Important events in history
on June 29 ^th

Events

2014
1. The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant self-declares its caliphate in Syria and northern Iraq.
  1. Islamic State
    
    The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a militant Islamist group and former unrecognized quasi-state that follows the Salafi jihadist branch of Sunni Islam. It was founded by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in 1999 and gained global prominence in 2014, when it drove Iraqi security forces out of key cities during the Anbar campaign, which was followed by its capture of Mosul and the Sinjar massacre.
2012
1. A derecho sweeps across the eastern United States, leaving at least 22 people dead and millions without power.
  1. Derecho
    
    A derecho is a widespread, long-lived, straight-line wind storm that is associated with a fast-moving group of severe thunderstorms known as a mesoscale convective system.
  2. June 2012 North American derecho
    
    The June 2012 Mid-Atlantic and Midwest derecho was one of the deadliest and most destructive fast-moving severe thunderstorm complexes in North American history. The progressive derecho tracked across a large section of the Midwestern United States and across the central Appalachians into the mid-Atlantic states on the afternoon and evening of June 29, 2012, and into the early morning of June 30, 2012. It resulted in a total of 22 deaths, millions of power outages across the entire affected region, and a damage total of US$2.9 billion which exceeded that of all other derecho events aside from the August 2020 Midwest derecho. The storm prompted the issuance of four separate severe thunderstorm watches by the Storm Prediction Center. A second storm in the late afternoon caused another watch to be issued across Iowa and Illinois.
2007
1. Apple Inc. releases its first mobile phone, the iPhone.
  1. Apple Inc.
    
    Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, United States. Apple is the largest technology company by revenue and, as of June 2022, is the world's biggest company by market capitalization, the fourth-largest personal computer vendor by unit sales and second-largest mobile phone manufacturer. It is one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet, Amazon, Meta, and Microsoft.
  2. IPhone
    
    The iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. These devices use Apple's iOS mobile operating system. The first-generation iPhone was announced by then-Apple CEO Steve Jobs on January 9, 2007. Since then, Apple has annually released new iPhone models and iOS updates. As of November 1, 2018, more than 2.2 billion iPhones had been sold. As of 2022, the iPhone accounts for 15.6% of global smartphone market share.
2006
1. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that President George W. Bush's plan to try Guantanamo Bay detainees in military tribunals violates U.S. and international law.
  1. Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
    
    Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 548 U.S. 557 (2006), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that military commissions set up by the Bush administration to try detainees at Guantanamo Bay violated both the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) and the Geneva Conventions ratified by the U.S.
  2. Supreme Court of the United States
    
    The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The court may decide cases having political overtones, but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions.
  3. George W. Bush
    
    George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, Bush family, and son of the 41st president George H. W. Bush, he previously served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.
  4. Guantanamo Bay detention camp
    
    The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo, GTMO, and Gitmo, on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba. Of the roughly 780 people detained there since January 2002 when the military prison first opened after the September 11 attacks, 735 have been transferred elsewhere, 35 remain there, and 9 have died while in custody.
  5. International law
    
    International law is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war, diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. Scholars distinguish between international legal institutions on the basis of their obligations, precision, and delegation.
2002
1. Naval clashes between South Korea and North Korea lead to the death of six South Korean sailors and sinking of a North Korean vessel.
  1. Battle of Yeongpyeong (2002)
    
    The Battle of Yeongpyeong was a confrontation at sea between North Korean and South Korean patrol boats along a disputed maritime boundary near Yeonpyeong Island in the Yellow Sea in 2002. This followed a similar confrontation in 1999. Two North Korean patrol boats crossed the contested border and engaged two South Korean Chamsuri-class patrol boats. The North Koreans withdrew before South Korean reinforcements arrived.
  2. North Korea
    
    North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north, at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone. North Korea's border with South Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city.
1995
1. Atlantis became the first U.S. Space Shuttle to dock with the Russian space station Mir as part of the Shuttle–Mir program.
  1. Space Shuttle Atlantis
    
    Space Shuttle Atlantis is a Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle which belongs to NASA, the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States. Atlantis was manufactured by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida on April 1985. Atlantis is also the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built. Its maiden flight was STS-51-J made from October 3 to 7, 1985.
  2. Space Shuttle
    
    The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft where it was the only item funded for development. The first (STS-1) of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights (STS-5) beginning in 1982. Five complete Space Shuttle orbiter vehicles were built and flown on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), conducted science experiments in orbit, participated in the Shuttle-Mir program with Russia, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). The Space Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1,323 days.
  3. Mir
    
    Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. At the time it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit, succeeded by the International Space Station (ISS) after Mir's orbit decayed. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.
  4. Shuttle–Mir program
    
    The Shuttle–Mir program was a collaborative 11-mission space program between Russia and the United States that involved American Space Shuttles visiting the Russian space station Mir, Russian cosmonauts flying on the Shuttle, and an American astronaut flying aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to engage in long-duration expeditions aboard Mir.
2. Space Shuttle program: STS-71 Mission (Atlantis) docks with the Russian space station Mir for the first time.
  1. Space Shuttle program
    
    The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished routine transportation for Earth-to-orbit crew and cargo from 1981 to 2011. Its official name, Space Transportation System (STS), was taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. It flew 135 missions and carried 355 astronauts from 16 countries, many on multiple trips.
  2. STS-71
    
    STS-71 was the third mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program and the first Space Shuttle docking to Russian space station Mir. It started on June 27, 1995, with the launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis from launchpad 39A at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The Shuttle delivered a relief crew of two cosmonauts Anatoly Solovyev and Nikolai Budarin to the station and recovered Increment astronaut Norman Thagard. Atlantis returned to Earth on July 7 with a crew of eight. It was the first of seven straight missions to Mir flown by Atlantis, and the second Shuttle mission to land with an eight-person crew after STS-61-A in 1985.
  3. Space Shuttle Atlantis
    
    Space Shuttle Atlantis is a Space Shuttle orbiter vehicle which belongs to NASA, the spaceflight and space exploration agency of the United States. Atlantis was manufactured by the Rockwell International company in Southern California and was delivered to the Kennedy Space Center in Eastern Florida on April 1985. Atlantis is also the fourth operational and the second-to-last Space Shuttle built. Its maiden flight was STS-51-J made from October 3 to 7, 1985.
  4. Mir
    
    Mir was a space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, operated by the Soviet Union and later by Russia. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. At the time it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit, succeeded by the International Space Station (ISS) after Mir's orbit decayed. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and spacecraft systems with a goal of developing technologies required for permanent occupation of space.
3. The Sampoong Department Store collapses in the Seocho District of Seoul, South Korea, killing 501 and injuring 937.
  1. Sampoong Department Store collapse
    
    On June 29, 1995, the Sampoong Department Store in Seoul, South Korea, collapsed due to a structural failure. The collapse killed 502 people and injured 937, making it the largest peacetime disaster in South Korean history. It was the deadliest non-deliberate modern building collapse until the 2013 Rana Plaza factory collapse in Bangladesh.
  2. Seocho District
    
    Seocho District (Korean: 서초구) is one of the 25 gu which make up the city of Seoul, South Korea. Seocho is generally referred to as a part of Greater Gangnam Area, along with Gangnam District. As of 2022, Seocho District ranks as the richest neighborhood in South Korea and among the most expensive areas in Seoul with an average sales price of 47.75 million South Korean won per 3.3 square meters. South Korea's rich are concentrated in the three Gangnam districts including Seocho, known as Gangnam School District Eight(강남 8학군).
  3. Seoul
    
    Seoul, officially known as the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. According to the 2020 census, Seoul has a population of 9.9 million people, and forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area with the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province. Considered to be a global city and rated as an Alpha – City by Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC), Seoul was the world's fourth largest metropolitan economy in 2014, following Tokyo, New York City and Los Angeles.
1987
1. Vincent van Gogh's painting, the Le Pont de Trinquetaille, is bought for $20.4 million at an auction in London, England.
  1. Vincent van Gogh
    
    Vincent Willem van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who posthumously became one of the most famous and influential figures in Western art history. In a decade, he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of which date from the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. Not commercially successful, he struggled with severe depression and poverty, eventually leading to his suicide at age thirty-seven.
  2. London
    
    London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a 50-mile (80 km) estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a major settlement for two millennia. The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries. The City of Westminster, to the west of the City of London, has for centuries hosted the national government and parliament. Since the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between the counties of Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which largely comprises Greater London, governed by the Greater London Authority.
1976
1. The Seychelles become independent from the United Kingdom.
  1. Seychelles
    
    Seychelles, officially the Republic of Seychelles, is an archipelagic country consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, is 1,500 kilometres east of mainland Africa. Nearby island countries and territories include the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and the French overseas regions of Mayotte and Réunion to the south; and Maldives and the Chagos Archipelago to the east. It is the least populated sovereign African country, with an estimated 2020 population of 98,462.
2. The Conference of Communist and Workers Parties of Europe convenes in East Berlin.
  1. 1976 Conference of Communist and Workers Parties of Europe
    
    The Conference of Communist and Workers Parties of Europe was an international meeting of communist parties, held in the city of East Berlin, capital of the communist-governed East Germany, on 29–30 June 1976. In all, 29 parties from all Europe participated in the conference.
  2. East Berlin
    
    East Berlin was the de facto capital city of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 to 1990. Formally, it was the Soviet sector of Berlin, established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors were known as West Berlin. From 13 August 1961 until 9 November 1989, East Berlin was separated from West Berlin by the Berlin Wall. The Western Allied powers did not recognize East Berlin as the GDR's capital, nor the GDR's authority to govern East Berlin. On 3 October 1990, the day Germany was officially reunified, East and West Berlin formally reunited as the city of Berlin.
1974
1. Vice President Isabel Perón assumes powers and duties as Acting President of Argentina, while her husband President Juan Perón is terminally ill.
  1. Isabel Perón
    
    Isabel Martínez de Perón, also known as Isabelita, is an Argentine politician who served as President of Argentina from 1974 to 1976. She was one of the first female republican heads of state in the world, and the first woman to serve as president of a country.
  2. President of Argentina
    
    The president of Argentina, officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation, is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under the national constitution, the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
  3. Juan Perón
    
    Juan Domingo Perón was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected President of Argentina three times, serving from June 1946 to September 1955, when he was overthrown by the Revolución Libertadora, and then from October 1973 until his death in July 1974.
2. Mikhail Baryshnikov defects from the Soviet Union to Canada while on tour with the Kirov Ballet.
  1. Mikhail Baryshnikov
    
    Mikhail Nikolayevich Baryshnikov is a Soviet Latvian-born Russian-American dancer, choreographer, and actor. He was the preeminent male classical dancer of the 1970s and 1980s. He subsequently became a noted dance director.
  2. Soviet Union
    
    The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.
  3. Mariinsky Ballet
    
    The Mariinsky Ballet is the resident classical ballet company of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
1972
1. The United States Supreme Court rules in the case Furman v. Georgia that arbitrary and inconsistent imposition of the death penalty violates the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments and constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.
  1. Supreme Court of the United States
    
    The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point of federal law. It also has original jurisdiction over a narrow range of cases, specifically "all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party." The court holds the power of judicial review, the ability to invalidate a statute for violating a provision of the Constitution. It is also able to strike down presidential directives for violating either the Constitution or statutory law. However, it may act only within the context of a case in an area of law over which it has jurisdiction. The court may decide cases having political overtones, but has ruled that it does not have power to decide non-justiciable political questions.
  2. Furman v. Georgia
    
    Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (1972), was a landmark criminal case in which the United States Supreme Court invalidated all then existing legal constructions for the death penalty in the United States. It was 5–4 decision, with each member of the majority writing a separate opinion. Following Furman, in order to reinstate the death penalty, states had to at least remove arbitrary and discriminatory effects in order to satisfy the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
  3. Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution
    
    The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution protects against imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishments. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the United States Bill of Rights. The amendment serves as a limitation upon the federal government to impose unduly harsh penalties on criminal defendants before and after a conviction. This limitation applies equally to the price for obtaining pretrial release and the punishment for crime after conviction. The phrases in this amendment originated in the English Bill of Rights of 1689.
  4. Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
    
    The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments. Often considered as one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. The amendment was bitterly contested, particularly by the states of the defeated Confederacy, which were forced to ratify it in order to regain representation in Congress. The amendment, particularly its first section, is one of the most litigated parts of the Constitution, forming the basis for landmark Supreme Court decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954) regarding racial segregation, Roe v. Wade (1973) regarding abortion, Bush v. Gore (2000) regarding the 2000 presidential election, and Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) regarding same-sex marriage. The amendment limits the actions of all state and local officials, and also those acting on behalf of such officials.
2. A Convair CV-580 and De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter collide above Lake Winnebago near Appleton, Wisconsin, killing 13.
  1. Convair CV-240 family
    
    The Convair CV-240 is an American airliner that Convair manufactured from 1947 to 1954, initially as a possible replacement for the ubiquitous Douglas DC-3. Featuring a more modern design with cabin pressurization, the 240 series made some inroads as a commercial airliner, and had a long development cycle that produced various civil and military variants. Though reduced in numbers by attrition, various forms of the "Convairliners" continue to fly in the 21st century.
  2. De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
    
    The de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter is a Canadian STOL utility aircraft developed by de Havilland Canada, which produced the aircraft from 1965 to 1988; Viking Air purchased the type certificate, then restarted production in 2008 before re-adopting the DHC name in 2022. The aircraft's fixed tricycle undercarriage, STOL capabilities, twin turboprop engines and high rate of climb have made it a successful commuter airliner, typically seating 18-20 passengers, as well as a cargo and medical evacuation aircraft. In addition, the Twin Otter has been popular with commercial skydiving operations, and is used by the United States Army Parachute Team and the United States Air Force's 98th Flying Training Squadron.
  3. 1972 Lake Winnebago mid-air collision
    
    On June 29, 1972, North Central Airlines Flight 290 collided in mid-air with Air Wisconsin Flight 671 over Lake Winnebago near Appleton, Wisconsin, in the United States. Both aircraft crashed into the lake, killing all 13 people on board.
  4. Lake Winnebago
    
    Lake Winnebago is a shallow freshwater lake in the north central United States, located in east central Wisconsin. At 137,700 acres it is the largest lake entirely within the state, covering an area of about 30 miles by 10 miles, with 88 miles of shoreline, an average depth of 15.5 feet, and a maximum depth of 21 feet. It has many shallow reefs along the west shore, and a drop-off type shoreline on the east. There are several islands along the west shore.
  5. Appleton, Wisconsin
    
    Appleton is a city in Outagamie, Calumet, and Winnebago counties in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. One of the Fox Cities, it is situated on the Fox River, 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Green Bay and 100 miles (160 km) north of Milwaukee. Appleton is the county seat of Outagamie County. As of the 2020 Census it had a population of 75,644, making it the sixth largest city in Wisconsin. Appleton is a part of the Fox Cities metropolitan area, the third largest in the state behind Milwaukee and Madison.
1971
1. The Soyuz 11 spacecraft experienced uncontrolled decompression during preparations for reentry, killing Soviet cosmonauts Vladislav Volkov, Georgy Dobrovolsky and Viktor Patsayev—the only human deaths to have occurred in space.
  1. Soyuz 11
    
    Soyuz 11 was the only crewed mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1. The crew, Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev, arrived at the space station on 7 June 1971, and departed on 29 June 1971. The mission ended in disaster when the crew capsule depressurised during preparations for re-entry, killing the three-man crew. The three crew members of Soyuz 11 are the only humans to have died in space.
  2. Uncontrolled decompression
    
    Uncontrolled decompression is an unplanned drop in the pressure of a sealed system, such as an aircraft cabin or hyperbaric chamber, and typically results from human error, material fatigue, engineering failure, or impact, causing a pressure vessel to vent into its lower-pressure surroundings or fail to pressurize at all.
  3. Atmospheric entry
    
    Atmospheric entry is the movement of an object from outer space into and through the gases of an atmosphere of a planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite. There are two main types of atmospheric entry: uncontrolled entry, such as the entry of astronomical objects, space debris, or bolides; and controlled entry of a spacecraft capable of being navigated or following a predetermined course. Technologies and procedures allowing the controlled atmospheric entry, descent, and landing of spacecraft are collectively termed as EDL.
  4. Vladislav Volkov
    
    Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. The second mission terminated fatally. Volkov and the two other crew members were asphyxiated on reentry, the only three people to have died in outer space.
  5. Georgy Dobrovolsky
    
    Georgy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the three-man crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft. They became the world's first space station crew aboard Salyut 1, but died of asphyxiation because of an accidentally opened valve. They were the first and only humans to have died in space.
  6. Viktor Patsayev
    
    Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and was part of the third space crew to die during a space flight. On board the space station Salyut 1 he operated the Orion 1 Space Observatory ; he became the first man to operate a telescope outside the Earth's atmosphere.
2. Prior to re-entry (following a record-setting stay aboard the Soviet Union’s Salyut 1 space station), the crew capsule of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft depressurizes, killing the three cosmonauts on board. Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov and Viktor Patsayev are the first humans to die in space.
  1. Soviet Union
    
    The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.
  2. Salyut 1
    
    Salyut 1 (DOS-1) was the world's first space station launched into low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1971. The Salyut program followed this with five more successful launches of seven more stations. The final module of the program, Zvezda (DOS-8), became the core of the Russian segment of the International Space Station and remains in orbit.
  3. Soyuz 11
    
    Soyuz 11 was the only crewed mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1. The crew, Georgy Dobrovolsky, Vladislav Volkov, and Viktor Patsayev, arrived at the space station on 7 June 1971, and departed on 29 June 1971. The mission ended in disaster when the crew capsule depressurised during preparations for re-entry, killing the three-man crew. The three crew members of Soyuz 11 are the only humans to have died in space.
  4. Georgy Dobrovolsky
    
    Georgy Timofeyevich Dobrovolsky was a Soviet cosmonaut who commanded the three-man crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft. They became the world's first space station crew aboard Salyut 1, but died of asphyxiation because of an accidentally opened valve. They were the first and only humans to have died in space.
  5. Vladislav Volkov
    
    Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. The second mission terminated fatally. Volkov and the two other crew members were asphyxiated on reentry, the only three people to have died in outer space.
  6. Viktor Patsayev
    
    Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and was part of the third space crew to die during a space flight. On board the space station Salyut 1 he operated the Orion 1 Space Observatory ; he became the first man to operate a telescope outside the Earth's atmosphere.
1967
1. Actress Jayne Mansfield, her boyfriend Sam Brody, and their driver were killed in a car accident outside of New Orleans, while her children Miklós, Zoltán, and Mariska Hargitay escaped with only minor injuries.
  1. Jayne Mansfield
    
    Jayne Mansfield was an American actress, singer, nightclub entertainer, and Playboy Playmate. A sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s while under contract at 20th Century Fox, Mansfield was known for her well-publicized personal life and publicity stunts. Her film career was short-lived, but she had several box-office successes and won a Theatre World Award and a Golden Globe Award.
  2. New Orleans
    
    New Orleans is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana. With a population of 383,997 according to the 2020 U.S. census, it is the most populous city in Louisiana and the twelfth-most populous city in the Southeastern United States. Serving as a major port, New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States.
  3. Mariska Hargitay
    
    Mariska Magdolna Hargitay is an American actress, director and philanthropist. The daughter of bodybuilder and actor Mickey Hargitay and actress Jayne Mansfield, her accolades include a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award.
1956
1. The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 is signed by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, officially creating the United States Interstate Highway System.
  1. Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956
    
    The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, also known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act, Pub.L. 84–627 was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. With an original authorization of $25 billion for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the Interstate Highway System over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history through that time.
  2. Dwight D. Eisenhower
    
    Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe and achieved the five-star rank of General of the Army. He planned and supervised the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–1943 as well as the invasion of Normandy (D-Day) from the Western Front in 1944–1945.
  3. Interstate Highway System
    
    The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, is a network of controlled-access highways that forms part of the National Highway System in the United States. The system extends throughout the contiguous United States and has routes in Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico.
1952
1. The first Miss Universe pageant is held. Armi Kuusela from Finland wins the title of Miss Universe 1952.
  1. Miss Universe
    
    Miss Universe is an annual international beauty pageant that is run by the United States and Thailand–based Miss Universe Organization. It is one of the most watched pageants in the world with an estimated audience of over 500 million viewers in over 190 territories. Along with Miss World, Miss International, and Miss Earth, Miss Universe is one of the Big Four international beauty pageants.
  2. Armi Kuusela
    
    Armi Helena Kuusela is a Finnish-American charity worker, model and beauty queen. In 1952, she won the Finnish national beauty contest Suomen Neito and was presented with a trip to the United States to participate in the first-ever Miss Universe pageant, becoming its first titleholder.
  3. Miss Universe 1952
    
    Miss Universe 1952, the 1st Miss Universe pageant, was held on June 28, 1952 at the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium in Long Beach, California, United States. The pageant was held on the day following the first Miss USA pageant, at the same venue. Thirty contestants competed for the crown. The first winner of the pageant was 17-year-old Armi Kuusela of Finland, who was crowned by actress Piper Laurie.
1950
1. The United States defeated England during the FIFA World Cup in one of the greatest upsets in the competition's history.
  1. United States men's national soccer team
    
    The United States men's national soccer team (USMNT) represents the United States in men's international soccer competitions. The team is controlled by the United States Soccer Federation and is a member of FIFA and CONCACAF.
  2. United States v England (1950 FIFA World Cup)
    
    The United States defeated England 1–0 on 29 June 1950, in a group match of the 1950 FIFA World Cup at Estádio Independência in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The result is one of the biggest upsets in the competition's history.
  3. England national football team
    
    The England national football team has represented England in international football since the first international match in 1872. It is controlled by The Football Association (FA), the governing body for football in England, which is affiliated with UEFA and comes under the global jurisdiction of world football's governing body FIFA. England competes in the three major international tournaments contested by European nations: the FIFA World Cup, the UEFA European Championship, and the UEFA Nations League.
  4. 1950 FIFA World Cup
    
    The 1950 FIFA World Cup was the fourth edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams and held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950. The planned 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II. This tournament ended the hiatus. Uruguay, who had won the inaugural competition in 1930, defeated the host nation, Brazil, in the deciding match of the four-team group of the final round. This was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final. It was also the inaugural tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup, to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet's presidency of FIFA.
2. Korean War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman authorizes a sea blockade of Korea.
  1. Korean War
    
    The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following clashes along the border and rebellions in South Korea. North Korea was supported by China and the Soviet Union while South Korea was supported by the United States and allied countries. The fighting ended with an armistice on 27 July 1953.
  2. Harry S. Truman
    
    Harry S. Truman was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin Roosevelt and as a United States senator from Missouri from 1935 to January 1945. Assuming the presidency after Roosevelt's death, Truman implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe and established both the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain the expansion of Soviet communism. He proposed numerous liberal domestic reforms, but few were enacted by the Conservative Coalition which dominated the Congress.
1945
1. The Soviet Union annexes the Czechoslovak province of Carpathian Ruthenia.
  1. Soviet Union
    
    The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics; in practice, both its government and its economy were highly centralized until its final years. It was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with the city of Moscow serving as its capital as well as that of its largest and most populous republic: the Russian SFSR. Other major cities included Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometres (8,649,500 sq mi) and spanning eleven time zones.
  2. Czechoslovakia
    
    Czechoslovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe, created in 1918, when it declared its independence from Austria-Hungary. In 1938, after the Munich Agreement, the Sudetenland became part of Germany, while the country lost further territories to Hungary and Poland. Between 1939 and 1945 the state ceased to exist, as Slovakia proclaimed its independence and the remaining territories in the east became part of Hungary, while in the remainder of the Czech Lands the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed. In 1939, after the outbreak of World War II, former Czechoslovak President Edvard Beneš formed a government-in-exile and sought recognition from the Allies.
  3. Carpathian Ruthenia
    
    Carpathian Ruthenia is a historical region on the border between Central and Eastern Europe, mostly located in western Ukraine's Zakarpattia Oblast, with smaller parts in eastern Slovakia and the Lemko Region in Poland.
1927
1. The United States Army Air Corps aircraft Bird of Paradise landed at Wheeler Field on the Hawaiian island of Oahu to complete the first transpacific flight.
  1. United States Army Air Corps
    
    The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. After World War I, as early aviation became an increasingly important part of modern warfare, a philosophical rift developed between more traditional ground-based army personnel and those who felt that aircraft were being underutilized and that air operations were being stifled for political reasons unrelated to their effectiveness. The USAAC was renamed from the earlier United States Army Air Service on 2 July 1926, and was part of the larger United States Army. The Air Corps became the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) on 20 June 1941, giving it greater autonomy from the Army's middle-level command structure. During World War II, although not an administrative echelon, the Air Corps (AC) remained as one of the combat arms of the Army until 1947, when it was legally abolished by legislation establishing the Department of the Air Force.
  2. Bird of Paradise (aircraft)
    
    The Bird of Paradise was a military airplane used by the United States Army Air Corps in 1927 to experiment with the application of radio beacon aids in air navigation. On June 28–29, 1927, the Bird of Paradise, crewed by 1st Lt. Lester J. Maitland and 1st Lt. Albert F. Hegenberger, completed the first flight over the Pacific Ocean from the mainland, California, to Hawaii. For this feat the crew received the Mackay Trophy.
  3. Wheeler Army Airfield
    
    Wheeler Army Airfield, also known as Wheeler Field and formerly as Wheeler Air Force Base, is a United States Army post located in the City & County of Honolulu and in the Wahiawa District of the Island of O'ahu, Hawaii. It is a National Historic Landmark for its role in the 7 December 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
  4. Oahu
    
    Oahu, also known as "The Gathering Place", is the third-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to roughly one million people—over two-thirds of the population of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The island of O’ahu and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands constitute the City and County of Honolulu. The state capital, Honolulu, is on Oʻahu's southeast coast. Oʻahu had a population of 1,016,508 according to the 2020 U.S. Census, up from 953,207 people in 2010.
2. The Bird of Paradise, a U.S. Army Air Corps Fokker tri-motor, completes the first transpacific flight, from the mainland United States to Hawaii.
  1. Bird of Paradise (aircraft)
    
    The Bird of Paradise was a military airplane used by the United States Army Air Corps in 1927 to experiment with the application of radio beacon aids in air navigation. On June 28–29, 1927, the Bird of Paradise, crewed by 1st Lt. Lester J. Maitland and 1st Lt. Albert F. Hegenberger, completed the first flight over the Pacific Ocean from the mainland, California, to Hawaii. For this feat the crew received the Mackay Trophy.
  2. United States Army Air Corps
    
    The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army between 1926 and 1941. After World War I, as early aviation became an increasingly important part of modern warfare, a philosophical rift developed between more traditional ground-based army personnel and those who felt that aircraft were being underutilized and that air operations were being stifled for political reasons unrelated to their effectiveness. The USAAC was renamed from the earlier United States Army Air Service on 2 July 1926, and was part of the larger United States Army. The Air Corps became the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) on 20 June 1941, giving it greater autonomy from the Army's middle-level command structure. During World War II, although not an administrative echelon, the Air Corps (AC) remained as one of the combat arms of the Army until 1947, when it was legally abolished by legislation establishing the Department of the Air Force.
1922
1. France grants "one square kilometer" at Vimy Ridge "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada, the free use of the land exempt from all taxes".
  1. Battle of Vimy Ridge
    
    The Battle of Vimy Ridge was part of the Battle of Arras, in the Pas-de-Calais department of France, during the First World War. The main combatants were the four divisions of the Canadian Corps in the First Army, against three divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle took place from 9 to 12 April 1917 at the beginning of the Battle of Arras, the first attack of the Nivelle Offensive, which was intended to attract German reserves from the French, before the French attempt at a decisive offensive on the Aisne and the Chemin des Dames ridge further south, several days later.
1916
1. British diplomat turned Irish nationalist Roger Casement is sentenced to death for his part in the Easter Rising.
  1. Diplomat
    
    A diplomat is a person appointed by a state or an intergovernmental institution such as the United Nations or the European Union to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organizations.
  2. Irish nationalism
    
    Irish nationalism is a nationalist political movement which, in its broadest sense, asserts that the people of Ireland should govern Ireland as a sovereign state. Since the mid-19th century, Irish nationalism has largely taken the form of cultural nationalism based on the principles of national self-determination and popular sovereignty. Irish nationalists during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries such as the United Irishmen in the 1790s, Young Irelanders in the 1840s, the Fenian Brotherhood during the 1880s, Fianna Fáil in the 1920s, and Sinn Féin styled themselves in various ways after French left-wing radicalism and republicanism. Irish nationalism celebrates the culture of Ireland, especially the Irish language, literature, music, and sports. It grew more potent during the period in which all of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom, which led to most of the island gaining independence from the UK in 1922.
  3. Roger Casement
    
    Roger David Casement, known as Sir Roger Casement, CMG, between 1911 and 1916, was a diplomat and Irish nationalist executed by the United Kingdom for treason during World War I. He worked for the British Foreign Office as a diplomat, becoming known as a humanitarian activist, and later as a poet and Easter Rising leader. Described as the "father of twentieth-century human rights investigations", he was honoured in 1905 for the Casement Report on the Congo and knighted in 1911 for his important investigations of human rights abuses in the rubber industry in Peru.
  4. Easter Rising
    
    The Easter Rising, also known as the Easter Rebellion, was an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week in April 1916. The Rising was launched by Irish republicans against British rule in Ireland with the aim of establishing an independent Irish Republic while the United Kingdom was fighting the First World War. It was the most significant uprising in Ireland since the rebellion of 1798 and the first armed conflict of the Irish revolutionary period. Sixteen of the Rising's leaders were executed from May 1916. The nature of the executions, and subsequent political developments, ultimately contributed to an increase in popular support for Irish independence.
1915
1. The North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915 is the worst flood in Edmonton history.
  1. North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915
    
    The North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915 was one of the largest floods in the history of Edmonton. On 28 June, the Edmonton Bulletin reported the river had risen "10 feet in as many hours." A frantic telegram from Rocky Mountain House alerted local authorities to the flood's arrival. The Canadian Northern Railway had parked a number of train cars on the city's Low Level Bridge to protect against the debris that had been pushed up against its piers, including a house swept away by the current. Thousands of Edmonton residents watched the flood destroy lumber mills along the city's river valley.
  2. Edmonton
    
    Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is situated on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region. The city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the "Calgary–Edmonton Corridor".
1914
1. During the second day of anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo, numerous buildings owned by ethnic Serbs were vandalized and looted.
  1. Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
    
    The anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo consisted of large-scale anti-Serb violence in Sarajevo on 28 and 29 June 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Encouraged by the Austro-Hungarian government, the violent demonstrations assumed the characteristics of a pogrom, leading to ethnic divisions unprecedented in the city's history. Two Serbs were killed on the first day of the demonstrations, and many were attacked, while numerous houses, shops and institutions owned by Serbs were razed or pillaged.
  2. Serbs
    
    The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language.
1913
1. More than 50,000 Union and Confederate veterans gathered at the Gettysburg Battlefield near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the largest combined reunion of American Civil War veterans ever held.
  1. Union Army
    
    During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also known as the Federal Army and the Northern Army, referring to the United States Army, was the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. It proved essential to the preservation of the United States as a working, viable republic.
  2. Confederate States Army
    
    The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War (1861–1865), fighting against the United States forces in order to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the institution of slavery. On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the newly chosen Confederate president, Jefferson Davis. Davis was a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the Mexican–American War. He had also been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. On March 1, 1861, on behalf of the Confederate government, Davis assumed control of the military situation at Charleston, South Carolina, where South Carolina state militia besieged Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, held by a small U.S. Army garrison. By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army.
  3. 1913 Gettysburg reunion
    
    The 1913 Gettysburg reunion was a Gettysburg Battlefield encampment of American Civil War veterans for the Battle of Gettysburg's 50th anniversary. The June 29–July 4 gathering of 53,407 veterans was the largest ever Civil War veteran reunion. All honorably discharged veterans in the Grand Army of the Republic and the United Confederate Veterans were invited, and veterans from 46 of the 48 states attended.
  4. Gettysburg Battlefield
    
    The Gettysburg Battlefield is the area of the July 1–3, 1863, military engagements of the Battle of Gettysburg within and around the borough of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Locations of military engagements extend from the 4-acre (1.6 ha) site of the first shot at Knoxlyn Ridge on the west of the borough, to East Cavalry Field on the east. A military engagement prior to the battle was conducted at the Gettysburg Railroad trestle over Rock Creek, which was burned on June 27.
  5. Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
    
    Gettysburg is a borough and the county seat of Adams County in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg (1863) and President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address are named for this town.
  6. American Civil War
    
    The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union and the Confederacy, the latter formed by states that had seceded. The central cause of the war was the dispute over whether slavery would be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prevented from doing so, which was widely believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction.
1889
1. Hyde Park and several other Illinois townships voted to be annexed by Chicago, forming the largest city by area in the United States and the second-largest by population.
  1. Hyde Park Township, Cook County, Illinois
    
    Hyde Park Township is a former civil township in Cook County, Illinois, United States that existed as a separate municipality from 1861 until 1889 when it was annexed into the city of Chicago. Its borders are Pershing Road on the north, State Street on the west, Lake Michigan and the Indiana state line on the east, and 138th Street and the Calumet River on the south. This region comprised much of what is now known as the South Side of Chicago.
  2. Illinois
    
    Illinois is a state in the Midwestern United States. Chicago is its largest city, and the state's capital is Springfield; other major metropolitan areas include Metro East, Peoria and Rockford. Of the fifty U.S. states, Illinois has the fifth-largest gross domestic product (GDP), the sixth-largest population, and the 25th-largest land area.
  3. Chicago
    
    Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the third-most populous in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles. With a population of 2,746,388 in the 2020 census, it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States. As the seat of Cook County, the city is the center of the Chicago metropolitan area, one of the largest in the world.
2. Hyde Park and several other Illinois townships vote to be annexed by Chicago, forming the largest United States city in area and second largest in population at the time.
  1. Hyde Park Township, Cook County, Illinois
    
    Hyde Park Township is a former civil township in Cook County, Illinois, United States that existed as a separate municipality from 1861 until 1889 when it was annexed into the city of Chicago. Its borders are Pershing Road on the north, State Street on the west, Lake Michigan and the Indiana state line on the east, and 138th Street and the Calumet River on the south. This region comprised much of what is now known as the South Side of Chicago.
  2. Illinois
    
    Illinois is a state in the Midwestern United States. Chicago is its largest city, and the state's capital is Springfield; other major metropolitan areas include Metro East, Peoria and Rockford. Of the fifty U.S. states, Illinois has the fifth-largest gross domestic product (GDP), the sixth-largest population, and the 25th-largest land area.
  3. Chicago
    
    Chicago is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the third-most populous in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles. With a population of 2,746,388 in the 2020 census, it is also the most populous city in the Midwestern United States. As the seat of Cook County, the city is the center of the Chicago metropolitan area, one of the largest in the world.
1888
1. George Edward Gouraud records Handel's Israel in Egypt onto a phonograph cylinder, thought for many years to be the oldest known recording of music.
  1. George Edward Gouraud
    
    George Edward Gouraud was an American Civil War recipient of the Medal of Honor who later became famous for introducing the new Edison Phonograph cylinder audio recording technology to England in 1888.
  2. George Frideric Handel
    
    George Frideric Handel was a German-British Baroque composer well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos. Handel received his training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712, where he spent the bulk of his career and became a naturalised British subject in 1727. He was strongly influenced both by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition and by composers of the Italian Baroque. In turn, Handel's music forms one of the peaks of the "high baroque" style, bringing Italian opera to its highest development, creating the genres of English oratorio and organ concerto, and introducing a new style into English church music. He is consistently recognized as one of the greatest composers of his age.
  3. Israel in Egypt
    
    Israel in Egypt, HWV 54, is a biblical oratorio by the composer George Frideric Handel. Most scholars believe the libretto was prepared by Charles Jennens, who also compiled the biblical texts for Handel's Messiah. It is composed entirely of selected passages from the Old Testament, mainly from Exodus and the Psalms.
  4. Phonograph cylinder
    
    Phonograph cylinders are the earliest commercial medium for recording and reproducing sound. Commonly known simply as "records" in their era of greatest popularity, these hollow cylindrical objects have an audio recording engraved on the outside surface, which can be reproduced when they are played on a mechanical cylinder phonograph. In the 1910s, the competing disc record system triumphed in the marketplace to become the dominant commercial audio medium.
1881
1. In Sudan, Muhammad Ahmad declares himself to be the Mahdi, the messianic redeemer of Islam.
  1. Muhammad Ahmad
    
    Muhammad Ahmad was a Nubian Sufi religious leader of the Samaniyya order in Sudan who, as a youth, studied Sunni Islam. In 1881, he claimed to be the Mahdi, and led a successful war against Ottoman-Egyptian military rule in Sudan and achieved a remarkable victory over the British, in the siege of Khartoum. He created a vast Islamic state extending from the Red Sea to Central Africa, and founded a movement that remained influential in Sudan a century later.
  2. Mahdi
    
    The Mahdi is a messianic figure in Islamic eschatology who is believed to appear at the end of times to rid the world of evil and injustice. He is said to be a descendant of Muhammad who will appear shortly before the prophet ʿĪsā (Jesus) and lead Muslims to rule the world.
1880
1. France annexes Tahiti, renaming the independent Kingdom of Tahiti as "Etablissements de français de l'Océanie".
  1. Tahiti
    
    Tahiti is the largest island of the Windward group of the Society Islands in French Polynesia. It is located in the central part of the Pacific Ocean and the nearest major landmass is Australia. Divided into two parts, Tahiti Nui and Tahiti Iti, the island was formed from volcanic activity; it is high and mountainous with surrounding coral reefs. Its population was 189,517 in 2017, making it by far the most populous island in French Polynesia and accounting for 68.7% of its total population.
  2. Kingdom of Tahiti
    
    The Kingdom of Tahiti was a monarchy founded by paramount chief Pōmare I, who, with the aid of British missionaries and traders, and European weaponry, unified the islands of Tahiti, Moʻorea, Tetiʻaroa, Mehetiʻa and at its peak included the Tuamotus, Tubuaʻi, Raivavae and other islands of eastern Polynesia. Its leaders were Christian following the baptism of Pomare II. Its progressive rise and recognition by Europeans allowed Tahiti to remain free from a planned Spanish colonization as well as other European claims to the islands.
1874
1. Greek politician Charilaos Trikoupis publishes a manifesto in the Athens daily Kairoi entitled "Who's to Blame?" leveling complaints against King George. Trikoupis is elected Prime Minister of Greece the next year.
  1. Charilaos Trikoupis
    
    Charilaos Trikoupis was a Greek politician who served as a Prime Minister of Greece seven times from 1875 until 1895.
  2. Athens
    
    Athens is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates and is the capital of the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence beginning somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC.
  3. George I of Greece
    
    George I was King of Greece from 30 March 1863 until his assassination in 1913.
  4. Prime Minister of Greece
    
    The prime minister of the Hellenic Republic, colloquially referred to as the prime minister of Greece, is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek Cabinet. The incumbent prime minister is Kyriakos Mitsotakis, who took office on 8 July 2019 from Alexis Tsipras.
1864
1. A passenger train fell through an open swing bridge into the Richelieu River near present-day Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, killing as many as 99 people and injuring 100 others in Canada's worst railway accident (wreckage pictured).
  1. Swing bridge
    
    A swing bridge is a movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its center of gravity, about which the swing span can then pivot horizontally as shown in the animated illustration to the right. Small swing bridges as found over canals may be pivoted only at one end, opening as would a gate, but require substantial underground structure to support the pivot.
  2. Richelieu River
    
    The Richelieu River is a river of Quebec, Canada, and a major right-bank tributary of the St. Lawrence River. It rises at Lake Champlain, from which it flows northward through Quebec and empties into the St. Lawrence. It was formerly known by the French as the Iroquois River and the Chambly River, and was named for Cardinal Richelieu, the powerful minister under Louis XIII.
  3. Mont-Saint-Hilaire
    
    Mont-Saint-Hilaire is an off-island suburb of Montreal in southeastern Quebec, Canada, on the Richelieu River in the Regional County Municipality of La Vallée-du-Richelieu. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 18,200. The city is named after the Mont Saint-Hilaire.
  4. St-Hilaire train disaster
    
    The St-Hilaire train disaster occurred on June 29, 1864, near the present-day town of Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. A passenger train fell through an open swing bridge into the Richelieu River after the crew failed to obey a stop signal. The widely accepted death toll is 99 people. The disaster remains the worst railway accident in Canadian history.
2. At least 99 people, mostly German and Polish immigrants, are killed in Canada's worst railway disaster after a train fails to stop for an open drawbridge and plunges into the Rivière Richelieu near St-Hilaire, Quebec.
  1. Germans
    
    Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, and sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language. The constitution of Germany defines a German as a German citizen. During the 19th and much of the 20th century, discussions on German identity were dominated by concepts of a common language, culture, descent and history. Today, the German language is widely seen as the primary though not exclusive criterion of German identity. Estimates on the total number of Germans in the world range from 100 to 150 million, and most of them live in Germany.
  2. Poles
    
    Poles, or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe. The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizens of Poland, regardless of heritage or ethnicity. The majority of Poles adhere to Roman Catholicism.
  3. Immigration
    
    Immigration is the international movement of people to a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle as permanent residents or naturalized citizens. Commuters, tourists, and other short-term stays in a destination country do not fall under the definition of immigration or migration; seasonal labour immigration is sometimes included, however.
  4. St-Hilaire train disaster
    
    The St-Hilaire train disaster occurred on June 29, 1864, near the present-day town of Mont-Saint-Hilaire, Quebec. A passenger train fell through an open swing bridge into the Richelieu River after the crew failed to obey a stop signal. The widely accepted death toll is 99 people. The disaster remains the worst railway accident in Canadian history.
  5. Drawbridge
    
    A drawbridge or draw-bridge is a type of moveable bridge typically at the entrance to a castle or tower surrounded by a moat. In some forms of English, including American English, the word drawbridge commonly refers to all types of moveable bridges, such as bascule bridges, vertical-lift bridges and swing bridges, but this article concerns the narrower historical definition of the term where the bridge is used in a defensive structure.
  6. Richelieu River
    
    The Richelieu River is a river of Quebec, Canada, and a major right-bank tributary of the St. Lawrence River. It rises at Lake Champlain, from which it flows northward through Quebec and empties into the St. Lawrence. It was formerly known by the French as the Iroquois River and the Chambly River, and was named for Cardinal Richelieu, the powerful minister under Louis XIII.
  7. Mont-Saint-Hilaire
    
    Mont-Saint-Hilaire is an off-island suburb of Montreal in southeastern Quebec, Canada, on the Richelieu River in the Regional County Municipality of La Vallée-du-Richelieu. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 18,200. The city is named after the Mont Saint-Hilaire.
  8. Quebec
    
    Quebec is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is the largest province by area and the second-largest by population. Much of the population lives in urban areas along the St. Lawrence River, between the most populous city, Montreal, and the provincial capital, Quebec City. Quebec is the home of the Québécois nation. Located in Central Canada, the province shares land borders with Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, New Brunswick to the southeast, and a coastal border with Nunavut; in the south it borders Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York in the United States.
1850
1. Autocephaly officially granted by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople to the Church of Greece.
  1. Autocephaly
    
    Autocephaly is the status of a hierarchical Christian church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop. The term is primarily used in Eastern Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox churches. The status has been compared with that of the churches (provinces) within the Anglican Communion.
  2. Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
    
    The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople is one of the fifteen to seventeen autocephalous churches that together compose the Eastern Orthodox Church. It is headed by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, currently Bartholomew, Archbishop of Constantinople.
  3. Church of Greece
    
    The Church of Greece, part of the wider Greek Orthodox Church, is one of the autocephalous churches which make up the communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Its canonical territory is confined to the borders of Greece prior to the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, with the rest of Greece being subject to the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. However, most of the dioceses of the Metropolises of the New Lands are de facto administered as part of the Church of Greece for practical reasons, under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The primate of the Church of Greece is the archbishop of Athens and All Greece.
1807
1. Russo-Turkish War: Admiral Dmitry Senyavin destroys the Ottoman fleet in the Battle of Athos.
  1. Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)
    
    The Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire was one of the Russo-Ottoman Wars. Russia prevailed, but both sides wanted peace as they feared Napoleon's moves to the east.
  2. Dmitry Senyavin
    
    Dmitry Nikolayevich Senyavin or Seniavin was a Russian admiral during the Napoleonic Wars.
  3. Ottoman Empire
    
    The Ottoman Empire, also known as the Turkish Empire, was an empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and Northern Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe and, with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed the Conqueror.
  4. Battle of Athos
    
    The Battle of Athos took place on 1–2 July 1807 as a part of the Napoleonic Wars during the Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812.
1786
1. Alexander Macdonell and over five hundred Roman Catholic highlanders leave Scotland to settle in Glengarry County, Ontario.
  1. Alexander Macdonell (bishop of Kingston)
    
    Bishop Alexander Macdonell was the first Roman Catholic bishop of Kingston, Upper Canada.
  2. Catholic Church
    
    The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
  3. Glengarry County, Ontario
    
    Glengarry County, an area covering 288,688 acres (1,168 km2), is a former county in the province of Ontario, Canada. It is historically known for its settlement of Scottish Highlanders. Glengarry County now consists of the modern-day townships of North Glengarry and South Glengarry and it borders the Saint Lawrence River.
1776
1. The first privateer battle of the American Revolutionary War, the Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet, was fought near Cape May, New Jersey.
  1. Privateer
    
    A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war. Since robbery under arms was a common aspect of seaborne trade, until the early 19th century all merchant ships carried arms. A sovereign or delegated authority issued commissions, also referred to as a letter of marque, during wartime. The commission empowered the holder to carry on all forms of hostility permissible at sea by the usages of war. This included attacking foreign vessels and taking them as prizes, and taking prize crews as prisoners for exchange. Captured ships were subject to condemnation and sale under prize law, with the proceeds divided by percentage between the privateer's sponsors, shipowners, captains and crew. A percentage share usually went to the issuer of the commission.
  2. American Revolutionary War
    
    The American Revolutionary War, also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, secured American independence from Great Britain. Fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean.
  3. Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet
    
    The Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet was an important, early naval victory for the Continental Navy and the future "Father of the American Navy", Captain John Barry. It was the first privateer battle of the American Revolutionary War. The battle resulted in the first American casualty of the war in New Jersey, Lieutenant Richard Wickes, brother of Captain Lambert Wickes. It was the only Revolutionary War battle fought in Cape May County.
  4. Cape May, New Jersey
    
