a two-minute silence is observed as part of Remembrance Day to remember those who lost their lives in conflict. Held each year at 11:00 am on 11 November, the silence coincides with the time in 1918 at which the First World War came to an end with the cessation of hostilities, and is generally observed at war memorials and in public places throughout the UK and Commonwealth. A two-minute silence is also observed on Remembrance Sunday, also at 11:00 am.
1918
1. Cape Town Mayor, Sir Harry Hands, inaugurates the Two-minute silence.
  1. Harry Hands
    
    Sir Harry Hands was a British colonial politician, who served from 1915 to 1918 as mayor of Cape Town, South Africa. He is credited with instituting the first practice in the world of an official two-minute silence to honour loss of life in conflict, following the death of his eldest son Reginald Hands in World War I, at the suggestion of councillor Robert Rutherford Brydone.
  2. Two-minute silence
    
    In the United Kingdom and other countries within the Commonwealth, a two-minute silence is observed as part of Remembrance Day to remember those who lost their lives in conflict. Held each year at 11:00 am on 11 November, the silence coincides with the time in 1918 at which the First World War came to an end with the cessation of hostilities, and is generally observed at war memorials and in public places throughout the UK and Commonwealth. A two-minute silence is also observed on Remembrance Sunday, also at 11:00 am.
1915
1. The May 14 Revolt takes place in Lisbon, Portugal.
  1. May 14 Revolt
    
    The May 14 Revolt (1915) was a politico-military uprising led by Álvaro de Castro and General Sá Cardoso which started in Lisbon, Portugal, with the objective of taking power from the dictatorship of General Pimenta de Castro during the Portuguese First Republic and returning the government to the principles of the 1911 Constitution.
  2. Lisbon
    
    Lisbon is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people, being the 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union. About 3 million people live in the Lisbon metropolitan area, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the Iberian Peninsula, after Madrid and Barcelona. It represents approximately 27% of the country's population. It is mainland Europe's westernmost capital city and the only one along the Atlantic coast. Lisbon lies in the western Iberian Peninsula on the Atlantic Ocean and the River Tagus. The westernmost portions of its metro area, the Portuguese Riviera, form the westernmost point of Continental Europe, culminating at Cabo da Roca.
1913
1. Governor of New York William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100 million donation from John D. Rockefeller.
  1. William Sulzer
    
    William Sulzer was an American lawyer and politician, nicknamed Plain Bill Sulzer. He was the 39th Governor of New York and a long-serving congressman from the same state.
  2. Rockefeller Foundation
    
    The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The second-oldest major philanthropic institution in America, after the Carnegie Corporation, the foundation was ranked as the 39th largest U.S. foundation by total giving as of 2015. By the end of 2016, assets were tallied at $4.1 billion, with annual grants of $173 million. According to the OECD, the foundation provided US$103.8 million for development in 2019. The foundation has given more than $14 billion in current dollars.
  3. John D. Rockefeller
    
    John Davison Rockefeller Sr. was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He has been widely considered the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history. Rockefeller was born into a large family in Upstate New York that moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland. He became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into several business partnerships beginning at age 20, concentrating his business on oil refining. Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. He ran it until 1897 and remained its largest shareholder.
1900
1. Opening of World Amateur championship at the Paris Exposition Universelle, also known as Olympic Games.
  1. Exposition Universelle (1900)
    
    The Exposition Universelle of 1900, better known in English as the 1900 Paris Exposition, was a world's fair held in Paris, France, from 14 April to 12 November 1900, to celebrate the achievements of the past century and to accelerate development into the next. It was held at the esplanade of Les Invalides, the Champ de Mars, the Trocadéro and at the banks of the Seine between them, with an additional section in the Bois de Vincennes, and it was visited by more than 50 million people. Many international congresses and other events were held within the framework of the Exposition, including the 1900 Summer Olympics.
1879
1. The first group of 463 Indian indentured laborers arrives in Fiji aboard the Leonidas.
  1. Indian indenture system
    
    The Indian indenture system was a system of indentured servitude, by which more than one million Indians were transported to labour in European colonies, as a substitute for slave labor, following the abolition of the trade in the early 19th century. The system expanded after the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1833, in the French colonies in 1848, and in the Dutch Empire in 1863. British Indian indentureship lasted till the 1920s. This resulted in the development of a large Indian diaspora in the Caribbean, Natal, East Africa, Réunion, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Myanmar, British Guyana, to Fiji, as well as the growth of Indo-Caribbean, Indo-African, Indo-Fijian, Indo-Malaysian, Indo-Guyanese and Indo-Singaporean populations.
  2. Fiji
    
    Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1,100 nautical miles north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which about 110 are permanently inhabited—and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about 18,300 square kilometres (7,100 sq mi). The most outlying island group is Ono-i-Lau. About 87% of the total population of 924,610 live on the two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu's coasts: either in the capital city of Suva; or in smaller urban centres such as Nadi—where tourism is the major local industry; or in Lautoka, where the sugar-cane industry is dominant. The interior of Viti Levu is sparsely inhabited because of its terrain.
  3. Leonidas (ship)
    
    Leonidas was a labour transport ship (schooner) that played an important role in the history of Fiji. She had been earlier used to carry indentured labourers to the West Indies, having transported 580 Indian indentured labourers to St Lucia in 1878. Captained by McLachlan, the ship departed from Calcutta, India on 3 March 1879 and arrived at Levuka, Fiji, on 14 May that year. The indentured labourers who disembarked were the first of over 61,000 to arrive from the Indian subcontinent over the following 37 years, forming the nucleus of the Fiji Indian community that now numbers close to forty percent of Fiji's population.
1878
1. The last witchcraft trial in the United States opened in Salem, Massachusetts.
  1. Salem witchcraft trial (1878)
    
    The Salem witchcraft trial of 1878, also known as the Ipswich witchcraft trial and the second Salem witch trial, was an American civil case held in May 1878 in Salem, Massachusetts, in which Lucretia L. S. Brown, an adherent of the Christian Science religion, accused fellow Christian Scientist Daniel H. Spofford of attempting to harm her through his "mesmeric" mental powers. By 1918, it was considered the last witchcraft trial held in the United States. The case garnered significant attention for its startling claims and the fact that it took place in Salem, the scene of the 1692 Salem witch trials. The judge dismissed the case.
  2. Salem, Massachusetts
    
    Salem is a historic coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, located on the North Shore of Greater Boston. Continuous settlement by Europeans began in 1626 with English colonists. Salem would become one of the most significant seaports trading commodities in early American history.
2. The last witchcraft trial held in the United States begins in Salem, Massachusetts, after Lucretia Brown, an adherent of Christian Science, accused Daniel Spofford of attempting to harm her through his mental powers.
  1. Salem witchcraft trial (1878)
    
    The Salem witchcraft trial of 1878, also known as the Ipswich witchcraft trial and the second Salem witch trial, was an American civil case held in May 1878 in Salem, Massachusetts, in which Lucretia L. S. Brown, an adherent of the Christian Science religion, accused fellow Christian Scientist Daniel H. Spofford of attempting to harm her through his "mesmeric" mental powers. By 1918, it was considered the last witchcraft trial held in the United States. The case garnered significant attention for its startling claims and the fact that it took place in Salem, the scene of the 1692 Salem witch trials. The judge dismissed the case.
  2. Christian Science
    
    Christian Science is a set of beliefs and practices associated with members of the Church of Christ, Scientist. Adherents are commonly known as Christian Scientists or students of Christian Science, and the church is sometimes informally known as the Christian Science church. It was founded in 19th-century New England by Mary Baker Eddy, who wrote the 1875 book Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, which outlined the theology of Christian Science. The book became Christian Science's central text, along with the Bible, and by 2001 had sold over nine million copies.
1870
1. The first game of rugby in New Zealand is played in Nelson between Nelson College and the Nelson Rugby Football Club.
  1. Rugby football
    
    Rugby football is the collective name for the team sports of rugby union and rugby league.
  2. Nelson, New Zealand
    
    Nelson is a city on the eastern shores of Tasman Bay / Te Tai-o-Aorere. Nelson is the oldest city in the South Island and the second-oldest settled city in New Zealand – it was established in 1841 and became a city by royal charter in 1858.
  3. Nelson College
    
    Nelson College is the oldest state secondary school in New Zealand. It is an all-boys school in the City of Nelson that teaches from years 9 to 13. In addition, it runs a private preparatory school for year 7 and 8 boys. The school also has places for boarders, who live in two boarding houses adjacent to the main school buildings on the same campus.
1868
1. Boshin War: Troops of the Tokugawa shogunate withdrew from the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle and retreated north towards Nikkō and Aizu.
  1. Boshin War
    
    The Boshin War , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperial Court.
  2. Tokugawa shogunate
    
    The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the Edo shogunate , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868.
  3. Battle of Utsunomiya Castle
    
    The Battle of Utsunomiya Castle was a battle between pro-imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan in May 1868. It occurred as the troops of the Tokugawa shogunate were retreating north towards Nikkō and Aizu.
  4. Nikkō
    
    Nikkō is a city located in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. As of 2 December 2020, the city had an estimated population of 80,239 in 36,531 households, and a population density of 55 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 1,449.83 square kilometres (559.78 sq mi). It is a popular destination for Japanese and international tourists. Attractions include the mausoleum of shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu and that of his grandson Iemitsu, and the Futarasan Shrine, which dates to the year 767 AD. There are also many famous hot springs (onsen) in the area. Elevations range from 200 to 2,000 meters. The Japanese saying 【日光を見ずして結構と言うなかれ】 "Never say 'kekkō' until you've seen Nikkō"—kekkō meaning beautiful, magnificent or "I am satisfied"—is a reflection of the beauty and sites in Nikkō.
  5. Aizu
    
    Aizu (会津) is the westernmost of the three regions of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, the other two regions being Nakadōri in the central area of the prefecture and Hamadōri in the east. As of October 1, 2010, it had a population of 291,838. The principal city of the area is Aizuwakamatsu.
2. Boshin War: The Battle of Utsunomiya Castle ends as former Tokugawa shogunate forces withdraw northward.
  1. Boshin War
    
    The Boshin War , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperial Court.
  2. Battle of Utsunomiya Castle
    
    The Battle of Utsunomiya Castle was a battle between pro-imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan in May 1868. It occurred as the troops of the Tokugawa shogunate were retreating north towards Nikkō and Aizu.
1863
1. American Civil War: Union troops captured Jackson, the capital of Mississippi.
  1. American Civil War
    
    The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union and the Confederacy, the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction.
  2. Union Army
    
    During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. It proved essential to the preservation of the United States as a working, viable republic.
  3. Battle of Jackson, Mississippi
    
    The Battle of Jackson was fought on May 14, 1863, in Jackson, Mississippi, as part of the Vicksburg campaign during the American Civil War. After entering the state of Mississippi in late April 1863, Major General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union Army moved his force inland to strike at the strategic Mississippi River town of Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Battle of Raymond, which was fought on May 12, convinced Grant that General Joseph E. Johnston's Confederate army was too strong to be safely bypassed, so he sent two corps, under Major Generals James B. McPherson and William T. Sherman, to capture Johnston's position at Jackson. Johnston did not believe the city was defensible and began withdrawing. Brigadier General John Gregg was tasked with commanding the Confederate rear guard, which fought Sherman's and McPherson's men at Jackson on May 14 before withdrawing. After taking the city, Union troops destroyed economic and military infrastructure and also plundered civilians' homes. Grant then moved against Vicksburg, which he placed under siege on May 18 and captured on July 4. Despite being reinforced, Johnston made only a weak effort to save the Vicksburg garrison, and was driven out of Jackson a second time in mid-July.
  4. Mississippi
    
    Mississippi is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee; to the east by Alabama; to the south by the Gulf of Mexico; to the southwest by Louisiana; and to the northwest by Arkansas. Mississippi's western boundary is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Mississippi is the 32nd largest and 35th-most populous of the 50 U.S. states and has the lowest per-capita income in the United States. Jackson is both the state's capital and largest city. Greater Jackson is the state's most populous metropolitan area, with a population of 591,978 in 2020.
2. American Civil War: The Battle of Jackson takes place.
  1. American Civil War
    
    The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union and the Confederacy, the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction.
  2. Battle of Jackson, Mississippi
    
    The Battle of Jackson was fought on May 14, 1863, in Jackson, Mississippi, as part of the Vicksburg campaign during the American Civil War. After entering the state of Mississippi in late April 1863, Major General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union Army moved his force inland to strike at the strategic Mississippi River town of Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Battle of Raymond, which was fought on May 12, convinced Grant that General Joseph E. Johnston's Confederate army was too strong to be safely bypassed, so he sent two corps, under Major Generals James B. McPherson and William T. Sherman, to capture Johnston's position at Jackson. Johnston did not believe the city was defensible and began withdrawing. Brigadier General John Gregg was tasked with commanding the Confederate rear guard, which fought Sherman's and McPherson's men at Jackson on May 14 before withdrawing. After taking the city, Union troops destroyed economic and military infrastructure and also plundered civilians' homes. Grant then moved against Vicksburg, which he placed under siege on May 18 and captured on July 4. Despite being reinforced, Johnston made only a weak effort to save the Vicksburg garrison, and was driven out of Jackson a second time in mid-July.
1856
1. Major Henry C. Wayne arrived in Indianola, Texas, with 34 camels to form the short-lived United States Camel Corps (pictured).
  1. Henry C. Wayne
    
    Henry Constantine Wayne was a United States Army officer, and is known for his commanding the expedition to test the U.S. Camel Corps as part of Secretary of War Jefferson Davis's plan to use camels as a transport in the West. Wayne was also a Confederate adjutant and inspector-general for Georgia and a brigadier general during the American Civil War.
  2. Indianola, Texas
    
    Indianola is a ghost town located on Matagorda Bay in Calhoun County, Texas, United States. The community, once the county seat of Calhoun County, is a part of the Victoria, Texas, Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1875, the city had a population of 5,000, but on September 15 of that year, a powerful hurricane struck, killing between 150 and 300 and almost entirely destroying the town. Indianola was rebuilt, only to be wiped out on August 19, 1886, by another intense hurricane, which was followed by a fire. Indianola was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1963, marker number 2642.
  3. United States Camel Corps
    
    The United States Camel Corps was a mid-19th-century experiment by the United States Army in using camels as pack animals in the Southwestern United States. Although the camels proved to be hardy and well suited to travel through the region, the Army declined to adopt them for military use. The Civil War interfered with the experiment, which was eventually abandoned; the animals were sold at auction.
1853
1. Mindon Min was crowned as King of Burma, beginning a 25-year rule.
  1. Mindon Min
    
    Mindon Min, born Maung Lwin, was the penultimate King of Burma (Myanmar) from 1853 to 1878. He was one of the most popular and revered kings of Burma. Under his half brother King Pagan, the Second Anglo-Burmese War in 1852 ended with the annexation of Lower Burma by the British Empire. Mindon and his younger brother Kanaung overthrew their half brother King Pagan. He spent most of his reign trying to defend the upper part of his country from British encroachments, and to modernize his kingdom.
  2. Coronation of Mindon Min
    
    The coronation (Rajabhiseka) of Mindon Min and Setkya Dewi as king and queen of the Konbaung Kingdom took place at Mandalay Palace on 14 May 1857.
1836
1. The Treaties of Velasco are signed in Velasco, Texas.
  1. Treaties of Velasco
    
    The Treaties of Velasco were two documents, one private and the other public, signed in Fort Velasco on May 14, 1836 between General Antonio López de Santa Anna and the Republic of Texas in the aftermath of the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836. The part of the former Velasco, Texas, in which the fort was located is now part of the present-day location of Surfside Beach. The signatories were Interim President David G. Burnet for Texas and Santa Anna for Mexico. Texas intended the agreements to conclude hostilities between the two armies and offer the first steps toward the official recognition of Texas's independence from Mexico. At their drafting, the documents were called a "Public Agreement" and a "Secret Treaty."
1811
1. Paraguay: Pedro Juan Caballero, Fulgencio Yegros and José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia start actions to depose the Spanish governor.
  1. Paraguay
    
    Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. It has a population of seven million, nearly three million of whom live in the capital and largest city of Asunción, and its surrounding metro. Although one of only two landlocked countries in South America, Paraguay has ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean, through the Paraná-Paraguay Waterway.
  2. Pedro Juan Caballero (politician)
    
    Pedro Juan Caballero was a leading figure of Paraguayan independence. He was born in Tobatí, a town located Cordillera Department of Paraguay which was then part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. He was one of the major leaders of the Revolution of May 14, 1811, despite being six years younger than the leading figure of Independence period Fulgencio Yegros and 20 years younger than the future dictator of Paraguay José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. In 1820 he was accused of being involved in the conspiracy against Francia, and committed suicide in his cell on July 13, 1821. The Paraguayan city of Pedro Juan Caballero is named after him.
  3. Fulgencio Yegros
    
    Fulgencio Yegros y Franco de Torres was Paraguayan soldier and first head of state of independent Paraguay. The town of Yegros is named in his honor.
  4. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
    
    José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco was a Paraguayan lawyer and politician, and the first dictator (1814–1840) of Paraguay following its 1811 independence from the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. His official title was "Supreme and Perpetual Dictator of Paraguay", but he was popularly known as El Supremo.
1804
1. Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, the Corps of Discovery left Camp Dubois near present-day Hartford, Illinois, to begin the first overland expedition to the West Coast of the United States and back.
  1. Meriwether Lewis
    
    Meriwether Lewis was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark. Their mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase, establish trade with, and sovereignty over the natives near the Missouri River, and claim the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country for the United States before European nations. They also collected scientific data, and information on indigenous nations. President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806. He died of gunshot wounds in what was either a murder or suicide, in 1809. While the Louisiana Purchase was not made official until July 1803, President Jefferson secretly requested Congress to fund the expedition in January 1803.
  2. William Clark
    
    William Clark was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in pre-statehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Missouri.
  3. Corps of Discovery
    
    The Corps of Discovery was a specially established unit of the United States Army which formed the nucleus of the Lewis and Clark Expedition that took place between May 1804 and September 1806. The Corps was led jointly by Captain Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson, the Corps' objectives were scientific and commercial – to study the area's plants, animal life, and geography, and to learn how the Louisiana Purchase could be exploited economically. Aside from its military composition, the Corps' additional personnel included scouts, boatmen, and civilians.
  4. Camp Dubois
    
    Camp Dubois, near present-day Wood River, Illinois, served as the winter camp and launch-point for the exploration of the Louisiana Purchase by the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
  5. Hartford, Illinois
    
    Hartford is a village in Madison County, Illinois, United States, on the Mississippi River near the mouth of the Missouri River. The population was 1,429 at the 2010 census. Lewis and Clark spent the winter of 1803-1804 there, near what has been designated the Lewis and Clark State Historic Site.
  6. Lewis and Clark Expedition
    
    The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was a select group of U.S. Army and civilian volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis and his close friend Second Lieutenant William Clark. Clark and 30 members set out from Camp Dubois, Illinois, on May 14, 1804, met Lewis and ten other members of the group in St. Charles, Missouri, then went up the Missouri River. The expedition crossed the Continental Divide of the Americas near the Lemhi Pass, eventually coming to the Columbia River, and the Pacific Ocean in 1805. The return voyage began on March 23, 1806, at Fort Clatsop, Oregon, and ended on September 23 of the same year.
  7. West Coast of the United States
    
    The West Coast of the United States, also known as the Pacific Coast, Pacific states, and the western seaboard, is the coastline along which the Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. The term typically refers to the contiguous U.S. states of California, Oregon, and Washington, but sometimes includes Alaska and Hawaii, especially by the United States Census Bureau as a U.S. geographic division.
2. William Clark and 42 men depart from Camp Dubois to join Meriwether Lewis at St Charles, Missouri, marking the beginning of the Lewis and Clark Expedition's historic journey up the Missouri River.
  1. William Clark
    
    William Clark was an American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. A native of Virginia, he grew up in pre-statehood Kentucky before later settling in what became the state of Missouri.
  2. Camp Dubois
    
    Camp Dubois, near present-day Wood River, Illinois, served as the winter camp and launch-point for the exploration of the Louisiana Purchase by the Lewis and Clark Expedition.
  3. Meriwether Lewis
    
    Meriwether Lewis was an American explorer, soldier, politician, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark. Their mission was to explore the territory of the Louisiana Purchase, establish trade with, and sovereignty over the natives near the Missouri River, and claim the Pacific Northwest and Oregon Country for the United States before European nations. They also collected scientific data, and information on indigenous nations. President Thomas Jefferson appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806. He died of gunshot wounds in what was either a murder or suicide, in 1809. While the Louisiana Purchase was not made official until July 1803, President Jefferson secretly requested Congress to fund the expedition in January 1803.
  4. St. Charles, Missouri
    
    Saint Charles is a city in, and the county seat of, St. Charles County, Missouri, United States. The population was 65,794 at the 2010 census, making St. Charles the ninth-largest city in Missouri. Situated on the Missouri River, St. Charles, Missouri is a northwestern suburb of St. Louis.
  5. Lewis and Clark Expedition
    
    The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was a select group of U.S. Army and civilian volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis and his close friend Second Lieutenant William Clark. Clark and 30 members set out from Camp Dubois, Illinois, on May 14, 1804, met Lewis and ten other members of the group in St. Charles, Missouri, then went up the Missouri River. The expedition crossed the Continental Divide of the Americas near the Lemhi Pass, eventually coming to the Columbia River, and the Pacific Ocean in 1805. The return voyage began on March 23, 1806, at Fort Clatsop, Oregon, and ended on September 23 of the same year.
  6. Missouri River
    
    The Missouri River is the longest river in the United States. Rising in the Rocky Mountains of the Eastern Centennial Mountains of Southwestern Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for 2,341 miles (3,767 km) before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, Missouri. The river drains a sparsely populated, semi-arid watershed of more than 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 km2), which includes parts of ten U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. Although a tributary of the Mississippi, the Missouri River is marginally longer and carries a comparable volume of water. When combined with the lower Mississippi River, it forms the world's fourth longest river system.
1800
1. The 6th United States Congress recesses, and the process of moving the Federal government of the United States from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C., begins the following day.
  1. 6th United States Congress
    
    The 6th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1799, to March 4, 1801, during the last two years of John Adams's presidency. It was the last Congress of the 18th century and the first to convene in the 19th. The apportionment of seats in House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Federalist majority. This was the last Congress in which the Federalist Party controlled the presidency or either chamber of Congress.
  2. Recess (break)
    
    Recess is a general term for a period in which a group of people are temporarily dismissed from their duties.
  3. Federal government of the United States
    
    The federal government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a federal republic located primarily in North America, composed of 50 states, a city within a federal district, five major self-governing territories and several island possessions. The federal government, sometimes simply referred to as Washington, is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U.S. Constitution in the Congress, the president and the federal courts, respectively. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts of Congress, including the creation of executive departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court.
  4. Philadelphia
    
    Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Since 1854, the city has been coextensive with Philadelphia County, the most populous county in Pennsylvania and the urban core of the Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest and one of world's largest metropolitan regions, with 6.245 million residents as of 2020. The city's population as of the 2020 census was 1,603,797, and over 56 million people live within 250 mi (400 km) of Philadelphia.
  5. Washington, D.C.
    
    Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia, also known as just Washington or simply D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. It is located on the east bank of the Potomac River, which forms its southwestern and southern border with the U.S. state of Virginia, and it shares a land border with the U.S. state of Maryland on its other sides. The city was named for George Washington, a Founding Father and the first president of the United States, and the federal district is named after Columbia, the female personification of the nation. As the seat of the U.S. federal government and several international organizations, the city is an important world political capital. It is one of the most visited cities in the U.S. with over 20 million annual visitors as of 2016.
1796
1. English physician Edward Jenner inoculated eight-year-old James Phipps, testing his hypothesis that cowpox infection would protect a patient from smallpox.
  1. Edward Jenner
    
    Edward Jenner, was a British physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines including creating the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae, the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.
  2. Inoculation
    
    Inoculation is the act of implanting a pathogen or other microorganism. It may refer to methods of artificially inducing immunity against various infectious diseases, or it may be used to describe the spreading of disease, as in "self-inoculation," the spreading of disease from one part of the body to another, or even to the spreading of bacteria in a Petri dish for culturing purposes. The terms "inoculation", "vaccination", and "immunization" are often used synonymously, but there are some important differences among them. Inoculation is the act of implanting a disease inside a person or animal, vaccination is the act of implanting or giving someone a vaccine specifically, and immunization is what happens to the immune system as a result.
  3. James Phipps
    
    James Phipps was the first person given the experimental cowpox vaccine by Edward Jenner. Jenner knew of a local belief that dairy workers who had contracted a relatively mild infection called cowpox were immune to smallpox, and successfully tested his theory on the 8-years-old James Phipps.
  4. Cowpox
    
    Cowpox is an infectious disease caused by the cowpox virus (CPXV). It presents with large blisters in the skin, a fever and swollen glands, historically typically following contact with an infected cow, though in the last several decades more often from infected cats. The hands and face are most frequently affected and the spots are generally very painful.
  5. Smallpox
    
    Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, making it the only human disease to be eradicated.
2. Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox inoculation.
  1. Edward Jenner
    
    Edward Jenner, was a British physician and scientist who pioneered the concept of vaccines including creating the smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae, the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 in the title of his Inquiry into the Variolae vaccinae known as the Cow Pox, in which he described the protective effect of cowpox against smallpox.
  2. Smallpox
    
    Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, making it the only human disease to be eradicated.
  3. Inoculation
    
    Inoculation is the act of implanting a pathogen or other microorganism. It may refer to methods of artificially inducing immunity against various infectious diseases, or it may be used to describe the spreading of disease, as in "self-inoculation," the spreading of disease from one part of the body to another, or even to the spreading of bacteria in a Petri dish for culturing purposes. The terms "inoculation", "vaccination", and "immunization" are often used synonymously, but there are some important differences among them. Inoculation is the act of implanting a disease inside a person or animal, vaccination is the act of implanting or giving someone a vaccine specifically, and immunization is what happens to the immune system as a result.
1747
1. War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral George Anson defeats the French at the First Battle of Cape Finisterre.
  1. War of the Austrian Succession
    
    The War of the Austrian Succession was a European conflict that took place between 1740 and 1748. Fought primarily in Central Europe, the Austrian Netherlands, Italy, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, related conflicts included King George's War in North America, the War of Jenkins' Ear, the First Carnatic War and the First and Second Silesian Wars.
  2. George Anson, 1st Baron Anson
    
    Admiral of the Fleet George Anson, 1st Baron Anson, was a Royal Navy officer. Anson served as a junior officer during the War of the Spanish Succession and then saw active service against Spain at the Battle of Cape Passaro during the War of the Quadruple Alliance. He then undertook a circumnavigation of the globe during the War of Jenkins' Ear. Anson commanded the fleet that defeated the French Admiral de la Jonquière at the First Battle of Cape Finisterre during the War of the Austrian Succession.
  3. First Battle of Cape Finisterre (1747)
    
    The First Battle of Cape Finisterre was waged during the War of the Austrian Succession. It refers to the attack by 14 British ships of the line under Admiral George Anson against a French 30-ship convoy commanded by Admiral de la Jonquière. The French were attempting to protect their merchant ships by using warships with them. The British captured 4 ships of the line, 2 frigates, and 7 merchantmen, in a five-hour battle in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Finisterre in northwest Spain. One French frigate, one French East India Company warship, and the other merchantmen escaped.
1643
1. Four-year-old Louis XIV becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XIII.
  1. Louis XIV
    
    Louis XIV, also known as Louis the Great or the Sun King, was King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any sovereign in history whose date is verifiable. Although Louis XIV's France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe, the King surrounded himself with a variety of significant political, military, and cultural figures, such as Bossuet, Colbert, Le Brun, Le Nôtre, Lully, Mazarin, Molière, Racine, Turenne, and Vauban.
  2. Louis XIII
    
    Louis XIII was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
1610
1. Henry IV of France is assassinated by Catholic zealot François Ravaillac, and Louis XIII ascends the throne.
  1. Henry IV of France
    
    Henry IV, also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac, a Catholic zealot, and was succeeded by his son Louis XIII.
  2. Catholic Church
    
    The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
  3. François Ravaillac
    
    François Ravaillac was a French Catholic zealot who assassinated King Henry IV of France in 1610.
  4. Louis XIII
    
    Louis XIII was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
1608
1. The Protestant Union, a coalition of Protestant German states, is founded to defend the rights, land and safety of each member against the Catholic Church and Catholic German states.
  1. Protestant Union
    
    The Protestant Union, also known as the Evangelical Union, Union of Auhausen, German Union or the Protestant Action Party, was a coalition of Protestant German states. It was formed on 14 May 1608 by Frederick IV, Elector Palatine in order to defend the rights, land and safety of each member. It included both Calvinist and Lutheran states, and dissolved in 1621.
  2. Protestantism
    
    Protestantism is a form of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation: a movement within Western Christianity that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to be errors, abuses, innovations, discrepancies, and theological novums developing within the Catholic Church.
  3. Germany
    
    Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of 357,022 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi), with a population of almost 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.
  4. Catholic Church
    
    The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
1607
1. English colonists establish "James Fort," which would become Jamestown, Virginia, the earliest permanent English settlement in the Americas.
  1. Jamestown, Virginia
    
    The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. It was located on the northeast bank of the James (Powhatan) River about 2.5 mi (4 km) southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. It was established by the Virginia Company of London as "James Fort" on May 4, 1607 O.S., and was considered permanent after a brief abandonment in 1610. It followed several failed attempts, including the Lost Colony of Roanoke, established in 1585 on Roanoke Island, later part of North Carolina. Jamestown served as the colonial capital from 1616 until 1699. Despite the dispatch of more settlers and supplies, including the 1608 arrival of eight Polish and German colonists and the first two European women, more than 80 percent of the colonists died in 1609–10, mostly from starvation and disease. In mid-1610, the survivors abandoned Jamestown, though they returned after meeting a resupply convoy in the James River.
1509
1. Battle of Agnadello: In northern Italy, French forces defeat the Republic of Venice.
  1. Battle of Agnadello
    
    The Battle of Agnadello, also known as Vailà, was one of the most significant battles of the War of the League of Cambrai and one of the major battles of the Italian Wars.
1264
1. Second Barons' War: King Henry III was defeated at the Battle of Lewes and forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, making Simon de Montfort the de facto ruler of England.
  1. Second Barons' War
    
    The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of a number of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by de Montfort's supporters, including his sons Henry and Simon, in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham.
  2. Henry III of England
    
    Henry III, also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War. Cardinal Guala Bicchieri declared the war against the rebel barons to be a religious crusade and Henry's forces, led by William Marshal, defeated the rebels at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217. Henry promised to abide by the Great Charter of 1225, a later version of the 1215 Magna Carta, which limited royal power and protected the rights of the major barons. His early rule was dominated first by Hubert de Burgh and then Peter des Roches, who re-established royal authority after the war. In 1230, the King attempted to reconquer the provinces of France that had once belonged to his father, but the invasion was a debacle. A revolt led by William Marshal's son Richard broke out in 1232, ending in a peace settlement negotiated by the Church.
  3. Battle of Lewes
    
    The Battle of Lewes was one of two main battles of the conflict known as the Second Barons' War. It took place at Lewes in Sussex, on 14 May 1264. It marked the high point of the career of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and made him the "uncrowned King of England". Henry III left the safety of Lewes Castle and St. Pancras Priory to engage the barons in battle and was initially successful, his son Prince Edward routing part of the baronial army with a cavalry charge. However, Edward pursued his quarry off the battlefield and left Henry's men exposed. Henry was forced to launch an infantry attack up Offham Hill where he was defeated by the barons' men defending the hilltop. The royalists fled back to the castle and priory and the King was forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, ceding many of his powers to Montfort.
  4. Mise of Lewes
    
    The Mise of Lewes was a settlement made on 14 May 1264 between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons, led by Simon de Montfort. The settlement was made on the day of the Battle of Lewes, one of the two major battles of the Second Barons' War. The conflict between king and magnates was caused by dissatisfaction with the influence of foreigners at court and Henry's high level and new methods of taxation. In 1258 Henry was forced to accept the Provisions of Oxford, which essentially left the royal government in the hands of a council of magnates, but this document went through a long series of revocations and reinstatements. In 1263, as the country was on the brink of civil war, the two parties agreed to submit the matter to arbitration by the French king Louis IX. Louis was a firm believer in the royal prerogative, and decided clearly in favour of Henry. The outcome was unacceptable for the rebellious barons, and war between the two parties broke out almost immediately.
  5. Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester
    
    Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, later sometimes referred to as Simon V de Montfort to distinguish him from his namesake relatives, was a nobleman of French origin and a member of the English peerage, who led the baronial opposition to the rule of King Henry III of England, culminating in the Second Barons' War. Following his initial victories over royal forces, he became de facto ruler of the country, and played a major role in the constitutional development of England.
  6. De facto
    
    De facto describes practices that exist in reality, whether or not they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms. It is commonly used to refer to what happens in practice, in contrast with de jure, which refers to things that happen according to official law, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.
2. Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured and forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, making Simon de Montfort the effective ruler of England.
  1. Battle of Lewes
    
    The Battle of Lewes was one of two main battles of the conflict known as the Second Barons' War. It took place at Lewes in Sussex, on 14 May 1264. It marked the high point of the career of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, and made him the "uncrowned King of England". Henry III left the safety of Lewes Castle and St. Pancras Priory to engage the barons in battle and was initially successful, his son Prince Edward routing part of the baronial army with a cavalry charge. However, Edward pursued his quarry off the battlefield and left Henry's men exposed. Henry was forced to launch an infantry attack up Offham Hill where he was defeated by the barons' men defending the hilltop. The royalists fled back to the castle and priory and the King was forced to sign the Mise of Lewes, ceding many of his powers to Montfort.
  2. Mise of Lewes
    
    The Mise of Lewes was a settlement made on 14 May 1264 between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons, led by Simon de Montfort. The settlement was made on the day of the Battle of Lewes, one of the two major battles of the Second Barons' War. The conflict between king and magnates was caused by dissatisfaction with the influence of foreigners at court and Henry's high level and new methods of taxation. In 1258 Henry was forced to accept the Provisions of Oxford, which essentially left the royal government in the hands of a council of magnates, but this document went through a long series of revocations and reinstatements. In 1263, as the country was on the brink of civil war, the two parties agreed to submit the matter to arbitration by the French king Louis IX. Louis was a firm believer in the royal prerogative, and decided clearly in favour of Henry. The outcome was unacceptable for the rebellious barons, and war between the two parties broke out almost immediately.
1097
1. The Siege of Nicaea begins during the First Crusade.
  1. Siege of Nicaea
    
    The siege of Nicaea was the first major battle of the First Crusade, taking place from 14 May to 19 June 1097. The city was under the control the Seljuk Turks who opted to surrender to the Byzantines in fear of the crusaders breaking into the city. The siege was followed by the Battle of Dorylaeum and the Siege of Antioch, all taking place in modern Turkey.
  2. First Crusade
    
    The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. While Jerusalem had been under Muslim rule for hundreds of years, by the 11th century the Seljuk takeover of the region threatened local Christian populations, pilgrimages from the West, and the Byzantine Empire itself. The earliest initiative for the First Crusade began in 1095 when Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos requested military support from the Council of Piacenza in the empire's conflict with the Seljuk-led Turks. This was followed later in the year by the Council of Clermont, during which Pope Urban II supported the Byzantine request for military assistance and also urged faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
1027
1. Robert II of France names his son Henry I as junior King of the Franks.
  1. Robert II of France
    
    Robert II, called the Pious or the Wise, was King of the Franks from 996 to 1031, the second from the Capetian dynasty.
  2. Henry I of France
    
    Henry I was King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians. This is not entirely agreed upon, however, as other historians regard him as a strong but realistic king, who was forced to conduct a policy mindful of the limitations of the French monarchy.

Births & Deaths

2019
1. Tim Conway, American actor, writer, and comedian (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Tim Conway
    
    Thomas Daniel "Tim" Conway was an American actor, comedian, writer, and director. From 1966 to 2012 he appeared in more than 100 TV shows, TV series and films. Among his more notable roles, he portrayed the inept Ensign Parker in the 1960s World War II TV situation comedy McHale's Navy, was a regular cast member (1975–1978) on the TV comedy The Carol Burnett Show where he portrayed his recurrent iconic characters Mister Tudball, the Oldest Man and the Dumb Private, co-starred with Don Knotts in several films (1975–80), was the title character in the Dorf series of eight sports comedy direct-to-video films (1987–1996), and provided the voice of Barnacle Boy in the animated series SpongeBob SquarePants (1999–2012). Twice, in 1970 and in 1980–1981, he had his own TV series.
2. Grumpy Cat, American cat and internet meme celebrity (b. 2012) deaths
  1. Grumpy Cat
    
    Tardar Sauce, nicknamed Grumpy Cat, was an American Internet celebrity cat. She was known for her permanently "grumpy" facial appearance, which was caused by an underbite and feline dwarfism. She came to prominence when a photograph of her was posted on September 22, 2012, on social news website Reddit by Bryan Bundesen, the brother of her owner Tabatha Bundesen. "Lolcats" and parodies created from the photograph by Reddit users became popular. She was the subject of a popular Internet meme in which humorously negative, cynical images were made from photographs of her.
2018
1. Tom Wolfe, American author (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Tom Wolfe
    
    Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. was an American author and journalist widely known for his association with New Journalism, a style of news writing and journalism developed in the 1960s and 1970s that incorporated literary techniques.
2017
1. Powers Boothe, American actor (b. 1948) deaths
  1. Powers Boothe
    
    Powers Allen Boothe was an American actor. He won an Emmy in 1980 for his portrayal of Jim Jones in Guyana Tragedy: The Story of Jim Jones. He also played saloon owner Cy Tolliver on Deadwood, "Curly Bill" Brocius in Tombstone, President Noah Daniels on 24, and Lamar Wyatt in Nashville. He was also the voice of Gorilla Grodd in the DC Animated Universe shows Justice League and Justice League Unlimited.
2016
1. Darwyn Cooke, American comic book writer and artist (b. 1962) deaths
  1. Darwyn Cooke
    
    Darwyn Cooke was a Canadian comics artist, writer, cartoonist, and animator who worked on the comic books Catwoman, DC: The New Frontier, The Spirit and Richard Stark's Parker: The Hunter. His work has been honoured with numerous Eisner, Harvey, and Joe Shuster Awards.
2015
1. B.B. King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1925) deaths
  1. B.B. King
    
    Riley B. King, known professionally as B.B. King, was an American blues singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer. He introduced a sophisticated style of soloing based on fluid string bending, shimmering vibrato and staccato picking that influenced many later blues electric guitar players. AllMusic recognized King as "the single most important electric guitarist of the last half of the 20th century".
2. Micheál O'Brien, Irish footballer and hurler (b. 1923) deaths
  1. Micheál O'Brien
    
    Micheál O'Brien was an Irish Gaelic footballer and hurler who played at senior level for the Meath county team.
3. Stanton J. Peale, American astrophysicist and academic (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Stanton J. Peale
    
    Stanton Jerrold Peale was an American astrophysicist, planetary scientist, and Professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara. His research interests include the geophysical and dynamical properties of planets and exoplanets.
4. Franz Wright, Austrian-American poet and translator (b. 1953) deaths
  1. Franz Wright
    
    Franz Wright was an American poet. He and his father James Wright are the only parent/child pair to have won the Pulitzer Prize in the same category.
2014
1. Jeffrey Kruger, English-American businessman (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Jeffrey Kruger
    
    Jeffrey Sonny Kruger MBE was a British entertainment business executive who owned the Flamingo Club in Soho, London, established the independent record label Ember Records, and set up the music business conglomerate TKO.
2. Emanuel Raymond Lewis, American librarian and author (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Emanuel Raymond Lewis
    
    Emanuel Raymond Lewis was the longest-serving and final House Librarian for the United States House of Representatives Library in the U.S. Capitol Building. He was appointed House Librarian in 1973, and served in this position until January 1995, at which time the library, along with the House Historical Office, were reorganized and placed under the new Legislative Resource Center, a division of the Office of the Clerk. The House Library predated the Library of Congress, serving as the official repository of Congressional documents generated by the U.S. House of Representatives since 1792.
3. Morvin Simon, New Zealand historian, composer, and conductor (b. 1944) deaths
  1. Morvin Simon
    
    Morvin Te Anatipa Simon was a New Zealand Māori composer, kapa haka leader, choirmaster and historian.
2013
1. Wayne Brown, American accountant and politician, 14th Mayor of Mesa (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Wayne Brown (American politician)
    
    Wayne Brown was an American politician and accountant. Brown served for two, two-year terms as the Mayor of Mesa, Arizona from 1996 to 2000. He spearheaded the movement to building the Mesa Arts Center in downtown Mesa, now the largest performing arts campus in Arizona.
  2. List of mayors of Mesa, Arizona
    
    The following is a list of the mayors of Mesa, Arizona.
2. Arsen Chilingaryan, Armenian footballer and manager (b. 1962) deaths
  1. Arsen Chilingaryan
    
    Arsen Chilingaryan was a Soviet Armenian football defender.
3. Asghar Ali Engineer, Indian author and activist (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Asghar Ali Engineer
    
    Asghar Ali Engineer was an Indian reformist writer and social activist. Internationally known for his work on liberation theology in Islam, he led the Progressive Dawoodi Bohra movement. The focus of his work was on communalism and communal and ethnic violence in India and South Asia. He was a votary of peace and non-violence and lectured all over world on communal harmony.
4. Ray Guy, Canadian journalist (b. 1939) deaths
  1. Ray Guy (humorist)
    
    Ray Guy was a Canadian journalist and humourist, best known for his satirical newspaper and magazine columns.
2012
1. Ernst Hinterberger, Austrian author and screenwriter (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Ernst Hinterberger
    
    Ernst Hinterberger was an Austrian writer of novels, particularly detective novels, plays and successful sitcoms. His first TV scripts were unusual for their use of genuine Vienna dialect.
2. Mario Trejo, Argentinian poet, playwright, and journalist (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Mario Trejo
    
    Mario Trejo was an Argentine poet, playwright, screenwriter, and journalist.
2010
1. Frank J. Dodd, American businessman and politician, president of the New Jersey Senate (b. 1938) deaths
  1. Frank J. Dodd
    
    Frank J. "Pat" Dodd was an American businessman and Democratic Party politician who served as President of the New Jersey Senate from 1974 to 1975.
  2. New Jersey Senate
    
    The New Jersey Senate was established as the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature by the Constitution of 1844, replacing the Legislative Council. There are 40 legislative districts, representing districts with average populations of 232,225. Each district has one senator and two members of the New Jersey General Assembly, the lower house of the legislature. Prior to the election in which they are chosen, senators must be a minimum of 30 years old and a resident of the state for four years to be eligible to serve in office.
2. Norman Hand, American football player (b. 1972) deaths
  1. Norman Hand
    
    Norman Lamont Hand was an American football defensive tackle in the NFL. He last played with the New York Giants in 2004. He also played with the Seattle Seahawks, the New Orleans Saints, the San Diego Chargers and the Miami Dolphins. With the Saints, Hand was part of a defensive line nicknamed "The Heavy Lunch Bunch", along with fellow 325-pounders Martin Chase and Grady Jackson. Hand was noted for his "Big Wiggle" celebration dance, and in 2000 he was part of the team that won the Saints' first playoff game.
3. Goh Keng Swee, Singaporean soldier and politician, 2nd Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Goh Keng Swee
    
    Goh Keng Swee, born Robert Goh Keng Swee, was a Singaporean politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore between 1973 and 1985. Goh is widely recognised as one of the founding fathers of Singapore. He was also one of the founders of the People's Action Party (PAP), which has governed the country continuously since independence.
  2. Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
    
    The deputy prime minister of Singapore is the deputy head of government of the Republic of Singapore. The incumbent deputy prime ministers are Heng Swee Keat and Lawrence Wong, who took office on 1 May 2019 and 13 June 2022 respectively.
2007
1. Mary Scheier, American sculptor and educator (b. 1908) deaths
  1. Mary Scheier
    
    Mary Scheier was a noted American ceramicist, and the wife and artistic partner of Edwin Scheier.
2. Ülo Jõgi, Estonian historian and author (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Ülo Jõgi
    
    Ülo Jõgi was an Estonian war historian who was active in the Estonian resistance against the Soviet occupation of Estonia.
2006
1. Lew Anderson, American actor and saxophonist (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Lew Anderson
    