    Cape May is a city located at the southern tip of Cape May Peninsula in Cape May County, New Jersey, United States, where the Delaware Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of the country's oldest vacation resort destinations, and part of the Ocean City Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 United States Census, the city's population was 2,768, a decline of 839 from the 2010 census. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a year-round population of 3,607, reflecting a decline of 427 (−10.6%) from the 4,034 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 634 (−13.6%) from the 4,668 counted in the 1990 Census. In the summer, Cape May's population is expanded by as many as 40,000 to 50,000 visitors. The entire city of Cape May is designated the Cape May Historic District, a National Historic Landmark due to its concentration of Victorian architecture.
1659
1. Russo-Polish War: A coalition led by Ukrainian hetman Ivan Vyhovsky defeated the forces of the Tsardom of Russia, commanded by Aleksey Trubetskoy, at the Battle of Konotop.
  1. Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
    
    The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called the Thirteen Years' War and the First Northern War, was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1655 and 1660, the Swedish invasion was also fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and so the period became known in Poland as "The Deluge" or Swedish Deluge.
  2. Hetman
    
    Hetman is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
  3. Ivan Vyhovsky
    
    Ivan Vyhovsky was Ukrainian military, political and statesman; hetman of the Zaporizhian Host and Cossack Hetmanate during three years (1657–59) of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667). He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky. His time as hetman was characterized by his generally pro-Polish policies, which led to his defeat by pro-Russian faction among the Cossacks.
  4. Tsardom of Russia
    
    The Tsardom of Russia or Tsardom of Rus' also externally referenced as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter I in 1721.
  5. Aleksey Trubetskoy
    
    Prince Aleksey Nikitich Trubetskoy was the last voivode of the Trubetskoy family and a diplomat who was active in negotiations with Poland and Sweden in 1647 and with the ambassadors of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1654. He was the godfather of Peter I of Russia.
  6. Battle of Konotop (1659)
    
    The Battle of Konotop or Battle of Sosnivka was fought between a coalition led by the Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks Ivan Vyhovsky and cavalry units of the Russian Tsardom under the command of Semyon Pozharsky and Semyon Lvov, supported by Cossacks of Ivan Bezpaly, on 29 June 1659, near the town of Konotop, Ukraine, during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667). Vyhovsky's coalition defeated the Russians and their allies and forced the main Russian army to interrupt the siege of Konotop. However, the result of the battle only intensified political tensions in Ukraine and led to Vyhovsky's removal from power several months later.
2. At the Battle of Konotop the Ukrainian armies of Ivan Vyhovsky defeat the Russians led by Prince Trubetskoy.
  1. Battle of Konotop (1659)
    
    The Battle of Konotop or Battle of Sosnivka was fought between a coalition led by the Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks Ivan Vyhovsky and cavalry units of the Russian Tsardom under the command of Semyon Pozharsky and Semyon Lvov, supported by Cossacks of Ivan Bezpaly, on 29 June 1659, near the town of Konotop, Ukraine, during the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667). Vyhovsky's coalition defeated the Russians and their allies and forced the main Russian army to interrupt the siege of Konotop. However, the result of the battle only intensified political tensions in Ukraine and led to Vyhovsky's removal from power several months later.
  2. Ivan Vyhovsky
    
    Ivan Vyhovsky was Ukrainian military, political and statesman; hetman of the Zaporizhian Host and Cossack Hetmanate during three years (1657–59) of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667). He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky. His time as hetman was characterized by his generally pro-Polish policies, which led to his defeat by pro-Russian faction among the Cossacks.
  3. Aleksey Trubetskoy
    
    Prince Aleksey Nikitich Trubetskoy was the last voivode of the Trubetskoy family and a diplomat who was active in negotiations with Poland and Sweden in 1647 and with the ambassadors of Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1654. He was the godfather of Peter I of Russia.
1644
1. Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge.
  1. Charles I of England
    
    Charles I was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 upon the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiation. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France.
  2. Roundhead
    
    Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–1651). Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters, known as the Cavaliers or Royalists, who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the divine right of kings. The goal of the Roundheads was to give to Parliament the supreme control over executive administration of the country/kingdom.
  3. Battle of Cropredy Bridge
    
    The Battle of Cropredy Bridge was fought on 29 June 1644 near Banbury, Oxfordshire during the First English Civil War. In the engagement, Sir William Waller and the Parliamentarian army failed to capture King Charles.
1620
1. English crown bans tobacco growing in England, giving the Virginia Company a monopoly in exchange for tax of one shilling per pound.
1613
1. The original Globe Theatre in London burned to the ground after a cannon employed for special effects misfired during a performance of Henry VIII and ignited the roof.
  1. Globe Theatre
    
    The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend, and grandson, Sir Matthew Brend, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and stayed open until the London theatre closures of 1642.
  2. Special effect
    
    Special effects are illusions or visual tricks used in the theatre, film, television, video game, amusement park and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events in a story or virtual world.
  3. Henry VIII (play)
    
    Henry VIII is a collaborative history play, written by William Shakespeare and John Fletcher, based on the life of Henry VIII. An alternative title, All Is True, is recorded in contemporary documents, with the title Henry VIII not appearing until the play's publication in the First Folio of 1623. Stylistic evidence indicates that individual scenes were written by either Shakespeare or his collaborator and successor, John Fletcher. It is also somewhat characteristic of the late romances in its structure. It is noted for having more stage directions than any of Shakespeare's other plays.
2. The Globe Theatre in London, built by William Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, burns to the ground.
  1. Globe Theatre
    
    The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited by his son, Nicholas Brend, and grandson, Sir Matthew Brend, and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and stayed open until the London theatre closures of 1642.
  2. William Shakespeare
    
    William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. He remains arguably the most influential writer in the English language, and his works continue to be studied and reinterpreted.
  3. Playing company
    
    In Renaissance-era London, playing company was the usual term for a company of actors. These companies were organised around a group of ten or so shareholders, who performed in the plays but were also responsible for management. The sharers employed "hired men" – that is, the minor actors and the workers behind the scenes. The major companies were based at specific theatres in London; the most successful of them, William Shakespeare's company the King's Men, had the open-air Globe Theatre for summer seasons and the enclosed Blackfriars Theatre in the winters. The Admiral's Men occupied the Rose Theatre in the 1590s, and the Fortune Theatre in the early 17th century.
  4. Lord Chamberlain's Men
    
    The Lord Chamberlain's Men was a company of actors, or a "playing company", for which Shakespeare wrote during most of his career. Richard Burbage played most of the lead roles, including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Formed at the end of a period of flux in the theatrical world of London, it had become, by 1603, one of the two leading companies of the city and was subsequently patronized by James I.
1534
1. Jacques Cartier is the first European to reach Prince Edward Island.
  1. Jacques Cartier
    
    Jacques Cartier was a French-Breton maritime explorer for France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of Canadas" after the Iroquoian names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona and at Hochelaga.
  2. Prince Edward Island
    
    Prince Edward Island is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is the smallest province in terms of land area and population, but the most densely populated. The island has several nicknames: "Garden of the Gulf", "Birthplace of Confederation" and "Cradle of Confederation". Its capital and largest city is Charlottetown. It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces.
1457
1. The Dutch city of Dordrecht is devastated by fire
  1. Dordrecht
    
    Dordrecht, historically known in English as Dordt or Dort, is a city and municipality in the Western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the province's fifth-largest city after Rotterdam, The Hague, Zoetermeer and Leiden, with a population of 118,654.
1444
1. Skanderbeg defeats an Ottoman invasion force at Torvioll.
  1. Skanderbeg
    
    Gjergj Kastrioti, commonly known as Skanderbeg, was an Albanian feudal lord and military commander who led a rebellion against the Ottoman Empire in what is today Albania, North Macedonia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia.
  2. Battle of Torvioll
    
    The Battle of Torvioll, also known as the Battle of Lower Dibra, was fought on 29 June 1444 on the Plain of Torvioll, in what is modern-day Albania. Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg was an Ottoman Albanian general who decided to go back to his native land and take the reins of a new Albanian League against the Ottoman Empire. He, along with 300 other Albanians fighting at the Battle of Niš, deserted the Ottoman army to head towards Krujë, which fell quickly through a subversion. He then formed the League of Lezhë, a confederation of Albanian princes united in war against the Ottoman Empire. Murad II, realizing the threat, sent one of his most experienced captains, Ali Pasha, to crush the new state with a force of 40,000 men.
1194
1. Sverre is crowned King of Norway, leading to his excommunication by the Catholic Church and civil war.
  1. Sverre of Norway
    
    Sverre Sigurdsson was the king of Norway from 1184 to 1202.
  2. Monarchy of Norway
    
    The Norwegian monarch is the head of state of Norway, which is a constitutional and hereditary monarchy with a parliamentary system. The Norwegian monarchy can trace its line back to the reign of Harald Fairhair and the previous petty kingdoms which were united to form Norway; it has been in unions with both Sweden and Denmark for long periods.
  3. Excommunication (Catholic Church)
    
    In the canon law of the Catholic Church, excommunication, the principal and severest censure, is a penalty that excludes the guilty Catholic of all participation in church life. Being a penalty, it presupposes guilt and being the most serious penalty that the Catholic Church can nowadays inflict, it supposes a grave offense. The excommunicated person is basically considered as an exile from the Church, for a time at least, in the sight of ecclesiastical authority.
  4. Catholic Church
    
    The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2019. As the world's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization. The church consists of 24 sui iuris churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and eparchies located around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, known as the Holy See, is the central governing authority of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of the Italian city of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.
  5. Civil war
    
    A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state . The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. The term is a calque of Latin bellum civile which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.
1149
1. Second Crusade: An army led by Nur ad-Din Zangi destroyed the forces of Antioch led by Prince Raymond.
  1. Second Crusade
    
    The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusade (1096–1099) by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1098. While it was the first Crusader state to be founded, it was also the first to fall.
  2. Nur ad-Din (died 1174)
    
    Nūr ad-Dīn Maḥmūd Zengī, commonly known as Nur ad-Din, was a member of the Turkomen Zengid dynasty, which ruled the Syrian province (Shām) of the Seljuk Empire. He reigned from 1146 to 1174. He is regarded as an important figure of the Second Crusade.
  3. Battle of Inab
    
    The Battle of Inab, also called Battle of Ard al-Hâtim or Fons Muratus, was fought on 29 June 1149, during the Second Crusade. The Zengid army of Atabeg Nur ad-Din Zangi destroyed the combined army of Prince Raymond of Poitiers and the Assassins of Ali ibn-Wafa. The Principality of Antioch was subsequently pillaged and reduced in size as its eastern border was pushed west.
  4. Principality of Antioch
    
    The Principality of Antioch was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of Edessa or the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It extended around the northeastern edge of the Mediterranean, bordering the County of Tripoli to the south, Edessa to the east, and the Byzantine Empire or the Kingdom of Armenia to the northwest, depending on the date.
  5. Raymond of Poitiers
    
    Raymond of Poitiers was Prince of Antioch from 1136 to 1149. He was the younger son of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, and his wife Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, born in the very year that his father the Duke began his infamous liaison with Dangereuse de Chatelherault.
2. Raymond of Poitiers is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din Zangi.
  1. Raymond of Poitiers
    
    Raymond of Poitiers was Prince of Antioch from 1136 to 1149. He was the younger son of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, and his wife Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, born in the very year that his father the Duke began his infamous liaison with Dangereuse de Chatelherault.
  2. Battle of Inab
    
    The Battle of Inab, also called Battle of Ard al-Hâtim or Fons Muratus, was fought on 29 June 1149, during the Second Crusade. The Zengid army of Atabeg Nur ad-Din Zangi destroyed the combined army of Prince Raymond of Poitiers and the Assassins of Ali ibn-Wafa. The Principality of Antioch was subsequently pillaged and reduced in size as its eastern border was pushed west.
  3. Nur ad-Din (died 1174)
    
    Nūr ad-Dīn Maḥmūd Zengī, commonly known as Nur ad-Din, was a member of the Turkomen Zengid dynasty, which ruled the Syrian province (Shām) of the Seljuk Empire. He reigned from 1146 to 1174. He is regarded as an important figure of the Second Crusade.
226
1. Cao Rui succeeds his father as emperor of the Kingdom of Wei.
  1. Cao Rui
    
    Cao Rui, courtesy name Yuanzhong, was the second emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. His parentage is in dispute: his mother, Lady Zhen, was Yuan Xi's wife, but she later remarried Cao Pi, the first ruler of Wei. Based on conflicting accounts of his age, Pei Songzhi calculated that, in order to be Cao Pi's son, Cao Rui could not have been 33 when he died as recorded, so the recorded age was in error; Lu Bi and Mou Guangsheng argued instead that Cao Rui was Yuan Xi's son.
  2. Cao Wei
    
    Wei (220–266), known as Cao Wei or Former Wei in historiography, was one of the three major states that competed for supremacy over China in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). With its capital initially located at Xuchang, and thereafter Luoyang, the state was established by Cao Pi in 220, based upon the foundations laid by his father, Cao Cao, towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty. The name "Wei" first became associated with Cao Cao when he was named the Duke of Wei by the Eastern Han government in 213, and became the name of the state when Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor in 220. Historians often add the prefix "Cao" to distinguish it from other Chinese states known as "Wei", such as Wei of the Warring States period and Northern Wei of the Northern and Southern dynasties. The authority of the ruling Cao family dramatically weakened in the aftermath of the deposing and execution of Cao Shuang and his siblings, the former being one of the regents for the third Wei emperor, Cao Fang, with state authority gradually falling into the hands of Sima Yi, another Wei regent, and his family, from 249 onwards. The last Wei emperors would remain largely as puppet rulers under the control of the Simas until Sima Yi's grandson, Sima Yan, forced the last Wei ruler, Cao Huan, to abdicate the throne and established the Jin dynasty.

Births & Deaths

2021
1. Donald Rumsfeld, American captain and politician, 13th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1932) deaths
  1. Donald Rumsfeld
    
    Donald Henry Rumsfeld was an American politician, government official and businessman who served as Secretary of Defense from 1975 to 1977 under president Gerald Ford, and again from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. He was both the youngest and the oldest secretary of defense. Additionally, Rumsfeld was a three-term U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1963–1969), director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (1969–1970), counselor to the president (1969–1973), the U.S. Representative to NATO (1973–1974), and the White House Chief of Staff (1974–1975). Between his terms as secretary of defense, he served as the CEO and chairman of several companies.
  2. United States Secretary of Defense
    
    The United States secretary of defense (SecDef) is the head of the United States Department of Defense, the executive department of the U.S. Armed Forces, and is a high ranking member of the federal cabinet. The secretary of defense's position of command and authority over the military is second only to that of the president of the United States, who is the commander-in-chief. This position corresponds to what is generally known as a defense minister in many other countries. The secretary of defense is appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, and is by custom a member of the Cabinet and by law a member of the National Security Council.
2020
1. Carl Reiner, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Carl Reiner
    
    Carl Reiner was an American actor, stand-up comedian, director, screenwriter, and author whose career spanned seven decades. He was the recipient of many awards and honors, including 11 Primetime Emmy Awards, a Grammy Award, and the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor. He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1999.
2. Stepa J. Groggs, American rap artist (b. 1988) deaths
  1. Injury Reserve
    
    Injury Reserve is an American hip hop group formed in 2013 in Tempe, Arizona by rappers Stepa J. Groggs, Ritchie with a T, and producer Parker Corey.
3. Hachalu Hundessa, Ethiopian singer, songwriter (b. 1986) deaths
  1. Hachalu Hundessa
    
    Hachalu Hundessa was an Ethiopian singer, songwriter, and civil rights activist. Hachalu played a significant role in the 2014–2016 Oromo protests that led to Abiy Ahmed taking charge of the Oromo Democratic Party and Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, and subsequently becoming prime minister of Ethiopia in 2018.
  2. Ethiopia
    
    Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east and northeast, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia has a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres. As of 2022, it is home to around 113.5 million inhabitants, making it the 12th-most populous country in the world and the 2nd-most populous in Africa after Nigeria. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates.
2018
1. Steve Ditko, American comic writer and illustrator (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Steve Ditko
    
    Stephen John Ditko was an American comics artist and writer best known for being co-creator of Marvel superhero Spider-Man and creator of Doctor Strange. He also made notable contributions to the character of Iron Man with the character's iconic red and yellow design being revolutionized by Ditko.
2017
1. Louis Nicollin, French entrepreneur and chairman of Montpellier HSC from 1974 to his death (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Louis Nicollin
    
    Louis Nicollin was a French entrepreneur and director of the Nicollin Company, which specializes in the collection and reprocessing of household and industrial waste. Nicollin notably served as chairman of Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, a football team, from 1974 to his death.
  2. Montpellier HSC
    
    Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, commonly referred to as Montpellier HSC or simply Montpellier, is a French professional football club based in the city of Montpellier in Occitanie. The original club was founded in 1919, while the current incarnation was founded through a merger in 1974. Montpellier currently plays in Ligue 1, the top level of French football and plays its home matches at the Stade de la Mosson, located within the city. The first team is managed by Olivier Dall'Oglio and captained by Teji Savanier.
2. Dave Semenko, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1957) deaths
  1. Dave Semenko
    
    David John Semenko was a Canadian professional ice hockey player, coach, scout and colour commentator. During his National Hockey League (NHL) career, Semenko played for the Edmonton Oilers, Hartford Whalers and Toronto Maple Leafs as an enforcer. During his tenure with Edmonton, he notably protected Wayne Gretzky as an "on-ice bodyguard" during Gretzky's early career. Semenko won two Stanley Cups with the Oilers in 1984 and 1985. He was also the last player to score a goal in the World Hockey Association (WHA) before it folded and merged with the NHL.
2016
1. Jan Hettema, Springbok cyclist and five times South African National Rally Champion (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Jan Hettema
    
    Jan Hettema was a South African cyclist. He competed in three events at the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was also a successful rally driver and won the South African National Rally Championship five times. He was killed during an armed robbery at his smallholding in Tweedrag near Boschkop, Pretoria on 29 June 2016.
2015
1. Hisham Barakat, Egyptian lawyer and judge (b. 1950) deaths
  1. Hisham Barakat
    
    Hisham Muhammad Zaki Barakat was Prosecutor General of Egypt from 2013 to 2015. During his term as state prosecutor, he was responsible for thousands of controversial prosecutions, including several widely deemed politically motivated resulting in death sentences for hundreds of Muslim Brotherhood members and supporters of deposed Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi. He was assassinated in a car bombing on 29 June 2015.
2. Josef Masopust, Czech footballer and coach (b. 1931) deaths
  1. Josef Masopust
    
    Josef Masopust was a Czech football player and coach. He played as midfielder and was a key player for Czechoslovakia, helping them reach the 1962 FIFA World Cup Final. He was capped 63 times, scoring ten goals for his country.
3. Charles Pasqua, French businessman and politician, French Minister of the Interior (b. 1927) deaths
  1. Charles Pasqua
    
    Charles Victor Pasqua was a French businessman and Gaullist politician. He was Interior Minister from 1986 to 1988, under Jacques Chirac's cohabitation government, and also from 1993 to 1995, under the government of Edouard Balladur.
  2. Minister of the Interior (France)
    
    Minister of the Interior is an important position in the Government of France. The position is equivalent to the interior minister in other countries, like the Home Secretary in the United Kingdom, the Minister of Public Safety in Canada, or similar to a combination of the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security in the United States.
2014
1. Damian D'Oliveira, South African cricketer (b. 1960) deaths
  1. Damian D'Oliveira
    
    Damian Basil D'Oliveira was a South African-born English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Worcestershire, and was the Academy Director of Worcestershire County Cricket Club.
2. Dermot Healy, Irish author, poet, and playwright (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Dermot Healy
    
    Dermot Healy was an Irish novelist, playwright, poet and short story writer. A member of Aosdána, Healy was also part of its governing body, the Toscaireacht. Born in Finea, County Westmeath, he lived in County Sligo, and was described variously as a "master", a "Celtic Hemingway" and as "Ireland's finest living novelist".
2013
1. Peter Fitzgerald, Irish footballer and manager (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Peter Fitzgerald (footballer)
    
    Peter Joseph Fitzgerald was an Irish professional footballer.
2. Jack Gotta, American-Canadian football player, coach, and manager (b. 1929) deaths
  1. Jack Gotta
    
    Jack "Jocko" Gotta was an American-born Canadian professional football player, coach, and general manager.
3. Margherita Hack, Italian astrophysicist and author (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Margherita Hack
    
    Margherita Hack was an Italian astrophysicist and scientific disseminator. The asteroid 8558 Hack, discovered in 1995, was named in her honour.
4. Gilma Jiménez, Colombian politician (b. 1956) deaths
  1. Gilma Jiménez
    
    Gilma Jiménez was a Colombian politician. She was a member of the Senate for Bogota.
2012
1. Yong Nyuk Lin, Singaporean politician, Singaporean Minister of Health (b. 1918) deaths
  1. Yong Nyuk Lin
    
    Yong Nyuk Lin was a Singaporean politician who served as Minister for Communications between 1968 and 1975, Minister for Health between 1963 and 1968, and Minister for Education between 1959 and 1963. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing Geylang West SMC between 1959 and 1979. Yong also served as Singapore's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom between 1975 and 1977.
  2. Ministry of Health (Singapore)
    
    The Ministry of Health is a ministry of the Government of Singapore responsible for managing the public healthcare system in Singapore.
2. Vincent Ostrom, American political scientist and academic (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Vincent Ostrom
    
    Vincent Alfred Ostrom was an American political economist and the Founding Director of the Ostrom Workshop based at Indiana University and the Arthur F. Bentley Professor Emeritus of Political Science. He and his wife, the political economist Elinor Ostrom, made numerous contributions to the field of political science, political economy, and public choice.
3. Juan Reccius, Chilean triple jumper (b. 1911) deaths
  1. Juan Reccius
    
    Hans Werner "Juan" Reccius Ellwanger was a Chilean athlete who competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. He competed in the men's triple jump event, but did not advance beyond the qualifying round.
4. Floyd Temple, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1926) deaths
  1. Floyd Temple
    
    Floyd O. Temple was the head coach of the University of Kansas baseball team from 1954 to 1981. He also managed and played in the minor leagues in the early 1950s.
2011
1. K. D. Sethna, Indian poet, scholar, writer, philosopher, and cultural critic (b. 1904) deaths
  1. K. D. Sethna
    
    Kaikhosru Danjibuoy Sethna was an Indian poet, scholar, writer, philosopher, and cultural critic. He published more than 50 books. He was also known as Amal Kiran.
2009
1. Joe Bowman, American, target shooter and boot-maker (b. 1925) deaths
  1. Joe Bowman (marksman)
    
    Joseph Lee Bowman was an American marksman called "The Straight Shooter", considered to have been a guardian of Texas and Western frontier culture. He was also an Eagle Scout, Army soldier, and bootmaker.
2007
1. Fred Saberhagen, American soldier and author (b. 1930) deaths
  1. Fred Saberhagen
    
    Fred Thomas Saberhagen was an American science fiction and fantasy author most famous for his Berserker series of science fiction short stories and novels.
2. Joel Siegel, American journalist and critic (b. 1943) deaths
  1. Joel Siegel
    
    Joel Steven Siegel was an American film critic for the ABC morning news show Good Morning America for over 25 years. The winner of multiple Emmy Awards, Siegel also worked as a radio disc jockey and an advertising copywriter.
2006
1. Sam Lavagnino, American child voice actor births
  1. Sam Lavagnino
    