    Lewis Burr Anderson was an American actor and musician. He is widely known by TV fans as the third and final actor to portray Clarabell the Clown on Howdy Doody between 1954 and 1960. He famously spoke Clarabell's only line on the show's final episode in 1960, with a tear visible in his right eye, "Goodbye, kids." Anderson is also widely known by jazz music fans as a prolific jazz arranger, big band leader, and alto saxophonist. Anderson also played the clarinet.
2. Stanley Kunitz, American poet and translator (b. 1905) deaths
  1. Stanley Kunitz
    
    Stanley Jasspon Kunitz was an American poet. He was appointed Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress twice, first in 1974 and then again in 2000.
3. Eva Norvind, Mexican actress, director, and producer (b. 1944) deaths
  1. Eva Norvind
    
    Eva Norvind was a Norwegian-born Mexican actress, writer, documentary producer, director, sex therapist, and dominatrix.
2005
1. Jimmy Martin, American musician (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Jimmy Martin
    
    James Henry Martin was an American bluegrass musician, known as the "King of Bluegrass".
2004
1. Anna Lee, English-American actress (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Anna Lee
    
    Anna Lee, MBE was a British actress, labelled by studios "The British Bombshell".
2003
1. Dave DeBusschere, American basketball player and coach (b. 1940) deaths
  1. Dave DeBusschere
    
    David Albert DeBusschere was an American professional National Basketball Association (NBA) player and coach and Major League Baseball (MLB) player. He played for the Chicago White Sox of MLB in 1962 and 1963 and in the NBA for the Detroit Pistons from 1962 through 1968 and for the New York Knicks from 1968 to 1974. He was also the head coach for the Pistons from 1964 through 1967.
2. Wendy Hiller, English actress (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Wendy Hiller
    
    Dame Wendy Margaret Hiller, was an English film and stage actress who enjoyed a varied acting career that spanned nearly 60 years. Writer Joel Hirschorn, in his 1984 compilation Rating the Movie Stars, described her as "a no-nonsense actress who literally took command of the screen whenever she appeared on film". Despite many notable film performances, Hiller chose to remain primarily a stage actress.
3. Robert Stack, American actor and producer (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Robert Stack
    
    Robert Stack was an American actor. Known for his deep voice and commanding presence, he appeared in over forty feature films. He starred in the ABC television series The Untouchables (1959–1963), for which he won the 1960 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Series, and later hosted/narrated the true-crime series Unsolved Mysteries (1987–2002). He was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film Written on the Wind (1956). Later in his career, Stack was known for his deadpan comedy roles that lampooned his dramatic on-screen persona, most notably as Capt. Rex Kramer in Airplane! (1980).
2001
1. Jack Hughes, American hockey player births
  1. Jack Hughes (ice hockey, born 2001)
    
    Jack Hughes is an American professional ice hockey center and alternate captain for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). A product of the U.S. National Development Team, Hughes was drafted first overall by the Devils in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft, a draft in which he was widely regarded as the top prospect.
2. Paul Bénichou, French writer, intellectual, critic, and literary historian (b. 1908) deaths
  1. Paul Bénichou
    
    Paul Bénichou was a French/Algerian writer, intellectual, critic, and literary historian.
3. Gil Langley, Australian cricketer, footballer, and politician (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Gil Langley
    
    Gilbert Roche Andrews Langley was an Australian Test cricketer, champion Australian rules footballer and member of parliament, serving as Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly from 1977 to 1979 for the Don Dunstan Labor government.
2000
1. Keizō Obuchi, Japanese politician, 84th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Keizō Obuchi
    
    Keizō Obuchi was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1998 to 2000.
  2. Prime Minister of Japan
    
    The prime minister of Japan is the head of government of Japan. The prime minister chairs the Cabinet of Japan and has the ability to select and dismiss its Ministers of State. The prime minister also serves as the civilian commander-in-chief of the Japan Self Defence Forces and as a sitting member of the House of Representatives. The individual is appointed by the emperor of Japan after being nominated by the National Diet and must retain the nomination of the lower house and answer to parliament to remain in office.
1998
1. Marjory Stoneman Douglas, American journalist and environmentalist (b. 1890) deaths
  1. Marjory Stoneman Douglas
    
    Marjory Stoneman Douglas was an American journalist, author, women's suffrage advocate, and conservationist known for her staunch defense of the Everglades against efforts to drain it and reclaim land for development. Moving to Miami as a young woman to work for The Miami Herald, she became a freelance writer, producing over one hundred short stories that were published in popular magazines. Her most influential work was the book The Everglades: River of Grass (1947), which redefined the popular conception of the Everglades as a treasured river instead of a worthless swamp. Its impact has been compared to that of Rachel Carson's influential book Silent Spring (1962). Her books, stories, and journalism career brought her influence in Miami, enabling her to advance her causes.
2. Frank Sinatra, American singer and actor (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Frank Sinatra
    
    Francis Albert Sinatra was an American singer and actor. Nicknamed the "Chairman of the Board" and later called "Ol' Blue Eyes", Sinatra was one of the most popular entertainers of the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. He is among the world's best-selling music artists with an estimated 150 million record sales.
1997
1. Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician and author (b. 1934) deaths
  1. Harry Blackstone Jr.
    
    Harry Bouton Blackstone Jr. was an American stage magician, author, and television performer. He is estimated to have pulled 80,000 rabbits from his sleeves and hats.
2. Boris Parsadanian, Armenian-Estonian violinist and composer (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Boris Parsadanian
    
    Boris Khristoforovich Parsadanian was an Armenian-Estonian composer.
1996
1. Blake Brockington, American trans man and activist (d. 2015) births
  1. Blake Brockington
    
    Blake Brockington was an American trans man whose suicide attracted international attention. He had previously received attention as the first openly transgender high school homecoming king in North Carolina, and had since been advocating for LGBT youth, the transgender community, and against police brutality.
2. Pokimane, Canadian online streamer births
  1. Pokimane
    
    Imane Anys, better known as Pokimane, is a Moroccan-Canadian Twitch streamer and YouTuber. She is best known for her live streams on Twitch, broadcasting video game content, most notably in League of Legends and Fortnite. She is currently the most-followed female streamer on the platform. She is a member and co-founder of OfflineTV, an online social entertainment group of content creators.
  2. Online streamer
    
    An online streamer or live streamer is a person who broadcasts themselves online through a live stream to an audience.
3. Martin Garrix, Dutch DJ births
  1. Martin Garrix
    
    Martijn Gerard Garritsen, known professionally as Martin Garrix and also as Ytram and GRX, is a Dutch disc jockey and music producer who was ranked number one on DJ Mag's Top 100 DJs list for three consecutive years—2016, 2017, and 2018. He is best known for his singles "Animals", "In the Name of Love", and "Scared to Be Lonely".
4. TheOdd1sOut, American YouTuber and animator births
  1. TheOdd1sOut
    
    Robert James Rallison, known online as TheOdd1sOut, is an American cartoonist, YouTuber, animator, author, and voice actor. He is known for producing storytime animations on his YouTube channel and being the co-creator and co-star of the animated Netflix series Oddballs.
1995
1. Bernardo Fernandes da Silva Junior, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Bernardo (footballer, born 1995)
    
    Bernardo Fernandes da Silva Junior, known simply as Bernardo, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Austrian Bundesliga side Red Bull Salzburg.
2. Rose Lavelle, American soccer player births
  1. Rose Lavelle
    
    Rosemary Kathleen Lavelle is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for OL Reign of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), and for the United States national team.
3. Jonah Placid, Australian rugby player births
  1. Jonah Placid
    
    Jonah Placid is an Australian rugby union player who currently plays as a fullback for the Rebels in Super Rugby. Domestically, he plays for Easts in the Queensland Premier Rugby tournament.
4. Christian B. Anfinsen, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1916) deaths
  1. Christian B. Anfinsen
    
    Christian Boehmer Anfinsen Jr. was an American biochemist. He shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Stanford Moore and William Howard Stein for work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation.
  2. Nobel Prize in Chemistry
    
    The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation, and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry which consists of five members elected by the Academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
1994
1. Marcos Aoás Corrêa, Brazilian footballer births
  1. Marquinhos
    
    Marcos Aoás Corrêa, known as Marquinhos, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain, which he captains, and the Brazil national team. He is widely regarded as one of the best defenders of his generation. Mainly a centre-back, he can also play as a right-back or a defensive midfielder.
2. Pernille Blume, Danish swimmer births
  1. Pernille Blume
    
    Pernille Blume is a former Danish swimmer specializing in sprint freestyle events. She competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. At the 2016 Summer Olympics she was the gold medalist in the women's 50 metre freestyle and won a bronze medal in the women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay where she swam the freestyle leg of the relay in both the prelims and the final. She also competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics, winning a bronze medal in the 50 metre freestyle.
3. Bronte Campbell, Australian swimmer births
  1. Bronte Campbell
    
    Bronte Campbell is a Malawian-born Australian competitive swimmer, a dual Olympic gold-medal winner and world champion. Her older sister, Cate, is also a competitive swimmer, and once held world records in both the short and long course 100 metre individual freestyle events. Bronte and Cate are the first Australian siblings on the same Olympic swimming team since the 1972 Olympics and the first Australian sisters ever to compete within the same swimming event at the Olympics. Bronte Campbell won three gold medals at the 2015 World Championships, including the 50 and 100 metre freestyle events.
4. Dennis Praet, Belgian footballer births
  1. Dennis Praet
    
    Dennis Praet is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Premier League club Leicester City, and the Belgium national team.
5. Cihat Arman, Turkish footballer and manager (b. 1915) deaths
  1. Cihat Arman
    
    Cihat Arman, was a Turkish football goalkeeper and manager. He represented Turkey at the 1936 Summer Olympics and the 1948 Summer Olympics.
6. W. Graham Claytor Jr., American businessman, lieutenant, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1914) deaths
  1. W. Graham Claytor Jr.
    
    William Graham Claytor Jr. was an American attorney, United States Navy officer, and railroad, transportation and defense administrator for the United States government, working under the administrations of three US presidents.
  2. United States Secretary of the Navy
    
    The secretary of the Navy is a statutory officer and the head of the Department of the Navy, a military department within the United States Department of Defense.
1993
1. Miranda Cosgrove, American actress and singer births
  1. Miranda Cosgrove
    
    Miranda Taylor Cosgrove is an American actress and singer. She was the highest-paid child actor in 2012 and was included on Forbes magazine's "30 Under 30" list in 2022. She is known for her career on television, particularly for her work in comedy drama productions, commercials, and hosting.
2. Kristina Mladenovic, French tennis player births
  1. Kristina Mladenovic
    
    Kristina "Kiki" Mladenovic is a French professional tennis player and a former world No. 1 in doubles.
3. Bence Rakaczki, Hungarian footballer (d. 2014) births
  1. Bence Rakaczki
    
    Bence Rakaczki was a Hungarian football player who played for Diósgyőri VTK.
4. William Randolph Hearst, Jr., American journalist and publisher (b. 1908) deaths
  1. William Randolph Hearst Jr.
    
    William Randolph Hearst Jr. was an American businessman and newspaper publisher. He was the second son of the publisher William Randolph Hearst. He became editor-in-chief of Hearst Newspapers after the death of his father in 1951. He won a Pulitzer Prize for his interview with Soviet premier, Nikita Khrushchev, and associated commentaries in 1955.
1992
1. Nie Rongzhen, Chinese general and politician, Mayor of Beijing (b. 1899) deaths
  1. Nie Rongzhen
    
    Nie Rongzhen was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader, and one of ten Marshals in the People's Liberation Army of China. He was the last surviving PLA officer with the rank of Marshal.
  2. Politics of Beijing
    
    The politics of Beijing is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China.
1991
1. Aladár Gerevich, Hungarian fencer (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Aladár Gerevich
    
    Aladár Gerevich was a Hungarian fencer, regarded as "the greatest Olympic swordsman ever". He won seven gold medals in sabre at six different Olympic Games.
1989
1. Rob Gronkowski, American football player births
  1. Rob Gronkowski
    
    Robert James Gronkowski is an American former football tight end who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 11 seasons. Nicknamed "Gronk", Gronkowski played nine seasons for the New England Patriots, then played his final two seasons for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Regarded as one of the greatest tight ends of all time, he is a four-time Super Bowl champion, a five-time Pro Bowl selection, a four-time First Team All-Pro selection, and was selected in the NFL 2010s All-Decade Team and NFL 100th Anniversary All-Time Team.
2. Alina Talay, Belorussian hurdler births
  1. Alina Talay
    
    Alina Henadzeuna Talay is a Belarusian track and field athlete who specialises in the 100 metres hurdles.
1988
1. Jayne Appel, American basketball player births
  1. Jayne Appel
    
    Jayne Appel-Marinelli is a retired center who last played for the San Antonio Stars of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) in 2016. She played collegiate basketball at Stanford University.
2. Willem Drees, Dutch politician and historian, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958) (b. 1886) deaths
  1. Willem Drees
    
    Willem Drees Sr. was a Dutch politician of the defunct Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and later co-founder of the Labour Party (PvdA) and historian who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 7 August 1948 to 22 December 1958.
  2. Prime Minister of the Netherlands
    
    The prime minister of the Netherlands is the head of the executive branch of the Government of the Netherlands. Although the monarch is the de jure head of government, the prime minister de facto occupies this role as the officeholder chairs the Council of Ministers and coordinates its policy with the rest of the cabinet. The current prime minister has been Mark Rutte since 14 October 2010, whose fourth cabinet was inaugurated on 10 January 2022.
1987
1. Jeong Min-hyeong, South Korean footballer (d. 2012) births
  1. Jeong Min-hyeong
    
    Jeong Min-Hyeong was a South Korean footballer who played as a midfielder for Busan IPark in the K-League.
2. Franck Songo'o, Cameroonian footballer births
  1. Franck Songo'o
    
    Franck Steve Songo'o is a retired professional Cameroonian footballer who played as either a forward or midfielder. His senior career had been spent primarily in the English and Spanish football league systems, and has also been capped for the Cameroon national team.
3. François Steyn, South African rugby player births
  1. François Steyn
    
    François Philippus Lodewyk Steyn is a South African professional rugby union player who currently plays for the South Africa national team and Cheetahs in Pro 14. He usually plays at inside centre, fullback or wing.
4. Rita Hayworth, American actress and dancer (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Rita Hayworth
    
    Rita Hayworth was an American actress, dancer and producer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in 61 films over 37 years. The press coined the term "The Love Goddess" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s. She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.
5. Vitomil Zupan, Slovenian poet and playwright (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Vitomil Zupan
    
    Vitomil Zupan was a post-World War II modernist Slovene writer and Gonars concentration camp survivor. Because of his detailed descriptions of sex and violence, he was dubbed the Slovene Hemingway and was compared to Henry Miller. He is best known for Menuet za kitaro, describing the years he spent with the Slovene Partisans. In Titoist Yugoslavia he was sentenced to 18 years in a show trial, and upon his release in 1955 his works could only be published under his pseudonym Langus. He is considered one of the most important Slovene writers.
1986
1. Andrea Bovo, Italian footballer births
  1. Andrea Bovo
    
    Andrea Bovo is an Italian footballer who plays for Nocerina in Serie D.
2. Clay Matthews III, American football player births
  1. Clay Matthews III
    
    William Clay Matthews III is an American former professional football player who was an outside linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). The six-time Pro Bowl selection and two-time All-Pro played primarily with the Green Bay Packers. He is the all-time official quarterback sack leader for the Green Bay Packers.
3. Marco Motta, Italian footballer births
  1. Marco Motta
    
    Marco Motta is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a right back.
1985
1. Dustin Lynch, American singer-songwriter births
  1. Dustin Lynch
    
    Dustin Charles Lynch is an American country music singer and songwriter, signed to Broken Bow Records. Lynch has released four albums and one EP for the label: a self-titled album in 2012, Where It's At in 2014, Current Mood in 2017, Ridin' Roads in 2019, and Tullahoma in 2020. A fifth album, Blue in the Sky, was released in February 2022. He has also released seventeen singles, of which eight have reached number one on Country Airplay.
2. Sam Perrett, New Zealand rugby league player births
  1. Sam Perrett
    
    Sam Perrett, also known by the nickname of "Pez"' or "Sammy", is a New Zealand former professional rugby league footballer. A representative for New Zealand at international level, he was a versatile back who was capable of playing on the wing, in the centres and at fullback. He played for the Sydney Roosters and the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs in the National Rugby League (NRL). Perrett was a member of the World Cup winning New Zealand team in 2008.
3. Simona Peycheva, Bulgarian gymnast births
  1. Simona Peycheva
    
    Simona Peycheva is a rhythmic gymnast who represented Bulgaria at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics.
4. Zack Ryder, American wrestler births
  1. Matt Cardona
    
    Matthew Brett Cardona is an American professional wrestler currently signed to Impact Wrestling and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA). He is best known for his time in WWE, where he performed under the ring name Zack Ryder from 2005 to 2020.
1984
1. Gary Ablett, Jr., Australian footballer births
  1. Gary Ablett Jr.
    
    Gary Ablett Jr. is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club and Gold Coast Suns in the Australian Football League (AFL). The eldest son of Australian Football Hall of Fame member and former Hawthorn and Geelong player Gary Ablett Sr., Ablett was drafted to Geelong under the father–son rule in the 2001 national draft and has since become recognised as one of the all-time great midfielders. Ablett is a dual premiership player, dual Brownlow Medallist, five-time Leigh Matthews Trophy winner, three-time AFLCA champion player of the year award winner and eight-time All-Australian.
2. Luke Gregerson, American baseball player births
  1. Luke Gregerson
    
    Lucas John Gregerson is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres, Oakland Athletics, Houston Astros and St. Louis Cardinals. He set the major league record for holds in a single season with 40, until Joel Peralta of the Tampa Bay Rays broke the record with 41 holds in 2013. He attended J. Sterling Morton High School West in Berwyn, Illinois, and Saint Xavier University.
3. Olly Murs, English singer-songwriter births
  1. Olly Murs
    
    Oliver Stanley Murs is an English singer, songwriter, and television presenter. He was runner-up on the sixth series of The X Factor in 2009, which led him being signed to RCA Records and Sony Music in the United Kingdom, and Columbia Records in the United States.
4. Michael Rensing, German footballer births
  1. Michael Rensing
    
    Michael Rensing is a German former footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He has played for Bayern Munich, 1. FC Köln, Bayer Leverkusen and Fortuna Düsseldorf.
5. Indrek Siska, Estonian footballer births
  1. Indrek Siska
    
    Indrek Siska is a retired Estonian professional beach soccer midfielder and striker, who played in Swiss club BSC Solothurn.
6. Mark Zuckerberg, American computer programmer and businessman, co-founded Facebook births
  1. Mark Zuckerberg
    
    Mark Elliot Zuckerberg is an American business magnate, internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He is known for co-founding the social media website Facebook and its parent company Meta Platforms, of which he is the chairman, chief executive officer, and controlling shareholder.
  2. Facebook
    
    Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes, its name comes from the face book directories often given to American university students. Membership was initially limited to Harvard students, gradually expanding to other North American universities and, since 2006, anyone over 13 years old. As of July 2022, Facebook claimed 2.93 billion monthly active users, and ranked third worldwide among the most visited websites as of July 2022. It was the most downloaded mobile app of the 2010s.
7. Ted Hicks, Australian public servant and diplomat, Australian High Commissioner to New Zealand (b. 1910) deaths
  1. Ted Hicks
    
    Sir Edwin William "Ted" Hicks was a senior Australian public servant and diplomat. He was Secretary of the Department of Defence from 1956 to 1968.
  2. List of Australian High Commissioners to New Zealand
    
    The High Commissioner of Australia to New Zealand is an officer of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the head of the High Commission of the Commonwealth of Australia to New Zealand in Wellington. The High Commissioner has the rank and status of an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary and is currently Harinder Sidhu since 31 March 2022, who also has responsibility for Tokelau in the Realm of New Zealand, as well as the Pitcairn Islands, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. Accreditation was previously held for the Cook Islands and Niue, states in free association as part of the Realm of New Zealand, which now have resident Australian high commissions since March 2020 and August 2020, respectively.
8. Walter Rauff, German SS officer (b. 1906) deaths
  1. Walter Rauff
    
    Walter (Walther) Rauff was a mid-ranking SS commander in Nazi Germany. From January 1938, he was an aide of Reinhard Heydrich firstly in the Security Service, later in the Reich Security Main Office. He worked for the Federal Intelligence Service of West Germany (Bundesnachrichtendienst) between 1958 and 1962, and was subsequently employed by the Mossad, the Israeli secret service. His funeral in Santiago, Chile, was attended by several former Nazis.
  2. Schutzstaffel
    
    The Schutzstaffel was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.
1983
1. Anahí, Mexican singer-songwriter, producer, and actress births
  1. Anahí
    
    Anahí Giovanna Puente Portilla, known mononymously as Anahí, is a Mexican actress and singer. In 1986, she started her acting career when she was cast on Chiquilladas. After working on many successful telenovelas produced by Televisa, including Alondra (1995), Vivo por Elena (1998), El Diario de Daniela (1998) and Mujeres Engañadas (1999), her first leading role was in Pedro Damián's production, Primer Amor... A Mil por Hora (2000). In 2003, she joined the cast in Clase 406. Anahí reached international success in 2004 after starring in Rebelde and being part of the twice-nominated for a Latin Grammy Award group RBD, who sold over 15 million records worldwide. In 2011, she starred in Dos Hogares, her last telenovela to date.
2. Keeley Donovan, English journalist births
  1. Keeley Donovan
    
    Keeley Emma Donovan is an English journalist and broadcaster, working for the BBC as a weather presenter for television and radio stations in the North of England.
3. Frank Gore, American football player births
  1. Frank Gore
    
    Franklin Gore Sr. is an American former football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons. A member of the San Francisco 49ers during most of his career, he ranks third in NFL career rushing yards. His career was also noted for longevity, a rare trait with his position, and he holds the league record for games played by a running back.
4. Uroš Slokar, Slovenian basketball player births
  1. Uroš Slokar
    
    Uroš Slokar is a Slovenian former professional basketball player who last played for Pallacanestro Cantù of the Lega Basket Serie A.
5. Tatenda Taibu, Zimbabwean cricketer births
  1. Tatenda Taibu
    