    Sam Lavagnino is an American voice actor and YouTuber whose roles include Catbug in Bravest Warriors and Young Grizz in We Bare Bears. He also voices the dog "Rolly" in the Disney Junior show Puppy Dog Pals and "Mr. Muffin" in the YouTube series asdfmovie.
2. Fabián Bielinsky, Argentinian director and screenwriter (b. 1959) deaths
  1. Fabián Bielinsky
    
    Fabián Bielinsky was an Argentine film director.
3. Lloyd Richards, Canadian-American theatre director, actor, and dean (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Lloyd Richards
    
    Lloyd George Richards was a Canadian-American theatre director, actor, and dean of the Yale School of Drama from 1979 to 1991, and Yale University professor emeritus.
4. Randy Walker, American football player and coach (b. 1954) deaths
  1. Randy Walker (American football coach)
    
    Randy J. Walker was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Miami University from 1990 to 1998 and at Northwestern University from 1999 to 2005, compiling a career college football record of 96–81–5. Walker won 59 games at Miami, more than noted coaches who preceded him such as Sid Gillman, Woody Hayes, Bo Schembechler, Bill Mallory, and Ara Parseghian.
2004
1. Bernard Babior, American physician and biochemist (b. 1935) deaths
  1. Bernard Babior
    
    Bernard Macy Babior was an American physician and research biochemist.
2. Alvin Hamilton, Canadian lieutenant and politician, 18th Canadian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Alvin Hamilton
    
    Francis Alvin George Hamilton, was a Canadian politician. Hamilton led the Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan from 1949 until he was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1957 general election. That election brought the federal Progressive Conservative Party of Canada to power under John Diefenbaker. He served as Minister of Northern Affairs and National Resources, 1957 to 1960. He promoted a new vision of northern development. He was Minister of Agriculture, 1960 to 1963, where he promoted wheat sales to China.
  2. Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food
    
    The minister of agriculture and agri-food is a minister of the Crown in the Cabinet of Canada, who is responsible for overseeing several organizations including Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the Canadian Dairy Commission, Farm Credit Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the National Farm Products Council and the Canadian Grain Commission.
2003
1. Katharine Hepburn, American actress (b. 1907) deaths
  1. Katharine Hepburn
    
    Katharine Houghton Hepburn was an American actress in film, stage, and television. Her career as a Hollywood leading lady spanned over 60 years. She was known for her headstrong independence, spirited personality, and outspokenness, cultivating a screen persona that matched this public image, and regularly playing strong-willed, sophisticated women. Her work was in a range of genres, from screwball comedy to literary drama, and earned her various accolades, including four Academy Awards for Best Actress—a record for any performer. In 1999, Hepburn was named the greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema by the American Film Institute.
2002
1. Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Rosemary Clooney
    
    Rosemary Clooney was an American singer and actress. She came to prominence in the early 1950s with the song "Come On-a My House", which was followed by other pop numbers such as "Botch-a-Me", "Mambo Italiano", "Tenderly", "Half as Much", "Hey There", "This Ole House", and "Sway". She also had success as a jazz vocalist. Clooney's career languished in the 1960s, partly because of problems related to depression and drug addiction, but revived in 1977, when her White Christmas co-star Bing Crosby asked her to appear with him at a show marking his 50th anniversary in show business. She continued recording until her death in 2002.
2001
1. Aaron Schoupp, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Aaron Schoupp
    
    Aaron Schoupp is an Australian professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre for the Gold Coast Titans in the NRL
2000
1. Vittorio Gassman, Italian actor and director (b. 1922) deaths
  1. Vittorio Gassman
    
    Vittorio Gassman, popularly known as Il Mattatore, was an Italian actor, director and screenwriter.
2. Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood, Canadian-English publisher and politician (b. 1913) deaths
  1. Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood
    
    Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood, born Joan Pollock Graham, was a British far-right political activist who took part in a number of movements, and was described as the "largest individual distributor of racist and antisemitic material" in Britain. She was the second wife of Christopher Birdwood, 2nd Baron Birdwood.
1999
1. Karekin I, Syrian-Armenian patriarch (b. 1950) deaths
  1. Karekin I
    
    Karekin I served as the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 1994 and 1999. Previously, he served as the Catholicos of Cilicia from 1983 to 1994 as Karekin II.
2. Allan Carr, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1937) deaths
  1. Allan Carr
    
    Allan Carr was an American producer and manager of stage for the screen. Carr was nominated for numerous awards, winning a Tony Award and two People's Choice Awards, and was named Producer of the Year by the National Association of Theatre Owners.
1998
1. Michael Porter Jr., American basketball player births
  1. Michael Porter Jr.
    
    Michael Lamar Porter Jr. is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Missouri Tigers. Porter was ranked as one of the top prospects in the class of 2017. He was selected 14th overall by the Nuggets in the 2018 NBA draft.
2. Horst Jankowski, German pianist and composer (b. 1936) deaths
  1. Horst Jankowski
    
    Horst Jankowski was a classically trained German pianist, most famous for his internationally successful easy listening music.
1997
1. William Hickey, American actor (b. 1927) deaths
  1. William Hickey (actor)
    
    William Edward Hickey was an American actor. He is best known for his Academy Award-nominated role as Don Corrado Prizzi in the John Huston film Prizzi's Honor (1985), as well as Uncle Lewis in National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989) and the voice of Dr. Finklestein in Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993).
2. Marjorie Linklater, Scottish campaigner for the arts and environment of Orkney (b. 1909) deaths
  1. Marjorie Linklater
    
    Marjorie Linklater was a Scottish campaigner for the arts and environment on the island of Orkney. She gave up acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art to get involved in conservation, education, and health matters as a county councillor for Ross and Cromarty County Council. In 1975, Linklater was elected chairman of the Orkney Heritage Society, devoting herself to campaigning for the arts environment, local heritage, and politics. She successfully opposed the mining of uranium and the dumping of nuclear waste off Orkney's west coast and was a founding member of the St Magnus Festival. The Orkney Heritage Society named a senior school award in Linklater's honour following her death.
1996
1. Joseph Manu, New Zealand rugby league player births
  1. Joseph Manu
    
    Joseph Manu is a New Zealand professional rugby league footballer who plays as a centre, fullback, winger or five-eighth for the Sydney Roosters in the NRL, and New Zealand at international level.
1995
1. Lana Turner, American actress (b. 1921) deaths
  1. Lana Turner
    
    Lana Turner was an American actress. Over the course of her nearly 50-year career, she achieved fame as both a pin-up model and a film actress, as well as for her highly publicized personal life. In the mid-1940s, she was one of the highest-paid actresses in the United States, and one of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's (MGM) biggest stars, with her films earning more than $50 million for the studio during her 18-year contract with them. Turner is frequently cited as a popular culture icon of Hollywood glamour and a screen legend of classical Hollywood cinema.
1994
1. Camila Mendes, American actress and model births
  1. Camila Mendes
    
    Camila Carraro Mendes is an American actress and singer. She made her debut portraying Veronica Lodge on The CW teen drama series Riverdale (2017–present), for which she won the Teen Choice Award for Choice Scene Stealer in 2017. She has appeared as Morgan Cruise in the romantic comedy The New Romantic (2018), the Netflix original films The Perfect Date (2019), Dangerous Lies (2020), and Do Revenge (2022), as well as the critically acclaimed Hulu sci-fi comedy Palm Springs (2020).
2. Kurt Eichhorn, German conductor and educator (b. 1908) deaths
  1. Kurt Eichhorn
    
    Kurt Peter Eichhorn, was a German conductor.
1993
1. Harrison Gilbertson, Australian actor births
  1. Harrison Gilbertson
    
    Harrison Gilbertson is an Australian actor.
2. Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican-American singer-songwriter (b. 1946) deaths
  1. Héctor Lavoe
    
    Héctor Juan Pérez Martínez, better known as Héctor Lavoe, was a Puerto Rican salsa singer. Lavoe is considered to be possibly the best and most important singer and interpreter in the history of salsa music because he helped to establish the popularity of this musical genre in the decades of 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. His personality, style and the qualities of his voice led him to a successful artistic career in the whole field of Latin music and salsa during the 1970s and 1980s. The cleanness and brightness of his voice, coupled with impeccable diction and the ability to sing long and fast phrases with total naturalness, made him one of the favorite singers of the Latin public.
1992
1. Mohamed Boudiaf, Algerian soldier and politician, President of Algeria (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Mohamed Boudiaf
    
    Mohamed Boudiaf, also called Si Tayeb el Watani, was an Algerian political leader and one of the founders of the revolutionary National Liberation Front (FLN) that led the Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962). Boudiaf was exiled soon after Algerian independence, and did not go back to Algeria for 27 years. He returned in 1992 to accept a position of Chairman of the High Council of State, but was assassinated four months later.
  2. President of Algeria
    
    The president of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces.
1991
1. Suk Hyun-jun, South Korean footballer births
  1. Suk Hyun-jun
    
    Suk Hyun-jun is a South Korean professional footballer who plays as a striker.
2. Kawhi Leonard, American basketball player births
  1. Kawhi Leonard
    
    Kawhi Anthony Leonard is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A two-time NBA champion, he is a five-time All-Star with three All-NBA First Team selections. Nicknamed the "Claw" or "Klaw" for his ball-hawking skills, he has earned seven All-Defensive Team selections and won Defensive Player of the Year honors in 2015 and 2016. In 2021, he was named to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team.
3. Addison Timlin, American actress births
  1. Addison Timlin
    
    Addison Jayne Timlin is an American actress, best known for her roles as Jami Lerner in The Town That Dreaded Sundown (2014) and Colleen Lunsford in Little Sister (2016). She is also known for playing Sasha Bingham in Showtime's Californication.
1990
1. Kim Little, Scottish footballer births
  1. Kim Little
    
    Kim Alison Little is a Scottish footballer who plays as a midfielder for and captains Arsenal of the English FA WSL. Before her retirement from international duty in 2021, Little was vice-captain of the Scotland women's national team.
2. Yann M'Vila, French footballer births
  1. Yann M'Vila
    
    Yann Gérard M'Vila is a French professional footballer who plays for Super League Greece club Olympiacos. He operates primarily as a defensive midfielder, and is described by his former club as a player who possesses "excellent defensive abilities" and "impressive physical strength", but can also play as a box-to-box midfielder, due to his impressive work rates and stamina. He is the younger brother of Yohan M'Vila.
3. Irving Wallace, American author and screenwriter (b. 1916) deaths
  1. Irving Wallace
    
    Irving Wallace was an American best-selling author and screenwriter. He was known for his heavily researched novels, many with a sexual theme.
1988
1. Éver Banega, Argentinian footballer births
  1. Éver Banega
    
    Éver Maximiliano David Banega is an Argentine professional footballer who plays for Saudi Arabian club Al Shabab as a central midfielder.
1986
1. José Manuel Jurado, Spanish footballer births
  1. José Manuel Jurado
    
    José Manuel Jurado Marín is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder.
2. Edward Maya, Romanian singer-songwriter and producer births
  1. Edward Maya
    
    Eduard Marian Ilie, better known by his stage name Edward Maya, is a Romanian DJ, musician, record producer, performer, singer and songwriter, most famous for his 2009 smash hit single "Stereo Love".
3. Frank Wise, Australian politician, 16th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1897) deaths
  1. Frank Wise
    
    Frank Joseph Scott Wise AO was a Labor Party politician who was the 16th Premier of Western Australia. He took office on 31 July 1945 in the closing stages of the Second World War, following the resignation of his predecessor due to ill health. He lost the following election two years later to the Liberal Party after Labor had held office for fourteen years previously.
  2. Premier of Western Australia
    
    The premier of Western Australia is the head of government of the state of Western Australia. The role of premier at a state level is similar to the role of the prime minister of Australia at a federal level. The premier leads the executive branch of the Government of Western Australia and is accountable to the Parliament of Western Australia. The premier is appointed by the governor of Western Australia. By convention, the governor appoints as premier whoever has the support of the majority of the Western Australian Legislative Assembly. In practice, this means that the premier is the leader of the political party or group of parties with a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. Since Western Australia achieved self-governance in 1890, there have been 31 premiers. Mark McGowan is the current premier, having been appointed to the position on 17 March 2017.
1985
1. Quintin Demps, American football player births
  1. Quintin Demps
    
    Quintin Lamon Demps is a former American football safety. He played college football at Texas-El Paso, and was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the fourth round of the 2008 NFL Draft.
1984
1. Aleksandr Shustov, Russian high jumper births
  1. Aleksandr Shustov
    
    Aleksandr Andreyevich Shustov, born 29 June 1984) is a male high jumper from Russia, best known for winning the gold medal in the men's high jump at the 2007 Summer Universiade in Bangkok, Thailand. On 29 July at the 2010 European Athletics Championships in Barcelona, Spain he achieved his personal best and won gold medal.
1983
1. Aundrea Fimbres, American singer-songwriter and dancer births
  1. Aundrea Fimbres
    
    Aundrea Aurora Fimbres is an American singer. She was a member of the pop music group Danity Kane. She is a soprano and was known for her melismatic vocal runs, and falsetto registered harmonies and also for having the highest vocal range of her fellow band members.
2. Jeremy Powers, American cyclist births
  1. Jeremy Powers
    
    Jeremy Powers is an American former professional racing cyclist, who took over 90 UCI victories, four USA Cyclocross national championships, and the 2015 Pan American Championship during his career. He was a presenter for the Global Cycling Network before joining WHOOP.
1982
1. Colin Jost, American comedian births
  1. Colin Jost
    
    Colin Kelly Jost is an American comedian, actor, and writer. He has been a writer for Saturday Night Live (SNL) since 2005 and Weekend Update co-anchor since 2014. He also served as one of the show's co-head writers from 2012 to 2015 and later came back as one of the show's head writers in 2017 until 2022 alongside Michael Che.
2. Dusty Hughes, American baseball player births
  1. Dusty Hughes (baseball)
    
    Dustin Robert "Dusty" Hughes is an American former professional baseball pitcher.
3. Lily Rabe, American actress births
  1. Lily Rabe
    
    Lily Rabe is an American actress. She is best known for her multiple roles on the FX anthology horror series American Horror Story (2011–2021). For her performance as Portia in the Broadway production of The Merchant of Venice, she received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.
4. Pierre Balmain, French fashion designer, founded Balmain (b. 1914) deaths
  1. Pierre Balmain
    
    Pierre Alexandre Claudius Balmain was a French fashion designer and founder of leading post-war fashion house Balmain. Known for sophistication and elegance, he described the art of dressmaking as "the architecture of movement."
  2. Balmain (fashion house)
    
    Pierre Balmain S.A. trading as Balmain, is a French luxury fashion house that was founded by Pierre Balmain in 1945. It operates 16 monobrand stores, including locations in New York City, London, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Miami, and in Milan's Via Montenapoleone.
5. Henry King, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1886) deaths
  1. Henry King (director)
    
    Henry King was an American actor and film director. Widely considered one of the finest and most successful filmmakers of his era, King was nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Director, and directed seven films nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
1981
1. Luke Branighan, Australian rugby league player births
  1. Luke Branighan
    
    Luke Branighan is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s. He played in the National Rugby League for the St George Illawarra Dragons and Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, primarily as a five-eighth.
2. Joe Johnson, American basketball player births
  1. Joe Johnson (basketball)
    
    Joe Marcus Johnson is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Nicknamed "Iso Joe", he played high school basketball for Little Rock Central High School and college basketball for the Arkansas Razorbacks. After two years with Arkansas, he declared for the 2001 NBA draft where he was drafted 10th overall by the Boston Celtics.
3. Nicolás Vuyovich, Argentinian race car driver (d. 2005) births
  1. Nicolás Vuyovich
    
    Nicolás Vuyovich was a sportscar driver from Argentina.
4. Shmuly Yanklowitz, American rabbi, author, and educator births
  1. Shmuly Yanklowitz
    
    Shmuly Yanklowitz is an Orthodox rabbi, activist, and author. In March 2012 and March 2013, Newsweek and The Daily Beast listed Yanklowitz as one of the 50 most influential rabbis in America.
5. Russell Drysdale, English-Australian painter (b. 1912) deaths
  1. Russell Drysdale
    
    Sir George Russell Drysdale, also known as Tass Drysdale, was an Australian artist. He won the prestigious Wynne Prize for Sofala in 1947, and represented Australia at the Venice Biennale in 1954. He was influenced by abstract and surrealist art, and "created a new vision of the Australian scene as revolutionary and influential as that of Tom Roberts".
1980
1. Katherine Jenkins, Welsh soprano and actress births
  1. Katherine Jenkins
    
    Katherine Maria Jenkins is a Welsh singer. She is a mezzo-soprano and performs operatic arias, popular songs, musical theatre, and hymns.
2. Jorge Basadre, Peruvian historian (b. 1903) deaths
  1. Jorge Basadre
    
    Jorge Alfredo Basadre Grohmann was a Peruvian historian known for his extensive publications about the independent history of his country. He served during two different administrations as Minister of Education and was also director of the Peruvian National Library.
1979
1. Matthew Bode, Australian footballer births
  1. Matthew Bode
    
    Matthew Bode is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Port Adelaide Football Club and the Adelaide Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
2. Andy O'Brien, English footballer births
  1. Andy O'Brien (footballer)
    
    Andrew James O'Brien is a former professional footballer who played as a centre-back. Born England, he won 26 caps for Republic of Ireland between 2001 and 2006 and was a member of Ireland's 2002 World Cup squad. He retired from international duty in 2006.
3. Marleen Veldhuis, Dutch swimmer births
  1. Marleen Veldhuis
    
    Magdalena Johanna Maria "Marleen" Veldhuis is a retired swimmer from the Netherlands. She was world record holder in four events. Veldhuis won eight world championships gold medals and 20 European championships gold medals. In the Olympics, she won a bronze medal in London 2012 in the 50 m freestyle, as well as three relay medals: bronze in Athens 2004, gold in Beijing 2008, and silver in London 2012.
4. Lowell George, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1945) deaths
  1. Lowell George
    
    Lowell Thomas George was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer, who was the primary guitarist, vocalist, songwriter and founder/leader for the rock band Little Feat.
1978
1. Nicole Scherzinger, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress births
  1. Nicole Scherzinger
    
    Nicole Scherzinger is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, actress, and television personality. She is best known as the lead singer of the Pussycat Dolls, one of the best-selling girl groups of all time.
2. Bob Crane, American actor (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Bob Crane
    
    Robert Edward Crane was an American actor, drummer, radio personality, and disc jockey known for starring in the CBS situation comedy Hogan's Heroes.
1977
1. Sotiris Liberopoulos, Greek footballer births
  1. Sotiris Liberopoulos
    
    Sotiris Liberopoulos is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
2. Zuleikha Robinson, English actress births
  1. Zuleikha Robinson
    
    Zuleikha Robinson is a British actress. She first came to attention as Yves Adele Harlow, a mysterious thief on the 2001 series The Lone Gunmen. She has appeared in the films Hidalgo (2004), The Merchant of Venice (2004) and The Namesake (2006). Robinson later was a regular cast member on the series Lost (2009–10), the political thriller Homeland (2012) and the drama The Following (2015). In 2019, she joined the cast of Law & Order: SVU for their 21st season, in the recurring role of Assistant District Attorney Vanessa Hadid.
1976
1. Daniel Carlsson, Swedish race car driver births
  1. Daniel Carlsson (rally driver)
    
    Daniel Carlsson is a rally car driver from Sweden.
2. Bret McKenzie, New Zealand comedian, actor, musician, songwriter, and producer births
  1. Bret McKenzie
    
    Bret Peter Tarrant McKenzie is a New Zealand musician, comedian, music supervisor, and actor. He is best known as one half of musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords along with Jemaine Clement. In the 2000s, the duo's comedy and music became the basis of a BBC radio series and then an oft-lauded American television series, which aired for two seasons on HBO. Active since 1998, the duo released their most recent comedy special, Live in London, in 2018.
1975
1. Tim Buckley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947) deaths
  1. Tim Buckley
    
    Timothy Charles Buckley III was an American singer-songwriter. His music and style changed considerably through the years. Buckley began his career based in folk music, but his subsequent albums experimented with jazz, psychedelia, funk, soul, the avant-garde, and an evolving voice-as-instrument sound. He died at the age of 28 from a heroin and morphine overdose, leaving behind sons Taylor and Jeff.
1973
1. George Hincapie, American cyclist births
  1. George Hincapie
    
    George Anthony Hincapie is an American former racing cyclist, who competed professionally between 1994 and 2012. Hincapie was a key domestique of Lance Armstrong. Hincapie was also a domestique for Alberto Contador in 2007 and for Cadel Evans in 2011, when both men won the Tour de France. He was the owner and general manager of UCI Professional Continental team Hincapie–Leomo p/b BMC until it folded at the end of the 2020 season.
1971
1. Matthew Good, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Matthew Good
    
    Matthew Frederick Robert Good is a Canadian musician. He was the lead singer and songwriter for the Matthew Good Band, one of the most successful alternative rock bands in Canada during the 1990s and early 2000s. Since the band disbanded in 2002, Good has pursued a solo career and established himself as a political commentator and mental health activist. Between 1996 and 2016, with sales by Matthew Good Band included, Good was the 25th best-selling Canadian artist in Canada. Good has been nominated for 21 Juno Awards during his career, winning four.
2. Nestor Mesta Chayres, Mexican operatic tenor and bolero vocalist (b. 1908) deaths
  1. Nestor Mesta Chayres
    
    Néstor Mesta Cháyres was an acclaimed tenor in Mexico and a noted interpreter of Spanish songs, boleros and Mexican romantic music on the international concert stage. He was widely commended for his artistic renditions of the works of Agustín Lara and María Grever and was nicknamed "El Gitano de México".
1970
1. Melanie Paschke, German sprinter births
  1. Melanie Paschke
    
    Melanie Paschke is a retired German sprinter, who specialised in the 100 metres, 200 metres and 4 × 100 metres relay.
2. Emily Skinner, American actress and singer births
  1. Emily Skinner (actress, born 1970)
    
    Emily Skinner, also known as Emily Scott Skinner, is a Tony-nominated American stage actor and singer. She has played leading roles in such Broadway productions as Prince of Broadway, The Cher Show, Side Show, Jekyll & Hyde, James Joyce's The Dead, The Full Monty, Dinner at Eight, Billy Elliot, as well as the Actor's Fund Broadway concerts of Dreamgirls and The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas. She has sung on concert stages around the world and on numerous recordings.
1969
1. Claude Béchard, Canadian politician (d. 2010) births
  1. Claude Béchard
    
    Claude Béchard was a politician in Quebec, Canada. He served as Quebec Liberal Party Member of the National Assembly (MNA) for the riding of Kamouraska-Témiscouata in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region; as Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food as well as the Minister for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs, and previously the Minister of Natural Resources and Wildlife, Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment and Parks, Minister of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade and Ministry of Employment and Social Solidarity.
2. Pavlos Dermitzakis, Greek footballer and manager births
  1. Pavlos Dermitzakis
    
    Pavlos Dermitzakis is a Greek professional football manager and former player, who is the current manager of Super League 2 club Panserraikos.
3. Tōru Hashimoto, Japanese lawyer and politician births
  1. Tōru Hashimoto
    