    Tatenda Taibu is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who captained the Zimbabwe national cricket team. He is a wicket-keeper-batsman. From 6 May 2004 to 5 September 2019, he held the record for being the youngest test captain in history when he captained his team against Sri Lanka until Rashid Khan of Afghanistan claimed the record.
6. Amber Tamblyn, American actress, author, model, director births
  1. Amber Tamblyn
    
    Amber Rose Tamblyn is an American actress and writer. She first came to national attention in her role on the soap opera General Hospital as Emily Quartermaine at the age of 11. She followed with a starring role on the prime-time series Joan of Arcadia, portraying the title character, Joan Girardi, for which she received Primetime Emmy and Golden Globe nominations. Her feature film work includes roles such as Tibby Rollins from the first two The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants and Megan McBride in 127 Hours (2010), as well as the critically acclaimed film, Stephanie Daley opposite Tilda Swinton which debuted at The Sundance Film Festival and for which Tamblyn won Best Actress at The Locarno International Film Festival and was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. In 2021 she starred opposite Diane Lane in FX's Y: The Last Man.
7. Roger J. Traynor, American academic and jurist, 23rd Chief Justice of California (b. 1900) deaths
  1. Roger J. Traynor
    
    Roger John Traynor was the 23rd Chief Justice of California (1964-1970) and an associate justice of the Supreme Court of California from 1940 to 1964. Previously, he also had served as a Deputy Attorney General of California under Earl Warren, and an Acting Dean and Professor of UC Berkeley School of Law. He is widely considered to be one of the most creative and influential judges and legal scholars of his time.
  2. Supreme Court of California
    
    The Supreme Court of California is the highest and final court of appeals in the courts of the U.S. state of California. It is headquartered in San Francisco at the Earl Warren Building, but it regularly holds sessions in Los Angeles and Sacramento. Its decisions are binding on all other California state courts. Since 1850, the court has issued many influential decisions in a variety of areas including torts, property, civil and constitutional rights, and criminal law.
8. Miguel Alemán Valdés, Mexican politician, 46th President of Mexico (b. 1900) deaths
  1. Miguel Alemán Valdés
    
    Miguel Alemán Valdés was a Mexican politician who served a full term as the President of Mexico from 1946 to 1952, the first civilian president after a string of revolutionary generals. His administration was characterized by Mexico's rapid industrialization, often called the Mexican Miracle, but also for a high level of personal enrichment for himself and his associates. His presidency was the first of a new generation of Mexican leaders, who had not directly participated in the Mexican Revolution, and many in his cabinet were also young, university-educated civilians, close friends from his days at university.
  2. President of Mexico
    
    The president of Mexico, officially the president of the United Mexican States, is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Mexican Armed Forces. The current president is Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who took office on 1 December 2018.
1982
1. Hugh Beaumont, American actor (b. 1909) deaths
  1. Hugh Beaumont
    
    Eugene Hugh Beaumont was an American actor. He was best known for his portrayal of Ward Cleaver on the television series Leave It to Beaver, originally broadcast from 1957 to 1963; and as private detective Michael Shayne in a series of low-budget crime films in 1946 and 1947.
1981
1. Pranav Mistry, Indian computer scientist, invented SixthSense births
  1. Pranav Mistry
    
    Pranav Mistry is a computer scientist and inventor. He was the President and CEO of STAR Labs. He is best known for his work on SixthSense, Samsung Galaxy Gear and Project Beyond.
  2. SixthSense
    
    SixthSense is a gesture-based wearable computer system developed at MIT Media Lab by Steve Mann in 1994 and 1997, and 1998, and further developed by Pranav Mistry, in 2009, both of whom developed both hardware and software for both headworn and neckworn versions of it. It comprises a headworn or neck-worn pendant that contains both a data projector and camera. Headworn versions were built at MIT Media Lab in 1997 that combined cameras and illumination systems for interactive photographic art, and also included gesture recognition.
1980
1. Zdeněk Grygera, Czech footballer births
  1. Zdeněk Grygera
    
    Zdeněk Grygera is a Czech former professional footballer who played as a defender.
2. Pavel Londak, Estonian footballer births
  1. Pavel Londak
    
    Pavel Londak is an Estonian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Legion.
3. Eugene Martineau, Dutch decathlete births
  1. Eugène Martineau (athlete)
    
    Eugène Julien Martineau is a Dutch decathlete.
4. Júlia Sebestyén, Hungarian figure skater births
  1. Júlia Sebestyén
    
    Júlia Sebestyén is a Hungarian former competitive figure skater. She is the 2004 European Champion and 2002–2010 Hungarian national champion. At the 2004 European Figure Skating Championships, she became the first Hungarian woman to win the European title. She is also a four-time Hungarian Olympic team member, and was Hungary's flag-bearer at the 2010 Olympics.
5. Hugo Southwell, English-Scottish rugby player births
  1. Hugo Southwell
    
    Hugo Finlay Grant Southwell is a retired Scottish rugby union footballer. He played as a fullback, centre and wing.
6. Joe van Niekerk, South African rugby player births
  1. Joe van Niekerk
    
    Johann "Joe" van Niekerk is a South African former professional rugby union player who played either as a flanker or number 8.
7. Hugh Griffith, Welsh actor (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Hugh Griffith
    
    Hugh Emrys Griffith was a Welsh film, stage, and television actor. He is best remembered for his role in the film Ben-Hur (1959), which earned him critical acclaim and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Some of his other notable credits include Exodus (1960), Mutiny on the Bounty (1962), Tom Jones (1963), and Oliver! (1968).
1979
1. Dan Auerbach, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Dan Auerbach
    
    Daniel Quine Auerbach is an American musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer, best known as the guitarist and vocalist of The Black Keys, a blues rock band from Akron, Ohio. As a member of the group, Auerbach has recorded and co-produced eleven studio albums with his bandmate Patrick Carney. Auerbach has also released two solo albums, Keep It Hid (2009) and Waiting on a Song (2017), and formed a side project, the Arcs, which released the album Yours, Dreamily, in 2015.
2. Edwige Lawson-Wade, French basketball player births
  1. Edwige Lawson-Wade
    
    Edwige Lawson, also Edwige Lawson-Wade, is a French former professional women's basketball player.
3. Clinton Morrison, English-Irish footballer births
  1. Clinton Morrison
    
    Clinton Hubert Morrison is a former professional footballer who played as a forward. Since his retirement from playing he works as a pundit.
4. Carlos Tenorio, Ecuadorian footballer births
  1. Carlos Tenorio
    
    Carlos Vicente Tenorio Medina is an Ecuadorian former footballer who last played for Ecuadorian club Atlético Saquisilí. From 2001 to 2009, he represented the Ecuador national football team.
5. Jean Rhys, Dominican-English novelist (b. 1890) deaths
  1. Jean Rhys
    
    Jean Rhys, was a British novelist who was born and grew up in the Caribbean island of Dominica. From the age of 16, she mainly resided in England, where she was sent for her education. She is best known for her novel Wide Sargasso Sea (1966), written as a prequel to Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre. In 1978, she was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for her writing.
1978
1. Brent Harvey, Australian footballer births
  1. Brent Harvey
    
    Brent Harvey, often known by his nickname "Boomer", is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the North Melbourne Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He holds the record for most matches played by an individual in VFL/AFL history, breaking Michael Tuck's previous VFL/AFL record in 2016 with a total of 432 games played.
2. Eddie House, American basketball player births
  1. Eddie House
    
    Edward Lee House II is an American former professional basketball player. A guard known for his three-point shooting, House played for nine NBA teams in 11 seasons in the league. He was a member of the Boston Celtics team that won the NBA championship in 2008.
3. André Macanga, Angolan footballer and manager births
  1. André Macanga
    
    André Venceslau Valentim Macanga, better known as André Macanga, is a former Angolan football midfielder and a current coach.
4. Gustavo Varela, Uruguayan footballer births
  1. Gustavo Varela
    
    Gustavo Antonio Varela Rodríguez is a Uruguayan former footballer. He was a versatile right sided player who also could "be played as a lone striker, behind the front two" or at the heart of midfield.
1977
1. Sophie Anderton, English model and actress births
  1. Sophie Anderton
    
    Sophie Louise Balinska-Jundzillova is an English model and reality television personality.
2. Roy Halladay, American baseball player (d. 2017) births
  1. Roy Halladay
    
    Harry Leroy "Roy" Halladay III was an American professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays and Philadelphia Phillies between 1998 and 2013. His nickname, "Doc", was coined by Toronto Blue Jays announcer Tom Cheek, and was a reference to Wild West gunslinger Doc Holliday. An eight-time All-Star, Halladay was one of the most dominant pitchers of his era. Known for his outstanding durability, he led the league in complete games seven times, the most of any pitcher whose career began after 1945. He also led the league in strikeout-to-walk ratio five times and innings pitched four times.
3. Ada Nicodemou, Cypriot-Australian actress births
  1. Ada Nicodemou
    
    Ada Nicodemou is an Australian actress of Greek Cypriot descent. She began her acting career in 1994 in TV serial Heartbreak High as Katerina Ioannou. She also starred in Police Rescue and Breakers.
1976
1. Hunter Burgan, American bass player births
  1. Hunter Burgan
    
    Hunter Lawrence Burgan is an American multi-instrumentalist. He is the third and current bassist of AFI.
2. Brian Lawrence, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Brian Lawrence
    
    Brian Michael Lawrence is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and New York Mets. He is currently the pitching coach of the South Bend Cubs, a Class A affiliate of the Chicago Cubs.
3. Martine McCutcheon, English actress and singer births
  1. Martine McCutcheon
    
    Martine Kimberley Sherrie McCutcheon is an English actress and singer. She began appearing in television commercials at an early age and made her television debut in the children's television drama Bluebirds in 1989. In the early 1990s, she had minor success as one third of the pop group Milan, but it was her role as Tiffany Mitchell in the BBC's soap opera EastEnders and her role in the 2003 romantic comedy Love Actually that brought her stardom. For the former she won the National Television Award, while the latter earned her the Empire and MTV Movie awards. She was written out of EastEnders at the end of 1998 and then embarked on a pop career, this time as a solo artist.
4. Keith Relf, English singer-songwriter, harmonica player, and producer (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Keith Relf
    
    William Keith Relf was an English musician, best known as the lead vocalist and harmonica player for rock band the Yardbirds. He then formed the band Renaissance with his sister Jane Relf, The Yardbirds ex-drummer Jim McCarty and ex-The Nashville Teens keyboardist John Hawken.
1975
1. Nicki Sørensen, Danish cyclist births
  1. Nicki Sørensen
    
    Nicki Sørensen is a Danish former professional road bicycle racer, and was directeur sportif of UCI Professional Continental team Aqua Blue Sport. He competed in five consecutive editions of the Tour de France from 2001 to 2005. Riding as an all-round rider who rode well in hilly terrain, Sørensen was a valued support for the team leader without many wins of his own.
1974
1. Anu Välba, Estonian journalist births
  1. Anu Välba
    
    Anu Välba is an Estonian TV and radio host.
1973
1. Natalie Appleton, Canadian singer and actress births
  1. Natalie Appleton
    
    Natalie Jane Appleton Howlett is a Canadian singer. She is a member of the British girl group All Saints and the duo Appleton with her younger sister Nicole Appleton.
2. Voshon Lenard, American basketball player births
  1. Voshon Lenard
    
    Voshon Kelan Lenard is an American former professional basketball player who played 11 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was listed as 6' 4" and 215 lbs, and was born in Detroit, Michigan.
3. Fraser Nelson, Scottish journalist births
  1. Fraser Nelson
    
    Fraser Andrew Nelson is a British political journalist and editor of The Spectator magazine.
4. Hakan Ünsal, Turkish footballer and sportscaster births
  1. Hakan Ünsal
    
    Hakan Ünsal is a Turkish former professional footballer who played as a left wingback. He achieved third place at the 2002 FIFA World Cup with Turkey national team.
5. Julian White, English rugby player births
  1. Julian White
    
    Julian Martin White MBE is an English Landowner, best known for his time playing professional rugby union as a prop for Leicester Tigers and England. White was regarded as an aggressive tighthead prop, one of the most powerful forwards in the game, and for his destructive scrummaging.
6. Jean Gebser, German linguist, philosopher, and poet (b. 1905) deaths
  1. Jean Gebser
    
    Jean Gebser was a Swiss philosopher, linguist, and poet who described the structures of human consciousness.
1972
1. Kirstjen Nielsen, American attorney, 6th United States Secretary of Homeland Security births
  1. Kirstjen Nielsen
    
    Kirstjen Michele Nielsen is an American attorney who served as United States Secretary of Homeland Security from 2017 to 2019. She is a former principal White House deputy chief of staff to President Donald Trump, and was chief of staff to John F. Kelly during his tenure as Secretary of Homeland Security.
  2. United States Secretary of Homeland Security
    
    The United States secretary of homeland security is the head of the United States Department of Homeland Security, the federal department tasked with ensuring public safety in the United States. The secretary is a member of the Cabinet of the United States. The position was created by the Homeland Security Act following the attacks of September 11, 2001.
2. Ike Moriz, German-South African singer-songwriter, producer and actor deaths
  1. Ike Moriz
    
    Eike Moriz, better known as Ike Moriz, is a German-South African singer, songwriter, musician, record producer and actor. He has released 20 albums in the indie rock, pop, Latin, easy listening, dance, lounge, blues, jazz and swing genres.
1971
1. Deanne Bray, American actress births
  1. Deanne Bray
    
    Deanne Bray is an American actress. Bray was born deaf and is bilingual in American Sign Language and English. She is best known for her role as Sue Thomas in the show Sue Thomas: F.B.Eye. She is also known for her recurring role as Emma Coolidge on Heroes.
2. Sofia Coppola, American director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Sofia Coppola
    
    Sofia Carmina Coppola is an American filmmaker and actress. The youngest child and only daughter of filmmakers Eleanor and Francis Ford Coppola, she made her film debut as an infant in her father's acclaimed crime drama film The Godfather (1972). Coppola later appeared in several music videos, as well as a supporting role in Peggy Sue Got Married (1986). Coppola then portrayed Mary Corleone, the daughter of Michael Corleone, in The Godfather Part III (1990). She then turned her attention to filmmaking.
3. Martin Reim, Estonian footballer and manager births
  1. Martin Reim
    
    Martin Reim is an Estonian football manager and former professional player.
1970
1. Billie Burke, American actress and singer (b. 1884) deaths
  1. Billie Burke
    
    Mary William Ethelbert Appleton Burke was an American actress who was famous on Broadway and radio, and in silent and sound films. She is best known to modern audiences as Glinda the Good Witch of the North in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie musical The Wizard of Oz (1939).
1969
1. Stéphane Adam, French footballer births
  1. Stéphane Adam
    
    Stéphane Lucien Adam is a French former professional footballer who played as a striker.
2. Cate Blanchett, Australian actress births
  1. Cate Blanchett
    
    Catherine Elise Blanchett is an Australian actor and television producer. Regarded as one of the finest actresses of her generation, she is known for her versatile work across independent films, blockbusters, and the stage. She has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, three British Academy Film Awards, and three Golden Globe Awards, in addition to nominations for a Tony Award and two Primetime Emmy Awards.
3. Sabine Schmitz, German race car driver and sportscaster (d. 2021) births
  1. Sabine Schmitz
    
    Sabine Schmitz was a German professional motor racing driver and television personality. Born in Adenau to a family in the hotel and catering business, and raised in one of the villages nestled within the Nürburgring race track, she initially trained to join the same profession as her parents, before choosing to begin a career in racing, working as a driver for BMW and Porsche.
4. Henry Smith, English politician births
  1. Henry Smith (British politician)
    
    Henry Edward Millar Smith is an English Conservative Party politician. He was Leader of West Sussex County Council from 2003 to 2010. He is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Crawley, having been first elected in the 2010 general election.
5. Danny Wood, American singer-songwriter, record producer, and choreographer births
  1. Danny Wood
    
    Daniel William Wood is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and occasional actor. He is a member of the American boy band New Kids on the Block and also served as a choreographer for the band in late 80s and 90s.
6. Enid Bennett, Australian-American actress (b. 1893) deaths
  1. Enid Bennett
    
    Enid Eulalie Bennett was an Australian silent film actress, mostly active in American film.
7. Frederick Lane, Australian swimmer (b. 1888) deaths
  1. Frederick Lane
    
    Frederick Claude Vivian Lane was an Australian swimmer who competed at the 1900 Summer Olympics.
1968
1. Mary DePiero, Canadian diver births
  1. Mary DePiero
    
    Mary DePiero is a Canadian diver.
2. Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (b. 1882) deaths
  1. Husband E. Kimmel
    
    Husband Edward Kimmel was a United States Navy four-star admiral who was the commander in chief of the United States Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT) during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He was removed from that command after the attack, in December 1941, and was reverted to his permanent two-star rank of rear admiral due to no longer holding a four-star assignment. He retired from the Navy in early 1942. The United States Senate voted to restore Kimmel's permanent rank to four stars in 1999, but President Clinton did not act on the resolution, and neither have any of his successors.
1967
1. Natasha Kaiser-Brown, American sprinter and coach births
  1. Natasha Kaiser-Brown
    
    Natasha Kaiser-Brown is an American sprinter who specialized in the 400 meter run. As of 2022, she is the head coach of track and field at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri.
2. Tony Siragusa, American football player and journalist (d. 2022) births
  1. Tony Siragusa
    
    Anthony Siragusa Sr., nicknamed "the Goose", was an American professional football player who was a defensive tackle for 12 seasons with the Indianapolis Colts and the Baltimore Ravens in the National Football League (NFL). After his football career, he worked as a sideline analyst for NFL games broadcast on the Fox Network from 2003 to 2015. He also hosted various shows on television, such as the home renovation program Man Caves on the DIY Network.
1966
1. Marianne Denicourt, French actress, director, and screenwriter births
  1. Marianne Denicourt
    
    Marianne Denicourt is a French actress, director and screenwriter who has appeared in more than 50 films and television productions since 1986.
2. Mike Inez, American rock bass player and songwriter births
  1. Mike Inez
    
    Michael Allen Inez is an American rock musician best known for his role as the bassist of Alice in Chains since 1993. He is also recognized for his work with Ozzy Osbourne from 1989–1993. Inez has also been associated with Slash's Snakepit, Black Label Society, Spys4Darwin, and Heart. He is of Filipino descent. Inez has earned seven Grammy Award nominations as a member of Alice in Chains.
3. Fab Morvan, French singer-songwriter, dancer and model births
  1. Fab Morvan
    
    Fabrice Maxime Sylvain Morvan is a French singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer, lip syncher, and model. He was half of the pop duo Milli Vanilli, along with Rob Pilatus, selling multi-platinum albums around the world. However, he was later involved in a scandal when the duo revealed that they had not actually sung on any of their recordings. After the scandal, the group reformed as Rob & Fab in the 1990s with limited success. Morvan had a solo comeback in the 2000s, releasing his first solo album, Love Revolution.
4. Raphael Saadiq, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer births
  1. Raphael Saadiq
    
    Raphael Saadiq is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. He rose to fame as a member of the multiplatinum group Tony! Toni! Toné! In addition to his solo and group career, he has also produced songs for such artists as Erykah Badu, Jill Scott, Stevie Wonder, Joss Stone, D'Angelo, TLC, En Vogue, Kelis, Mary J. Blige, Ledisi, Whitney Houston, Solange Knowles and John Legend. Music critic Robert Christgau has called Saadiq the "preeminent R&B artist of the '90s".
1965
1. Eoin Colfer, Irish author births
  1. Eoin Colfer
    
    Eoin Colfer is an Irish author of children's books. He worked as a primary school teacher before he became a full-time writer. He is best known for being the author of the Artemis Fowl series. In September 2008, Colfer was commissioned to write the sixth instalment of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series, titled And Another Thing ..., which was published in October 2009. In October 2016, in a contract with Marvel Comics, he released Iron Man: The Gauntlet. He served as Laureate na nÓg between 2014 and 2016.
1964
1. James M. Kelly, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut births
  1. James M. Kelly (astronaut)
    
    James McNeal "Vegas" Kelly is a NASA Astronaut and a retired Colonel of the United States Air Force. He twice served as pilot on Space Shuttle missions. James Kelly is not related to Scott Kelly or Mark Kelly.
2. Suzy Kolber, American sportscaster and producer births
  1. Suzy Kolber
    
    Suzy Kolber is an American football sideline reporter, co-producer, and sportscaster for ESPN. She was one of the original anchors of ESPN2 when it launched in 1993. Three years later, she left ESPN2 to join Fox Sports, and rejoined ESPN in late 1999.
3. Alan McIndoe, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Alan McIndoe
    
    Alan McIndoe is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. A Queensland State of Origin and Australian international representative wing, he played club football in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership for the Illawarra Steelers, with whom he topped the League's try-scoring list in 1991, and the Penrith Panthers. On 4 October 2006 McIndoe was named on the wing in a 40 Year Panthers Legends Team. The same year he was named on the wing in the Illawarra Steelers' "Team of Steel".
4. Eric Peterson, American guitarist and songwriter births
  1. Eric Peterson (musician)
    
    Eric Stanley Peterson is an American musician, best known as the rhythm guitarist of the American thrash metal band Testament and is the only remaining original member left in the band, which first started in 1983 under the name Legacy. He and lead vocalist Chuck Billy are the only members to appear on all of the band's studio albums.
1963
1. Pat Borders, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Pat Borders
    
    Patrick Lance Borders is an American former professional baseball player and current minor league manager. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball from 1988 to 2005. He was the Most Valuable Player of the 1992 World Series as a member of the Toronto Blue Jays. Borders also won an Olympic gold medal with the United States baseball team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He is the current manager of the Williamsport Crosscutters of the New York–Penn League.
2. David Yelland, English journalist and author births
  1. David Yelland (journalist)
    
    David Yelland is a former journalist and editor of The Sun and founder of Kitchen Table Partners, a specialist public relations and communications company in London, which he formed in 2015 after leaving the Brunswick Group LLP.
1962
1. Ian Astbury, English-Canadian singer-songwriter births
  1. Ian Astbury
    
    Ian Robert Astbury is an English singer, best known as a founding member, lead vocalist and frontman of the rock band the Cult. During various hiatuses from the Cult, Astbury has fronted the short-lived Holy Barbarians in 1996, and later from 2002–2007 served as the lead singer of Riders on the Storm, a Doors tribute band that also featured Ray Manzarek and Robby Krieger from the original Doors. He replaced Rob Tyner during an MC5 reunion in 2003, as well as appearing on several one-off guest vocal performances on other artist's songs.
2. C.C. DeVille, American guitarist, songwriter, and actor births
  1. C.C. DeVille
    