    Tōru Hashimoto is a Japanese TV personality, politician and lawyer. He was the mayor of Osaka city and is a member of Nippon Ishin no Kai and the Osaka Restoration Association. He is one of Japan's leading right-wing Japanese nationalist and conservative-populist politicians.
4. Moise Tshombe, Congolese accountant and politician, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (b. 1919) deaths
  1. Moïse Tshombe
    
    Moïse Kapenda Tshombe was a Congolese businessman and politician. He served as the president of the secessionist State of Katanga from 1960 to 1963 and as prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1964 to 1965.
  2. Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
    
    The Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the head of government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Constitution of the Third Republic grants the Prime Minister a significant amount of power.
1968
1. Brian d'Arcy James, American actor and musician births
  1. Brian d'Arcy James
    
    Brian d'Arcy James is an American actor and musician. He is known primarily for his Broadway roles, including Shrek in Shrek The Musical, Nick Bottom in Something Rotten!, King George III in Hamilton, and the Baker in Into the Woods, and has received three Tony Award nominations for his work. On-screen, he is known for his recurring role as Andy Baker on the Netflix series 13 Reasons Why, Officer Krupke in West Side Story, and reporter Matt Caroll in Spotlight.
2. Theoren Fleury, Canadian ice hockey player births
  1. Theoren Fleury
    
    Theoren Wallace "Theo" Fleury is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, author, and motivational speaker. Fleury played for the Calgary Flames, Colorado Avalanche, New York Rangers, and Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL), Tappara of Finland's SM-liiga, and the Belfast Giants of the UK's Elite Ice Hockey League. He was drafted by the Flames in the 8th round, 166th overall, at the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, and played over 1,000 games in the NHL between 1989 and 2003.
1967
1. Jeff Burton, American race car driver births
  1. Jeff Burton
    
    Jeffrey Tyler Burton, nicknamed The Mayor, is an American former professional stock car racing driver and current racing commentator. He scored 21 career victories in the NASCAR Cup Series, including two Coca-Cola 600s in 1999 and 2001 and the 1999 Southern 500. He currently serves as a color commentator for NBC Sports, having joined them upon their return to their coverage of NASCAR. His son Harrison competes in the NASCAR Cup Series and nephew Jeb Burton currently competes in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, while his brother Ward Burton has also raced in the Cup Series.
2. Melora Hardin, American actress and singer births
  1. Melora Hardin
    
    Melora Hardin is an American actress and singer, known for her roles as Jan Levinson on NBC's The Office and Trudy Monk on USA Network's Monk, and Tammy Cashman on Amazon Prime Video's Transparent, for which she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. Hardin starred as magazine editor-in-chief Jacqueline Carlyle on the Freeform comedy-drama The Bold Type, which aired from June 2017 to June 2021.
3. Seamus McGarvey, Northern Irish cinematographer births
  1. Seamus McGarvey
    
    Seamus McGarvey, ASC, BSC is a cinematographer from Armagh, Northern Ireland. He lives in Tuscany, Italy.
4. Primo Carnera, Italian boxer and actor (b. 1906) deaths
  1. Primo Carnera
    
    Primo Carnera, nicknamed the Ambling Alp, was an Italian professional boxer and wrestler who reigned as the boxing World Heavyweight Champion from 29 June 1933 to 14 June 1934. He won more fights by knockout than any other heavyweight champion in boxing history.
5. Jayne Mansfield, American actress (b. 1933) deaths
  1. Jayne Mansfield
    
    Jayne Mansfield was an American actress, singer, nightclub entertainer, and Playboy Playmate. A sex symbol of the 1950s and early 1960s while under contract at 20th Century Fox, Mansfield was known for her well-publicized personal life and publicity stunts. Her film career was short-lived, but she had several box-office successes and won a Theatre World Award and a Golden Globe Award.
1966
1. Yoko Kamio, Japanese author and comic artist births
  1. Yoko Kamio
    
    Yōko Kamio is a Japanese manga artist and writer. Her best known series Boys Over Flowers , for which she received the Shogakukan Manga Award in 1996, is one of the best-selling manga series of all time and the best-selling shōjo manga. Her work has been translated and distributed in Asia, Europe, and North America.
1965
1. Tripp Eisen, American guitarist births
  1. Tripp Eisen
    
    Tod Rex Salvador, known professionally as Tripp Eisen, is an American musician best known as the former guitarist of industrial metal band Static-X. He is the current guitarist for the band Face Without Fear, and a former member of Dope, Murderdolls, and Roughhouse.
2. Paul Jarvis, English cricketer births
  1. Paul Jarvis
    
    Paul William Jarvis is a former English cricketer, who played in nine Tests and sixteen ODIs for England from 1988 to 1993.
1964
1. Stedman Pearson, English singer-songwriter and dancer births
  1. Stedman Pearson
    
    Stedman Pearson is an English singer and dancer, most notable for being a member of the pop group Five Star with his four siblings.
2. Eric Dolphy, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1928) deaths
  1. Eric Dolphy
    
    Eric Allan Dolphy Jr. was an American jazz alto saxophonist, bass clarinetist and flautist. On a few occasions, he also played the clarinet and piccolo. Dolphy was one of several multi-instrumentalists to gain prominence in the same era. His use of the bass clarinet helped to establish the instrument within jazz. Dolphy extended the vocabulary and boundaries of the alto saxophone, and was among the earliest significant jazz flute soloists.
1963
1. Anne-Sophie Mutter, German violinist births
  1. Anne-Sophie Mutter
    
    Anne-Sophie Mutter is a German violinist. She was supported early in her career by Herbert von Karajan. As an advocate of contemporary music, she has had several works composed especially for her, by Sebastian Currier, Henri Dutilleux, Sofia Gubaidulina, Witold Lutosławski, Norbert Moret, Krzysztof Penderecki, André Previn, Wolfgang Rihm, John Williams and others. Since her orchestral debut with the Berlin Philharmonic in 1977, Mutter has performed as a prominent soloist with numerous leading orchestras worldwide.
2. Judith Hoag, American actress and educator births
  1. Judith Hoag
    
    Judith Hoag is an American actress. She is best known for playing April O'Neil in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990) and Gwen Cromwell Piper in the Disney Channel television film series Halloweentown, from 1998 to 2006.
1962
1. Amanda Donohoe, English actress births
  1. Amanda Donohoe
    
    Amanda Donohoe is an English actress. She first came to attention as a 16-year-old living with pop singer Adam Ant, appearing in the music videos for the Adam and the Ants singles "Antmusic" (1980) and "Stand and Deliver" (1981) during their four-year relationship. She later moved to the United States, where she appeared in films and on television series, including a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress-winning performance during her two years (1990–92) as C.J. Lamb on the NBC drama series L.A. Law. Other television roles include Natasha Wylde on the British soap opera Emmerdale (2009–10). She has had numerous stage roles, including Yelena in Uncle Vanya.
2. Joan Laporta, Spanish lawyer and politician births
  1. Joan Laporta
    
    Joan Laporta Estruch is a Spanish politician and current president of FC Barcelona.
3. George D. Zamka, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut births
  1. George D. Zamka
    
    George David "Zambo" Zamka is a former NASA astronaut and United States Marine Corps pilot with over 3500 flight hours in more than 30 different aircraft. Zamka piloted the Space Shuttle Discovery in its October 2007 mission to the International Space Station and served as the commander of mission STS-130 in February 2010.
4. Charles Lyon Chandler, American historian (b. 1883) deaths
  1. Charles Lyon Chandler
    
    Charles Lyon Chandler was an American consul and historian of Latin America–United States relations. A Harvard graduate who came to South America in the Consular Service, he became a student and proponent of Pan-Americanism. His pioneering 1915 book Inter-American Acquaintances proposed a new, Pan-American origin for the Monroe Doctrine. After being denied a permanent diplomatic appointment he worked for the Southern Railway and the Corn Exchange Bank; at the same time he became a respected independent scholar who helped found the Hispanic American Historical Review. Beside many articles on early inter-American relations, he co-authored an unpublished biography of Joel Roberts Poinsett. During World War II he worked in Brazil for the U.S. government, and before retirement he taught at Haverford, Georgetown and Ursinus.
1961
1. Sharon Lawrence, American actress, singer, and dancer births
  1. Sharon Lawrence
    
    Sharon Elizabeth Lawrence is an American actress who played Sylvia Costas Sipowicz in the ABC drama series NYPD Blue. The role garnered her three Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.
1960
1. Frank Patrick, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1885) deaths
  1. Frank Patrick (ice hockey)
    
    Francis Alexis Patrick was a Canadian professional ice hockey player, head coach and manager. Raised in Montreal, Patrick moved to British Columbia with his family in 1907 to establish a lumber company. The family sold the company in 1910 and used the proceeds to establish the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), the first major professional hockey league in the West. Patrick, who also served as president of the league, would take control of the Vancouver Millionaires, serving as a player, coach, and manager of the team. It was in the PCHA that Patrick would introduce many innovations to hockey that remain today, including uniform numbers, the blue line, the penalty shot, among others. His Millionaires won the Stanley Cup in 1915, the first team west of Manitoba to do so, and played for the Cup again in 1918.
1958
1. Dieter Althaus, German politician births
  1. Dieter Althaus
    
    Dieter Althaus is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). He served as the 3rd Minister President of Thuringia from 2003 to 2009. In 2003/04 he was the 58th President of the Bundesrat.
2. Rosa Mota, Portuguese runner births
  1. Rosa Mota
    
    Rosa Maria Correia dos Santos Mota, GCIH, GCM is a Portuguese former marathon runner, one of her country's foremost athletes, being the first sportswoman from Portugal to win Olympic gold. Mota was the first woman to win multiple Olympic marathon medals as well as being the only woman to be the reigning European, World, and Olympic champion at the same time. On the 30th Anniversary Gala of the Association of International Marathons and Distance Races (AIMS) she was distinguished as the greatest female marathon runner of all time.
1957
1. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, Turkmen dentist and politician, 2nd President of Turkmenistan births
  1. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
    
    Gurbanguly Mälikgulyýewiç Berdimuhamedow, also known as Arkadag, is a Turkmen politician who served as the second president of Turkmenistan from 2006 to 2022.
  2. President of Turkmenistan
    
    The president of Turkmenistan, officially the president and chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan, is the head of state and head of government of Turkmenistan. The president is also the supreme commander in chief of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan and heads the State Security Council.
2. María Conchita Alonso, Cuban-Venezuelan singer and actress births
  1. María Conchita Alonso
    
    María Concepción Alonso Bustillo, better known as María Conchita Alonso, is a singer, actress and former beauty queen.
3. Robert Forster, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Robert Forster (musician)
    
    Robert Derwent Garth Forster is an Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist and music critic. In December 1977 he co-founded an indie rock group, The Go-Betweens, with fellow musician Grant McLennan. In 1980, Lindy Morrison joined the group on drums and backing vocals, and by 1981 Forster and Morrison were also lovers. In 1988, Streets of Your Town, co-written by McLennan and Forster, became the band's highest-charting hit in both Australia and the United Kingdom. The follow-up single, "Was There Anything I Could Do?", was a number-16 hit on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart in the United States. In December 1989, after recording six albums, The Go-Betweens disbanded. Forster and Morrison had separated as a couple earlier, and Forster began his solo music career from 1990.
4. Michael Nutter, American politician, 98th Mayor of Philadelphia births
  1. Michael Nutter
    
    Michael Anthony Nutter is an American politician who served as the 98th Mayor of Philadelphia. Elected on November 6, 2007, he was reelected to a second term on November 8, 2011. He is a previous member of the Philadelphia City Council from the 4th district and had served as the 52nd Ward Democratic Leader until 1990. Mayor Nutter also served as the President of the United States Conference of Mayors from June 2012 to June 2013. He received an honorary doctorate in public service from Saint Joseph's University in 2015. Nutter is a former member of the Homeland Security Advisory Council.
  2. Mayor of Philadelphia
    
    The mayor of Philadelphia is the chief executive of the government of Philadelphia, as stipulated by the Charter of the City of Philadelphia. The current mayor of Philadelphia is Jim Kenney.
5. Terry Wyatt, English physicist and academic births
  1. Terry Wyatt
    
    Terence Richard Wyatt is a Professor in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester, UK.
1956
1. Nick Fry, English economist and businessman births
  1. Nick Fry
    
    Nicholas Richard Fry is the former Chief Executive Officer of the Mercedes AMG Petronas Formula One Team, having previously served in similar roles at previous incarnations of the company.
2. David Burroughs Mattingly, American illustrator and painter births
  1. David B. Mattingly
    
    David Burroughs Mattingly is an American illustrator and painter, best known for his numerous book covers of science fiction and fantasy literature.
3. Pedro Guerrero, Dominican-American baseball player and manager births
  1. Pedro Guerrero (first baseman/outfielder)
    
    Pedro Guerrero is a Dominican former professional baseball player. He played fifteen seasons in Major League Baseball from 1978 to 1992 with the Los Angeles Dodgers and St. Louis Cardinals.
4. Pedro Santana Lopes, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 118th Prime Minister of Portugal births
  1. Pedro Santana Lopes
    
    Pedro Miguel de Santana Lopes GCC is a Portuguese lawyer and politician, who is the current president of the Municipal Chamber of Figueira da Foz. He most notably served as prime minister of Portugal from 2004 to 2005.
  2. Prime Minister of Portugal
    
    The prime minister of Portugal is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, is accountable to parliament and keeps the president informed. The prime minister can hold the role of head of government with the portfolio of one or more ministries.
5. Pyotr Vasilevsky, Belarusian footballer and manager (d. 2012) births
  1. Pyotr Vasilevsky
    
    Pyotr Petrovich Vasilevsky was a Belarusian football manager and former player. He worked in a building security company until his death.
1955
1. Charles J. Precourt, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut births
  1. Charles J. Precourt
    
    Charles Joseph Precourt is a retired NASA astronaut. His career in flight began at an early age, and spans his entire lifetime. He served in the US Air Force, piloted numerous jet aircraft, and piloted and commanded the Space Shuttle. Notably, he piloted or commanded several missions which involved docking with the Russian Mir space station and was heavily involved in Russian/US Space relations as well as the International Space Station collaboration. He also served as Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1998 to 2002. He retired from the USAF with the rank of colonel.
2. Max Pechstein, German painter and academic (b. 1881) deaths
  1. Max Pechstein
    
    Hermann Max Pechstein was a German expressionist painter and printmaker and a member of the Die Brücke group. He fought on the Western Front during World War I and his art was classified as Degenerate Art by the Nazis. More than 300 paintings were removed from German Museums during the Nazi era.
1954
1. Rick Honeycutt, American baseball player and coach births
  1. Rick Honeycutt
    
    Frederick Wayne Honeycutt is an American former professional baseball coach and pitcher. Honeycutt pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) for six different teams over 21 years, from 1977 to 1997. He pitched in 30 post-season games, including 20 League Championship Series games and seven World Series games, and never lost a game, going 3-0. Honeycutt gave up no runs in the 1988 and 1990 post-seasons, and was a member of the Oakland Athletics' 1989 World Series championship team. He was also the pitching coach for the Los Angeles Dodgers from 2006 through 2019.
2. Léo Júnior, Brazilian footballer, coach, and manager births
  1. Léo Júnior
    
    Leovegildo Lins da Gama Júnior, also known as Léo Júnior or simply Júnior, is a Brazilian football pundit and retired footballer who played as a left back or midfielder. He was nicknamed "capacete" because of his afro hairstyle.
1953
1. Don Dokken, American singer-songwriter and guitarist births
  1. Don Dokken
    
    Donald Maynard Dokken is an American singer and musician. He's best known for being the lead singer, occasional guitarist, and founder of the glam metal band Dokken. He is known for his vibrato-laden, melodic vocal style which has made him an influential figure in American heavy metal/glam metal.
2. Colin Hay, Scottish-Australian singer and guitarist births
  1. Colin Hay
    
    Colin James Hay is a Scottish-Australian musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. He came to prominence as the lead vocalist and the sole continuous member of the band Men at Work, and later as a solo artist. Hay's music has been used frequently by actor and director Zach Braff in his work, which helped a career rebirth in the mid-2000s. Hay has also been a member of Ringo Starr's Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band.
1951
1. Craig Sager, American sportscaster (d. 2016) births
  1. Craig Sager
    
    Craig Graham Sager was an American sports reporter who covered an array of sports for CNN and its sister stations TBS and TNT, from 1981 until the year he died.
1950
1. Bobby London, American illustrator births
  1. Bobby London
    
    Robert "Bobby" London is an American underground comix and mainstream comics artist. His style evokes the work of early American cartoonists like George Herriman and Elzie Crisler Segar.
2. Don Moen, American singer and songwriter births
  1. Don Moen
    
    Donald James Moen is an American singer, pianist, and songwriter of Christian worship music.
1949
1. Dan Dierdorf, American football player and sportscaster births
  1. Dan Dierdorf
    
    Daniel Lee Dierdorf is an American sportscaster and former football offensive tackle.
2. Joan Clos, Spanish anesthesiologist and politician, 116th Mayor of Barcelona births
  1. Joan Clos
    
    Joan Clos i Matheu, GCIH is a Spanish politician who was mayor of Barcelona, Spain from September 1997 to September 2006. He took over from Pasqual Maragall in 1997. In 1999 he was elected to a four-year term, and was then re-elected in the municipal elections of 25 May 2003. In September 2006, he left Barcelona Town Hall, after nine years of office, as he was appointed Minister of Industry, Tourism and Trade by Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. After a stint as the Spanish Ambassador in Turkey and Azerbaijan, in 2010 he was appointed as Executive Director of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, (UN-HABITAT), and Under Secretary General of the United Nations. Joan Clos is also president of the Spanish Chapter of The International Real Estate Federation (FIABCI).
  2. List of mayors of Barcelona
    
    This is a list of mayors of Barcelona since 1916.
3. Ann Veneman, American lawyer and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Agriculture births
  1. Ann Veneman
    
    Ann Margaret Veneman is an American attorney who served as the fifth executive director of UNICEF from 2005 to 2010. She previously served as the 27th United States Secretary of Agriculture from 2001 to 2005, and was the first, and to date the only, woman to hold that post. Veneman served for the entire first term of President George W. Bush, and she left to take the UNICEF position. Appointed by the U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan on January 18, 2005, she took over the post on May 1, 2005. A lawyer, Veneman has practiced law in Washington, DC and California, including being a deputy public defender. She has also served in other high level positions in U.S. federal and state government, including being appointed California's Secretary of Food and Agriculture, serving from 1995 to 1999.
  2. United States Secretary of Agriculture
    
    The United States secretary of agriculture is the head of the United States Department of Agriculture. The position carries similar responsibilities to those of agriculture ministers in other governments.
4. Themistoklis Sofoulis, Greek politician, 115th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1860) deaths
  1. Themistoklis Sofoulis
    
    Themistoklis Sofoulis or Sophoulis was a prominent centrist and liberal Greek politician from Samos Island, who served three times as Prime Minister of Greece, with the Liberal Party, which he led for many years.
  2. List of prime ministers of Greece
    
    This is a list of the heads of government of the modern Greek state, from its establishment during the Greek Revolution to the present day. Although various official and semi-official appellations were used during the early decades of independent statehood, the title of prime minister has been the formal designation of the office at least since 1843. On dates, Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923. All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.
1948
1. Sean Bergin, South African-Dutch saxophonist and flute player (d. 2012) births
  1. Sean Bergin
    
    Sean Bergin was an avant-garde jazz saxophonist and flautist from South Africa.
2. Fred Grandy, American actor and politician births
  1. Fred Grandy
    
    Fredrick Lawrence Grandy is an American actor who played "Gopher" on the sitcom The Love Boat and who later became a member of the United States House of Representatives from the state of Iowa. Grandy was most recently the host of The Grandy Group, a morning drive time radio talk show on 630 WMAL in Washington, D.C.
3. Ian Paice, English drummer, songwriter, and producer births
  1. Ian Paice
    
    Ian Anderson Paice is an English musician, best known as the drummer and last remaining original member of the rock band Deep Purple. He is often cited as one of the greatest drummers of all-time. He remains the only member of Deep Purple who has served in every line-up since the band’s inception in 1968, as well as having played on every album and at every live appearance.
4. Usha Prashar, Baroness Prashar, Kenyan-English politician births
  1. Usha Prashar, Baroness Prashar
    
    Usha Kumari Prashar, Baroness Prashar, is a British politician and a crossbench member of the House of Lords. Since the 1970s, she has served as a director or chair of a variety of public and private sector organisations. She became the first chair of the Judicial Appointments Commission upon its creation in April 2006.
1947
1. Richard Lewis, American actor and screenwriter births
  1. Richard Lewis (comedian)
    
    Richard Philip Lewis is an American stand-up comedian and actor.
1946
1. Ernesto Pérez Balladares, Panamanian politician, 33rd President of Panama births
  1. Ernesto Pérez Balladares
    
    Ernesto Pérez Balladares González-Revilla, nicknamed El Toro, is a Panamanian politician who was the President of Panama between 1994 and 1999.
  2. List of heads of state of Panama
    
    This article lists the heads of state of Panama since the short-lived first independence from the Republic of New Granada in 1840 and the final separation from Colombia in 1903.
2. Egon von Fürstenberg, Swiss fashion designer (d. 2004) births
  1. Prince Egon von Fürstenberg
    
    Prince Egon von Fürstenberg was a socialite, banker, fashion and interior designer, and a member of the German princely family of Fürstenberg.
1945
1. Chandrika Kumaratunga, Sri Lankan journalist and politician, 5th President of Sri Lanka births
  1. Chandrika Kumaratunga
    
    Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga is a Sri Lankan politician who served as the fifth President of Sri Lanka, from 12 November 1994 to 19 November 2005. The country's first and only female president to date and the country's second female prime minister. She is the daughter of two former prime ministers and was the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) until the end of 2005.
  2. President of Sri Lanka
    
    The President of Sri Lanka is the head of state and head of government of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The president is the chief executive of the union government and the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces.
1944
1. Gary Busey, American actor births
  1. Gary Busey
    
    Gary Busey ( is an American actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Buddy Holly in The Buddy Holly Story, for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor. His other starring roles include A Star is Born, D.C. Cab, Silver Bullet, Lethal Weapon, Predator 2, Point Break, Under Siege, Rookie of the Year, The Firm, Black Sheep, and Lost Highway.
2. Andreu Mas-Colell, Spanish economist, academic, and politician births
  1. Andreu Mas-Colell
    
    Andreu Mas-Colell is an economist, an expert in microeconomics and a prominent mathematical economist. He is the founder of the Barcelona Graduate School of Economics and a professor in the department of economics at Pompeu Fabra University in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. He has also served several times in the cabinet of the Catalan government. Summarizing his and others' research in general equilibrium theory, his monograph gave a thorough exposition of research using differential topology. His textbook on microeconomics, co-authored with Michael Whinston and Jerry Green, is the most used graduate microeconomics textbook in the world.
3. Seán Patrick O'Malley, American cardinal births
  1. Seán Patrick O'Malley
    
    Seán Patrick O'Malley is an American cardinal of the Catholic Church serving as the archbishop of Boston. He is a member of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin and was elevated to the rank of cardinal in 2006.
1943
1. Little Eva, American singer (d. 2003) births
  1. Little Eva
    
    Eva Narcissus Boyd, known by the stage name of Little Eva, was an American singer, well known for her 1962 hit "The Loco-Motion". Although some sources claim that her stage name was inspired by a character from the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, she stated in an interview that she was named after her aunt, which prompted her family to call her "Little Eva".
2. Louis Nicollin, French entrepreneur and chairman of Montpellier HSC (d. 2017) births
  1. Louis Nicollin
    