    C.C. DeVille is an American guitarist best known as a member of rock band Poison. The band has sold more than 50 million albums worldwide, including 15 million in the United States. In addition to DeVille's work with Poison, in 1998 he formed a band called Samantha 7.
3. Danny Huston, Italian-American actor and director births
  1. Danny Huston
    
    Daniel Sallis Huston is an Italian-born American actor and film director. A member of the Huston family of filmmakers, he is the son of director John Huston and the half-brother of actress Anjelica Huston.
4. Florence Auer, American actress and screenwriter (b. 1880) deaths
  1. Florence Auer
    
    Florence Auer was an American theater and motion picture actress whose career spanned more than five decades.
1961
1. David Quantick, English journalist and critic births
  1. David Quantick
    
    David Quantick is an English novelist, comedy writer and critic, who has worked as a journalist and screenwriter. A former staff writer for the music magazine NME, his writing credits have included On the Hour, Blue Jam, TV Burp and Veep; for the latter of these he won an Emmy in 2015.
2. Tommy Rogers, American wrestler (d. 2015) births
  1. Tommy Rogers (wrestler)
    
    Thomas R. Couch was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, Tommy Rogers. He was one-half of the tag team The Fantastics with Bobby Fulton.
3. Tim Roth, English actor and director births
  1. Tim Roth
    
    Timothy Simon Roth is an English actor and producer. He began acting on films and television series in the 1980s. He was among a group of prominent British actors of the era, the "Brit Pack".
4. Alain Vigneault, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Alain Vigneault
    
    Alain Vigneault is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach. Vigneault has previously coached the Montreal Canadiens, Vancouver Canucks, New York Rangers and the Philadelphia Flyers in the NHL, as well as in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). During his career with the Canucks, he won the Jack Adams Award as the NHL's top coach of the year in 2006–07 and became the team's record holder for wins as a coach. Under Vigneault, Vancouver won back-to-back Presidents' Trophies and made one Stanley Cup Finals appearance (2011). In his first season with New York, he led the Rangers to their first Stanley Cup Finals appearance (2014) in 20 years.
1960
1. Anne Clark, English singer-songwriter and poet births
  1. Anne Clark (poet)
    
    Anne Charlotte Clark is an English poet, singer and songwriter. Her first album, The Sitting Room, was released in 1982, and she has released over a dozen albums since then.
2. Alec Dankworth, English bassist and composer births
  1. Alec Dankworth
    
    Alexander William Tamba Dankworth is an English jazz bassist and composer.
3. Frank Nobilo, New Zealand golfer births
  1. Frank Nobilo
    
    Frank Ivan Joseph Nobilo is a professional golfer from New Zealand.
4. Ronan Tynan, Irish tenor births
  1. Ronan Tynan
    
    Ronan Tynan is an Irish tenor singer and former Paralympic athlete.
5. Lucrezia Bori, Spanish soprano and actress (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Lucrezia Bori
    
    Lucrezia Bori was a Spanish operatic singer, a lyric soprano and a tireless and effective fundraiser for the Metropolitan Opera.
1959
1. Carlisle Best, Barbadian cricketer births
  1. Carlisle Best
    
    Carlisle Alonza Best is a Barbadian former cricketer who played eight Tests and 24 One Day Internationals for the West Indies. He represented the West Indies at the 1987 World Cup.
2. Patrick Bruel, French actor, singer, and poker player births
  1. Patrick Bruel
    
    Patrick Maurice Benguigui, better known by his stage name Patrick Bruel, is a French singer-songwriter, actor and professional poker player.
3. Markus Büchel, Liechtensteiner politician, 9th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein (d. 2013) births
  1. Markus Büchel
    
    Markus Büchel was a former head of government of Liechtenstein.
  2. List of heads of government of Liechtenstein
    
    This is a list of heads of government of Liechtenstein.
4. Robert Greene, American author and translator births
  1. Robert Greene (American author)
    
    Robert Greene is an American author of books on strategy, power, and seduction. He has written six international bestsellers, including The 48 Laws of Power, The Art of Seduction, The 33 Strategies of War, The 50th Law, Mastery, and The Laws of Human Nature.
5. John Holt, American football player (d. 2013) births
  1. John Holt (American football)
    
    John Stephanie Holt was an American football Cornerback in the National Football League for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Indianapolis Colts. He played college football at West Texas State University.
6. Rick Vaive, Canadian ice hockey player and coach births
  1. Rick Vaive
    
    Richard Claude "Rick" Vaive is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. He played in the final season of the World Hockey Association (WHA), before playing the majority of his career in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1979 to 1992.
7. Heather Wheeler, English politician births
  1. Heather Wheeler
    
    Heather Kay Wheeler is a British Conservative Party politician, who was first elected at the 2010 general election as the member of Parliament (MP) for South Derbyshire, taking the seat from the Labour Party after 13 years.
8. Sidney Bechet, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (b. 1897) deaths
  1. Sidney Bechet
    
    Sidney Bechet was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, and first recorded several months before trumpeter Louis Armstrong. His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim. Bechet spent much of his later life in France.
9. Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal (b. 1862) deaths
  1. Infanta Maria Antónia of Portugal
    
    Infanta Maria Antónia of Portugal was the seventh and last child of Miguel of Portugal and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg.
1958
1. Christine Brennan, American journalist and author births
  1. Christine Brennan
    
    Christine Brennan is a sports columnist for USA Today, a commentator on ABC News, CNN, PBS NewsHour and NPR, and a best-selling author. She was the first female sports reporter for the Miami Herald in 1981, the first woman at the Washington Post on the Washington Football team beat in 1985, and the first president of the Association for Women in Sports Media in 1988.
2. Chris Evans, English-Australian politician, 26th Australian Minister for Employment births
  1. Chris Evans (Australian politician)
    
    Christopher Vaughan Evans is a former Australian politician. He was a member of the Australian Senate for the state of Western Australia from 1993 to 2013, representing the Australian Labor Party.
  2. Minister for Small Business (Australia)
    
    The Australian Minister for Small Business is the Hon Julie Collins MP.
3. Rudy Pérez, Cuban-born American composer and music producer births
  1. Rudy Pérez
    
    Rudy Amado Pérez is a Cuban-born American musician, songwriter, composer, producer, arranger, sound engineer, musical director and singer, as well as entertainment entrepreneur, and philanthropist. His area of specialty is ballads, although he has also worked in a variety of other genres.
4. Wilma Rusman, Dutch runner births
  1. Wilma Rusman
    
    Wilma Rusman née Zukrowski is a retired female long-distance runner from the Netherlands. She won the 1985 edition of the Rotterdam Marathon, clocking 2:35:32 on April 20, 1985.
1957
1. Marie Vassilieff, Russian-French painter (b. 1884) deaths
  1. Marie Vassilieff
    
    Mariya Ivanovna Vassiliéva, , better known as Marie Vassilieff, was a Russian-born painter active in Paris.
1956
1. Hazel Blears, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government births
  1. Hazel Blears
    
    Hazel Anne Blears is a former British Labour Party politician, who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Salford and Eccles, previously Salford, from 1997 to 2015.
  2. Secretary of State for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities
    
    The secretary of state for levelling up, housing and communities, also referred to as the levelling up secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the overall leadership and strategic direction of the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom, seventh in the ministerial ranking, behind the secretary of state for defence.
2. Steve Hogarth, English singer-songwriter and keyboardist births
  1. Steve Hogarth
    
    Steve Hogarth also known as "h", is an English singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. Since 1989 he has been the lead singer of the British rock band Marillion, for which he also performs additional keyboards and guitar. Hogarth was formerly a keyboard player and co-lead vocalist with the Europeans and vocalist with How We Live. AllMusic has described Hogarth as having a "unique, expressive voice" with "flexible range and beautiful phrasing".
3. Joan Malleson, English physician (b. 1889) deaths
  1. Joan Malleson
    
    Joan Graeme Malleson was an English physician, specialist in contraception and prominent advocate of the legalisation of abortion.
1955
1. Marie Chouinard, Canadian dancer and choreographer births
  1. Marie Chouinard
    
    Marie Chouinard OC is a Canadian dancer, choreographer, and dance company director.
2. Alasdair Fraser, Scottish fiddler births
  1. Alasdair Fraser
    
    Alasdair Fraser is a Scottish fiddler, composer, performer and recording artist.
3. Peter Kirsten, South African cricketer and rugby player births
  1. Peter Kirsten
    
    Peter Noel Kirsten is a former cricketer who represented South Africa in 12 Test matches and 40 One Day Internationals from 1991 to 1994. He is the current coach of the Ugandan national side, having been appointed in August 2014.
4. Dennis Martínez, Nicaraguan baseball player and coach births
  1. Dennis Martínez
    
    José Dennis Martínez Ortiz, nicknamed "El Presidente", is a Nicaraguan professional baseball pitcher. Martínez played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles, Montreal Expos, Cleveland Indians, Seattle Mariners, and Atlanta Braves from 1976 to 1998. He threw a perfect game in 1991, and was a four-time MLB All-Star. He was the first Nicaraguan to play in the majors.
5. Jens Sparschuh, German author and playwright births
  1. Jens Sparschuh
    
    Jens Sparschuh is a German writer from Chemnitz.
1954
1. Heinz Guderian, Prussian-German general (b. 1888) deaths
  1. Heinz Guderian
    
    Heinz Wilhelm Guderian was a German general during World War II who, after the war, became a successful memoirist. An early pioneer and advocate of the "blitzkrieg" approach, he played a central role in the development of the panzer division concept. In 1936, he became the Inspector of Motorized Troops.
1953
1. Tom Cochrane, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Tom Cochrane
    
    Thomas William Cochrane is a Canadian musician best known as the frontman for the rock band Red Rider and for his work as a solo singer-songwriter. Cochrane has won eight Juno Awards. He is a member of the Canadian Music Hall of Fame, an officer of the Order of Canada, and has an honorary doctorate from Brandon University. In September 2009, he was inducted onto the Canadian Walk of Fame.
2. Hywel Williams, Welsh politician births
  1. Hywel Williams
    
    Hywel Williams is a Welsh Plaid Cymru politician serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Arfon, previously Caernarfon, since 2001. He announced his intention to retire in 2022.
3. Yasuo Kuniyoshi, American painter and photographer (b. 1893) deaths
  1. Yasuo Kuniyoshi
    
    Yasuo Kuniyoshi was a Japanese-American painter, photographer and printmaker.
1952
1. David Byrne, Scottish singer-songwriter, producer, and actor births
  1. David Byrne
    
    David Byrne is a Scottish-American singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, writer, music theorist, visual artist and filmmaker. He was a founding member and the principal songwriter, lead singer, and guitarist of the American new wave band Talking Heads.
2. Michael Fallon, Scottish politician, Secretary of State for Defence births
  1. Michael Fallon
    
    Sir Michael Cathel Fallon is a British politician who served as Secretary of State for Defence from 2014 to 2017. A member of the Conservative Party, he served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Sevenoaks from 1997 to 2019, having previously served as MP for Darlington from 1983 to 1992.
  2. Secretary of State for Defence
    
    The secretary of state for defence, also referred to as the defence secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with overall responsibility for the business of the Ministry of Defence. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom, sixth in the ministerial ranking.
3. Orna Grumberg, Israeli computer scientist and academic births
  1. Orna Grumberg
    
    Orna Grumberg is an Israeli computer scientist and academic, the Leumi Chair of Science at the Technion.
4. Raul Mälk, Estonian politician, 22nd Estonian Minister of Foreign Affairs births
  1. Raul Mälk
    
    Raul Mälk is an Estonian diplomat and a former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia. He was also head of the Estonian delegation for border negotiations with Russia from 1992 to 2005. Up to 2007 he was Chairman of the Board of International Centre for Defence Studies in Estonia.
  2. Minister of Foreign Affairs (Estonia)
    
    The Minister of Foreign Affairs is the senior minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Estonian Government. The Minister is one of the most important members of the Estonian government, with responsibility for the relations between Estonia and foreign states.
5. Wim Mertens, Belgian composer, countertenor vocalist, pianist, guitarist, and musicologist. births
  1. Wim Mertens
    
    Wim Mertens is a Flemish Belgian composer, countertenor vocalist, pianist, guitarist, and musicologist.
6. Donald R. McMonagle, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut births
  1. Donald R. McMonagle
    
    Donald Ray McMonagle is a former astronaut and a veteran of three shuttle flights. He became the Manager, Launch Integration, at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on August 15, 1997. In this capacity he was responsible for final shuttle preparation, launch execution, and return of the orbiter to KSC following landings at any other location. He was chair of the Mission Management Team, and was the final authority for launch decision.
7. Robert Zemeckis, American director, producer, and screenwriter births
  1. Robert Zemeckis
    
    Robert Lee Zemeckis is an American filmmaker. He first came to public attention as the director of the action-adventure romantic comedy Romancing the Stone (1984), the science-fiction comedy Back to the Future film trilogy (1985–1990), and the live-action/animated comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988). He subsequently directed the satirical black comedy Death Becomes Her (1992) and then diversified into more dramatic fare, including Forrest Gump (1994), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director and the film won Best Picture. He has directed films across a wide variety of genres, for both adults and families.
1951
1. Jay Beckenstein, American saxophonist births
  1. Jay Beckenstein
    
    Jay Barnet Beckenstein is an American saxophonist, composer, producer, and the co-founder of the band Spyro Gyra. He owned BearTracks Studios in Suffern, New York.
1949
1. Sverre Årnes, Norwegian author, screenwriter, and director births
  1. Sverre Årnes
    
    Sverre Årnes is a Norwegian writer who, since 1978, has published 220 book titles, mostly serial novels, Oct. 2019, about a thousand short stories as well as numerous articles.
2. Walter Day, American game designer and businessman, founded Twin Galaxies births
  1. Walter Day
    
    Walter Aldro Day is an American businessman and the founder of Twin Galaxies, an organization that tracks world records for video games and conducts a program of electronic-gaming promotions.
  2. Twin Galaxies
    
    Twin Galaxies is an organization and social media platform for people involved in the culture and activity of playing video games. It facilitates their interaction as well as their competition and recognizes their achievements.
3. Johan Schans, Dutch swimmer births
  1. Johan Schans
    
    Johannes "Johan" Schans is a retired Dutch swimmer. He competed in the 200 m and 4 × 200 m freestyle events at the 1968 Summer Olympics, but failed to reach the finals.
4. Klaus-Peter Thaler, German cyclist births
  1. Klaus-Peter Thaler
    
    Klaus-Peter Thaler is a former professional cyclist whose career spanned from 1976 to 1988, he was successful in road-racing and cyclo-cross. He was world cyclo-cross champion twice as amateur and twice as professional and German champion eight times.
1948
1. Timothy Stevenson, English lawyer and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire births
  1. Tim Stevenson (Lord Lieutenant)
    
    Sir Timothy Edwin Paul Stevenson was Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire, England between 2008 and 2021. A qualified barrister, he is also a businessman and former Chairman of Johnson Matthey plc.
  2. Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire
    
    This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Oxfordshire. Since 1689, all Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Oxfordshire.
2. Bob Woolmer, Indian-English cricketer and coach (d. 2007) births
  1. Bob Woolmer
    
    Robert Andrew Woolmer was an English cricket coach, cricketer, and a commentator. He played in 19 Test matches and six One Day Internationals for the England cricket team and later coached South Africa, Warwickshire and Pakistan.
1947
1. Al Ciner, American pop-rock guitarist births
  1. Al Ciner
    
    Alan Ciner is an American guitarist best known for playing guitar for The American Breed from 1966 to 1969.
2. Ana Martín, Mexican actress, singer, producer and former model (Miss Mexico 1963) births
  1. Ana Martín
    
    Ana Beatriz Martínez Solórzano, known professionally as Ana Martín, is a Mexican actress and model. She is one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Mexican cinema.
  2. Miss Mexico Organization
    
    Miss Mexico is a national Beauty pageant in Mexico. It is responsible for selecting the country's delegates to international beauty contests: Miss World, Mister World, and other minor international pageants such as Miss Supranational, Miss Grand International and Miss United Continents.
1946
1. Sarah Hogg, Viscountess Hailsham, English economist and journalist births
  1. Sarah Hogg, Viscountess Hailsham
    
    Sarah Hogg, Viscountess Hailsham, Baroness Hogg, Baroness Hailsham of Kettlethorpe is an English economist, journalist, and politician. She was the first woman to chair a FTSE 100 company.
1945
1. Francesca Annis, English actress births
  1. Francesca Annis
    
    Francesca Annis is an English actress. She is known for television roles in Reckless (1998), Wives and Daughters (1999), Deceit (2000), and Cranford (2007). A six-time BAFTA TV Award nominee, she won the 1979 BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the ITV serial Lillie. Her film appearances include Krull (1983), Dune (1984), The Debt Collector (1999), and The Libertine (2004).
2. George Nicholls, English rugby player births
  1. George Nicholls (rugby league)
    
    George Nicholls is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. A Great Britain and England international representative forward, he played his club rugby for English sides Widnes and St. Helens. Eventually becoming a St Helens R.F.C. Hall of Fame inductee, he also became the first player to win the Man of Steel Award, Harry Sunderland Trophy and Lance Todd Trophy with the club. With Great Britain, Nicholls also won the 1972 Rugby League World Cup.
3. Yochanan Vollach, Israeli footballer births
  1. Yochanan Vollach
    
    Yochanan Vollach is an Israeli former footballer. He was a member of the Israeli national team that competed at the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He is a member of the Israeli Football Hall of Fame.
4. Heber J. Grant, American religious leader, 7th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1856) deaths
  1. Heber J. Grant
    
    Heber Jeddy Grant was an American religious leader who served as the seventh president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Grant worked as a bookkeeper and a cashier, then was called to be an LDS apostle on October 16, 1882, at age 25. After the death of Joseph F. Smith in late 1918, Grant served as LDS Church president until his death.
  2. President of the Church (LDS Church)
    
    The President of the Church is the highest office of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It was the office held by Joseph Smith, the church's founder. The church's president is its leader and the head of the First Presidency, its highest governing body. Latter-day Saints consider the president of the church to be a "prophet, seer, and revelator" and refer to him as "the Prophet", a title that was originally given to Smith. When the name of the president is used by adherents, it is usually prefaced by the title "President". Russell M. Nelson has been the president since January 14, 2018.
5. Wolfgang Lüth, Latvian-German captain (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Wolfgang Lüth
    
    Wolfgang Lüth was a German U-boat captain of World War II who was credited with the sinking of 46 merchant ships plus the French submarine Doris sunk during 15 war patrols, for a total tonnage of 225,204 gross register tons (GRT).
6. Isis Pogson, English astronomer and meteorologist (b. 1852) deaths
  1. Isis Pogson
    
    Isis Pogson,, was a British astronomer and meteorologist, who was one of the first women to be elected as a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.
1944
1. Gene Cornish, Canadian-American guitarist births
  1. Gene Cornish
    
    Gene Cornish is a Canadian-American guitarist and harmonica player. He is an original member of the popular 1960s blue-eyed soul band The Young Rascals. From 1965 to 1970, the band recorded eight albums and had thirteen singles that reached Billboard's Top 40 chart. In 1997, as a founding member of The Rascals, Cornish was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
2. George Lucas, American director, producer, and screenwriter, founded Lucasfilm births
  1. George Lucas
    
    George Walton Lucas Jr. is an American filmmaker. Lucas is best known for creating the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises and founding Lucasfilm, LucasArts, Industrial Light & Magic and THX. He served as chairman of Lucasfilm before selling it to The Walt Disney Company in 2012. Lucas is one of history's most financially successful filmmakers and has been nominated for four Academy Awards. His films are among the 100 highest-grossing movies at the North American box office, adjusted for ticket-price inflation. Lucas is considered to be one of the most significant figures of the 20th-century New Hollywood movement, and a pioneer of the modern blockbuster.
  2. Lucasfilm
    
    Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC is an American film and television production company and a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, which is a business segment of The Walt Disney Company. The studio is best known for creating and producing the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises, as well as its leadership in developing special effects, sound, and computer animation for films. Lucasfilm was founded by filmmaker George Lucas in 1971 in San Rafael, California; most of the company's operations were moved to San Francisco in 2005.
3. David Kelly, Welsh scientist (d. 2003) births
  1. David Kelly (weapons expert)
    
    David Christopher Kelly was a Welsh scientist and authority on biological warfare (BW). In July 2003 he had an off-the-record conversation with Andrew Gilligan, a BBC journalist; during their discussion they talked about the 2002 dossier on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction, which stated that some of Iraq's chemical and biological weapons were deployable within 45 minutes. When Gilligan reported this on BBC Radio 4's Today programme, he stated that the 45 minute claim was included at the insistence of Alastair Campbell, the Downing Street Director of Communications—something Kelly denied. The government complained to the BBC about the claim, but they refused to recant on it; political tumult between Downing Street and the BBC developed. Kelly informed his line managers in the Ministry of Defence that he may have been the source, but did not think he was the only one, as Gilligan had reported points he had not mentioned. Kelly's name became known to the media, and he was called to appear on 15 July before the parliamentary Intelligence and Security and Foreign Affairs Select committees. Two days later Kelly was found dead near his home.
1943
1. Jack Bruce, Scottish-English singer-songwriter and bass player (d. 2014) births
  1. Jack Bruce
    
    John Symon Asher Bruce was a Scottish bassist, singer-songwriter, musician and composer. He gained popularity as the primary lead vocalist and ‍bassist ‍of British rock band Cream. After the group disbanded in 1968, he pursued a solo career and also played with several bands.
2. L. Denis Desautels, Canadian accountant and civil servant births
  1. L. Denis Desautels
    
    L. Denis Desautels, is a Canadian accountant, corporate director, and former Auditor General of Canada.
3. Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, Icelandic academic and politician, 5th President of Iceland births
  1. Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
    
    Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson is an Icelandic politician who was the fifth president of Iceland from 1996 to 2016. He was previously a member of the Icelandic Parliament for the People's Alliance and served as Minister of Finance from 1988 to 1991.
  2. President of Iceland
    
    The president of Iceland is the head of state of Iceland. The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, who is now in his second term as president, elected in 2016 and re-elected in 2020.
4. Derek Leckenby, English pop-rock guitarist (d. 1994) births
  1. Derek Leckenby
    