    Louis Nicollin was a French entrepreneur and director of the Nicollin Company, which specializes in the collection and reprocessing of household and industrial waste. Nicollin notably served as chairman of Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, a football team, from 1974 to his death.
  2. Montpellier HSC
    
    Montpellier Hérault Sport Club, commonly referred to as Montpellier HSC or simply Montpellier, is a French professional football club based in the city of Montpellier in Occitanie. The original club was founded in 1919, while the current incarnation was founded through a merger in 1974. Montpellier currently plays in Ligue 1, the top level of French football and plays its home matches at the Stade de la Mosson, located within the city. The first team is managed by Olivier Dall'Oglio and captained by Teji Savanier.
1942
1. Charlotte Bingham, English author and screenwriter births
  1. Charlotte Bingham
    
    The Hon. Charlotte Bingham is an English novelist who has written over 30 mainly historical romance novels and has also written for many television programmes including Upstairs, Downstairs; Play for Today; and Robin's Nest. In her television work, she often worked with her husband, Terence Brady.
2. Mike Willesee, Australian journalist and producer (d. 2019) births
  1. Mike Willesee
    
    Michael Robert Willesee, was an Australian television journalist, interviewer and presenter.
3. Paul Troje, German politician, Mayor of Marburg (b. 1864) deaths
  1. Paul Troje
    
    Paul Troje was a German politician and from 1893 to 1907 the mayor of Einbeck and from 24 August 1907 until 30 September 1924 mayor of Marburg.
  2. List of mayors of Marburg
    
    This is a list of all the mayors of Marburg in Germany since 1835.
1941
1. John Boccabella, American baseball player births
  1. John Boccabella
    
    John Dominic Boccabella is an American former professional baseball player. He played as a catcher and first baseman in Major League Baseball from 1963 to 1974 with the Chicago Cubs, Montreal Expos and San Francisco Giants.
2. Stokely Carmichael, Trinidadian-American activist (d. 1998) births
  1. Stokely Carmichael
    
    Kwame Ture was a prominent organizer in the civil rights movement in the United States and the global pan-African movement. Born in Trinidad, he grew up in the United States from the age of 11 and became an activist while attending the Bronx High School of Science. He was a key leader in the development of the Black Power movement, first while leading the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), then as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party (BPP), and last as a leader of the All-African People's Revolutionary Party (A-APRP).
3. Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist, composer, and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1860) deaths
  1. Ignacy Jan Paderewski
    
    Ignacy Jan Paderewski was a Polish pianist and composer who became a spokesman for Polish independence. In 1919, he was the new nation's Prime Minister and foreign minister during which he signed the Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I.
  2. Prime Minister of Poland
    
    The President of the Council of Ministers, colloquially referred to as the prime minister, is the head of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibilities and traditions of the office stem from the creation of the contemporary Polish state, and the office is defined in the Constitution of 1997. According to the Constitution, the president nominates and appoints the prime minister, who will then propose the composition of the Cabinet. Fourteen days following their appointment, the prime minister must submit a programme outlining the government's agenda to the Sejm, requiring a vote of confidence. Conflicts stemming from both interest and powers have arisen between the offices of President and Prime Minister in the past.
1940
1. Vyacheslav Artyomov, Russian composer births
  1. Vyacheslav Artyomov
    
    Vyacheslav Petrovich Artyomov is a Russian and Soviet composer.
2. John Dawes, Welsh rugby player and coach (d. 2021) births
  1. John Dawes
    
    Sydney John Dawes was a Welsh rugby union player, playing at centre, and later coach. He captained London Welsh, Wales, the 1971 British Lions and the Barbarians. He is credited with being a major influence in these teams' success, and in the attractive, attacking, free-flowing rugby they played. Dawes also had considerable success as a coach with Wales, and coached the 1977 British Lions. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1972 New Year Honours List for services as Lions captain.
3. Paul Klee, Swiss painter and illustrator (b. 1879) deaths
  1. Paul Klee
    
    Paul Klee was a Swiss-born German artist. His highly individual style was influenced by movements in art that included expressionism, cubism, and surrealism. Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented with and eventually deeply explored color theory, writing about it extensively; his lectures Writings on Form and Design Theory, published in English as the Paul Klee Notebooks, are held to be as important for modern art as Leonardo da Vinci's A Treatise on Painting was for the Renaissance. He and his colleague, Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky, both taught at the Bauhaus school of art, design and architecture in Germany. His works reflect his dry humor and his sometimes childlike perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his musicality.
1939
1. Alan Connolly, Australian cricketer births
  1. Alan Connolly (cricketer)
    
    Alan Norman Connolly is a former Australian cricketer who played in 29 Tests and one ODI from 1963 to 1971.
2. Amarildo Tavares da Silveira, Brazilian footballer and coach births
  1. Amarildo (footballer, born 1939)
    
    Amarildo Tavares da Silveira, also known as Amarildo, is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a striker.
1936
1. Harmon Killebrew, American baseball player (d. 2011) births
  1. Harmon Killebrew
    
    Harmon Clayton Killebrew Jr., nicknamed "The Killer" and "Hammerin' Harmon", was an American professional baseball first baseman, third baseman, and left fielder. He was a prolific power hitter who spent most of his 22-year career in Major League Baseball with the Minnesota Twins. At the time of his retirement Killebrew had the fifth-most home runs in major league history. He was second only to Babe Ruth in American League (AL) home runs, and was the AL career leader in home runs by a right-handed batter. Killebrew was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1984.
2. János Szlepecz, Slovene priest and missionary (b. 1872) deaths
  1. János Szlepecz
    
    János Szlepecz was a Slovene Roman Catholic priest, dean, and writer. He wrote in the Prekmurje Slovene dialect and also in Hungarian.
1935
1. Vassilis C. Constantakopoulos, Greek captain and businessman (d. 2011) births
  1. Vassilis C. Constantakopoulos
    
    Vassilis C. Constantakopoulos was a Greek captain, shipowner and entrepreneur.
2. Katsuya Nomura, Japanese baseball player and manager births
  1. Katsuya Nomura
    
    Katsuya Nomura was a Japanese Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) catcher and manager. During his over 26-season playing career mostly spent with the Nankai Hawks, he became one of NPB's greatest offensive catchers. He was awarded the Pacific League MVP Award five times, became the first NPB batter to win the Triple Crown in 1965, and holds the record for second-most home runs and RBIs in NPB history.
3. Jack O'Neill, Irish-American baseball player and manager (b. 1873) deaths
  1. Jack O'Neill (baseball)
    
    John Joseph "Jack" O'Neill was catcher in Major League Baseball who played for the St. Louis Cardinals (1902–03), Chicago Cubs (1904–05) and Boston Beaneaters (1906). He batted and threw right-handed.
1934
1. Corey Allen, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2010) births
  1. Corey Allen
    
    Corey Allen was an American film and television director, writer, producer, and actor. He began his career as an actor but eventually became a television director. He is best known for playing the character Buzz Gunderson in Nicholas Ray's Rebel Without a Cause (1955). He is the son of Carl Cohen.
1933
1. Bob Shaw, American baseball player and manager (d. 2010) births
  1. Bob Shaw (baseball)
    
    Robert John Shaw was an American professional baseball player. A right-handed pitcher, he played in Major League Baseball on seven teams for 11 seasons, from 1957 to 1967. In 1962, he was a National League (NL) All-Star player. In 1966, he led all National League pitchers with a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage.
2. John Bradshaw, American theologian and author (d. 2016) births
  1. John Bradshaw (author)
    
    John Elliot Bradshaw was an American educator, counselor, motivational speaker, and author who hosted a number of PBS television programs on topics such as addiction, recovery, codependency, and spirituality. Bradshaw was active in the self-help movement, and was credited with popularizing such ideas as the "wounded inner child" and the dysfunctional family. In promotional materials, interviews, and reviews of his work, he was often referred to as a theologian.
3. Roscoe Arbuckle, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1887) deaths
  1. Roscoe Arbuckle
    
    Roscoe Conkling "Fatty" Arbuckle was an American silent film actor, comedian, director, and screenwriter. He started at the Selig Polyscope Company and eventually moved to Keystone Studios, where he worked with Mabel Normand and Harold Lloyd as well as with his nephew, Al St. John. He also mentored Charlie Chaplin, Monty Banks and Bob Hope, and brought vaudeville star Buster Keaton into the movie business. Arbuckle was one of the most popular silent stars of the 1910s and one of the highest-paid actors in Hollywood, signing a contract in 1920 with Paramount Pictures for $14,000.
1932
1. Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton, British jurist; Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland births
  1. Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton
    
    James Brian Edward Hutton, Baron Hutton, PC QC was a British Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland and Lord of Appeal in Ordinary.
  2. Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland
    
    The Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland is a judge who is the appointed official holding office as President of the Courts of Northern Ireland and is head of the Judiciary of Northern Ireland. The present Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland is Dame Siobhan Keegan. Her counterpart in England and Wales is the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, and in Scotland her equivalent is the Lord President of the Court of Session. The position was established with the creation of Northern Ireland in 1922, and was preceded by the position of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland prior to the partition of Ireland.
1931
1. Sevim Burak, Turkish author (d. 1983) births
  1. Sevim Burak
    
    Zeliha Sevim Burak was a Turkish author and playwright.
2. Nérée Beauchemin, Canadian poet and physician (b. 1850) deaths
  1. Nérée Beauchemin
    
    Charles-Nérée Beauchemin was a French Canadian regionalist poet and physician from Yamachiche, near Trois-Rivières, Quebec. He was part of Quebec's Le Terroir school of poetry.
1930
1. Ernst Albrecht, German economist and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Lower Saxony (d. 2014) births
  1. Ernst Albrecht (politician, born 1930)
    
    Ernst Carl Julius Albrecht was a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union and a former high-ranking European civil servant. He was one of the first European civil servants appointed in 1958 and served as Director-General of the Directorate-General for Competition from 1967 to 1970. He served as Minister President of the state of Lower Saxony from 1976 to 1990. He was the father of the politician Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Commission.
  2. Minister-President of Lower Saxony
    
    The Minister-President of Lower Saxony, also referred to as Premier or Prime Minister, is the head of government of the German state of Lower Saxony. The position was created in 1946, when the states of Brunswick, Oldenburg, Schaumburg-Lippe and the State of Hanover were merged to form the state of Lower Saxony. The current Minister President is Stephan Weil, heading a coalition government between the Social Democrats and the CDU. Weil succeeded David McAllister following the 2013 state election.
2. Robert Evans, American actor and producer (d. 2019) births
  1. Robert Evans
    
    Robert Evans was an American film producer, studio executive, and actor, best known for his work on Rosemary's Baby, Love Story, The Godfather, and Chinatown.
3. Viola Léger, American-Canadian actress and politician births
  1. Viola Léger
    
    Viola Léger, is an American-Canadian actress and former Canadian Senator.
4. Sławomir Mrożek, Polish-French author and playwright (d. 2013) births
  1. Sławomir Mrożek
    
    Sławomir Mrożek was a Polish dramatist, writer and cartoonist.
1929
1. Pat Crawford Brown, American actress (d. 2019) births
  1. Pat Crawford Brown
    
    Pat Crawford Brown was an American actress.
2. Pete George, American weightlifter (d. 2021) births
  1. Pete George
    
    Peter T. George was an American weightlifter and Olympic and World champion. He was later an assistant professor of stomatology. Because of his ethnic origin, and despite the long list of Bulgarian weightlifters with Olympic medals, he was the first Bulgarian to win Olympic gold.
3. Oriana Fallaci, Italian journalist and author (d. 2006) births
  1. Oriana Fallaci
    
    Oriana Fallaci was an Italian journalist and author. A partisan during World War II, she had a long and successful journalistic career. Fallaci became famous worldwide for her coverage of war and revolution, and her "long, aggressive and revealing interviews" with many world leaders during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s.
1928
1. Ian Bannen, Scottish actor (d. 1999) births
  1. Ian Bannen
    
    Ian Edmund Bannen was a Scottish actor with a long career in film, on stage, and on television. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his performance in The Flight of the Phoenix (1965), the first Scottish actor to receive the honour, as well as two BAFTA Film Awards for his performances in Sidney Lumet's The Offence (1973) and John Boorman's Hope and Glory (1987).
2. Jean-Louis Pesch, French author and illustrator births
  1. Jean-Louis Pesch
    
    Jean Louis Pesch, from his real name Jean-Louis Poisson, is a French author of comics series, including Sylvain et Sylvette.
3. Radius Prawiro, Indonesian economist and politician (d. 2005) births
  1. Radius Prawiro
    
    Dr. Radius Prawiro, Drs.ec., AK was an Indonesian economist and politician.
1927
1. Pierre Perrault, Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 1999) births
  1. Pierre Perrault
    
    Pierre Perrault was a Québécois documentary film director. He directed 20 films between 1963 and 1996. He was one of the most important filmmakers in Canada, although largely unknown outside of Québec. In 1994 he was awarded the Prix Albert-Tessier. Pour la suite du monde (1963), The Times That Are (1967), and The River Schooners (1968) make up his critically acclaimed L'Isle-aux-Coudres Trilogy. His film La bête lumineuse (1982) screened in the Un Certain Regard section of the 36th Cannes Film Festival.
2. Marie Thérèse Killens, Canadian politician births
  1. Marie Thérèse Killens
    
    Marie Thérèse Rollande Killens is a former Canadian politician who served as a Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada. She is an administrator by career.
1926
1. Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah, Kuwaiti ruler, 3rd Emir of Kuwait (d. 2006) births
  1. Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah
    
    Sheikh Jaber al-Ahmad Al-Sabah was Emir of Kuwait and Commander of the Kuwait Military Forces from 31 December 1977 until his death in 2006.
  2. Emir of Kuwait
    
    The Emir of the State of Kuwait is the monarch and head of state of Kuwait, the country's most powerful office. The emirs of Kuwait are members of the Al Sabah dynasty.
2. Julius W. Becton, Jr., U.S lieutenant general births
  1. Julius W. Becton Jr.
    
    Julius Wesley Becton Jr. is a retired United States Army lieutenant general, former director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and education administrator. He served as Commanding General, VII Corps in 1978 and as Deputy Commanding General for Training of the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) in 1981. He retired in 1983.
3. Roger Stuart Bacon, Nova Scotia politician births
  1. Roger Stuart Bacon
    
    Roger Stuart Bacon was a Canadian politician who served as the 21st premier of Nova Scotia from 1990 to 1991.
4. Bobby Morgan, American professional baseball player births
  1. Bobby Morgan (baseball)
    
    Robert Morris "Bobby" Morgan is an American former professional baseball infielder. He played eight seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) between 1950 and 1958 for the Brooklyn Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, and Chicago Cubs.
1925
1. Francis S. Currey, American World War II Medal of Honor recipient (d. 2019) births
  1. Francis S. Currey
    
    Francis Sherman Currey was a United States Army technical sergeant and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration for valor, the Medal of Honor, for his heroic actions during the Battle of the Bulge in World War II.
2. Giorgio Napolitano, Italian journalist and politician, 11th President of Italy births
  1. Giorgio Napolitano
    
    Giorgio Napolitano is an Italian politician who served as president of Italy from 2006 to 2015, the first Italian president to be re-elected to the presidency. Due to his dominant position in Italian politics, some critics have sometimes referred to him as Re Giorgio. In office from 2006 to 2015, he is the longest-serving and longest-lived president in the history of the modern Italian Republic, which has been in existence since 1946.
  2. President of Italy
    
    The president of Italy, officially denoted as president of the Italian Republic is the head of state of Italy. In that role, the president represents national unity, and guarantees that Italian politics comply with the Constitution. The president is the commander-in-chief of the Italian Armed Forces and chairs the High Council of the Judiciary. A president's term of office lasts for seven years. The incumbent president is former constitutional judge Sergio Mattarella, who was elected on 31 January 2015, and re-elected on 29 January 2022.
3. Chan Parker, American dancer and author (d. 1999) births
  1. Chan Parker
    
    Chan Woods, was a common-law wife of jazz musician Charlie Parker. She later married musician Phil Woods.
4. Jackie Lynn Taylor, American actress (d. 2014) births
  1. Jackie Lynn Taylor
    
    Jacqueline Devon Taylor Fries, professionally known as Jackie Lynn Taylor, was an American child actress.
5. Cara Williams, American actress (d. 2021) births
  1. Cara Williams
    
    Cara Williams was an American film and television actress. She was best known for her role as Billy's Mother in The Defiant Ones (1958), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and for her role as Gladys Porter on the 1960–62 CBS television series Pete and Gladys, for which she was nominated for the Emmy Award for Best Lead Actress in a Comedy. At the time of her death, Williams was one of the last surviving actors from the Golden Age of Hollywood.
1924
1. Ezra Laderman, American composer and educator (d. 2015) births
  1. Ezra Laderman
    
    Ezra Laderman was an American composer of classical music. He was born in Brooklyn.
2. Roy Walford, American pathologist and gerontologist (d. 2004) births
  1. Roy Walford
    
    Roy Lee Walford, M. D. was a professor of pathology at University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, a leading advocate of calorie restriction for life extension and health improvement, and a crew member of Biosphere 2.
3. Philip H. Hoff, American politician (d. 2018) births
  1. Philip H. Hoff
    
    Philip Henderson Hoff was an American politician from the U.S. state of Vermont. He was most notable for his service as the 73rd governor of Vermont from 1963 to 1969, the state's first Democratic governor since 1853.
1923
1. Chou Wen-chung, Chinese-American composer and educator (d. 2019) births
  1. Chou Wen-chung
    
    Chou Wen-chung was a Chinese American composer of contemporary classical music. He emigrated in 1946 to the United States and received his music training at the New England Conservatory and Columbia University. Chou is credited by Nicolas Slonimsky as one of the first Chinese composers who attempted to translate authentic oriental melo-rhythms into the terms of modern Western music.
1922
1. Ralph Burns, American songwriter, bandleader, composer, conductor, arranger and pianist (d. 2001) births
  1. Ralph Burns
    
    Ralph Joseph P. Burns was an American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger.
2. Vasko Popa, Serbian poet and academic (d. 1991) births
  1. Vasko Popa
    
    Vasile "Vasko" Popa was a Serbian poet.
3. John William Vessey, Jr., American general (d. 2016) births
  1. John William Vessey Jr.
    
    John William "Jack" Vessey Jr. was a career officer in the United States Army. He attained the rank of general, and was most notable for his service as the tenth chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
1921
1. Frédéric Dard, French author and screenwriter (d. 2000) births
  1. Frédéric Dard
    
    Frédéric Dard was a French crime writer. He wrote more than three hundred novels, plays and screenplays, under his own name and a variety of pseudonyms, including the San-Antonio book series.
2. Jean Kent, English actress (d. 2013) births
  1. Jean Kent
    
    Jean Kent was an English film and television actress.
3. Reinhard Mohn, German businessman (d. 2009) births
  1. Reinhard Mohn
    
    Reinhard Mohn was a German billionaire businessman and philanthropist. Under his leadership, Bertelsmann, once a medium-sized printing and publishing house, established in 1835, developed into a global media conglomerate. In 1977, he founded the non-profit Bertelsmann Stiftung, which is today one of the largest foundations in Germany, with worldwide reach.
4. Harry Schell, French-American race car driver (d. 1960) births
  1. Harry Schell
    
    Henry O'Reilly "Harry" Schell was an American Grand Prix motor racing driver. He was the first American driver to start a Formula One Grand Prix.
1920
1. César Rodríguez Álvarez, Spanish footballer and manager (d. 1995) births
  1. César Rodríguez (footballer, born 1920)
    
    César Rodríguez Álvarez, sometimes known as just César, was a Spanish football forward and manager.
2. Ray Harryhausen, American animator and producer (d. 2013) births
  1. Ray Harryhausen
    
    Raymond Frederick Harryhausen was an American-British animator and special effects creator who created a form of stop motion model animation known as "Dynamation". His works include the animation for Mighty Joe Young (1949) with his mentor Willis H. O'Brien ; his first color film, The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958); and Jason and the Argonauts (1963), which featured a sword fight with seven skeleton warriors. His last film was Clash of the Titans (1981), after which he retired.
3. Nicole Russell, Duchess of Bedford (d. 2012) births
  1. Nicole Russell, Duchess of Bedford
    
    Nicole Russell, Duchess of Bedford was one of the first female television producers in France. After becoming the Duchess of Bedford, she helped to open and popularize one of the first Stately homes to the public - Woburn Abbey. She was also a best-selling author.
1919
1. Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada, Mexican cardinal (d. 2008) births
  1. Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada
    
    Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Mexico in Mexico City (1977–1994) and was Primate of Mexico. In the consistory of June 30, 1979 in Vatican City Pope John Paul II created him Cardinal Priest of the titular church of Mary Immaculate of Tiburtino.
2. Walter Babington Thomas, Commander of British Far East Land Forces (d. 2017) births
  1. Walter Babington Thomas
    
    Major General Walter Babington "Sandy" Thomas, was a New Zealand-born British Army officer, who served as General Officer Commanding Far East Land Forces from 1970 to 1971. He previously served with the New Zealand Military Forces in the Second World War, where he was decorated, wounded and, at age 24, became the youngest New Zealand battalion commander of the war.
3. Juan Blanco, Cuban composer (d. 2008) births
  1. Juan Blanco
    
    Juan Blanco was the first Cuban composer to utilize electroacoustics, spatial music and multimedia.
4. Slim Pickens, American actor and rodeo performer (d. 1983) births
  1. Slim Pickens
    
    Louis Burton Lindley Jr., better known by his stage name Slim Pickens, was an American actor and rodeo performer. Starting off in the rodeo, Pickens transitioned to acting and appeared in dozens of movies and TV shows. For much of his career Pickens played mainly cowboy roles; he is perhaps best remembered today for his comic roles in Dr. Strangelove, Blazing Saddles and 1941, and his villainous turn in One-Eyed Jacks.
5. Lloyd Richards, Canadian-American theatre director, actor, and dean (d. 2006) births
  1. Lloyd Richards
    
    Lloyd George Richards was a Canadian-American theatre director, actor, and dean of the Yale School of Drama from 1979 to 1991, and Yale University professor emeritus.
6. José Gregorio Hernández Venezuelan physician and educator (b. 1864) deaths
  1. José Gregorio Hernández
    
    José Gregorio Hernández Cisneros OFS was a Venezuelan physician. Born in Isnotú, Trujillo State, he became a highly renowned doctor, more so after his death. He was beatified by the Catholic Church in 2021.
1918
1. Heini Lohrer, Swiss ice hockey player (d. 2011) births
  1. Heini Lohrer
    
    Heinrich Lohrer was an ice hockey player for the Swiss national team. He won a bronze medal at the 1948 Winter Olympics. He was a brother of Werner Lohrer.
2. Gene La Rocque, U.S admiral (d. 2016) births
  1. Gene La Rocque
    
    Eugene Robert La Rocque was a rear admiral of the US Navy. He founded the Center for Defense Information in 1971.
3. Francis W. Nye, United States Air Force major general (d. 2019) births
  1. Francis W. Nye
    
    Francis Walter Nye was a United States Air Force major general who was a B-24 Liberator and B-29 Superfortress combat pilot. He was commander, Field Command, Defense Atomic Support Agency, Sandia Base, New Mexico.
1917
1. Ling Yun, Chinese politician (d. 2018) births
  1. Ling Yun
    