    Derek "Lek" Leckenby was an English musician and lead guitarist, most famous for his work with English pop group Herman's Hermits.
5. Richard Peto, English statistician and epidemiologist births
  1. Richard Peto
    
    Sir Richard Peto is an English statistician and epidemiologist who is Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology at the University of Oxford, England.
6. Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer and author, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1854) deaths
  1. Henri La Fontaine
    
    Henri La Fontaine, was a Belgian international lawyer and president of the International Peace Bureau. He received the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1913 because "he was the effective leader of the peace movement in Europe".
  2. Nobel Peace Prize
    
    The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine and Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".
1942
1. Valeriy Brumel, Russian high jumper (d. 2003) births
  1. Valeriy Brumel
    
    Valeriy Nikolayevich Brumel was a Soviet high jumper. The 1964 Olympic champion and multiple world record holder, he is regarded as one of the greatest athletes ever to compete in the high jump. His international career was ended by a motorcycle crash in 1965.
2. Byron Dorgan, American lawyer and politician births
  1. Byron Dorgan
    
    Byron Leslie Dorgan is an American author, businessman and former politician who served as a United States Representative (1981–1992) and United States Senator (1992–2011) from North Dakota. He is member of the Democratic Party.
3. Alistair McAlpine, Baron McAlpine of West Green, English businessman and politician (d. 2014) births
  1. Alistair McAlpine, Baron McAlpine of West Green
    
    Robert Alistair McAlpine, Baron McAlpine of West Green was a British businessman, politician and author who was an advisor to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.
4. Tony Pérez, Cuban-American baseball player and manager births
  1. Tony Pérez
    
    Atanasio "Tony" Pérez Rigal is a Cuban-American former professional baseball player, coach and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman and third baseman from 1964 through 1986, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976. He also played for the Montreal Expos, Boston Red Sox and the Philadelphia Phillies.
5. Malise Ruthven, Irish author and academic births
  1. Malise Ruthven
    
    Malise Walter Maitland Knox Hore-Ruthven is an Anglo-Irish academic and writer.
1941
1. Ada den Haan, Dutch swimmer births
  1. Ada den Haan
    
    Adelaïde Henriette "Ada" den Haan is a retired Dutch breaststroke swimmer. She dominated the 200m breaststroke event in the 1950s, setting four world records in 1956–1957, one under the old rules and three under the new rules that disallowed long underwater swimming. However, she could not participate in the 1956 Summer Olympics that were boycotted by the Netherlands in protest of the suppression of the Hungarian Revolution by the Soviet Union. She won two European gold medals in 1958, but by 1959 her world record was broken and her dominance faded away. At the 1960 Summer Olympics she was part of the Dutch medley team that broke the Olympic record in the preliminaries; however, they finished fourth in the final. She was also fourth in the individual 200 m breastroke event. She married Martien Swinkels, the coach of the Dutch swimming star Marcel Wouda.
1940
1. Chay Blyth, Scottish sailor and rower births
  1. Chay Blyth
    
    Sir Charles Blyth, known as Chay Blyth, is a Scottish yachtsman and rower. He was the first person to sail single-handed non-stop westwards around the world (1971), on a 59-foot boat called British Steel.
2. H. Jones, English colonel, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1982) births
  1. H. Jones
    
    Lieutenant Colonel Herbert Jones,, known as H. Jones, was a British Army officer and posthumous recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC). He was awarded the VC after being killed in action during the Battle of Goose Green for his actions as commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Parachute Regiment, during the Falklands War.
  2. Victoria Cross
    
    The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system. It is awarded for valour "in the presence of the enemy" to members of the British Armed Forces and may be awarded posthumously. It was previously awarded by countries of the Commonwealth of Nations, most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours. It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command. No civilian has received the award since 1879. Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857, two-thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch. The investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace.
3. George Mathewson, Scottish banker and businessman births
  1. George Mathewson
    
    Sir George Ross Mathewson, is a Scottish businessman. He is best known for transforming the Scottish bank The Royal Bank of Scotland from a struggling regional player into a quasi global bank with parallels to Citigroup or HSBC. He was described by the Sunday Herald, as "banking's answer to Bruce Springsteen".
4. Emma Goldman, Lithuanian author and activist (b. 1869) deaths
  1. Emma Goldman
    
    Emma Goldman was a Russian-born anarchist political activist and writer. She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the 20th century.
5. Menno ter Braak, Dutch author (b. 1902) deaths
  1. Menno ter Braak
    
    Menno ter Braak was a Dutch modernist writer, critic, essayist, and journalist.
1939
1. Rupert Neudeck, German journalist and humanitarian (d. 2016) births
  1. Rupert Neudeck
    
    Rupert Neudeck was known for his humanitarian work, especially with refugees. He started his career as a noted correspondent for Deutschlandfunk, a German public broadcaster. Later, he focused on assisting those fleeing conflict. He was noted for his role in assisting thousands of refugees from Vietnam in the late 1970s. Neudeck was a winner of numerous awards, including the Theodor Heuss Medal, the Bruno Kreisky Prize for Services to Human Rights, the Erich Kaestner Award and the Walter Dirks Award, and was co-founder of both the Cap Anamur and Green Helmets humanitarian organizations.
2. Troy Shondell, American singer-songwriter (d. 2016) births
  1. Troy Shondell
    
    Gary Wayne Schelton, also known as Troy Shondell, was an American vocalist, who achieved fame in the early 1960s. He became a transatlantic one-hit wonder, by releasing a single that made the record charts in both the US and the UK. The song, "This Time" sold over one million records, earning gold disc status. In a single year, sales were over three million copies.
1938
1. Robert Boyd, English pediatrician and academic births
  1. Robert Boyd (paediatrician)
    
    Sir Robert David Hugh Boyd FRCP, FFPH, FRCPCH, FMedSci is a British paediatrician and head of research and Development for Greater Manchester NHS. From 1989 to 1993 he was Dean of the Medical School and Professor of Paediatrics at the University of Manchester. From 1993 to 1996 he was Chair of the Manchester Health authority. He was Principal of St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, 1996–2003, and Pro-Vice-Chancellor of the University of London from 2000 to 2003. He was made a Knight Bachelor in 2004. He is the son of James Dixon Boyd.
1936
1. Bobby Darin, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 1973) births
  1. Bobby Darin
    
    Bobby Darin was an American musician and actor. He performed jazz, pop, rock and roll, folk, swing, and country music.
2. Dick Howser, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1987) births
  1. Dick Howser
    
    Richard Dalton Howser was an American Major League Baseball shortstop, coach, and manager who was best known as the manager of the Kansas City Royals during the 1980s and for guiding them to the franchise's first World Series title in 1985.
3. Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, English field marshal and diplomat, British High Commissioner in Egypt (b. 1861) deaths
  1. Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby
    
    Field Marshal Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, was a senior British Army officer and Imperial Governor. He fought in the Second Boer War and also in the First World War, in which he led the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign against the Ottoman Empire in the conquest of Palestine.
  2. List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Egypt
    
    The ambassador of the United Kingdom to Egypt is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Egypt, and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Egypt. The official title is His Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Arab Republic of Egypt.
1935
1. Ethel Johnson, American professional wrestler (d. 2018) births
  1. Ethel Johnson (wrestler)
    
    Ethel Blanche Hairston was an American professional wrestler whose ring name was Ethel Johnson. She debuted at age 16, becoming the first African-American women's champion. She was a fan favorite, billed as "the biggest attraction to hit girl wrestling since girl wrestling began."
2. Rudi Šeligo, Slovenian playwright and politician (d. 2004) births
  1. Rudi Šeligo
    
    Rudi Šeligo was a Slovenian writer, playwright, essayist and politician. Together with Lojze Kovačič and Drago Jančar, he is considered one of the foremost Slovenian modernist writers of the post-World War II period.
3. Harvey Wollman, American politician, 26th Governor of South Dakota (d. 2022) births
  1. Harvey Wollman
    
    Harvey Lowell Wollman was an American politician who served as the 26th Governor of South Dakota from 1978 to 1979. He was the first Lieutenant Governor in the history of South Dakota to succeed to the governorship. To date, he is also the most recent Democrat to have held the office of South Dakota's governor.
  2. Governor of South Dakota
    
    The governor of South Dakota is the head of government of South Dakota. The governor is elected to a four-year term in even years when there is no presidential election. The current governor is Kristi Noem, a member of the Republican Party who took office on January 5, 2019.
4. Magnus Hirschfeld, German physician and sexologist (b. 1868) deaths
  1. Magnus Hirschfeld
    
    Magnus Hirschfeld was a German physician and sexologist.
1934
1. Lou Criger, American baseball player and manager (b. 1872) deaths
  1. Lou Criger
    
    Louis Criger was an American professional baseball catcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1896 to 1912 for the Cleveland Spiders, St. Louis Perfectos / Cardinals, Boston Americans / Red Sox, St. Louis Browns and New York Highlanders. Listed at 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and 165 pounds (75 kg), he batted and threw right-handed.
1933
1. Siân Phillips, Welsh actress and singer births
  1. Siân Phillips
    
    Dame Jane Elizabeth Ailwên Phillips, known professionally as Siân Phillips, is a Welsh actress. She has performed the title roles in Ibsen's Hedda Gabler and George Bernard Shaw's Saint Joan.
1932
1. Robert Bechtle, American lithographer and painter (d. 2020) births
  1. Robert Bechtle
    
    Robert Alan Bechtle was an American painter, printmaker, and educator. He lived nearly all his life in the San Francisco Bay Area and whose art was centered on scenes from everyday local life. His paintings are in a Photorealist style and often depict automobiles.
1931
1. Alvin Lucier, American composer and academic (d. 2021) births
  1. Alvin Lucier
    
    Alvin Augustus Lucier Jr. was an American composer of experimental music and sound installations that explore acoustic phenomena and auditory perception. A long-time music professor at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, Lucier was a member of the influential Sonic Arts Union, which included Robert Ashley, David Behrman, and Gordon Mumma. Much of his work is influenced by science and explores the physical properties of sound itself: resonance of spaces, phase interference between closely tuned pitches, and the transmission of sound through physical media.
2. David Belasco, American director, producer, and playwright (b. 1853) deaths
  1. David Belasco
    
    David Belasco was an American theatrical producer, impresario, director, and playwright. He was the first writer to adapt the short story Madame Butterfly for the stage. He launched the theatrical career of many actors, including James O'Neill, Mary Pickford, Lenore Ulric, and Barbara Stanwyck. Belasco pioneered many innovative new forms of stage lighting and special effects in order to create realism and naturalism.
1930
1. William James, Australian general and physician (d. 2015) births
  1. William James (Australian general)
    
    Major General William Brian "Digger" James was an Australian soldier and military physician who served in the Australian Army during the Korean War and the Vietnam War.
1929
1. Barbara Branden, Canadian-American author (d. 2013) births
  1. Barbara Branden
    
    Barbara Joan Branden was a Canadian-American writer, editor, and lecturer, known for her relationship and subsequent break with novelist-philosopher Ayn Rand.
2. Henry McGee, English actor and singer (d. 2006) births
  1. Henry McGee
    
    For the American businessman and academic, see Henry W. McGee.
3. Gump Worsley, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2007) births
  1. Gump Worsley
    
    Lorne John "Gump" Worsley was a professional ice hockey goaltender. Born and raised in Montreal, Quebec, 'Gump' was given his nickname because friends thought he looked like comic-strip character Andy Gump.
1928
1. Dub Jones, American R&B bass singer (d. 2000) births
  1. Dub Jones (singer)
    
    Will J. "Dub" Jones was an American R&B singer. He was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, and died in Long Beach, California. He was inducted as a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Coasters in 1987. Other groups with which he recorded include The Cadets, The Crescendos, and The Charades.
2. Frederik H. Kreuger, Dutch engineer, author, and academic (d. 2015) births
  1. Frederik H. Kreuger
    
    Frederik Hendrik Kreuger, was a Dutch high voltage scientist and inventor, lived in Delft, the Netherlands, and was professor emeritus of the Delft University of Technology. He was also a professional author of technical literature, nonfiction books, thrillers and a decisive biography of the master forger Han van Meegeren.
3. Brian Macdonald, Canadian dancer and choreographer (d. 2014) births
  1. Brian Macdonald (choreographer)
    
    Brian Ronald Macdonald was a Canadian dancer, choreographer and director of opera, theatre and musical theatre.
1927
1. Herbert W. Franke, Austrian scientist and author births
  1. Herbert W. Franke
    
    Herbert W. Franke was an Austrian scientist and writer. Die Zeit calls him "the most prominent German writing Science Fiction author". He is also one of the important early computer artists, creating computer graphics and early digital art since the late 1950s. Franke was also active in the fields of future research as well as speleology. He used his pen name Sergius Both as this Avatar name in Active Worlds and Opensimulator grids. The Sergius Both Award is given for creative scripting in Immersionskunst by Stiftung Kunstinformatik, first time issued at Amerika Art 2022.
1926
1. Eric Morecambe, English comedian and actor (d. 1984) births
  1. Eric Morecambe
    
    John Eric Bartholomew,, known by his stage name Eric Morecambe, was an English comedian who together with Ernie Wise formed the double act Morecambe and Wise. The partnership lasted from 1941 until Morecambe's death in 1984. Morecambe took his stage name from his home town, the seaside resort of Morecambe in Lancashire.
1925
1. Sophie Kurys, American baseball player (d. 2013) births
  1. Sophie Kurys
    
    Sophie Kurys was a former second basewoman who played from 1943 through 1952 in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. Listed at 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m), 115 lb (52 kg), Kurys batted and threw right-handed.
2. Patrice Munsel, American soprano and actress (d. 2016) births
  1. Patrice Munsel
    
    Patrice Munsel was an American coloratura soprano. Nicknamed "Princess Pat", she was the youngest singer ever to star at the Metropolitan Opera.
3. Boris Parsadanian, Armenian-Estonian violinist and composer (d. 1997) births
  1. Boris Parsadanian
    
    Boris Khristoforovich Parsadanian was an Armenian-Estonian composer.
4. Al Porcino, American trumpet player (d. 2013) births
  1. Al Porcino
    
    Al Porcino was an American lead trumpeter.
5. Ninian Sanderson, Scottish race car driver (d. 1985) births
  1. Ninian Sanderson
    
    Ninian Sanderson was a Scottish car dealer, sports car racing driver, and winner of the 1956 24 Hours of Le Mans.
1923
1. Adnan Pachachi, Iraqi politician, Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2019) births
  1. Adnan Pachachi
    
    Adnan al-Pachachi or Adnan Muzahim Ameen al-Pachachi was a veteran Iraqi and Emirati politician and diplomat. Pachachi was Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1959 to 1965 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iraq from 1965 to 1967, during the Six-Day War with Israel; he again served as Permanent Representative to the UN from 1967 to 1969. After 1971, he left Iraq in exile and became an Emirati Minister of State and political advisor to United Arab Emirates president Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan. Following the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq, Pachachi was an important figure in Iraqi politics, often described as Iraq's elder statesman. He rejected the role of president in the Iraqi Interim Government.
  2. Minister of Foreign Affairs (Iraq)
    
    Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Iraq is a cabinet ministry of Iraq, responsible for conducting foreign relations of the country.
2. Mrinal Sen, Bangladeshi-Indian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2018) births
  1. Mrinal Sen
    
    Mrinal Sen was an Indian film director, and screenwriter known for his work primarily in Bengali, and few Hindi and Telugu language films. Regarded as one of the finest Indian filmmakers, along with his contemporaries Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak, and Tapan Sinha, Sen played major role in the New Wave cinema of eastern India.
3. N. G. Chandavarkar, Indian jurist and politician (b. 1855) deaths
  1. N. G. Chandavarkar
    
    Sir Narayan Ganesh Chandavarkar was an early Indian National Congress politician and Hindu reformer. He was regarded by some as the "leading Hindu reformer of western India".
4. Charles de Freycinet, French engineer and politician, 43rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828) deaths
  1. Charles de Freycinet
    
    Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet was a French statesman and four times Prime Minister during the Third Republic. He also served an important term as Minister of War (1888–1893). He belonged to the Opportunist Republicans faction.
  2. Prime Minister of France
    
    The prime minister of France, officially the prime minister of the French Republic, is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers.
1922
1. Franjo Tuđman, Yugoslav historian; later 1st President of Croatia (d. 1999) births
  1. Franjo Tuđman
    
    Franjo Tuđman, also written as Franjo Tudjman, was a Croatian politician and historian. Following the country's independence from Yugoslavia, he became the first president of Croatia and served as president from 1990 until his death in 1999. He was the ninth and last President of the Presidency of SR Croatia from May to July 1990.
  2. President of Croatia
    
    The president of Croatia, officially the President of the Republic of Croatia, is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the military and chief representative of the Republic of Croatia both within the country and abroad. The president is the holder of the highest office in Croatia. However, the president is not the head of the executive branch as Croatia has a parliamentary system in which the holder of the post of prime minister is the most powerful person within the country's constitutional framework and everyday politics.
1921
1. Richard Deacon, American actor (d. 1984) births
  1. Richard Deacon (actor)
    
    Richard Lewis Deacon was an American television and motion picture actor, best known for playing supporting roles in television shows such as The Dick Van Dyke Show, Leave It To Beaver, and The Jack Benny Program along with minor roles in films such as Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) and Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds (1963).
1919
1. Solange Chaput-Rolland, Canadian journalist and politician (d. 2001) births
  1. Solange Chaput-Rolland
    
    Solange Chaput-Rolland, was a Canadian journalist, author, lecturer, politician, and Senator.
2. John Hope, American soldier and meteorologist (d. 2002) births
  1. John Hope (meteorologist)
    
    John Raymond Hope was an American meteorologist who specialized in hurricane forecasting and was an on-air personality on The Weather Channel.
3. Henry J. Heinz, American businessman, founded the H. J. Heinz Company (b. 1844) deaths
  1. Henry J. Heinz
    
    Henry John Heinz was an American entrepreneur of Palatine descent who, at the age of 25, co-founded a small horseradish concern in Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania. This business failed, but his second business expanded into tomato ketchup and other condiments, and ultimately became the internationally known H. J. Heinz Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  2. Heinz
    
    The H. J. Heinz Company is an American food processing company headquartered at One PPG Place in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The company was founded by Henry J. Heinz in 1869. Heinz manufactures thousands of food products in plants on six continents, and markets these products in more than 200 countries and territories. The company claims to have 150 number-one or number-two brands worldwide. Heinz ranked first in ketchup in the US with a market share in excess of 50%; the Ore-Ida label held 46% of the frozen potato sector in 2003.
1918
1. James Gordon Bennett, Jr., American journalist and publisher (b. 1841) deaths
  1. James Gordon Bennett Jr.
    
    James Gordon Bennett Jr. was publisher of the New York Herald, founded by his father, James Gordon Bennett Sr. (1795–1872), who emigrated from Scotland. He was generally known as Gordon Bennett to distinguish him from his father. Among his many sports-related accomplishments he organized both the first polo match and the first tennis match in the United States, and he personally won the first trans-oceanic yacht race. He sponsored explorers including Henry Morton Stanley's trip to Africa to find David Livingstone, and the ill-fated USS Jeannette attempt on the North Pole.
1917
1. Lou Harrison, American composer and critic (d. 2003) births
  1. Lou Harrison
    
    Lou Silver Harrison was an American composer, music critic, music theorist, painter, and creator of unique musical instruments. Harrison initially wrote in a dissonant, ultramodernist style similar to his former teacher and contemporary, Henry Cowell, but later moved toward incorporating elements of non-Western cultures into his work. Notable examples include a number of pieces written for Javanese style gamelan instruments, inspired after studying with noted gamelan musician Kanjeng Notoprojo in Indonesia. Harrison would create his own musical ensembles and instruments with his partner, William Colvig, who are now both considered founders of the American gamelan movement and world music; along with composers Harry Partch and Claude Vivier, and ethnomusicologist Colin McPhee.
2. Norman Luboff, American composer and conductor (d. 1987) births
  1. Norman Luboff
    
    Norman Luboff was an American music arranger, music publisher, and choir director.
1916
1. Robert F. Christy, Canadian-American physicist and astronomer (d. 2012) births
  1. Robert F. Christy
    
    Robert Frederick Christy was a Canadian-American theoretical physicist and later astrophysicist who was one of the last surviving people to have worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II. He briefly served as acting president of California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
2. Lance Dossor, English-Australian pianist and educator (d. 2005) births
  1. Lance Dossor
    
    Harry Lancelot Dossor was a British-born classical music concert pianist and teacher who emigrated to Australia in May 1953.
3. Marco Zanuso, Italian architect and designer (d. 2001) births
  1. Marco Zanuso
    
    Marco Zanuso was a leading Italian Modernist architect and designer.
1914
1. Gul Khan Nasir, Pakistani journalist, poet, and politician (d. 1983) births
  1. Gul Khan Nasir
    
    Gul Khan Naseer, also known as Malek o-Sho'arā Balochistan was a politician, poet, historian, and journalist from Balochistan, Pakistan. Born on 14 May 1914 in Noshki, Gul Khan Naseer was at the forefront of the Baloch nationalist movement and was most active between 1935 and 1980. His father's name was Habib Khan and he belonged to the Paindzai family of the Zagar Mengal sub branch of the Mengal tribe. Gul Khan's mother "Bibi Hooran" belonged to the Rakhshani branch of the Bolazai Badini.
2. William Tutte, British codebreaker and mathematician (d. 2002) births
  1. W. T. Tutte
    
    William Thomas Tutte OC FRS FRSC was an English and Canadian codebreaker and mathematician. During the Second World War, he made a brilliant and fundamental advance in cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher, a major Nazi German cipher system which was used for top-secret communications within the Wehrmacht High Command. The high-level, strategic nature of the intelligence obtained from Tutte's crucial breakthrough, in the bulk decrypting of Lorenz-enciphered messages specifically, contributed greatly, and perhaps even decisively, to the defeat of Nazi Germany. He also had a number of significant mathematical accomplishments, including foundation work in the fields of graph theory and matroid theory.
1912
1. Frederick VIII of Denmark (b. 1843) deaths
  1. Frederick VIII of Denmark
    
    Frederick VIII was King of Denmark from 29 January 1906 until his death in 1912.
2. August Strindberg, Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist (b. 1849) deaths
  1. August Strindberg
    