    Ling Yun, born as Wu Peilin (吴沛霖), was a politician of the People's Republic of China, who served as the first Minister of State Security, from June 1983 to September 1985.
1916
1. Ruth Warrick, American actress and activist (d. 2005) births
  1. Ruth Warrick
    
    Ruth Elizabeth Warrick was an American singer, actress and political activist, best known for her role as Phoebe Tyler Wallingford on All My Children, which she played regularly from 1970 until her death in 2005. She made her film debut in Citizen Kane, and years later celebrated her 80th birthday by attending a special screening of the film.
1914
1. Rafael Kubelík, Czech-American conductor and composer (d. 1996) births
  1. Rafael Kubelík
    
    Rafael Jeroným Kubelík, KBE was a Czech conductor and composer.
2. Christos Papakyriakopoulos, Greek-American mathematician and academic (d. 1976) births
  1. Christos Papakyriakopoulos
    
    Christos Dimitriou Papakyriakopoulos, commonly known as Papa, was a Greek mathematician specializing in geometric topology.
1913
1. Earle Meadows, American pole vaulter (d. 1992) births
  1. Earle Meadows
    
    Earle Elmer Meadows was an American pole vaulter who won a gold medal at the 1936 Olympics. His winning vault is featured in Leni Riefenstahl's film Olympia.
1912
1. José Pablo Moncayo, Mexican pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1958) births
  1. José Pablo Moncayo
    
    José Pablo Moncayo García was a Mexican pianist, percussionist, music teacher, composer and conductor. "As composer, José Pablo Moncayo represents one of the most important legacies of the Mexican nationalism in art music, after Silvestre Revueltas and Carlos Chávez." He produced some of the masterworks that best symbolize the essence of the national aspirations and contradictions of Mexico in the 20th century.
2. Émile Peynaud, French oenologist and academic (d. 2004) births
  1. Émile Peynaud
    
    Émile Peynaud was a French oenologist and researcher who has been credited with revolutionizing winemaking in the latter half of the 20th century, and has been called "the forefather of modern oenology".
3. John Toland, American historian and author (d. 2004) births
  1. John Toland (historian)
    
    John Willard Toland was an American writer and historian. He is best known for a biography of Adolf Hitler and a Pulitzer Prize-winning history of World War II-era Japan, The Rising Sun.
1911
1. Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (d. 2004) births
  1. Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld
    
    Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld was a German nobleman who was the consort to Queen Juliana of the Netherlands; they were the parents of four children, including Beatrix, who was Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 to 2013.
2. Katherine DeMille, Canadian-American actress (d. 1995) births
  1. Katherine DeMille
    
    Katherine Lester DeMille was a Canadian-born American actress who played 25 credited film roles from the mid-1930s to the late 1940s.
3. Bernard Herrmann, American composer and conductor (d. 1975) births
  1. Bernard Herrmann
    
    Bernard Herrmann was an American composer and conductor best known for his work in composing for films. As a conductor, he championed the music of lesser-known composers. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest film composers.
1910
1. Frank Loesser, American composer and conductor (d. 1969) births
  1. Frank Loesser
    
    Frank Henry Loesser was an American songwriter who wrote the music and lyrics for the Broadway musicals Guys and Dolls and How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, among others. He won a Tony Award for Guys and Dolls and shared the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for How to Succeed. He also wrote songs for over 60 Hollywood films and Tin Pan Alley, many of which have become standards, and was nominated for five Academy Awards for best song, winning once for Baby, It's Cold Outside.
2. Burgess Whitehead, American baseball player (d. 1993) births
  1. Burgess Whitehead
    
    Burgess Urquhart "Whitey" Whitehead was a Major League Baseball second baseman from 1933 to 1946. He played for the St. Louis Cardinals, New York Giants, and Pittsburgh Pirates.
1908
1. Leroy Anderson, American composer and conductor (d. 1975) births
  1. Leroy Anderson
    
    Leroy Anderson was an American composer of short, light concert pieces, many of which were introduced by the Boston Pops Orchestra under the direction of Arthur Fiedler. John Williams described him as "one of the great American masters of light orchestral music."
2. Erik Lundqvist, Swedish javelin thrower (d. 1963) births
  1. Erik Lundqvist
    
    Erik Hjalmar Lundqvist was a Swedish athlete who won a gold medal in the javelin throw at the 1928 Summer Olympics. Two weeks later he became the first man to break the 70 m barrier, setting a new world record at 71.01 m.
1907
1. Konstantinos Volanakis, Greek painter and academic (b. 1837) deaths
  1. Konstantinos Volanakis
    
    Konstantinos Volanakis was a Greek painter who became known as the "father of Greek seascape painting".
1906
1. Ivan Chernyakhovsky, Ukrainian general (d. 1945) births
  1. Ivan Chernyakhovsky
    
    Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky was the youngest-ever Soviet General of the army. For his leadership during World War II he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union twice. He died from wounds received outside Königsberg at age 37 while in command of the 3rd Belorussian Front.
2. Heinz Harmel, German general (d. 2000) births
  1. Heinz Harmel
    
    Heinz Harmel was a German SS commander during the Nazi era. He commanded the 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg during World War II. Harmel was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords of Nazi Germany.
1904
1. Witold Hurewicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1956) births
  1. Witold Hurewicz
    
    Witold Hurewicz was a Polish mathematician.
1903
1. Alan Blumlein, English engineer, developed the H2S radar (d. 1942) births
  1. Alan Blumlein
    
    Alan Dower Blumlein was an English electronics engineer, notable for his many inventions in telecommunications, sound recording, stereophonic sound, television and radar. He received 128 patents and was considered one of the most significant engineers and inventors of his time.
  2. H2S (radar)
    
    H2S was the first airborne, ground scanning radar system. It was developed for the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command during World War II to identify targets on the ground for night and all-weather bombing. This allowed attacks outside the range of the various radio navigation aids like Gee or Oboe, which were limited to about 350 kilometres (220 mi). It was also widely used as a general navigation system, allowing landmarks to be identified at long range.
1901
1. Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (d. 1967) births
  1. Nelson Eddy
    
    Nelson Ackerman Eddy was an American actor and baritone singer who appeared in 19 musical films during the 1930s and 1940s, as well as in opera and on the concert stage, radio, television, and in nightclubs. A classically trained baritone, he is best remembered for the eight films in which he costarred with soprano Jeanette MacDonald. He was one of the first "crossover" stars, a superstar appealing both to shrieking bobby soxers and opera purists, and in his heyday, he was the highest paid singer in the world.
1900
1. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French poet and pilot (d. 1944) births
  1. Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
    
    Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, comte de Saint-Exupéry, simply known as Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, was a French writer, poet, aristocrat, journalist and pioneering aviator. He became a laureate of several of France's highest literary awards and also won the United States National Book Award. He is best remembered for his novella The Little Prince and for his lyrical aviation writings, including Wind, Sand and Stars and Night Flight.
2. Ivan Mikheevich Pervushin, Russian mathematician and academic (b. 1827) deaths
  1. Ivan Pervushin
    
    Ivan Mikheevich Pervushin was a Russian clergyman and mathematician of the second half of the 19th century, known for his achievements in number theory. He discovered the ninth perfect number and its odd prime factor, the ninth Mersenne prime. Also, he proved that two Fermat numbers, the 12th and 23rd, were composite.
1898
1. Yvonne Lefébure, French pianist and educator (d. 1986) births
  1. Yvonne Lefébure
    
    Yvonne Lefébure was a French pianist and teacher.
1897
1. Fulgence Charpentier, Canadian journalist and publisher (d. 2001) births
  1. Fulgence Charpentier
    
    Fulgence Charpentier, OC was a French Canadian journalist, editor and publisher.
1895
1. Thomas Henry Huxley, English biologist (b. 1825) deaths
  1. Thomas Henry Huxley
    
    Thomas Henry Huxley was an English biologist and anthropologist specialising in comparative anatomy. He has become known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
1893
1. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis, Indian economist and statistician (d. 1972) births
  1. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
    
    Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis OBE, FNA, FASc, FRS was an Indian scientist and statistician. He is best remembered for the Mahalanobis distance, a statistical measure, and for being one of the members of the first Planning Commission of free India. He made pioneering studies in anthropometry in India. He founded the Indian Statistical Institute, and contributed to the design of large-scale sample surveys. For his contributions, Mahalanobis has been considered the father of modern statistics in India.
2. Aarre Merikanto, Finnish composer and educator (d. 1958) births
  1. Aarre Merikanto
    
    Aarre Merikanto was a Finnish composer.
1890
1. Robert Laurent, American sculptor and academic (d. 1970) births
  1. Robert Laurent
    
    Robert Laurent was a French-American modernist figurative sculptor, printmaker and teacher. His work, the New York Times wrote,"figured in the development of an American sculptural art that balanced nature and abstraction." Widely exhibited, he took part in the Whitney's 1946 exhibition Pioneers of Modern Art. Credited as the first American sculptor to adopt a "direct carving" sculpting style that was bolder and more abstract than the then traditional fine arts practice, which relied on models, Laurent's approach was inspired by the African carving and European avant-garde art he admired, while also echoing folk styles found both in the U.S. and among medieval stone cutters of his native Brittany. Best known for his virtuoso mastery of the figure, Laurent sculpted in multiple media, including wood, alabaster, bronze, marble and aluminum. His expertise earned him major commissions for public sculpture, most famously for the Goose Girl for New York City's Radio City Music Hall, as well as for Spanning the Continent for Philadelphia's Fairmount Park. After the Depression, he was also the recipient of several Works Progress Administration (WPA) Federal Art Project commissions under the New Deal, including a bas-relief called Shipping for the exterior of Washington, D.C.'s Federal Trade Commission Building, commissioned by the Treasury Department’s Section of Fine Arts in 1938.
2. Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper, Dutch supercentenarian (d. 2005) births
  1. Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper
    
    Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper was a Dutch supercentenarian, who lived to the age of 115 years, 62 days. She is the oldest person ever from the Netherlands, breaking the previous record of Catharina van Dam on 26 September 2003, and from 29 May 2004 was thought to be the oldest verified person in the world. She became the oldest living person in the Netherlands on 16 February 2001, at the age of 110 years and 232 days.
1889
1. Willie Macfarlane, Scottish-American golfer (d. 1961) births
  1. Willie Macfarlane
    
    William Macfarlane was a Scottish professional golfer.
1888
1. Squizzy Taylor, Australian gangster (d. 1927) births
  1. Squizzy Taylor
    
    Joseph Theodore Leslie "Squizzy" Taylor was an Australian gangster from Melbourne. He appeared repeatedly and sometimes prominently in Melbourne news media because of suspicions, formal accusations and some convictions related to a 1919 gang war, to his absconding from bail and hiding from the police in 1921–22, and to his involvement in a robbery where a bank manager was murdered in 1923.
1886
1. Robert Schuman, Luxembourgian-French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 1963) births
  1. Robert Schuman
    
    Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Robert Schuman was a Luxembourg-born French statesman. Schuman was a Christian Democrat political thinker and activist. Twice Prime Minister of France, a reformist Minister of Finance and a Foreign Minister, he was instrumental in building postwar European and trans-Atlantic institutions and was one of the founders of the European Union, the Council of Europe and NATO. The 1964–1965 academic year at the College of Europe was named in his honour. In 2021, Schuman was declared venerable by Pope Francis in recognition of his acting on Christian principles.
  2. Prime Minister of France
    
    The prime minister of France, officially the prime minister of the French Republic, is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of the Council of Ministers.
1885
1. Izidor Kürschner, Hungarian football player and coach (d. 1941) births
  1. Izidor Kürschner
    
    Izidor "Dori" Kürschner, in Brazil primarily known as Dori Kruschner,, was a Hungarian football player and coach. As player he was successful with Budapest club MTK, and also played for the Hungary national football team. As coach he succeeded in Germany, winning the national championship with 1. FC Nürnberg. His greatest triumphs were to follow in Switzerland with the Grasshopper Club Zürich, where he won seven titles. Kürschner's arrival to Brazilian football brought tactical innovations which helped to establish the country as one of the world leaders in the sport.
1882
1. Henry Hawtrey, English runner (d. 1961) births
  1. Henry Hawtrey
    
    Henry Courtenay Hawtrey was a British track and field athlete, winner of 5 miles (8.0 km) run at the 1906 Summer Olympics. He was born in Southampton and died in Aldershot.
2. Franz Seldte, German captain and politician, Reich Minister for Labour (d. 1947) births
  1. Franz Seldte
    
    Franz Seldte was a German politician who served as the Reich Minister for Labour from 1933 to 1945. Prior to his ministry, Seldte served as the Federal Leader of Der Stahlhelm World War I ex-servicemen's organisation from 1918 to 1934. Ideologically, he identified as a national conservative.
  2. Federal Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs
    
    The Federal Ministry for Labour and Social Affairs, abbreviated BMAS) is a federal ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany headed by the Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs as a member of the Cabinet of Germany (Bundesregierung). Its first location is on Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin, the second in Bonn.
1881
1. Harry Frazee, American director, producer, and agent (d. 1929) births
  1. Harry Frazee
    
    Harry Herbert Frazee was an American theatrical agent, producer, and director, and owner of Major League Baseball's Boston Red Sox from 1916 to 1923. He is well known for selling Babe Ruth to the New York Yankees, which started the alleged Curse of the Bambino.
2. Curt Sachs, German-American composer and musicologist (d. 1959) births
  1. Curt Sachs
    
    Curt Sachs was a German musicologist. He was one of the founders of modern organology. Among his contributions was the Hornbostel–Sachs system, which he created with Erich von Hornbostel.
1880
1. Ludwig Beck, German general (d. 1944) births
  1. Ludwig Beck
    
    Ludwig August Theodor Beck was a German general and Chief of the German General Staff during the early years of the Nazi regime in Germany before World War II. Although Beck never became a member of the Nazi Party, in the early 1930s he supported Adolf Hitler's forceful denunciation of the Versailles Treaty and belief in the need for Germany to rearm. Beck had grave misgivings regarding the Nazi demand for all German officers to swear an oath of fealty to the person of Hitler in 1934, but Beck believed that Germany needed strong government, which Hitler could successfully provide if the Führer was influenced by traditional elements within the army, rather than by the SA and SS.
1879
1. Benedetto Aloisi Masella, Italian cardinal (d. 1970) births
  1. Benedetto Aloisi Masella
    
    Benedetto Aloisi Masella was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as prefect of the Discipline of the Sacraments from 1954 to 1968, and as chamberlain of the Roman Church from 1958 until his death. Aloisi Masella was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII, whom he designated to canonically crown Our Lady of Fatima.
1875
1. Ferdinand I of Austria (b. 1793) deaths
  1. Ferdinand I of Austria
    
    Ferdinand I was the Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848. He was also King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, King of Lombardy–Venetia and holder of many other lesser titles. Due to his passive but well-intentioned character, he gained the sobriquet The Benign or The Benevolent.
1873
1. Leo Frobenius, German ethnologist and archaeologist (d. 1938) births
  1. Leo Frobenius
    
    Leo Viktor Frobenius was a German self-taught ethnologist and archaeologist and a major figure in German ethnography.
2. Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Indian poet and playwright (b. 1824) deaths
  1. Michael Madhusudan Dutt
    
    Michael Madhusudan Dutt (Maikel Modhushudôn Dôtto ; was a Bengali poet and playwright. He is considered one of the pioneers of Bengali literature.
1870
1. Joseph Carl Breil, American tenor, composer, and director (d. 1926) births
  1. Joseph Carl Breil
    
    Joseph Carl Breil was an American lyric tenor, stage director, composer and conductor. He was one of the earliest American composers to compose specific music for motion pictures. His first film was Les amours de la reine Élisabeth (1912) starring Sarah Bernhardt. He later composed and arranged scores for several other early motion pictures, including such epics as D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) and Intolerance (1916), as well as scoring the preview version of The Phantom of the Opera (1925), a score that is now lost. His love theme for "Birth of a Nation", titled "The Perfect Song", was published by Chappell & Co. in an arrangement for voice and keyboard. It was later used as the theme for the radio show "Amos and Andy".
1868
1. George Ellery Hale, American astronomer and journalist (d. 1938) births
  1. George Ellery Hale
    
    George Ellery Hale was an American solar astronomer, best known for his discovery of magnetic fields in sunspots, and as the leader or key figure in the planning or construction of several world-leading telescopes; namely, the 40-inch refracting telescope at Yerkes Observatory, 60-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson Observatory, 100-inch Hooker reflecting telescope at Mount Wilson, and the 200-inch Hale reflecting telescope at Palomar Observatory. He also played a key role in the foundation of the International Union for Cooperation in Solar Research and the National Research Council, and in developing the California Institute of Technology into a leading research university.
1866
1. Bartholomeus Roodenburch, Dutch swimmer (d. 1939) births
  1. Bartholomeus Roodenburch
    
    Bartholomeus Roodenburch was a Dutch backstroke swimmer who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.
1863
1. Wilbert Robinson, American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 1934) births
  1. Wilbert Robinson
    
    Wilbert Robinson, nicknamed "Uncle Robbie", was an American catcher, coach and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the Philadelphia Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, and St. Louis Cardinals. He managed the Orioles and Brooklyn Robins. Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945.
1861
1. William James Mayo, American physician and surgeon, co-founded the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939) births
  1. William James Mayo
    
    William James Mayo was a physician and surgeon in the United States and one of the seven founders of the Mayo Clinic. He and his brother, Charles Horace Mayo, both joined their father's private medical practice in Rochester, Minnesota, US, after graduating from medical school in the 1880s. In 1919, that practice became the not-for-profit Mayo Clinic.
  2. Mayo Clinic
    
    The Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit American academic medical center focused on integrated health care, education, and research. It employs over 4,500 physicians and scientists, along with another 58,400 administrative and allied health staff, across three major campuses: Rochester, Minnesota; Jacksonville, Florida; and Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona. The practice specializes in treating difficult cases through tertiary care and destination medicine. It is home to the top-15 ranked Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in addition to many of the highest regarded residency education programs in the United States. It spends over $660 million a year on research and has more than 3,000 full-time research personnel.
2. Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet and translator (b. 1806) deaths
  1. Elizabeth Barrett Browning
    
    Elizabeth Barrett Browning was an English poet of the Victorian era, popular in Britain and the United States during her lifetime.
1860
1. Thomas Addison, English physician and endocrinologist (b. 1793) deaths
  1. Thomas Addison
    
    Thomas J Addison was an English physician, chef, and scientist. He is traditionally regarded as one of the "great men" of Guy's Hospital in London.
1858
1. George Washington Goethals, American general and engineer, co-designed the Panama Canal (d. 1928) births
  1. George Washington Goethals
    
    George Washington Goethals was a United States Army General and civil engineer, best known for his administration and supervision of the construction and the opening of the Panama Canal. He was the State Engineer of New Jersey and the Acting Quartermaster General of the United States Army.
  2. Panama Canal
    
    The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan and the even less popular route through the Arctic Archipelago and the Bering Strait.
2. Julia Lathrop, American activist and politician (d. 1932) births
  1. Julia Lathrop
    
    Julia Clifford Lathrop was an American social reformer in the area of education, social policy, and children's welfare. As director of the United States Children's Bureau from 1912 to 1922, she was the first woman ever to head a United States federal bureau.
1855
1. John Gorrie, American physician and humanitarian (b. 1803) deaths
  1. John Gorrie
    
    John B. Gorrie was a Nevisian-born American physician and scientist, credited as the inventor of mechanical refrigeration.
1853
1. Adrien-Henri de Jussieu, French botanist and academic (b. 1797) deaths
  1. Adrien-Henri de Jussieu
    
    Adrien-Henri de Jussieu was a French botanist.
1852
1. Henry Clay, American lawyer and politician, 9th United States Secretary of State (b. 1777) deaths
  1. Henry Clay
    
    Henry Clay Sr. was an American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. He was the seventh House speaker as well as the ninth secretary of state, also receiving electoral votes for president in the 1824, 1832, and 1844 presidential elections. He helped found both the National Republican Party and the Whig Party. For his role in defusing sectional crises, he earned the appellation of the "Great Compromiser" and was part of the "Great Triumvirate" of Congressmen, alongside fellow Whig Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun.
  2. United States Secretary of State
    
    The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's Cabinet, and ranks the first in the U.S. presidential line of succession among Cabinet secretaries.
1849
1. Pedro Montt, Chilean lawyer and politician, 15th President of Chile (d. 1910) births
  1. Pedro Montt
    
    Pedro Elías Pablo Montt Montt was a Chilean political figure. He served as the president of Chile from 1906 to his death from a probable stroke in 1910. His government furthered railroad and manufacturing activities but ignored pressing social and labour problems.
  2. President of Chile
    
    The president of Chile, officially known as the President of the Republic of Chile, is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Chile. The president is responsible for both the Government of Chile and state administration. Although its role and significance has changed over the history of Chile, as well as its position and relations with other actors in the national political organization, it is one of the most prominent political offices. It is also considered one of the institutions that make up the "Historic Constitution of Chile", and is essential to the country's political stability.
2. Sergei Witte, Russian politician, 1st Chairmen of Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire (d. 1915) births
  1. Sergei Witte
    
    Count Sergei Yulyevich Witte, also known as Sergius Witte, was a Russian statesman who served as the first prime minister of the Russian Empire, replacing the tsar as head of the government. Neither a liberal nor a conservative, he attracted foreign capital to boost Russia's industrialization. Witte's strategy was to avoid the danger of wars.
  2. List of heads of government of Russia
    
    Approximately 38 people have been head of the Russian government since its establishment in 1905.
3. John Hunn, American businessman and politician, 51st Governor of Delaware (d. 1926) births
  1. John Hunn (governor)
    
    John Hunn was an American businessman and politician from Camden, Kent County, Delaware. The first governor elected after a reform of Delaware's state constitution and a compromise candidate, Hunn served from 1901 until 1905 and became the first of a multi-decade string of elected Republican Delaware governors.
  2. List of governors of Delaware
    
    The governor of Delaware is the head of government of Delaware and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Delaware Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment, and only with the recommendation of the Board of Pardons.
1844
1. Peter I of Serbia (d. 1921) births
  1. Peter I of Serbia
    
    Peter I was the last king of Serbia, reigning from 15 June 1903 to 1 December 1918. On 1 December 1918, he became the first king of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and he held that title until his death three years later. Since he was the king of Serbia during a period of great Serbian military success, he was remembered by the Serbian people as King Peter the Liberator, and also as Old King.
1840
1. Lucien Bonaparte, French prince (b. 1775) deaths
  1. Lucien Bonaparte
    
    Lucien Bonaparte, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano, was French politician and diplomat of the French Revolution and the Consulate. He served as Minister of the Interior from 1799 to 1800 and as the final president of the Council of Five Hundred in 1799.
1835
1. Celia Thaxter, American poet and story writer (d. 1894) births
  1. Celia Thaxter
    
    Celia Thaxter was an American writer of poetry and stories. For most of her life, she lived with her father on the Isles of Shoals at his Appledore Hotel. How she grew up to become a writer is detailed in her early autobiography, and her book entitled Among the Isles of Shoals. Thaxter became one of America's favorite authors in the late 19th century. Among her best-known poems are "The Burgomaster Gull", "Landlocked", "Milking", "The Great White Owl", "The Kingfisher", and "The Sandpiper". Many of her romantic poems are addressed to women; as such, she has been identified by some scholars as a lesbian poet.
1833
1. Peter Waage, Norwegian chemist and academic (d. 1900) births
  1. Peter Waage
    
    Peter Waage was a Norwegian chemist and professor of chemistry at the University of Kristiania. Along with his brother-in-law Cato Maximilian Guldberg, he co-discovered and developed the law of mass action between 1864 and 1879.
1831
1. Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, Prussian minister and politician (b. 1757) deaths
  1. Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein
    
    Heinrich Friedrich Karl Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein, commonly known as Baron vom Stein, was a Prussian statesman who introduced the Prussian reforms, which paved the way for the unification of Germany. He promoted the abolition of serfdom, with indemnification to territorial lords; subjection of the nobles to manorial imposts; and the establishment of a modern municipal system.
1819
1. Thomas Dunn English, American poet, playwright, and politician (d. 1902) births
  1. Thomas Dunn English
    
    Thomas Dunn English was an American Democratic Party politician from New Jersey who represented the state's 6th congressional district in the House of Representatives from 1891 to 1895. He was also a published author and songwriter, who had a bitter feud with Edgar Allan Poe. Along with Waitman T. Barbe and Danske Dandridge, English was considered a major West Virginia poet of the mid 19th century.
1818
1. Angelo Secchi, Italian astronomer and academic (d. 1878) births
  1. Angelo Secchi
    
    Angelo Secchi was an Italian Catholic priest, astronomer from the Italian region of Emilia. He was director of the observatory at the Pontifical Gregorian University for 28 years. He was a pioneer in astronomical spectroscopy, and was one of the first scientists to state authoritatively that the Sun is a star.
1803
1. John Newton Brown, American minister and author (d. 1868) births
  1. John Newton Brown
    
    John Newton Brown was an influential Baptist teacher, minister and publisher in the 19th century.
1801
1. Frédéric Bastiat, French economist and theorist (d. 1850) births
  1. Frédéric Bastiat
    
    Claude-Frédéric Bastiat was a French economist, writer and a prominent member of the French Liberal School.
1798
1. Willibald Alexis, German author and poet (d. 1871) births
  1. Willibald Alexis
    
    Willibald Alexis, the pseudonym of Georg Wilhelm Heinrich Häring, was a German historical novelist, considered part of the Young Germany movement.
2. Giacomo Leopardi, Italian poet and philosopher (d. 1837) births
  1. Giacomo Leopardi
    
    Count Giacomo Taldegardo Francesco di Sales Saverio Pietro Leopardi was an Italian philosopher, poet, essayist, and philologist. He is considered the greatest Italian poet of the nineteenth century and one of the most important figures in the literature of the world, as well as one of the principals of literary romanticism; his constant reflection on existence and on the human condition—of sensuous and materialist inspiration—has also earned him a reputation as a deep philosopher. He is widely seen as one of the most radical and challenging thinkers of the 19th century but routinely compared by Italian critics to his older contemporary Alessandro Manzoni despite expressing "diametrically opposite positions." Although he lived in a secluded town in the conservative Papal States, he came into contact with the main ideas of the Enlightenment, and, through his own literary evolution, created a remarkable and renowned poetic work, related to the Romantic era. The strongly lyrical quality of his poetry made him a central figure on the European and international literary and cultural landscape.
1793
1. Josef Ressel, Czech-Austrian inventor, invented the propeller (d. 1857) births
  1. Josef Ressel
    
    Joseph Ludwig Franz Ressel was a forester and inventor of Czech-Austrian descent, who designed one of the first working ship's propellers.
  2. Propeller
    
    A propeller is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon a working fluid such as water or air. Propellers are used to pump fluid through a pipe or duct, or to create thrust to propel a boat through water or an aircraft through air. The blades are specially shaped so that their rotational motion through the fluid causes a pressure difference between the two surfaces of the blade by Bernoulli's principle which exerts force on the fluid. Most marine propellers are screw propellers with helical blades rotating on a propeller shaft with an approximately horizontal axis.
1787
1. Lavinia Stoddard, American poet, school founder (d. 1820) births
  1. Lavinia Stoddard
    
    Lavinia Stoddard was an American poet and school founder. Her poem, "The Soul's Defiance", was included in most of the anthologies published in the United States in the 19th-century.
1779
1. Anton Raphael Mengs, German painter (b. 1728) deaths
  1. Anton Raphael Mengs
    
    Anton Raphael Mengs was a German painter, active in Dresden, Rome, and Madrid, who while painting in the Rococo period of the mid-18th century became one of the precursors to Neoclassical painting, which replaced Rococo as the dominant painting style in Europe.
1768
1. Vincenzo Dimech, Maltese sculptor (d. 1831) births
  1. Vincenzo Dimech
    
    Vincenzo Dimech was a Maltese sculptor. He is best known for his religious sculptures, which include the titular statues of Gudja and Floriana. He also sculpted monuments or architectural features in Valletta and Corfu.
1764
1. Ralph Allen, English businessman and philanthropist (b. 1693) deaths
  1. Ralph Allen
    
    Ralph Allen was an entrepreneur and philanthropist, who was notable for his reforms to the British postal system.
1746
1. Joachim Heinrich Campe, German linguist, author, and educator (d. 1818) births
  1. Joachim Heinrich Campe
    
    Joachim Heinrich Campe was a German writer, linguist, educator and publisher. He was a major representative of philanthropinism and the German Enlightenment.
1744
1. André Campra, French composer and conductor (b. 1660) deaths
  1. André Campra
    
    André Campra was a French composer and conductor of the Baroque era. The leading French opera composer in the period between Jean-Baptiste Lully and Jean-Philippe Rameau, Campra wrote several tragédies en musique and opéra-ballets that were extremely well received. He also wrote three books of cantatas as well as religious music, including a requiem.
1729
1. Edward Taylor, American-English poet, pastor, and physician (b. circa 1642) deaths
  1. Edward Taylor
    
    Edward Taylor was a colonial American poet, pastor and physician of English origin. His work remained unpublished for some 200 years but since then has established him as one of the foremost writers of his time. His poetry has been characterized as "American Baroque" as well as Metaphysical.
1725
1. Arai Hakuseki, Japanese philosopher, academic, and politician (b. 1657) deaths
  1. Arai Hakuseki
    
    Arai Hakuseki was a Confucianist, scholar-bureaucrat, academic, administrator, writer and politician in Japan during the middle of the Edo period, who advised the shōgun Tokugawa Ienobu. His personal name was Kinmi or Kimiyoshi (君美). Hakuseki (白石) was his pen name. His father was a Kururi han samurai Arai Masazumi.
1686
1. Pietro Paolo Troisi, Maltese artist (d. 1743) births
  1. Pietro Paolo Troisi
    
    Pietro Paolo Troisi was a Maltese Baroque silversmith, sculptor, medallist, designer, engraver and Master of the Mint. His works include bronze sculptures of his patron António Manoel de Vilhena, designs of various coins and medals, a wide range of mainly religious works in silver, engraved portraits, designs for temporary triumphal arches and designs for works in a number of churches, most notably the altar of repose at the Mdina cathedral.
1646
1. Laughlin Ó Cellaigh, Gaelic-Irish Lord deaths
  1. Laughlin Ó Cellaigh
    
    Laughlin Ó Cellaigh, Gaelic-Irish Lord, died 29 June 1646.
1626
1. Scipione Cobelluzzi, Italian cardinal and archivist (b. 1564) deaths
  1. Scipione Cobelluzzi
    
    Scipione Cobelluzzi was an Italian cardinal, archivist and librarian. He was chief archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives, from 17 February 1618 until his death on 29 June 1626.
1621
1. Willem van der Zaan, Dutch Admiral (d. 1669) births
  1. Willem van der Zaan
    
    Willem van der Zaan was a Dutch Admiral. His name is often given in the 17th century spelling Zaen.
1596
1. Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (d. 1680) births
  1. Emperor Go-Mizunoo
    
    Emperor Go-Mizunoo was the 108th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Go-Mizunoo's reign spanned the years from 1611 through 1629, and was the first emperor to reign entirely during the Edo period.
1594
1. Niels Kaas, Danish politician, Chancellor of Denmark (b. 1535) deaths
  1. Niels Kaas
    
    Niels Kaas was a Danish politician who served as Chancellor of Denmark from 1573 until his death. He was influential in the negotiation of the Peace of Stettin and in the upbringing of Christian IV. Kaas also played an important role in the emancipation of Schleswig-Holstein.
  2. Prime Minister of Denmark
    
    The prime minister of Denmark is the head of government in the Kingdom of Denmark comprising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Before the creation of the modern office, the kingdom did not initially have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the monarch, in whom the executive authority was vested. The Constitution of 1849 established a constitutional monarchy by limiting the powers of the monarch and creating the office of premierminister. The inaugural holder of the office was Adam Wilhelm Moltke.
1575
1. Baba Nobuharu, Japanese samurai (b. 1515) deaths
  1. Baba Nobuharu
    
    Baba Nobuharu , also known as Baba Nobufusa , was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period. He was known as one of the "Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen". When Takeda Shingen took Fukashi castle in 1550, he entrusted it to Baba.
1543
1. Christine of Hesse, Duchess consort of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1604) births
  1. Christine of Hesse
    
    Christine of Hesse was Duchess consort of Holstein-Gottorp as the spouse of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp. She exerted some political influence as a widow after 1586.
1528
1. Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1589) births
  1. Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
    
    Julius of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruling Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1568 until his death. From 1584, he also ruled over the Principality of Calenberg. By embracing the Protestant Reformation, establishing the University of Helmstedt, and introducing a series of administrative reforms, Julius was one of the most important Brunswick dukes in the early modern era.
1525
1. Peter Agricola, German humanist, theologian, diplomat and statesman (d. 1585) births
  1. Peter Agricola
    
    Peter Agricola was a German Renaissance humanist, educator, classical scholar and theologian, diplomat and statesman, disciple of Martin Luther, friend and collaborator of Philipp Melanchthon.
1520
1. Moctezuma II, Aztec ruler (b. 1466) deaths
  1. Moctezuma II
    
    Moctezuma Xocoyotzin, variant spellings include Motewksomah, Motecuhzomatzin, Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma, Motēuczōmah, Muteczuma, and referred to retroactively in European sources as Moctezuma II, was the ninth Emperor of the Aztec Empire, reigning from 1502 or 1503 to 1520. Through his marriage with queen Tlapalizquixochtzin of Ecatepec, one of his two wives, he was also king consort of that altepetl.
1517
1. Rembert Dodoens, Flemish physician and botanist (d. 1585) births
  1. Rembert Dodoens
    
    Rembert Dodoens was a Flemish physician and botanist, also known under his Latinized name Rembertus Dodonaeus. He has been called the father of botany. The standard author abbreviation Dodoens is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.
1509
1. Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond and Derby (b. 1443) deaths
  1. Lady Margaret Beaufort
    
    Lady Margaret Beaufort was a major figure in the Wars of the Roses of the late fifteenth century, and mother of King Henry VII of England, the first Tudor monarch.
1488
1. Pedro Pacheco de Villena, Catholic cardinal (d. 1560) births
  1. Pedro Pacheco de Villena
    
    Pedro Pacheco de Villena, also known as Pedro Pacheco Ladrón de Guevara, was a Spanish cardinal and viceroy of Naples. In Italian his name is spelled Pietro Pacecco. His nephew Francisco Pacheco de Toledo was also a cardinal.
1482
1. Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal (d. 1517) births
  1. Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal
    
    Maria of Aragon was Queen of Portugal as the second spouse of King Manuel I, the widower of her elder sister Isabella.
1443
1. Anthony Browne, English knight (d. 1506) births
  1. Anthony Browne (died 1506)
    
    Sir Anthony Browne was the son of Sir Thomas Browne and Eleanor FitzAlan. He served as standard-bearer to Henry VII, and Lieutenant of Calais.
1432
1. Janus of Cyprus (b. 1375) deaths
  1. Janus, King of Cyprus
    
    Janus was King of Cyprus and titular King of Armenian Cilicia and Jerusalem from 1398 to 1432.
1398
1. John II of Aragon and Navarre (d. 1479) births
  1. John II of Aragon
    
    John II, called the Great or the Faithless, was King of Aragon from 1458 until his death in 1479. As the husband of Queen Blanche I of Navarre, he was King of Navarre from 1425 to 1479. John was also King of Sicily from 1458 to 1468.
1374
1. Jan Milíč of Kroměříž, Czech priest and reformer deaths
  1. Jan Milíč
    
    Jan Milíč z Kroměříže was a Czech Catholic priest and the most influential preacher of the emerging Bohemian Reformation in the 14th century. Together with other Bohemian preachers and writers of that time, he paved in a certain sense the way for the reforming activity of Jan Hus.
  2. Czechs
    
    The Czechs, or the Czech people, are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history, and the Czech language.
  3. Priest
    
    A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the 'priesthood', a term which also may apply to such persons collectively. A priest may have the duty to hear confessions periodically, give marriage counseling, provide prenuptial counseling, give spiritual direction, teach catechism, or visit those confined indoors, such as the sick in hospitals and nursing homes.
  4. Reform movement
    
    A reform movement of reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist or religious concepts. Some rely on personal transformation; others rely on small collectives, such as Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel and the self-sustaining village economy, as a mode of social change. Reactionary movements, which can arise against any of these, attempt to put things back the way they were before any successes the new reform movement(s) enjoyed, or to prevent any such successes.
1344
1. Joan of Savoy, duchess consort of Brittany, throne claimant of Savoy (b. 1310) deaths
  1. Joan of Savoy
    
    Joan of Savoy, was Duchess consort of Brittany by marriage to John III, Duke of Brittany. Joan was the claimant to the County of Savoy upon the death of her father in 1329 until 1339.
1326
1. Murad I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1389) births
  1. Murad I
    
    Murad I was the Ottoman Sultan from 1362 to 1389. He was the son of Orhan Gazi and Nilüfer Hatun. Murad I came into the throne after his elder brother Süleyman Pasha's death.
1315
1. Ramon Llull, Spanish philosopher (b. 1235) deaths
  1. Ramon Llull
    
    Ramon Llull was a philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, and Christian apologist from the Kingdom of Majorca.
1293
1. Henry of Ghent, philosopher (b. c.1217) deaths
  1. Henry of Ghent
    
    Henry of Ghent was a scholastic philosopher, known as Doctor Solemnis, and also as Henricus de Gandavo and Henricus Gandavensis.
1252
1. Abel, King of Denmark (b. 1218) deaths
  1. Abel, King of Denmark
    
    Abel Valdemarsen was Duke of Schleswig from 1232 to 1252 and King of Denmark from 1250 until his death in 1252. He was the son of Valdemar II by his second wife, Berengaria of Portugal, and brother to kings Eric IV and Christopher I.
1153
1. Óláfr Guðrøðarson, King of the Isles deaths
  1. Óláfr Guðrøðarson (died 1153)
    
    Óláfr Guðrøðarson was a twelfth-century King of Mann and the Isles. As a younger son of Guðrøðr Crovan, King of Dublin and the Isles, Óláfr witnessed a vicious power struggle between his elder brothers in the aftermath of their father's death. At some point, the young Óláfr was entrusted to the care of Henry I, King of England, and like the contemporaneous Scottish monarchs, Alexander I and David I, Óláfr appears to have been a protégé of the English king. As King of the Isles, Óláfr contracted marital alliances with neighbouring maritime rulers. Although he appears to have overseen successful military operations to reclaim the northernmost territories once controlled by his father, he may have witnessed the loss of authority in Galloway as well. Like his counterpart David I, Óláfr was a reformer and moderniser of his realm. However, his four-decade reign ended in abrupt disaster when he was assassinated by three nephews in 1153. Following the ensuing power struggle, Óláfr's son Guðrøðr overcame the kin-slayers, and assumed the kingship of the Kingdom of the Isles.
1149
1. Raymond of Poitiers, Prince of Antioch (b. 1115) deaths
  1. Raymond of Poitiers
    
    Raymond of Poitiers was Prince of Antioch from 1136 to 1149. He was the younger son of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, and his wife Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, born in the very year that his father the Duke began his infamous liaison with Dangereuse de Chatelherault.
1136
1. Petronilla of Aragon (d. 1173) births
  1. Petronilla of Aragon
    
    Petronilla, whose name is also spelled Petronila or Petronella, was Queen of Aragon from the abdication of her father, Ramiro II, in 1137 until her own abdication in 1164. After her abdication she acted as regent during the minority of her son (1164–1173). She was the last ruling member of the Jiménez dynasty in Aragon, and by marriage brought the throne to the House of Barcelona.
1059
1. Bernard II, Duke of Saxony (b. 995) deaths
  1. Bernard II, Duke of Saxony
    
    Bernard II was the Duke of Saxony between 1011 and 1059, the third of the Billung dynasty as a son of Bernard I and Hildegard. Besides his position in Saxony, he had the rights of a count in Frisia.
976
1. Gero, archbishop of Cologne deaths
  1. Gero (archbishop of Cologne)
    
    Gero was Archbishop of Cologne from 969 until his death.
  2. Cologne
    
    Cologne is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 million people in the urban region. Centered on the left (west) bank of the Rhine, Cologne is about 35 km (22 mi) southeast of NRW's state capital Düsseldorf and 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany.
884
1. Yang Shili, general of the Tang Dynasty deaths
  1. Yang Shili
    
    Yang Shili (楊師立) was a general of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who came to control Dongchuan Circuit as its military governor (Jiedushi) due to his association with the powerful eunuch Tian Lingzi. He later had a fall out with Tian and Tian's brother Chen Jingxuan, however, and in a subsequent military confrontation, Chen's forces, under the command of Gao Renhou, defeated his. When his own army turned against him in light of its defeat, he committed suicide.
226
1. Cao Pi, Chinese emperor (b. 187) deaths
  1. Cao Pi
    
    Cao Pi, courtesy name Zihuan, was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the second son of Cao Cao, a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty, but the eldest son among all the children born to Cao Cao by his concubine, Lady Bian. According to some historical records, he was often in the presence of court officials in order to gain their support. He was mostly in charge of defence at the start of his career. After the defeat of Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao at the Battle of Guandu, he took Yuan Xi's widow, Lady Zhen, as a concubine, but in 221 Lady Zhen died and Guo Nüwang became empress.

Holidays

Christian feast day: Cassius of Narni
1. Cassius of Narni
  
  Saint Cassius was a bishop of Narni in Umbria from 537 to 558, the date of his death. He was praised by St. Gregory the Great, and was noted for his charity.
Christian feast day: Feast of Saints Peter and Paul (Western Christianity), and its related observances: Haro Wine Festival (Haro, La Rioja)
1. Haro Wine Festival
  
  The Haro Wine Festival is a summer festival in the town of Haro, La Rioja, Spain. It features a Batalla de Vino and youth bullfights. It is considered a “Festival of International Tourist Interest” and, therefore, is very tourist friendly. The festival takes place on June 29, the day of the patron saint San Pedro.
2. Haro, La Rioja
  
  Haro is a town and municipality in the northwest of La Rioja province in northern Spain. It produces red wine, and hosts the annual Haro Wine Festival. Its architectural heritage includes the plateresque main entrance of the Church of Santo Tomás, the work of Felipe Vigarny, numerous palaces, and the old town, which was declared a Historic-Artistic Site in 1975.
Christian feast day: Feast of Saints Peter and Paul (Western Christianity), and its related observances: l-Imnarja (Malta)
1. Public holidays in Malta
  
  Malta is the country with the most holidays in the European Union. Since 2005, any holidays falling on Saturdays or Sundays do not add an extra day to the workers' leave pool.
2. Malta
  
  Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies 80 km (50 mi) south of Sicily (Italy), 284 km (176 mi) east of Tunisia, and 333 km (207 mi) north of Libya. The official languages are Maltese and English, and 66% of the current Maltese population is at least conversational in the Italian language.
Christian feast day: June 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
1. June 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  
  June 28 - Eastern Orthodox Church calendar - June 30
Engineer's Day (Ecuador)
1. Engineer's Day
  
  Engineer's Day is observed in several countries on various dates of the year. On 25 November 2019, based on a proposal by the World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO), UNESCO has proclaimed March 4 as 'UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development'.
2. Ecuador
  
  Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (621 mi) west of the mainland. The country's capital and largest city is Quito.
Independence Day (Seychelles), celebrates the independence of Seychelles from the United Kingdom in 1976.
1. Public holidays in Seychelles
  
  This is a list of public holidays in Seychelles.January 1: New Year's Day January 2: New Year Holiday Variable : Good Friday Variable : Holy Saturday Variable : Easter Monday May 1: Labour Day Variable: Feast of Corpus Christi June 18: Constitution Day June 29: National Day, marks the date when Seychelles gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1976. August 15: Assumption Day November 1: All Saints Day December 8: Immaculate Conception December 25: Christmas Day
2. Seychelles
  
  Seychelles, officially the Republic of Seychelles, is an archipelagic country consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, is 1,500 kilometres east of mainland Africa. Nearby island countries and territories include the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and the French overseas regions of Mayotte and Réunion to the south; and Maldives and the Chagos Archipelago to the east. It is the least populated sovereign African country, with an estimated 2020 population of 98,462.
Veterans' Day (Netherlands)
1. Veterans' Day (Netherlands)
  
  Veteranendag is the Netherlands' annual day of remembrance for the country's servicemen. Since 2005 it has been organized on the birthday of the late Prince Bernhard. It is held on the last Saturday of June.
National Statistics Day (India)
1. Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
  
  Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis OBE, FNA, FASc, FRS was an Indian scientist and statistician. He is best remembered for the Mahalanobis distance, a statistical measure, and for being one of the members of the first Planning Commission of free India. He made pioneering studies in anthropometry in India. He founded the Indian Statistical Institute, and contributed to the design of large-scale sample surveys. For his contributions, Mahalanobis has been considered the father of modern statistics in India.

Important events in history on June 29 th

Events

Islamic State

Derecho

June 2012 North American derecho

Apple Inc.

IPhone

Hamdan v. Rumsfeld

Supreme Court of the United States

George W. Bush

Guantanamo Bay detention camp

International law

Battle of Yeongpyeong (2002)

North Korea

Space Shuttle Atlantis

Space Shuttle

Mir

Shuttle–Mir program

Space Shuttle program

STS-71

Space Shuttle Atlantis

Mir

Sampoong Department Store collapse

Seocho District

Seoul

Vincent van Gogh

London

Seychelles

1976 Conference of Communist and Workers Parties of Europe

East Berlin

Isabel Perón

President of Argentina

Juan Perón

Mikhail Baryshnikov

Soviet Union

Mariinsky Ballet

Supreme Court of the United States

Furman v. Georgia

Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Convair CV-240 family

De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter

1972 Lake Winnebago mid-air collision

Lake Winnebago

Appleton, Wisconsin

Soyuz 11

Uncontrolled decompression

Atmospheric entry

Vladislav Volkov

Georgy Dobrovolsky

Viktor Patsayev

Soviet Union

Salyut 1

Soyuz 11

Georgy Dobrovolsky

Vladislav Volkov

Viktor Patsayev

Jayne Mansfield

New Orleans

Mariska Hargitay

Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Interstate Highway System

Miss Universe

Armi Kuusela

Miss Universe 1952

United States men's national soccer team

United States v England (1950 FIFA World Cup)

England national football team

1950 FIFA World Cup

Korean War

Harry S. Truman

Soviet Union

Czechoslovakia

Carpathian Ruthenia

United States Army Air Corps

Bird of Paradise (aircraft)

Wheeler Army Airfield

Oahu

Bird of Paradise (aircraft)

Important events in history
on June 29 ^th