    Johan August Strindberg was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter. A prolific writer who often drew directly on his personal experience, Strindberg wrote more than sixty plays and more than thirty works of fiction, autobiography, history, cultural analysis, and politics during his career, which spanned four decades. A bold experimenter and iconoclast throughout, he explored a wide range of dramatic methods and purposes, from naturalistic tragedy, monodrama, and history plays, to his anticipations of expressionist and surrealist dramatic techniques. From his earliest work, Strindberg developed innovative forms of dramatic action, language, and visual composition. He is considered the "father" of modern Swedish literature and his The Red Room (1879) has frequently been described as the first modern Swedish novel. In Sweden, Strindberg is known as an essayist, painter, poet, and especially as a novelist and playwright, but in other countries he is known mostly as a playwright.
1910
1. Ken Viljoen, South African cricketer (d. 1974) births
  1. Ken Viljoen
    
    Kenneth George Viljoen was a South African cricketer who played in 27 Test matches from 1930–31 to 1948–49. He was later a manager of post–World War II South African teams. He was born in Windsorton, Cape Province, and died in Krugersdorp, Transvaal.
2. Ne Win, Prime Minister and President of Burma (d. 2002) births
  1. Ne Win
    
    Ne Win was a Burmese politician and military commander who served as Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974, and also President of Burma from 1962 to 1981. Ne Win was Burma's military dictator during the Socialist Burma period of 1962 to 1988.
1909
1. Godfrey Rampling, English sprinter and colonel (d. 2009) births
  1. Godfrey Rampling
    
    Godfrey Lionel Rampling was an English athlete and army officer who competed for Great Britain in the 1932 Summer Olympics and in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He turned 100 on 14 May 2009 and was the oldest living British Olympian at the time of his death.
1908
1. Betty Jeffrey, Australian nurse and author (d. 2000) births
  1. Betty Jeffrey
    
    Agnes Betty Jeffrey, OAM was an Australian writer who wrote about her Second World War nursing experiences in the book White Coolies.
1907
1. Ayub Khan, Pakistani general and politician, 2nd President of Pakistan (d. 1974) births
  1. Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)
    
    Muhammad Ayub Khan, was the second President of Pakistan. He was an army general who seized the presidency from Iskander Mirza in a coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état in the country's history. Popular demonstrations and labour strikes supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969. During his presidency, differences between East and West Pakistan arose to an enormous degree, that ultimately led to the Independence of East Pakistan.
  2. President of Pakistan
    
    The president of Pakistan, officially the President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces.
2. Hans von der Groeben, German journalist and diplomat (d. 2005) births
  1. Hans von der Groeben
    
    Hans von der Groeben was a German diplomat, lawyer and journalist and member of the European Commission.
1906
1. Carl Schurz, German-American general, journalist, and politician, 13th United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1829) deaths
  1. Carl Schurz
    
    Carl Schurz was a German revolutionary and an American statesman, journalist, and reformer. He immigrated to the United States after the German revolutions of 1848–1849 and became a prominent member of the new Republican Party. After serving as a Union general in the American Civil War, he helped found the short-lived Liberal Republican Party and became a prominent advocate of civil service reform. Schurz represented Missouri in the United States Senate and was the 13th United States Secretary of the Interior.
  2. United States Secretary of the Interior
    
    The United States secretary of the interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. The secretary and the Department of the Interior are responsible for the management and conservation of most federal land along with natural resources, leading such agencies as the Bureau of Land Management, the United States Geological Survey, Bureau of Indian Affairs and the National Park Service. The secretary also serves on and appoints the private citizens on the National Park Foundation Board. The secretary is a member of the United States Cabinet and reports to the president of the United States. The function of the U.S. Department of the Interior is different from that of the interior minister designated in many other countries.
1905
1. Jean Daniélou, French cardinal and theologian (d. 1974) births
  1. Jean Daniélou
    
    Jean-Guenolé-Marie Daniélou was a French Jesuit and cardinal, an internationally well known patrologist, theologian and historian and a member of the Académie Française.
2. Herbert Morrison, American soldier and journalist (d. 1989) births
  1. Herbert Morrison (journalist)
    
    Herbert Oglevee Morrison was an American radio journalist best known for his dramatic report of the Hindenburg disaster, a catastrophic fire that destroyed the LZ 129 Hindenburg zeppelin on May 6, 1937, killing 36 people.
3. Antonio Berni, Argentinian painter, illustrator, and engraver (d. 1981) births
  1. Antonio Berni
    
    Delesio Antonio Berni was an Argentine figurative artist. He is associated with the movement known as Nuevo Realismo, an Argentine extension of social realism. His work, including a series of Juanito Laguna collages depicting poverty and the effects of industrialization in Buenos Aires, has been exhibited around the world.
1904
1. Hans Albert Einstein, Swiss-American engineer and educator (d. 1973) births
  1. Hans Albert Einstein
    
    Hans Albert Einstein was a Swiss-American engineer and educator, the second child and first son of physicists Albert Einstein and Mileva Marić. He was a long-time professor of hydraulic engineering at the University of California, Berkeley.
2. Marcel Junod, Swiss physician and anesthesiologist (d. 1961) births
  1. Marcel Junod
    
    Marcel Junod was a Swiss medical doctor and one of the most accomplished field delegates in the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). After medical school and a short position as a surgeon in Mulhouse, France, he became an ICRC delegate and was deployed in Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, and in Europe as well as in Japan during World War II. In 1947, he wrote a book with the title Warrior without Weapons about his experiences. After the war, he worked for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as chief representative in China, and settled back in Europe in 1950. He founded the anaesthesiology department of the Cantonal Hospital in Geneva and became the first professor in this discipline at the University of Geneva. In 1952, he was appointed a member of the ICRC and, after many more missions for this institution, was Vice-President from 1959 until his death in 1961.
1903
1. Billie Dove, American actress (d. 1997) births
  1. Billie Dove
    
    Lillian Bohny, known professionally as Billie Dove, was an American actress.
1901
1. Robert Ritter, German psychologist and physician (d. 1951) births
  1. Robert Ritter
    
    Robert Ritter was a German racial scientist doctor of psychology and medicine, with a background in child psychiatry and the biology of criminality. In 1936, Ritter was appointed head of the Racial Hygiene and Demographic Biology Research Unit of Nazi Germany's Criminal Police, to establish the genealogical histories of the German "Gypsies", both Roma and Sinti, and became the "architect of the experiments Roma and Sinti were subjected to." His pseudo-scientific "research" in classifying these populations of Germany aided the Nazi government in their systematic persecution toward a goal of "racial purity".
1900
1. Hal Borland, American journalist and author (d. 1978) births
  1. Hal Borland
    
    Harold "Hal" Glen Borland was an American writer, journalist and naturalist. In addition to writing many non-fiction and fiction books about the outdoors, he was a staff writer and editorialist for The New York Times.
2. Walter Rehberg, Swiss pianist and composer (d. 1957) births
  1. Walter Rehberg
    
    Walter Rehberg was a Swiss concert pianist, composer and writer on musical subjects who was particularly active from the 1920s to 1950s.
3. Cai Chang, Chinese first leader of All-China Women's Federation (d. 1990) births
  1. Cai Chang
    
    Cai Chang was a Chinese politician and women's rights activist who was the first chair of the All-China Women's Federation, a Chinese women's rights organization.
  2. All-China Women's Federation
    
    The All-China Women's Federation is a women's rights people's organization established in China on 24 March 1949. It was originally called the All-China Democratic Women's Foundation, and was renamed the All-China Women's Federation in 1957. It has acted as the official leader of the women’s movement in China since its founding. It is responsible for promoting government policies on women, and protecting women’s rights within the government, while liberating them from traditional norms within society and involving them in social revolution with the aim to promote their overall status and welfare in Chinese society. With the establishment of the organization women achieved momentum and power in the political life and among the male elite and required representation as a united political community.
4. Leo Smit, Dutch pianist and composer (d. 1943) births
  1. Leo Smit (Dutch composer)
    
    Leopold "Leo" Smit was a Dutch composer, murdered during The Holocaust at the Sobibor extermination camp.
5. Edgar Wind, German-English historian, author, and academic (d. 1971) births
  1. Edgar Wind
    
    Edgar Wind was a German-born British interdisciplinary art historian, specializing in iconology in the Renaissance era. He was a member of the school of art historians associated with Aby Warburg and the Warburg Institute as well as the first Professor of art history at Oxford University.
1899
1. Charlotte Auerbach, German-Scottish folklorist, geneticist, and zoologist (d. 1994) births
  1. Charlotte Auerbach
    
    Charlotte "Lotte" Auerbach FRS FRSE was a German geneticist who contributed to founding the science of mutagenesis. She became well known after 1942 when she discovered with A. J. Clark and J. M. Robson that mustard gas could cause mutations in fruit flies. She wrote 91 scientific papers, and was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and of the Royal Society of London.
2. Pierre Victor Auger, French physicist and academic (d. 1993) births
  1. Pierre Victor Auger
    
    Pierre Victor Auger was a French physicist, born in Paris. He worked in the fields of atomic physics, nuclear physics, and cosmic ray physics. He is famous for being one of the discoverers of the Auger effect, named after him.
3. Earle Combs, American baseball player and coach (d. 1976) births
  1. Earle Combs
    
    Earle Bryan Combs was an American professional baseball player who played his entire career for the New York Yankees (1924–1935). Combs batted leadoff and played center field on the Yankees' fabled 1927 team. He is one of six players on that team who have been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame; the other five are Waite Hoyt, Herb Pennock, Tony Lazzeri, Lou Gehrig and Babe Ruth.
1897
1. Sidney Bechet, American saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (d. 1959) births
  1. Sidney Bechet
    
    Sidney Bechet was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, and composer. He was one of the first important soloists in jazz, and first recorded several months before trumpeter Louis Armstrong. His erratic temperament hampered his career, and not until the late 1940s did he earn wide acclaim. Bechet spent much of his later life in France.
2. Ed Ricketts, American biologist and ecologist (d. 1948) births
  1. Ed Ricketts
    
    Edward Flanders Robb Ricketts was an American marine biologist, ecologist, and philosopher. He is best known for Between Pacific Tides (1939), a pioneering study of intertidal ecology. He is also known as a mentor who influenced the writer John Steinbeck, which resulted in a collaboration and coauthorship of the book, Sea of Cortez (1941). Eleven years later, and just 3 years after the death of Ed Ricketts, John Steinbeck reprinted the narrative portion of their coauthored book with a new publisher, but removed Ed as coauthor, while adding a biography of Ed Ricketts, and Steinbeck made a new title for the book as The Log from the Sea of Cortez (1946). Steinbeck also added a eulogy for Ricketts, though it was met with public backlash.
1893
1. Louis Verneuil, French actor and playwright (d. 1952) births
  1. Louis Verneuil
    
    Louis Jacques Marie Collin du Bocage, better known by the pen name Louis Verneuil, was a French playwright, screenwriter, and actor.
2. Ernst Kummer, German mathematician and academic (b. 1810) deaths
  1. Ernst Kummer
    
    Ernst Eduard Kummer was a German mathematician. Skilled in applied mathematics, Kummer trained German army officers in ballistics; afterwards, he taught for 10 years in a gymnasium, the German equivalent of high school, where he inspired the mathematical career of Leopold Kronecker.
1889
1. Volney Howard, American lawyer, jurist, and politician (b. 1809) deaths
  1. Volney Howard
    
    Volney Erskine Howard was an American lawyer, statesman, and jurist.
1888
1. Archie Alexander, American mathematician and engineer (d. 1958) births
  1. Archie Alexander
    
    Archibald Alphonso Alexander was an American architect and engineer. He was an early African-American graduate of the University of Iowa and the first to graduate from the University of Iowa's College of Engineering. He was also a governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands.
1887
1. Ants Kurvits, Estonian general and politician, 10th Estonian Minister of War (d. 1943) births
  1. Ants Kurvits
    
    Ants Kurvits or Hans Kurvits was an Estonian military commander, reaching rank of major general. He participated in the Estonian War of Independence and later became the founder and long-time leader of the Estonian Border Guard. Kurvits also served briefly as Minister of War.
  2. Minister of Defence (Estonia)
    
    The Minister of Defence is the senior minister at the Ministry of Defence (Kaitseministeerium) in the Estonian Government. The minister is one of the most important members of the Estonian government, with responsibility for coordinating the governments policies on national defence and the military forces. The defence minister is chosen by the prime minister as a part of the government.
1885
1. Otto Klemperer, German composer and conductor (d. 1973) births
  1. Otto Klemperer
    
    Otto Nossan Klemperer was a German-born orchestral conductor and composer, described as "the last of the few really great conductors of his generation."
1881
1. Lionel Hill, Australian politician, 30th Premier of South Australia (d. 1963) births
  1. Lionel Hill
    
    Lionel Laughton Hill was the thirtieth Premier of South Australia, representing the South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party.
  2. Premier of South Australia
    
    The premier of South Australia is the head of government in the state of South Australia, Australia. The Government of South Australia follows the Westminster system, with a Parliament of South Australia acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the governor of South Australia, and by modern convention holds office by virtue of his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the House of Assembly.
2. George Murray Hulbert, American judge and politician (d. 1950) births
  1. George Murray Hulbert
    
    George Murray Hulbert was a United States representative from New York and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
3. Mary Seacole, Jamaican-English nurse and author (b. 1805) deaths
  1. Mary Seacole
    
    Mary Jane Seacole was a British-Jamaican nurse and businesswoman who set up the "British Hotel" behind the lines during the Crimean War. She described the hotel as "a mess-table and comfortable quarters for sick and convalescent officers", and provided succour for wounded service men on the battlefield, nursing many of them back to health. Coming from a tradition of Jamaican and West African "doctresses", Seacole displayed "compassion, skills and bravery while nursing soldiers during the Crimean War", through the use of herbal remedies. She was posthumously awarded the Jamaican Order of Merit in 1991. In 2004, she was voted the greatest black Briton in a survey conducted in 2003 by the black heritage website Every Generation.
1880
1. Wilhelm List, German field marshal (d. 1971) births
  1. Wilhelm List
    
    Wilhelm List was a German field marshal during World War II who was convicted of war crimes by a US Army tribunal after the war. List commanded the 14th Army in the invasion of Poland and the 12th Army in the invasions of France, Yugoslavia and Greece. In 1941 he commanded the German forces in Southeast Europe responsible for the occupation of Greece and Yugoslavia. In July 1942 during Case Blue, the German summer offensive in Southern Russia, he was appointed commander of Army Group A, responsible for the main thrust towards the Caucasus and Baku.
1879
1. Fred Englehardt, American jumper (d. 1942) births
  1. Fred Englehardt
    
    Frederick William Englehardt was an American athlete who competed mainly in the long jump and triple jump. He competed for the United States in the 1904 Summer Olympics held in St Louis, United States in the triple jump where he won the silver medal. He was also 4th in the long jump.
1878
1. J. L. Wilkinson, American baseball player and manager (d. 1964) births
  1. J. L. Wilkinson
    
    James Leslie Wilkinson was an American sports executive who founded the All Nations baseball club in 1912, and the Negro league baseball team Kansas City Monarchs in 1920.
2. Ōkubo Toshimichi, Japanese samurai and politician (b. 1830) deaths
  1. Ōkubo Toshimichi
    
    Ōkubo Toshimichi was a Japanese statesman and one of the Three Great Nobles regarded as the main founders of modern Japan.
1873
1. Gideon Brecher, Austrian physician and author (b. 1797) deaths
  1. Gideon Brecher
    
    Gideon Brecher, also known by the pen name Gedaliah ben Eliezer (Hebrew: גדליה בן אליעזר, was an Austrian writer and physician. He was a central figure in the Moravian Haskalah.
1872
1. Elia Dalla Costa, Italian cardinal (d. 1961) births
  1. Elia Dalla Costa
    
    Elia Dalla Costa was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate and cardinal who served as the Archbishop of Florence from 1931 until his death. Dalla Costa served as the Bishop of Padua from 1923 until 1931 when he was transferred to Florence; he was elevated to the cardinalate on 13 March 1933. Dalla Costa was a staunch anti-fascist and anti-communist and was known best for providing refuge for Jewish people during World War II and providing others with fake documentation to flee from persecution.
1869
1. Arthur Rostron, English captain (d. 1940) births
  1. Arthur Rostron
    
    Sir Arthur Henry Rostron, KBE, RD, RNR was a British merchant seaman and a seagoing officer for the Cunard Line. He is best remembered as the captain of the ocean liner RMS Carpathia when it rescued hundreds of survivors from the RMS Titanic after the latter ship sank in 1912 in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean.
1868
1. Magnus Hirschfeld, German physician and sexologist (d. 1935) births
  1. Magnus Hirschfeld
    
    Magnus Hirschfeld was a German physician and sexologist.
1867
1. Kurt Eisner, German journalist and politician, Prime Minister of Bavaria (d. 1919) births
  1. Kurt Eisner
    
    Kurt Eisner was a German politician, revolutionary, journalist, and theatre critic. As a socialist journalist, he organized the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918, which led to his being described as "the symbol of the Bavarian revolution". He is used as an example of charismatic authority by Max Weber. Eisner subsequently proclaimed the People's State of Bavaria but was assassinated by far-right German nationalist Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley in Munich on 21 February 1919.
  2. List of ministers-president of Bavaria
    
    Below is a list of the men who have served in the capacity of Minister-President or equivalent office in the German state of Bavaria from the 17th century to the present.
1863
1. John Charles Fields, Canadian mathematician, founder of the Fields Medal (d. 1932) births
  1. John Charles Fields
    
    John Charles Fields, FRS, FRSC was a Canadian mathematician and the founder of the Fields Medal for outstanding achievement in mathematics.
  2. Fields Medal
    
    The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the International Congress of the International Mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The name of the award honours the Canadian mathematician John Charles Fields.
1860
1. Ludwig Bechstein, German author (b. 1801) deaths
  1. Ludwig Bechstein
    
    Ludwig Bechstein was a German writer and collector of folk fairy tales.
1852
1. Henri Julien, Canadian illustrator (d. 1908) births
  1. Henri Julien
    
    Henri Julien, baptised Octave-Henri Julien, was a Canadian artist and cartoonist noted for his work for the Canadian Illustrated News and for his political cartoons in the Montreal Daily Star. His pseudonyms include Octavo and Crincrin. He was the first full-time newspaper editorial cartoonist in Canada.
1851
1. Anna Laurens Dawes, American author and suffragist (d. 1938) births
  1. Anna Laurens Dawes
    
    Anna Laurens Dawes was an American author and anti-suffragist. She was the daughter of Henry Laurens Dawes, a Republican United States Senator and Representative of Massachusetts.
1847
1. Fanny Mendelssohn, German pianist and composer (b. 1805) deaths
  1. Fanny Mendelssohn
    
    Fanny Mendelssohn was a German composer and pianist of the early Romantic era who was also known as Fanny (Cäcilie) Mendelssohn Bartholdy and, after her marriage, Fanny Hensel. Her compositions include a piano trio, a piano quartet, an orchestral overture, four cantatas, more than 125 pieces for the piano, and over 250 lieder, most of which went unpublished in her lifetime. Although praised for her piano technique, she rarely gave public performances outside her family circle.
1832
1. Rudolf Lipschitz, German mathematician and academic (d. 1903) births
  1. Rudolf Lipschitz
    
    Rudolf Otto Sigismund Lipschitz was a German mathematician who made contributions to mathematical analysis and differential geometry, as well as number theory, algebras with involution and classical mechanics.
1830
1. Antonio Annetto Caruana, Maltese archaeologist and author (d. 1905) births
  1. Antonio Annetto Caruana
    
    Antonio Annetto Caruana, also known as A. A. Caruana, was a Maltese archaeologist and author.
1820
1. James Martin, Irish-Australian politician, 6th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1886) births
  1. James Martin (premier)
    
    Sir James Martin, QC was three times Premier of New South Wales, and Chief Justice of New South Wales from 1873 to 1886.
  2. Premier of New South Wales
    
    The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with a Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by his or her ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.
1817
1. Alexander Kaufmann, German poet and educator (d. 1893) births
  1. Alexander Kaufmann
    
    Alexander Kaufmann was a German poet and folklorist from Bonn.
1814
1. Charles Beyer, German-English engineer, co-founded Beyer, Peacock & Company (d. 1876) births
  1. Charles Beyer
    
    Charles Frederick Beyer was a celebrated German-British locomotive designer and builder, and co-founder of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. He was the co-founder and head engineer of Beyer, Peacock and Company in Gorton, Manchester. A philanthropist and deeply religious, he founded three parish churches in Gorton, was a governor of The Manchester Grammar School, and remains the single biggest donor to what is today the University of Manchester. He is buried in the graveyard of Llantysilio Church, Llantysilio, Llangollen, Denbighshire North Wales. Llantysilio Church is within the grounds of his former 700 acre Llantysilio Hall estate. His mansion house, built 1872–1874, is nearby.
  2. Beyer, Peacock and Company
    
    Beyer, Peacock and Company was an English railway locomotive manufacturer with a factory in Openshaw, Manchester. Founded by Charles Beyer, Richard Peacock and Henry Robertson, it traded from 1854 until 1966. The company exported locomotives, and machine tools to service them, throughout the world.
1794
1. Fanny Imlay, daughter of British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft (d. 1816) births
  1. Fanny Imlay
    
    Frances Imlay, also known as Fanny Godwin and Frances Wollstonecraft, was the illegitimate daughter of the British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft and the American commercial speculator and diplomat Gilbert Imlay. Wollstonecraft wrote about her frequently in her later works. Fanny grew up in the household of anarchist political philosopher William Godwin, the widower of her mother, with his second wife Mary Jane Clairmont and their combined family of five children. Fanny's half-sister Mary grew up to write Frankenstein and married Percy Bysshe Shelley, a leading Romantic poet, who composed a poem on Fanny's death.
  2. Mary Wollstonecraft
    
    Mary Wollstonecraft was a British writer, philosopher, and advocate of women's rights. Until the late 20th century, Wollstonecraft's life, which encompassed several unconventional personal relationships at the time, received more attention than her writing. Today Wollstonecraft is regarded as one of the founding feminist philosophers, and feminists often cite both her life and her works as important influences.
1781
1. Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer, German historian and academic (d. 1873) births
  1. Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer
    
    Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer was a German historian. He was the first scientific historian to popularise history in German. He travelled extensively and served in German legislative bodies.
1771
1. Robert Owen, Welsh businessman and social reformer (d. 1858) births
  1. Robert Owen
    
    Robert Owen was a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropist and social reformer, and a founder of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. He strove to improve factory working conditions, promoted experimental socialistic communities, and sought a more collective approach to child rearing, including government control of education. He gained wealth in the early 1800s from a textile mill at New Lanark, Scotland. Having trained as a draper in Stamford, Lincolnshire he worked in London before relocating aged 18 to Manchester and textile manufacturing. In 1824, he moved to America and put most of his fortune in an experimental socialistic community at New Harmony, Indiana, as a preliminary for his Utopian society. It lasted about two years. Other Owenite communities also failed, and in 1828 Owen returned to London, where he continued to champion the working class, lead in developing cooperatives and the trade union movement, and support child labour legislation and free co-educational schools.
2. Thomas Wedgwood, English photographer (d. 1805) births
  1. Thomas Wedgwood (photographer)
    
    Thomas Wedgwood was an English photographer and inventor. He is most widely known as an early experimenter in the field of photography.
1761
1. Samuel Dexter, American lawyer and politician, 4th United States Secretary of War, 3rd United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1816) births
  1. Samuel Dexter
    
    Samuel Dexter was an early American statesman who served both in Congress and in the Presidential Cabinets of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
  2. United States Secretary of War
    
    The secretary of war was a member of the U.S. president's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War", had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789. Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position. When Washington was inaugurated as the first President under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving as Secretary of War.
  3. United States Secretary of the Treasury
    
    The United States secretary of the treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, and is the chief financial officer of the federal government of the United States. The secretary of the treasury serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all matters pertaining to economic and fiscal policy. The secretary is a statutory member of the Cabinet of the United States, and is fifth in the presidential line of succession.
2. Thomas Simpson, English mathematician and academic (b. 1710) deaths
  1. Thomas Simpson
    
    Thomas Simpson FRS was a British mathematician and inventor known for the eponymous Simpson's rule to approximate definite integrals. The attribution, as often in mathematics, can be debated: this rule had been found 100 years earlier by Johannes Kepler, and in German it is called Keplersche Fassregel.
1754
1. Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée, French playwright and producer (b. 1692) deaths
  1. Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée
    
    Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée was a French dramatist who blurred the lines between comedy and tragedy with his comédie larmoyante.
1752
1. Timothy Dwight IV, American minister, theologian, and academic (d. 1817) births
  1. Timothy Dwight IV
    
    Timothy Dwight was an American academic and educator, a Congregationalist minister, theologian, and author. He was the eighth president of Yale College (1795–1817).
2. Albrecht Thaer, German agronomist and author (d. 1828) births
  1. Albrecht Thaer
    
    Albrecht Daniel Thaer was a German agronomist and a supporter of the humus theory for plant nutrition.
1737
1. George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, Irish-English politician and diplomat, Governor of Grenada (d. 1806) births
  1. George McCartney, 1st Earl McCartney
    
    George McCartney, 1st Earl McCartney, also spelt Macartney, was an Anglo-Irish statesman, colonial administrator and diplomat who served as the governor of Grenada, Madras and the British-occupied Cape Colony. He is often remembered for his observation following Britain's victory in the Seven Years' War and subsequent territorial expansion at the Treaty of Paris that Britain now controlled "a vast Empire, on which the sun never sets".
  2. List of colonial governors and administrators of Grenada
    
    This is a list of Viceroys of Grenada from the establishment of French rule in 1649 until its independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. Following independence, the viceroy of Grenada ceased to represent the British monarch and British government, and ceased to be a British person, instead the new vice regal office, renamed to Governor-General of Grenada represented the Monarch of Grenada, and the person holding the office must be a Grenadian citizen.
1727
1. Thomas Gainsborough, English painter (d. 1788) births
  1. Thomas Gainsborough
    
    Thomas Gainsborough was an English portrait and landscape painter, draughtsman, and printmaker. Along with his rival Sir Joshua Reynolds, he is considered one of the most important British artists of the second half of the 18th century. He painted quickly, and the works of his maturity are characterised by a light palette and easy strokes. Despite being a prolific portrait painter, Gainsborough gained greater satisfaction from his landscapes. He is credited as the originator of the 18th-century British landscape school. Gainsborough was a founding member of the Royal Academy.
1725
1. Ludovico Manin, the last Doge of Venice (d. 1802) births
  1. Ludovico Manin
    
    Ludovico Giovanni Manin was a Venetian politician, patrician, and the 120th and last Doge of Venice. He governed the Venetian Republic from 9 March 1789 until its fall in 1797, when he was forced to abdicate by Napoleon Bonaparte.
  2. Doge of Venice
    
    The Doge of Venice, sometimes translated as Duke, was the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice between 726 and 1797.
1710
1. Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden (d. 1771) births
  1. Adolf Frederick of Sweden
    
    Adolf Frederick, or Adolph Frederick was King of Sweden from 1751 until his death. He was the son of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin, and Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach. He was an uncle of Catherine the Great
1701
1. William Emerson, English mathematician and academic (d. 1782) births
  1. William Emerson (mathematician)
    
    William Emerson was an English mathematician. He was born in Hurworth, near Darlington, where his father, Dudley Emerson, also a mathematician, taught a school.
1699
1. Hans Joachim von Zieten, Prussian general (d. 1786) births
  1. Hans Joachim von Zieten
    
    Hans Joachim von Zieten, sometimes spelled Johann Joachim von Ziethen,, also known as Zieten aus dem Busch, was a cavalry general in the Prussian Army. He served in four wars and was instrumental in several victories during the reign of Frederick the Great, most particularly at Hohenfriedberg and Torgau. He is also well known for a raid into the Habsburg territories during the Second Silesian War, known as Zieten's Ride. After engaging in a reputed 74 duels, and fighting in four wars, he died in his bed at the age of 86.
1688
1. Antoine Furetière, French scholar, lexicographer, and author (b. 1619) deaths
  1. Antoine Furetière
    
    Antoine Furetière was a French scholar, writer, and lexicographer, known best for his satirical novel Scarron's City Romance. He was expelled from the Académie Française for seeking to publish his own French language dictionary.
1679
1. Peder Horrebow, Danish astronomer and mathematician (d. 1764) births
  1. Peder Horrebow
    
    Peder [Nielsen] Horrebow (Horrebov) was a Danish astronomer. Born in Løgstør, Jutland to a poor family of fishermen, Horrebow entered the University of Copenhagen in 1703. He worked his way through grammar school and university by virtue of his technical knowledge: he repaired mechanical and musical instruments and cut seals. He received his MA from the university in 1716, and his MD in 1725. From 1703 to 1707, he served as an assistant to Ole Rømer and lived in Rømer's home. He worked as a household tutor from 1707 to 1711 to a Danish baron, and entered the governmental bureaucracy as an excise writer in 1711.
1667
1. Georges de Scudéry, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1601) deaths
  1. Georges de Scudéry
    
    Georges de Scudéry, the elder brother of Madeleine de Scudéry, was a French novelist, dramatist and poet.
1666
1. Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia (d. 1732) births
  1. Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
    
    Victor Amadeus II was Duke of Savoy from 1675 to 1730. He also held the titles of Prince of Piedmont, Duke of Montferrat, Marquis of Saluzzo and Count of Aosta, Moriana and Nice.
1657
1. Sambhaji, Indian emperor (d. 1689) births
  1. Sambhaji
    
    Sambhaji Bhosale was the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire, ruling from 1681 to 1689. He was the eldest son of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Empire. Sambhaji's rule was largely shaped by the ongoing wars between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire, as well as other neighbouring powers such as the Siddis, Mysore and the Portuguese in Goa. After Sambhaji's death, his brother Rajaram I succeeded him as the next Chhatrapati.
1652
1. Johann Philipp Förtsch, German composer (d. 1732) births
  1. Johann Philipp Förtsch
    
    Johann Philipp Förtsch was a German baroque composer, statesman and doctor.
1649
1. Friedrich Spanheim, Swiss theologian and academic (b. 1600) deaths
  1. Friedrich Spanheim
    
    Friedrich Spanheim the elder was a Calvinistic theology professor at the University of Leiden.
1643
1. Louis XIII of France (b. 1601) deaths
  1. Louis XIII
    
    Louis XIII was King of France from 1610 until his death in 1643 and King of Navarre from 1610 to 1620, when the crown of Navarre was merged with the French crown.
1630
1. Katakura Kagenaga, Japanese samurai (d. 1681) births
  1. Katakura Kagenaga (2nd)
    
    Katakura Kagenaga was a Japanese samurai of the early Edo period, who served as a senior retainer of the Date clan of Sendai han. His childhood name was Sannosueke (三之助) later changed to Kojūrō. He bore the same name as his great-grandfather. The lord of Shiroishi Castle, Kagenaga was the third bearer of the common name Kojūrō. During the Date incident, he was a caretaker for the young daimyō, Kamechiyo. Upon receiving news of the actions of Harada Munesuke, Kagenaga immediately brought the domain to emergency footing, restraining any disorder from breaking out and saving the Sendai domain from the danger of being attaindered. However, as he was sickly, he resigned his post immediately following the incident's resolution.
1610
1. Henry IV of France (b. 1553) deaths
  1. Henry IV of France
    
    Henry IV, also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac, a Catholic zealot, and was succeeded by his son Louis XIII.
1608
1. Charles III, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1543) deaths
  1. Charles III, Duke of Lorraine
    
    Charles III, known as the Great, was Duke of Lorraine from 1545 until his death.
1603
1. Magnus II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1543) deaths
  1. Magnus II, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg
    
    Magnus II of Saxe-Lauenburg was the eldest surviving son of Duke Francis I of Saxe-Lauenburg and Sybille of Saxe-Freiberg, daughter of Duke Henry IV the Pious. In 1571 Magnus II ascended the throne after his father Francis I resigned due to indebtedness. Two years later Francis I, helped by his other son Francis (II), deposed Magnus II and re-ascended. Magnus' violent and judicial attempts to regain the duchy failed. In 1588 he was imprisoned for the remainder of his life.
1592
1. Alice Barnham, wife of statesman Francis Bacon (d. 1650) births
  1. Alice Barnham
    
    Alice Barnham, Viscountess St Albans was the wife of English scientific philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon.
  2. Francis Bacon
    
    Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban , also known as Lord Verulam, was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. Bacon led the advancement of both natural philosophy and the scientific method and his works remained influential even in the late stages of the Scientific Revolution.
1576
1. Tahmasp I, Shah of Persia (b. 1514) deaths
  1. Tahmasp I
    
    Tahmasp I was the second shah of Safavid Iran from 1524 to 1576. He was the eldest son of Ismail I and his principal consort, Tajlu Khanum. Ascending the throne after the death of his father on 23 May 1524, the first years of Tahmasp's reign were marked by civil wars between the Qizilbash leaders until 1532, when he asserted his authority and began an absolute monarchy. He soon faced a long-lasting war with the Ottoman Empire, which was divided into three phases. The Ottoman sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent, tried to install his own candidates on the Safavid throne. The war ended with the Peace of Amasya in 1555, with the Ottomans gaining sovereignty over Iraq, much of Kurdistan, and western Georgia. Tahmasp also had conflicts with the Uzbeks of Bukhara over Khorasan, with them repeatedly raiding Herat. In 1528, at the age of fourteen, he defeated the Uzbeks in the Battle of Jam by using artillery, unknown to the other side.
1574
1. Francesco Rasi, Italian singer-songwriter, theorbo player, and poet (d. 1621) births
  1. Francesco Rasi
    
    Francesco Rasi was an Italian composer, singer (tenor), chitarrone player, and poet.
  2. Theorbo
    
    The theorbo is a plucked string instrument of the lute family, with an extended neck and a second pegbox. Like a lute, a theorbo has a curved-back sound box with a wooden top, typically with a sound hole, and a neck extending out from the soundbox. As with the lute, the player plucks or strums the strings with one hand while "fretting" the strings with the other hand; pressing the strings in different places on the neck produces different pitches (notes), thus enabling the performer to play chords, basslines and melodies.
1553
1. Margaret of Valois, Queen of France (d. 1615) births
  1. Margaret of Valois
    
    Margaret of Valois, popularly known as La Reine Margot, was a French princess of the Valois dynasty who became Queen of Navarre by marriage to Henry III of Navarre and then also Queen of France at her husband's 1589 accession to the latter throne as Henry IV.
1316
1. Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1378) births
  1. Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
    
    Charles IV, also known as Charles of Luxembourg, born Wenceslaus, was the first King of Bohemia to become Holy Roman Emperor. He was a member of the House of Luxembourg from his father's side and the Bohemian House of Přemyslid from his mother's side; he emphasized the latter due to his lifelong affinity for the Bohemian side of his inheritance, and also because his direct ancestors in the Přemyslid line included two saints.
1219
1. William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, English soldier and politician (b. 1147) deaths
  1. William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
    
    William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, also called William the Marshal, was an Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman. He served five English kings—Henry II, his sons the "Young King" Henry, Richard I, and John, and finally John's son Henry III.
1080
1. William Walcher, Bishop of Durham deaths
  1. William Walcher
    
    William Walcher was the bishop of Durham from 1071, a Lotharingian and the first Prince-bishop. He was the first non-Englishman to hold that see and an appointee of William the Conqueror following the Harrying of the North. He was murdered in 1080, which led William to send an army into Northumbria to harry the region again.
  2. Bishop of Durham
    
    The Bishop of Durham is the Anglican bishop responsible for the Diocese of Durham in the Province of York. The diocese is one of the oldest in England and its bishop is a member of the House of Lords. Paul Butler has been the Bishop of Durham since his election was confirmed at York Minster on 20 January 2014. The previous bishop was Justin Welby, now Archbishop of Canterbury. The bishop is one of two who escort the sovereign at the coronation.
964
1. Pope John XII (b. 927) deaths
  1. Pope John XII
    
    Pope John XII, born Octavian, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 16 December 955 to his death in 964. He was related to the counts of Tusculum, a powerful Roman family which had dominated papal politics for over half a century. He became pope in his late teenage years or early twenties. In 960, he clashed with the Lombards to the south. Unable to control Rome easily, he sought help from King Otto I of Germany and crowned him emperor. John XII's pontificate became infamous for the alleged depravity and worldliness with which he conducted his office. He soon fell out with Otto, but died before Otto succeeded in his attempt to depose him.
934
1. Zhu Hongzhao, Chinese general and governor deaths
  1. Zhu Hongzhao
    
    Zhu Hongzhao was a general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Later Tang. He was a close associate of its second emperor. Li Siyuan, and became particularly powerful during the short reign of Li Siyuan's son and successor Li Conghou while serving as chief of staff (Shumishi). Traditionally, he and fellow chief of staff Feng Yun were blamed for making inappropriate sensitive personnel movements that caused Li Conghou's adoptive brother Li Congke to be fearful and rebel, eventually leading to Li Conghou's being overthrown and Zhu's own death.
649
1. Pope Theodore I deaths
  1. Pope Theodore I
    
    Pope Theodore I was the bishop of Rome from 24 November 642 to his death. His pontificate was dominated by the struggle with Monothelitism.

Holidays

Christian feast day: Boniface of Tarsus
1. Boniface of Tarsus
  
  Saint Boniface of Tarsus was, according to legend, executed for being a Christian in the year 307 at Tarsus, where he had gone from Rome in order to bring back to his mistress Aglaida relics of the martyrs.
Christian feast day: Engelmund of Velsen
1. Engelmund of Velsen
  
  Saint Engelmund of Velsen was an English-born missionary to Frisia. He was educated in his native country and entered the Benedictine Order. He was ordained a priest and later became an abbot.
Christian feast day: Matthias the Apostle (Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Communion)
1. Matthias the Apostle
  
  Matthias was, according to the Acts of the Apostles, chosen by the apostles to replace Judas Iscariot following the latter's betrayal of Jesus and his subsequent death. His calling as an apostle is unique, in that his appointment was not made personally by Jesus, who had already ascended into heaven, and it was also made before the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the early Church.
2. Catholic Church
  
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
3. Anglican Communion
  
  The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Founded in 1867 in London, the communion has more than 85 million members within the Church of England and other autocephalous national and regional churches in full communion. The traditional origins of Anglican doctrine are summarised in the Thirty-nine Articles (1571). The Archbishop of Canterbury in England acts as a focus of unity, recognised as primus inter parescode: lat promoted to code: la , but does not exercise authority in Anglican provinces outside of the Church of England. Most, but not all, member churches of the communion are the historic national or regional Anglican churches.
Christian feast day: Michael Garicoïts
1. Michel Garicoïts
  
  Michel Garicoïts was a French Basque Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus of Bétharram. He combated Jansenism in his parish due to the threat that it posed to the faith. He served as a teacher and preacher and was known for his ardent devotion to both the Eucharist and the Sacred Heart.
Christian feast day: Mo Chutu of Lismore (Roman Catholic Church)
1. Mo Chutu of Lismore
  
  Saint Mo Chutu mac Fínaill, also known as Mochuda, Carthach or Carthach the Younger, was abbot of Rahan, County Offaly and subsequently, founder and first abbot of Lismore, County Waterford. The saint's Life has come down in several Irish and Latin recensions, which appear to derive from a Latin original written in the 11th or 12th century.
2. Catholic Church
  
  The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
Christian feast day: Victor and Corona
1. Victor and Corona
  
  Saints Victor and Corona are two Christian martyrs. Victor was a Roman soldier who was tortured and killed; Corona was killed for comforting him. Corona is invoked as a patron of causes involving money; she was not historically associated with pandemics or disease, but has been invoked against the coronavirus pandemic.
Christian feast day: May 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
1. May 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  
  May 13 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - May 15
Earliest day on which the first day of Sanja Matsuri can fall, while May 21 is the latest; celebrated on the third weekend of May. (Sensō-ji, Tokyo)
1. Sanja Matsuri
  
  Sanja Matsuri , or Sanja Festival, is one of the three largest Shinto festivals in Tokyo. It is considered one of the wildest and largest. The festival is held in honor of Hinokuma Hamanari, Hinokuma Takenari, and Hajino Nakatomo, the three men who established and founded the Sensō-ji Buddhist temple. Sanja Matsuri is held on the third weekend of every May at Asakusa Shrine. Its prominent parades revolve around three mikoshi, as well as traditional music and dancing. Over the course of three days, the festival attracts 1.5 to 2 million locals and tourists every year.
2. Sensō-ji
  
  Sensō-ji is an ancient Buddhist temple located in Asakusa, Tokyo, Japan. It is Tokyo's oldest temple, and one of its most significant. Formerly associated with the Tendai sect of Buddhism, it became independent after World War II. It is dedicated to Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion, and is the most widely visited spiritual site in the world with over 30 million visitors annually. Adjacent to the temple is a five-story pagoda, the Asakusa Shinto shrine, as well as many shops with traditional goods in the Nakamise-dōri.
Flag Day (Paraguay)
1. Flag Day
  
  A flag day is a flag-related holiday, a day designated for flying a certain flag or a day set aside to celebrate a historical event such as a nation's adoption of its flag.
2. Paraguay
  
  Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. It has a population of seven million, nearly three million of whom live in the capital and largest city of Asunción, and its surrounding metro. Although one of only two landlocked countries in South America, Paraguay has ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean, through the Paraná-Paraguay Waterway.
Hastings Banda's Birthday (Malawi)
1. Public holidays in Malawi
  
  This is a list of public holidays in Malawi.
2. Malawi
  
  Malawi, officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast, and Mozambique to the east, south and southwest. Malawi spans over 118,484 km2 (45,747 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 19,431,566. Malawi's capital is Lilongwe. Its second-largest is Blantyre, its third-largest is Mzuzu and its fourth-largest is its former capital, Zomba. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name for the Chewa people who inhabit the area. The country is nicknamed "The Warm Heart of Africa" because of the friendliness of its people.
National Unification Day (Liberia)
1. Public holidays in Liberia
  
  The following are public holidays in Liberia.
2. Liberia
  
  Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south and southwest. It has a population of around 5 million and covers an area of 43,000 square miles (111,369 km2). English is the official language, but over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, reflecting the country's ethnic and cultural diversity. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia.
The first day of Izumo-taisha Shrine Grand Festival. (Izumo-taisha)
1. Izumo-taisha
  
  Izumo-taisha , officially Izumo Ōyashiro, is one of the most ancient and important Shinto shrines in Japan. No record gives the date of establishment. Located in Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, it is home to two major festivals. It is dedicated to the god Ōkuninushi , famous as the Shinto deity of marriage and to Kotoamatsukami, distinguishing heavenly kami. The shrine is believed by many to be the oldest Shinto shrine in Japan, even predating the Ise Grand Shrine.

Important events in history on May 14 th

Events

2022 Buffalo shooting

Buffalo, New York

2012 Agni Air Dornier 228 crash

Space Shuttle Atlantis

STS-132

International Space Station

Rassvet (ISS module)

STS-135

2008 UEFA Cup Final

2008 UEFA Cup Final riots

Football hooliganism

Greater Manchester Police

2008 UEFA Cup Final riots

Manchester city centre

FC Zenit Saint Petersburg

Rangers F.C.

Greater Manchester Police

Constitutional Court of Korea

Roh Moo-hyun

Rico Linhas Aéreas Flight 4815

Amazon rainforest

Eduardo Gomes International Airport

Manaus

Brazil

Carrollton bus collision

Interstate 71

Carrollton, Kentucky

Salvadoran Civil War

Sumpul River

Sumpul River massacre

Salvadoran Civil War

Sumpul River massacre

Chalatenango, El Salvador

Dan-Air

Boeing 707

IAS Cargo Airlines

1977 Dan-Air Boeing 707 crash

Kenneth Kaunda International Airport

Lusaka

Zambia

NASA

Skylab

Kennedy Space Center

Cape Canaveral

Skylab

Red Army Faction

Civil rights movement

Freedom Riders

Anniston, Alabama

Molotov cocktail

Cold War

Warsaw Pact

Milwaukee

Walkout

1953 Milwaukee brewery strike

Talyllyn Railway

Wales

Heritage railway

Talyllyn Railway

David Ben-Gurion

Israeli Declaration of Independence

Independence Hall (Israel)

Tel Aviv

British Mandate of Palestine

Israeli Declaration of Independence

1948 Arab–Israeli War

World War II

AHS Centaur

Queensland

AHS Centaur

Queensland

World War II

Wehrmacht

German invasion of the Netherlands

World War II

Rotterdam

Netherlands

German bombing of Rotterdam

Important events in history
on May 14 ^th